The empirical likelihood approach is suggested to the pretest-posttest trial based on the constrains, which we construct to summarize all the given information. The author obtains a log-empirical likelihood ratio test...The empirical likelihood approach is suggested to the pretest-posttest trial based on the constrains, which we construct to summarize all the given information. The author obtains a log-empirical likelihood ratio test statistic that has a standard chi-squared limiting distribution. Thus, in making inferences, there is no need to estimate variance explicitly, and inferential procedures are easier to implement. Simulation results show that the approach of this paper is more efficient compared with ANCOVA II due to the sufficient and appropriate use of information.展开更多
Background:Understanding how to improve mental health literacy is conducive to maintaining and promoting individuals’mental health and well-being.However,to date,interventions for mental health literacy primarily dep...Background:Understanding how to improve mental health literacy is conducive to maintaining and promoting individuals’mental health and well-being.However,to date,interventions for mental health literacy primarily depend on traditional education and contact interventions,which have limitations with regard to pertinence and individualization.Artificial intelligence(AI)and big data technology have influenced mental health services to be more intellectual and digital,and they also provide greater technical convenience for individualized interventions for promoting mental health literacy.However,there is relatively little research on the effectiveness of individualized online intervention for mental health literacy in the literature.This study aims to fill this void.To verify whether individualized online intervention can improve the level of mental health literacy.Methods:We conducted a pretest–post-test control experiment.The participants were recruited from a large community located in central China.A total of 152 participants completed the research.We use mixed linear model estimation and paired t-tests to analyze the data.Results:Individualized online intervention can effectively improve the mental health literacy level of participants.Specifically,we found that compared with the control group,the mental health literacy in the experimental group was significantly improved after receiving individualized online intervention.Likewise,the mental health literacy of the control group has also improved after receiving individualized online intervention.In addition,we compared the mental health literacy level of the experimental group at Time 3 to those at Time 2 and found that the mental health literacy level at Time 3 had not decreased one month later.This shows that individualized online intervention was not only momentarily effective,but also had long-term efficacy.Conclusion:This study illustrates that the individualized online intervention has both great momentary and long-term effectiveness in improving community residents’mental health literacy.展开更多
Shoudong Feng made a study of the error-based grammar instruction on fifth-graders' writing. Both the short and long-term gains proved to be significant in all three major categories (mechanical,sentence structure...Shoudong Feng made a study of the error-based grammar instruction on fifth-graders' writing. Both the short and long-term gains proved to be significant in all three major categories (mechanical,sentence structure and usage). This study explored whether the results Feng presented at the 2004 Annual Meeting of MSERA,U.S would be replicable in rural settings at different grade levels. Participants were 35 fourth-grade students in a rural elementary school. Students were asked to write an essay on the topic given by the researcher. Samples from the pretest were collected and analyzed for grammar errors. Then the researcher designed lessons based on the results and taught the lessons by using errors from the sample. Students wrote on a similar topic in the posttest. The researcher analyzed the grammar errors and compared the results. The results showed the number of errors reduced significantly,esp. the errors of spelling,sentence fragment,S-V agreement and homophone confusion. The probability that the difference was due to chance was less than 5%. The findings supported the hypothesis that the error-based grammar instruction has a positive effect on the accuracy of fourth-graders' writing.展开更多
Prematurity is the most common direct cause of newborn mortality that can be reduced by improving the care for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">premature</span> <span style=&quo...Prematurity is the most common direct cause of newborn mortality that can be reduced by improving the care for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">premature</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">baby</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Neonatal Care Units. Nursing staff working in such units must be highly qualified to avoid complications </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">which lead</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to the increase of disability and death rate. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">intervention</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nurse’s Performance</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> regarding </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">feeding</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">premature</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">baby</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Neonate</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Care Unit. Interventional Study design with pre and posttest was used. The study was carried out at neonatal care units of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Organization</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of AL-Thora Public Hospital and AL-Slkhana Hospital for Maternal and childhood in Hodeida city in Yemen. Method: Total coverage of 50 nurses in the previously mentioned settings. Three tools were used tool viz. the Structured questionnaire including two parts for Demographic data of nurses and level of basic nurse’s knowledge tool, the Observation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Check list</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and the training program procedure which consists of 4 phases: Phase (1) Pretest for the existing knowledge for nurses using the questionnaire format;Phase (2) Orientation to the educational program;Phase (3) close supervision to the participants while applying the nursing practice;Phase (4) Posttest at the end of the program (the same questionnaire and the observation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">check list</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> format were used). Results: The results showed that the total knowledge and practice skills of the nurses were higher in the posttest than the pretest. There was a statistical </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">significance</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> correlation between the total nurses’ knowledge and their total </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">practice’s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> skill in the posttest (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Most of the study participants attained a score less than “good” in the levels of knowledge and practical skills in the pretest which became “very good” to “Excellent” after the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">educational</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.展开更多
Background It was recommended that malaria rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs)should be available in all epidemiological situations.But evidence was limited on the implementation of RDTs and its effectiveness in malaria elim...Background It was recommended that malaria rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs)should be available in all epidemiological situations.But evidence was limited on the implementation of RDTs and its effectiveness in malaria elimination settings.This study examined the implementation of RDTs and how it affected the diagnosis of imported malaria patients in Jiangsu Province,China.Methods To scale up RDTs,this study developed an intervention package with four major elements covering the supply of RDT test,the training on RDTs,the monitoring and management of RDT use,and the advocacy of RDTs.By using a pretest-posttest control group design,we implemented the interventions in 4 cities in Jiangsu Province with the rest nine cities as controlled areas,from January 2017 to January 2018.Difference-in-Difference approach was used to evaluate the impact of the scale-up of RDTs on the identification of malaria cases.Three binary outcome measures were included to indicate delayed malaria diagnosis,malaria cases with confirmed malaria diagnosis at township-level institutions,and severe malaria cases,respectively.Linear probability regression was performed with time and group fixed effects and the interaction term between time and group.Results Intervention areas received sufficient RDT test supply,regular professional training programs,monthly tracking and management of RDT supply and use,and health education to targeted population.The implementation of interventions was associated with 10.8%(P=0.021)fewer patients with delayed diagnosis.But intervention areas did not see a higher likelihood of having confirmed diagnosis from township-level institutions(coefficient=-0.038,P=0.185)or reduced severe malaria cases(coef.=0.040,P=0.592).Conclusions The comprehensive package of RDT implementation in this study is promising in scaling up RDT use and improving access to care among malaria patients,especially in malaria elimination settings.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10971033)
文摘The empirical likelihood approach is suggested to the pretest-posttest trial based on the constrains, which we construct to summarize all the given information. The author obtains a log-empirical likelihood ratio test statistic that has a standard chi-squared limiting distribution. Thus, in making inferences, there is no need to estimate variance explicitly, and inferential procedures are easier to implement. Simulation results show that the approach of this paper is more efficient compared with ANCOVA II due to the sufficient and appropriate use of information.
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund Project—Research on the Construction Strategy of Community Home-Based Elderly Care Service Ecological Chain from the Perspective of Stakeholders(Grant Number,22BSH137).
文摘Background:Understanding how to improve mental health literacy is conducive to maintaining and promoting individuals’mental health and well-being.However,to date,interventions for mental health literacy primarily depend on traditional education and contact interventions,which have limitations with regard to pertinence and individualization.Artificial intelligence(AI)and big data technology have influenced mental health services to be more intellectual and digital,and they also provide greater technical convenience for individualized interventions for promoting mental health literacy.However,there is relatively little research on the effectiveness of individualized online intervention for mental health literacy in the literature.This study aims to fill this void.To verify whether individualized online intervention can improve the level of mental health literacy.Methods:We conducted a pretest–post-test control experiment.The participants were recruited from a large community located in central China.A total of 152 participants completed the research.We use mixed linear model estimation and paired t-tests to analyze the data.Results:Individualized online intervention can effectively improve the mental health literacy level of participants.Specifically,we found that compared with the control group,the mental health literacy in the experimental group was significantly improved after receiving individualized online intervention.Likewise,the mental health literacy of the control group has also improved after receiving individualized online intervention.In addition,we compared the mental health literacy level of the experimental group at Time 3 to those at Time 2 and found that the mental health literacy level at Time 3 had not decreased one month later.This shows that individualized online intervention was not only momentarily effective,but also had long-term efficacy.Conclusion:This study illustrates that the individualized online intervention has both great momentary and long-term effectiveness in improving community residents’mental health literacy.
文摘Shoudong Feng made a study of the error-based grammar instruction on fifth-graders' writing. Both the short and long-term gains proved to be significant in all three major categories (mechanical,sentence structure and usage). This study explored whether the results Feng presented at the 2004 Annual Meeting of MSERA,U.S would be replicable in rural settings at different grade levels. Participants were 35 fourth-grade students in a rural elementary school. Students were asked to write an essay on the topic given by the researcher. Samples from the pretest were collected and analyzed for grammar errors. Then the researcher designed lessons based on the results and taught the lessons by using errors from the sample. Students wrote on a similar topic in the posttest. The researcher analyzed the grammar errors and compared the results. The results showed the number of errors reduced significantly,esp. the errors of spelling,sentence fragment,S-V agreement and homophone confusion. The probability that the difference was due to chance was less than 5%. The findings supported the hypothesis that the error-based grammar instruction has a positive effect on the accuracy of fourth-graders' writing.
文摘Prematurity is the most common direct cause of newborn mortality that can be reduced by improving the care for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">premature</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">baby</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Neonatal Care Units. Nursing staff working in such units must be highly qualified to avoid complications </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">which lead</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to the increase of disability and death rate. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">intervention</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nurse’s Performance</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> regarding </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">feeding</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">premature</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">baby</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Neonate</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Care Unit. Interventional Study design with pre and posttest was used. The study was carried out at neonatal care units of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Organization</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of AL-Thora Public Hospital and AL-Slkhana Hospital for Maternal and childhood in Hodeida city in Yemen. Method: Total coverage of 50 nurses in the previously mentioned settings. Three tools were used tool viz. the Structured questionnaire including two parts for Demographic data of nurses and level of basic nurse’s knowledge tool, the Observation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Check list</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and the training program procedure which consists of 4 phases: Phase (1) Pretest for the existing knowledge for nurses using the questionnaire format;Phase (2) Orientation to the educational program;Phase (3) close supervision to the participants while applying the nursing practice;Phase (4) Posttest at the end of the program (the same questionnaire and the observation </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">check list</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> format were used). Results: The results showed that the total knowledge and practice skills of the nurses were higher in the posttest than the pretest. There was a statistical </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">significance</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> correlation between the total nurses’ knowledge and their total </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">practice’s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> skill in the posttest (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Most of the study participants attained a score less than “good” in the levels of knowledge and practical skills in the pretest which became “very good” to “Excellent” after the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">educational</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.
文摘Background It was recommended that malaria rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs)should be available in all epidemiological situations.But evidence was limited on the implementation of RDTs and its effectiveness in malaria elimination settings.This study examined the implementation of RDTs and how it affected the diagnosis of imported malaria patients in Jiangsu Province,China.Methods To scale up RDTs,this study developed an intervention package with four major elements covering the supply of RDT test,the training on RDTs,the monitoring and management of RDT use,and the advocacy of RDTs.By using a pretest-posttest control group design,we implemented the interventions in 4 cities in Jiangsu Province with the rest nine cities as controlled areas,from January 2017 to January 2018.Difference-in-Difference approach was used to evaluate the impact of the scale-up of RDTs on the identification of malaria cases.Three binary outcome measures were included to indicate delayed malaria diagnosis,malaria cases with confirmed malaria diagnosis at township-level institutions,and severe malaria cases,respectively.Linear probability regression was performed with time and group fixed effects and the interaction term between time and group.Results Intervention areas received sufficient RDT test supply,regular professional training programs,monthly tracking and management of RDT supply and use,and health education to targeted population.The implementation of interventions was associated with 10.8%(P=0.021)fewer patients with delayed diagnosis.But intervention areas did not see a higher likelihood of having confirmed diagnosis from township-level institutions(coefficient=-0.038,P=0.185)or reduced severe malaria cases(coef.=0.040,P=0.592).Conclusions The comprehensive package of RDT implementation in this study is promising in scaling up RDT use and improving access to care among malaria patients,especially in malaria elimination settings.
