[ Objective] To study the effects of different pretreatment methods on determination of microelement in feed and thus find the best pre treatment method for each microetement, t Method] The samples （concentrated feed...[ Objective] To study the effects of different pretreatment methods on determination of microelement in feed and thus find the best pre treatment method for each microetement, t Method] The samples （concentrated feeding stuff and fodder） were pretreated through throe methods, that is, dry incineration method, HNOs HCIO, wetdecomposition method and microwave digestion method. Then the content of seven kinds of mi croelement （AI, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn） was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer （ICPAES）. I Result] These three methods were all suitable for the determination of Cu, Mn and Zn in concentrated feeding stuff and the determination of Cu and Ca in fodder. The content of Cu and Ca was higher in fodder detected by HNO3 HCIO, wetdecomposition method. The microwave digestion method was suitable for the determination of AI and Ca in concentrated feeding stuff and the determination of AI, Fe, Mn and Zn in fodder. The dry incinera tion method was fit for the determination of Fe in concentrated feeding stuff. [ Condusionl The content of different microelements should be deter mined after the feed is treated with different Ioretreatment methods.展开更多
The Cu-Zr-Ce-O catalysts prepared using the coprecipitation method exhibited better catalytic performance for CO selective oxidation. The Cu-Zr-Ce-O catalysts pretreated with different methods were studied by CO-TPR a...The Cu-Zr-Ce-O catalysts prepared using the coprecipitation method exhibited better catalytic performance for CO selective oxidation. The Cu-Zr-Ce-O catalysts pretreated with different methods were studied by CO-TPR and XPS techniques. The results showed that the Cu-Zr-Ce-O catalyst pretreated with oxygen exhibited the best catalytic performance and had the widest operating temperature window, with CO conversion above 99% from 160 to 200 ℃. The O2 pretreatment caused an enrichment of the oxygen storaged on the Cu active species and promoted the conversion of adsorbed oxygen into surface lattice oxygen. It also improved the amount of Cu＋/Cu^2＋ ionic pair, and then facilitated the formation of CuO active species on the catalyst for selective CO oxidation.展开更多
Oil palm fronds(OPF)are a potential solid fuel source,similar to empty palm fruit bunches(EFB),yet high potassium(K)content can cause fouling and deposition in boiler systems.To mitigate these issues,an acidic torrefa...Oil palm fronds(OPF)are a potential solid fuel source,similar to empty palm fruit bunches(EFB),yet high potassium(K)content can cause fouling and deposition in boiler systems.To mitigate these issues,an acidic torrefaction liquid pretreatment was applied to reduce OPF potassium level,and co-torrefaction with waste cooking oil(WCO)was employed to enhance the resulting biochar’s higher heating value(HHV).X-ray fluorescence(XRF)analysis indicated that acidic pretreatment lowered potassium content from 35.48%to 20.91%,a reduction of approximately 41%,thereby significantly diminishing K-induced fouling risk.Through systematic variation of pretreatment temperature(30-50℃),duration(45-75 min),WOPF-to-WCO ratio(1:0-3:1,mass/mass),and co-torrefaction temperature(200-300℃),optimal conditions were identified at 50℃for 75 min,an WOPF-to-WCO ratio of 1:1,and co-torrefaction at 250℃.Under these parameters,WCO contributed additional hydrocarbons,increasing fixed carbon content and reducing oxygen level,thereby improving the fuel stability and HHV.The biochar exhibited a mass yield of 60.95%,an energy yield of 87.43%,and a HHV of 31.97 MJ/kg,surpassing the performance of untreated OPF biochar.By simultaneously reducing potassium content and enriching carbon and hydrogen fractions,this optimized biochar exhibits enhanced combustion properties,positioning it as a sustainable alternative to coal with higher energy density and lower operational risk in combustion systems.展开更多
Chemical component analysis is a critical challenge in Chinese herbal medicine research,involving the qualitative and quantitative identification of complex constituents in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).However,tr...Chemical component analysis is a critical challenge in Chinese herbal medicine research,involving the qualitative and quantitative identification of complex constituents in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).However,traditional analytical methods are insufficient for efficient and comprehensive analysis of complex composition of TCM.Limitations exist in sample preparation,instrumental technology,data processing,and activity-related quality marker research.Recent advancements have significantly improved analytical precision,enabling more comprehensive profiling of TCM components.New pretreatment methods improve extraction efficiency and detection sensitivity,while novel instrumental technologies,such as mass spectrometry imaging,preserve spatial information lost in homogenization.AI enhances data interpretation,improving accuracy and efficiency.Online activity analysis links chemical composition with bioactivity,overcoming the limitations of purely chemical profiling and enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of TCM efficacy.This perspective provides an overview of the development trends in component analysis,aiming to advance the field and support TCM modernization.展开更多
文摘[ Objective] To study the effects of different pretreatment methods on determination of microelement in feed and thus find the best pre treatment method for each microetement, t Method] The samples （concentrated feeding stuff and fodder） were pretreated through throe methods, that is, dry incineration method, HNOs HCIO, wetdecomposition method and microwave digestion method. Then the content of seven kinds of mi croelement （AI, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn） was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer （ICPAES）. I Result] These three methods were all suitable for the determination of Cu, Mn and Zn in concentrated feeding stuff and the determination of Cu and Ca in fodder. The content of Cu and Ca was higher in fodder detected by HNO3 HCIO, wetdecomposition method. The microwave digestion method was suitable for the determination of AI and Ca in concentrated feeding stuff and the determination of AI, Fe, Mn and Zn in fodder. The dry incinera tion method was fit for the determination of Fe in concentrated feeding stuff. [ Condusionl The content of different microelements should be deter mined after the feed is treated with different Ioretreatment methods.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Project No.20576023)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Project No.06025660).
文摘The Cu-Zr-Ce-O catalysts prepared using the coprecipitation method exhibited better catalytic performance for CO selective oxidation. The Cu-Zr-Ce-O catalysts pretreated with different methods were studied by CO-TPR and XPS techniques. The results showed that the Cu-Zr-Ce-O catalyst pretreated with oxygen exhibited the best catalytic performance and had the widest operating temperature window, with CO conversion above 99% from 160 to 200 ℃. The O2 pretreatment caused an enrichment of the oxygen storaged on the Cu active species and promoted the conversion of adsorbed oxygen into surface lattice oxygen. It also improved the amount of Cu＋/Cu^2＋ ionic pair, and then facilitated the formation of CuO active species on the catalyst for selective CO oxidation.
基金funded by Universitas Riau,No.15579/UN19.5.1.3/AL.04/2024.
文摘Oil palm fronds(OPF)are a potential solid fuel source,similar to empty palm fruit bunches(EFB),yet high potassium(K)content can cause fouling and deposition in boiler systems.To mitigate these issues,an acidic torrefaction liquid pretreatment was applied to reduce OPF potassium level,and co-torrefaction with waste cooking oil(WCO)was employed to enhance the resulting biochar’s higher heating value(HHV).X-ray fluorescence(XRF)analysis indicated that acidic pretreatment lowered potassium content from 35.48%to 20.91%,a reduction of approximately 41%,thereby significantly diminishing K-induced fouling risk.Through systematic variation of pretreatment temperature(30-50℃),duration(45-75 min),WOPF-to-WCO ratio(1:0-3:1,mass/mass),and co-torrefaction temperature(200-300℃),optimal conditions were identified at 50℃for 75 min,an WOPF-to-WCO ratio of 1:1,and co-torrefaction at 250℃.Under these parameters,WCO contributed additional hydrocarbons,increasing fixed carbon content and reducing oxygen level,thereby improving the fuel stability and HHV.The biochar exhibited a mass yield of 60.95%,an energy yield of 87.43%,and a HHV of 31.97 MJ/kg,surpassing the performance of untreated OPF biochar.By simultaneously reducing potassium content and enriching carbon and hydrogen fractions,this optimized biochar exhibits enhanced combustion properties,positioning it as a sustainable alternative to coal with higher energy density and lower operational risk in combustion systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82461160264,82474056,82404854)the grant from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.21S21902400)+3 种基金Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.2022XD037)Shanghai Magnolia Talent Plan Pujiang Project(No.23PJD113)the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2023ZD502605)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(No.0151/2024/AFJ)。
文摘Chemical component analysis is a critical challenge in Chinese herbal medicine research,involving the qualitative and quantitative identification of complex constituents in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).However,traditional analytical methods are insufficient for efficient and comprehensive analysis of complex composition of TCM.Limitations exist in sample preparation,instrumental technology,data processing,and activity-related quality marker research.Recent advancements have significantly improved analytical precision,enabling more comprehensive profiling of TCM components.New pretreatment methods improve extraction efficiency and detection sensitivity,while novel instrumental technologies,such as mass spectrometry imaging,preserve spatial information lost in homogenization.AI enhances data interpretation,improving accuracy and efficiency.Online activity analysis links chemical composition with bioactivity,overcoming the limitations of purely chemical profiling and enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of TCM efficacy.This perspective provides an overview of the development trends in component analysis,aiming to advance the field and support TCM modernization.
