Small modular reactors have received widespread attention owing to their inherent safety,low investment,and flexibility.Small pressurized water reactors(SPWRs)have become important candidates for SMRs owing to their h...Small modular reactors have received widespread attention owing to their inherent safety,low investment,and flexibility.Small pressurized water reactors(SPWRs)have become important candidates for SMRs owing to their high technological maturity.Since the Fukushima accident,research on accident-tolerant fuels(ATFs),which are more resistant to serious accidents than conventional fuels,has gradually increased.This study analyzes the neutronics and thermal hydraulics of an SPWR(ACPR50S)for different ATFs,BeO+UO_(2)−SiC,BeO+UO_(2)−FeCrAl,U_(3)Si_(2)−SiC,and U_(3)Si_(2)−FeCrAl,based on a PWR fuel management code,the Bamboo-C deterministic code.In the steady state,the burnup calculations,reactivity coefficients,power and temperature distributions,and control rod reactivity worth were studied.The transients of the control rod ejection accident for the two control rods with the maximum and minimum reactivity worth were analyzed.The results showed that 5%B-10 enrichment in the wet annular burnable absorbers assembly can effectively reduce the initial reactivity and end-of-life reactivity penalty.The BeO+UO2−SiC core exhibited superior neutronic characteristics in terms of burnup and negative temperature reactivity compared with the other three cases owing to the strong moderation ability of BeO+UO_(2)and low neutron absorption of SiC.However,the U_(3)Si_(2)core had a marginally better power-flattening effect than BeO+UO_(2),and the differential worth of each control rod group was similar between different ATFs.During the transient of a control rod ejection,the changes in the fuel temperature,coolant temperature,and coolant density were similar.The maximum difference was less than 10℃ for the fuel temperature and 2℃ for the coolant temperature.展开更多
As a renewable energy source,the thermal conversion of poultry manure,is a promising waste treatment solution that can generate circular economic outputs such as energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Currently,pr...As a renewable energy source,the thermal conversion of poultry manure,is a promising waste treatment solution that can generate circular economic outputs such as energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Currently,pressurized gasification of poultry manure is still a novel research field,especially when combined with a novel technological route of oxy-fuel gasification.Oxy-fuel gasification is a newly proposed and promising gasification technology for power generation that facilitates future carbon capture and storage.In this work,based on a commercially operated industrial-scale chicken manure gasification power plant in Singapore,we presented an interesting first exploration of the coupled pressurization technology for oxy-fuel gasification of poultry manure using CFD numerical simulation,analyzed the effects of pressure and oxygen enrichment concentration as well as the coupling mechanism between them,and discussed the conversion and emission of nitrogen-and sulfur-containing pollutants.The results indicate that under oxy-fuel gasification condition(Oxy-30,i.e.,30%O_(2)/70%CO_(2)),as the pressure increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa,the CO concentration in the syngas increases slightly,the H_(2)concentration increases to approximately 25%,and the CH4 concentration(less than 1%)decreases,resulting in an increase in the calorific value of syngas from 5.2 to 5.6 MJ·m^(-3).Compared to atmospheric pressure conditions,a relatively higher oxygen-enriched concentration interval(Oxy-40 to Oxy-50)under pressurized conditions is advantageous for autothermal gasification.Pressurization increases NO precursors production and also promotes homogeneous and heterogeneous reduction of NO,and provides favorable conditions for self-desulfurization.This work offers reference for the realization of a highly efficient and low-energy-consumption thermochemical treatment of livestock manure coupled with negative carbon emission technology.展开更多
The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China.The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient.To...The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China.The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient.To solve this problem,the small friction pendulum bearing(FPB)isolation design is proposed for modular pressurized buildings.Firstly,a simplified model of cross-truss support for the pressurized module is proposed to simplify the modeling and calculation of the pressurized buildings.The reasonability of the simplified model is verified by comparing the refined finite element model.Subsequently,according to the FPB design process for modular pressurized buildings,a small FPB for isolation is provided for a two-story modular pressurized building under 8-degree fortification earthquakes.Lastly,the seismic effectiveness and constructional feasibility of the isolation structure are verified compared with the non-isolated structure using dynamic time-history analysis.The study results show that the size of FPBs for modular pressurized buildings should consider both displacement and dimension requirements to weigh seismic isolation performance and installation feasibility,respectively.When adopting FPBs,the response of the structure is significantly reduced,and the seismic isolation effect is obvious.The proposed construction process can improve the seismic resilience of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings by replacing post-earthquake damaged components quickly.It provides ideas for the seismic isolation design of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings in high seismic intensity areas.展开更多
Pressurized oxy-fuel combustion is a next-generation and low-cost carbon capture technology with industrial application potential.This work presents an innovative research exploration-coupling coal pressurized fluidiz...Pressurized oxy-fuel combustion is a next-generation and low-cost carbon capture technology with industrial application potential.This work presents an innovative research exploration-coupling coal pressurized fluidized bed oxy-fuel combustion technology with energy utilization of poultry manure as a renewable and carbon-neutral fuel,in order to capture CO_(2)and solve the problem of poultry manure treatment simultaneously.In this study,a stable co-combustion of coal and chicken manure in a laboratory-scale pressurized fluidized bed under typical oxy-fuel condition(30%O_(2)/70%CO_(2),i.e.,Oxy-30)is achieved.The key parameters including the combustion pressure(0.1-0.5 MPa)and chicken-manure proportion(0%to 100%)and their impacts on fundamental combustion efficiency,carbon conversion,nitrogen and sulfur pollutant emissions,and residue ash characteristics have been investigated.The result show that pressurization favors an increase in the CO_(2)enrichment concentration and fluidized bed combustion efficiency.During co-combustion under 0.1 and 0.3 MPa,the CO_(2)concentration in the flue gas is the highest when the chicken manure blending ratio(M_(pm))is 25%.Although the NO emissions fluctuate and even increase as Mpm increases,the co-combustion of coal and chicken manure exhibits a synergistic effect in reducing NO conversion rate(XNO).The effect of pressurization on reducing NO emission is significant,XNO at M_(pm)=25%decreasing from 15%to 5%as the pressure(P)increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa.As P increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa and Mpm increases from 0%to 50%,the SO_(2) emissions and conversion rates decrease.The self-desulfurization process plays an important role in the reduction of SO_(2) emissions during pressurized oxy-fuel co-combustion.The aim of this work is to advance the development and application of pressurized fluidized bed oxy-fuel co-combustion technology and promote a circular bioeconomy and carbon-free waste management for biomass derived from livestock manure.展开更多
The pressurized combustion experiments of bituminous coal and lignite under air and O2/CO2 atmospheres were conducted to study the influences of pressure and atmosphere on combustion and the CO, NO, SO2 release proces...The pressurized combustion experiments of bituminous coal and lignite under air and O2/CO2 atmospheres were conducted to study the influences of pressure and atmosphere on combustion and the CO, NO, SO2 release process. Two indices, the maximum concentration and the total emission, were applied to quantitatively evaluate the influence of several different operating parameters such as pressure, atmosphere and temperature on the formation of NO and SO2 during coal combustion in the fluidized bed. The experimental results show that the releasing profiles of CO, NO and SO2 during coal combustion under a pressurized oxy- fuel atmosphere are similar to those under a pressurized air atmosphere, and the curves of measured gas components are all unimodal. Under the oxy-fuel condition, pressure increasing from 0.1 to 0.7 MPa can cause the inhibition of NO and SO2 emission. The elevation of temperature can lead to an increase in the maximum concentration and the total production of NO and SO2, and the increase under atmospheric pressure is higher than that under high pressure.展开更多
Numerical simulation study is conducted for a pressurized spouted fluidized bed coal carbonizer, in which hydrodynamics of pressurized spouted fluidized bed, chemical reactions and energy balance are taken into accoun...Numerical simulation study is conducted for a pressurized spouted fluidized bed coal carbonizer, in which hydrodynamics of pressurized spouted fluidized bed, chemical reactions and energy balance are taken into account. The effect of operating conditions such as bed pressure, air and steam mass flow ratio, temperature on product compositions in the bed is investigated. According to the calculated results, bed pressure and bed temperature have the key effects on coal semi gasification.展开更多
The aim of this study was to rapidly isolate the major effective flavanoids from the extract of safflower（Carthamus tinctorius） using ODS medium pressure liquid chromatography（MPLC） and semi-preparative HPLC, guid...The aim of this study was to rapidly isolate the major effective flavanoids from the extract of safflower（Carthamus tinctorius） using ODS medium pressure liquid chromatography（MPLC） and semi-preparative HPLC, guided by a developed fingerprint. Twelve compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as kaempferol 3-O-β-D-rutinoside（1）, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside（2）, rutin（3）, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside（4）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6,7-tri-O-β-D-glucoside（5）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside（6）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 6,7-di-O-β-D-glucoside（7）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-Drutinoside（8）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6-di-O-β-D-glucosyl 7-O-β-D-glucuronide（9）, isosafflomin C（10）, safflomin C（11） and hydroxysafflor yellow A（12） by spectroscopic analysis and comparing with the literature. Our results demonstrated that preparative pressurized liquid chromatography combined with HPLC fingerprint guide is an efficient tool to isolate the target compounds quickly.展开更多
A multi-grain phase field model coupled with thermodynamic calculation was adopted to describe the dendritic growth in pressurized solidification of Mg-A1 alloy during squeeze casting, in which the effects of the pres...A multi-grain phase field model coupled with thermodynamic calculation was adopted to describe the dendritic growth in pressurized solidification of Mg-A1 alloy during squeeze casting, in which the effects of the pressure on the Gibbs free energy and chemical potential of solid and liquid phases, the solute diffusion coefficient, and the solute partition coefficient were considered. The individual effect of solute diffusion coefficient, and the Gibbs free energy on the dendritic growth was studied. With the compar- ison of the dendritic growth under atmospheric and elevated pressures, the effect of pressure on the microstructure evolution was discussed. The results showed that the grains are refined, the dendritic growth rate tends to increase and the secondary dendrite arms are more developed as the pressure is increased from 0.1 to 100 MPa, which showed a good agreement with the experimental results of direct squeeze casting of Mg-AI alloy. As the pressure increases, the largest dendritic growth rate can be obtained under the pressure between 200 and 250 MPa, while the growth rate decreases with a further increase of pressure.展开更多
A novel method of extracting valuable metals from Ti-bearing blast furnace slag(TBBF slag)via pressure pyrolysis of recyclable ammonium sulfate(AS)−acid leaching process was proposed.The results show that when pressur...A novel method of extracting valuable metals from Ti-bearing blast furnace slag(TBBF slag)via pressure pyrolysis of recyclable ammonium sulfate(AS)−acid leaching process was proposed.The results show that when pressurized roasting at an AS-to-slag mass ratio 3:1 and 370℃for 90 min,the extraction rates of titanium,aluminum and magnesium reached 94.5%,91.9%and 97.4%,respectively.The acid leaching solution was subjected to re-crystallization in a boiling state to obtain a titanium product having a TiO2 content of 94.1%.The above crystallization mother liquor was adjusted to pH=6 and pH≥12.2,respectively,and then qualified Al2O3 and MgO products were obtained.The analysis through XRD and SEM−EDS proves that the main phases in roasted samples were NH4AlSO4,CaSO4 and TiOSO4.The thermodynamic analysis presents that the main minerals of perovskite,spinel and diopside in raw ore could spontaneously react with the intermediate produced by AS under optimal conditions.展开更多
In resonance with the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident lesson, a novel fuel design to enhance safety regarding severe accident scenarios has become increasingly appreciated in the nuclear power industry....In resonance with the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident lesson, a novel fuel design to enhance safety regarding severe accident scenarios has become increasingly appreciated in the nuclear power industry. This research focuses on analysis of the neutronic properties of a silicon carbide(SiC) cladding fuel assembly, which provides a greater safety margin as a type of accident-tolerant fuel for pressurized water reactors. The general physical performance of SiC cladding is explored to ascertain its neutronic performance. The neutron spectrum, accumulation of ^(239)Pu, physical characteristics,temperature reactivity coefficient, and power distribution are analyzed. Furthermore, the influences of a burnable poison rod and enrichment are explored. SiC cladding assemblies show a softer neutron spectrum and flatter power distribution than conventional Zr alloy cladding fuel assemblies. Lower enrichment fuel is required when SiC cladding is adopted. However, the positive reactivity coefficient associated with the SiC material remains to be offset. The results reveal that SiC cladding assemblies show broad agreement with the neutronic performance of conventional Zr alloy cladding fuel. In the meantime, its unique physical characteristics can lead to improved safety and economy.展开更多
Stress corrosion cracking(SCC) of an SA508-309 L/308 L–316 L dissimilar metal weld joint in primary pressurized water reactor environment was investigated by the interrupted slow strain rate tension tests following a...Stress corrosion cracking(SCC) of an SA508-309 L/308 L–316 L dissimilar metal weld joint in primary pressurized water reactor environment was investigated by the interrupted slow strain rate tension tests following a microstructure characterization. The 308 L weld metal shows a higher content of δ ferrite than the 309 L weld metal. In addition, no obvious Cr-depletion but carbides precipitation at δ phase boundaries was observed in both 308 L and 309 L weld metals. The slow strain rate tension tests showed that the SCC susceptibility of the base and weld metals of the dissimilar metal weld joint follows the order of SA508 < 308 L weld metal < the heat affected zone of 316 L base metal < 309 L weld metal.The higher SCC susceptibility of 309 L weld metal than that of 308 L weld metal is likely due to the lower content of δ ferrite. In addition, a preferential SCC initiation in the 309 L weld metal adjacent to 308 L weld metal is attributed to few carbides in this region.展开更多
We report the first application of pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy(PIPAC) as a rescue therapy before palliative D2 gastrectomy combined with liver metastasectomy performed in a 49-yearold woman with p...We report the first application of pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy(PIPAC) as a rescue therapy before palliative D2 gastrectomy combined with liver metastasectomy performed in a 49-yearold woman with peritoneal carcinomatosis who was primarily diagnosed with and underwent surgery for a Krukenberg tumor. The PIPAC procedure was performed with the use of cisplatin at 7.5 mg/m2 and doxorubicin at 1.5 mg/m2 for 30 min at 37 ℃. Eight weeks after the PIPAC procedure, the patient underwent open classic D2 gastrectomy with the creation of a Roux-en-Y anastomosis(RNY) combined with liver metastasectomy. The patient underwent the classic protocol for chemotherapy combined with Xeloda. The patient felt better and returned to her daily activities. Multicenter data should be gathered to confirm the usefulness of PIPAC as a rescue or neoadjuvant supportive therapy in a very select group of patients who have been recently qualified to undergo classic chemotherapy or standard oncologic surgical procedures.展开更多
The modified graphite anode materials have some prominent advantages over other anode materials in the industrial applications.A novel simple and gentle method is proposed to synthesize the mild expanded graphite micr...The modified graphite anode materials have some prominent advantages over other anode materials in the industrial applications.A novel simple and gentle method is proposed to synthesize the mild expanded graphite microspheres(MEGMs) from flake graphite spheres through a combined modified pressurized oxidation combined with the microwave treatment.The microstructural results demonstrate that moderately expanded MEGMs with an expansion volume between 4 and 10 ml·g^(-1)exhibit a highly microporous structure with an enlarged interlayer spacing,a decreased microcrystalline size,as well as an increased number of functional groups on the surface,resulting in the increased storage sites and spaces for lithium ions and the enhanced diffusion rate of lithium ions.When used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries,the MEGM-T75t30 obtained by oxidation treatment at 75℃ for 30 min followed by microwave irradiation for expansion displays a high reversible capacity of 446.7 mAh·g^(-1) at 100 mA·g^(-1) after 100 cycles and excellent rate performance(330 and 116 mAh·g^(-1) at 800 and 3200 mA·g^(-1),respectively).Therefore,the MEGMs prepared by this convenient and mild method show excellent electrochemical properties and good application potential.展开更多
For a typical pressurized system with a novel dual-stage gas pressure reducing regulator,a system model is established with modular models of various typical components. The simulation study on the whole working perio...For a typical pressurized system with a novel dual-stage gas pressure reducing regulator,a system model is established with modular models of various typical components. The simulation study on the whole working period shows that the general trends and magnitudes of simulation curves are in agreement with experimental measured curves. As the key component in the pressurized system, the regulator is studied by a series of numerical simulations to reveal the influences of various structure parameters on its stability. Furthermore, the variable ranges which can guarantee the stability of regulator and system are obtained to provide guidance for design. The modeling and analysis approach can be applied to other systems and components.展开更多
Pressurized biochemical process derived from traditional activated sludge processes is an innovative technology for wastewater treatment. The main advantage of the pressurized process is that the oxygen transfer barri...Pressurized biochemical process derived from traditional activated sludge processes is an innovative technology for wastewater treatment. The main advantage of the pressurized process is that the oxygen transfer barrier can be overcome by increasing the dissolved oxygen level. In this study, high concentration pesticide wastewater was treated by pressurized activated sludge process. It was found that the removal of chemical oxygen demand （COD） increased steadily with the increase of operating pressure, aeration time, and sludge concentration. When the operation pressure was 0.30 MPa and the aeration time was 6 hr, 85.0%-92.5% COD, corresponding to an effluent COD of 230-370 mg/L, was removed from an influent COD of 2500-5000 mg/L. The obtained outlet COD concentration was lower than 350-450 mg/L for the identical process operated under the atmospheric pressure. In addition, pressurized biochemical process could produce a higher COD volumetric loading rate at 5.8-7.6 kg COD/（m^3.day）, compared with 2.0-2.8 kg COD/（ma.day） using the same equipment at the atmospheric pressure. The COD concentration followed a modified Monod model with Vmax 2.31 day-1 and Ks 487 mg/L.展开更多
The 7 wt%rare earth metal oxide promoted Ni-SiO_(2) catalysts of Ni-7Pr_(6)O_(11)-SiO_(2),Ni-7Nd_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2),and Ni-7Sm_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) were prepared by the complex-decomposition method,and were comparatively ev...The 7 wt%rare earth metal oxide promoted Ni-SiO_(2) catalysts of Ni-7Pr_(6)O_(11)-SiO_(2),Ni-7Nd_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2),and Ni-7Sm_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) were prepared by the complex-decomposition method,and were comparatively evaluated for pressurized carbon dioxide reforming of methane(CRM)under severe conditions of 750℃,1.0 MPa,CH_(4)/CO_(2)=1,and gas hourly space velocity of 53200 mL/(g·h).The addition of rare earth metal oxide does not affect the Ni dispersion,and all of the catalysts show similarly high Ni dispersion of16.0%±0.2%.As a result,all of the catalysts are highly active for pressurized CRM,the initial CH_(4) conversions of which approach the thermodynamic equilibrium(47.0%±0.2%).In contrast,a clearly favorable effect of the added rare earth metal oxide on the stability of Ni-SiO_(2)was revealed from the CRM results for a time-on-stream of 50 h,and the highest stability without an observable decrease in the conversions of CH_(4)and CO_(2)was obtained over Ni-7Sm_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2).Based on the characterization results of thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),the improved stability of Ni-7Pr_(6)O_(11)-SiO_(2),Ni-7Nd_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2),and Ni-7Sm_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)for pressurized CRM was manifested mainly as the suppressed formation of carbon nanotubes over the catalyst surface,the extent of which is dependent on the specific rare earth metal oxide.Moreover,the consecutive temperature programmed surface reaction of CH_(4),CO_(2),and O_(2)over Ni-7Sm_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)vigorously reveals that the addition of Sm_(2)O_(3)into Ni-SiO_(2)inhibits the CH_(4)decomposition but enhances the oxidization of the carbon species by CO_(2),leading to the well-balanced rates for forming and removing the coke over Ni-7Sm_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2).These findings are not only beneficial to deeply understanding the promotional effect of rare earth metal oxides on Ni-based catalysts for CRM,but also important for extending the application of the less studied rare earth metal oxides as promoters for the metalsupported catalysts.展开更多
Externally pressurized spherical air bearings are the key component of the three-axis air bearing table, and the manufacturing errors of the bearing affects the performance of the air bearing table. However, the manuf...Externally pressurized spherical air bearings are the key component of the three-axis air bearing table, and the manufacturing errors of the bearing affects the performance of the air bearing table. However, the manufacturing errors are unavoidable, and the pursuit to enhance the manufacturing accuracy will increase the cost greatly. In order to provide some theoretical guideline for the tolerance choice in the design of the externally pressurized spherical air bearings with inherent compensation, the effects of several manufacturing errors on the static characteristics of the air bearing are studied. Due to the complex geometry of the computational domain, an unstructured meshing technology is used for mesh generation. A finite-volume method is adopted to discretize the three-dimensional steady-state compressible Navier-Stokes equations. A modified SIMPLE algorithm which is suitable for compressible flows is applied to solve the discretized governing equations. The effects of the dimension error and the roundness error of the ball head and the ball socket on the static characteristics are investigated. The investigation result shows that the positive dimension error and the oblate spheroid-type roundness error of the ball head as well as the negative dimension error and the prolate spheroid-type roundness error of the ball socket can improve the bearing capacity and static stiffness of the air bearings by reducing the mass flow. The calculation method proposed in this paper fits well for the general principle, which can be extended to the characteristics analysis of other air bearings.展开更多
A study of reaction mechanisms and chemical kinetics of pressurized pyrolysis of Chinese Liushuhe oil shale in the presence of water were conducted using an autoclave for simulating and modeling in-situ underground th...A study of reaction mechanisms and chemical kinetics of pressurized pyrolysis of Chinese Liushuhe oil shale in the presence of water were conducted using an autoclave for simulating and modeling in-situ underground thermal degradation.It was found that the oil shale was first pyrolyzed to form pyrobitumen,shale oil,shale gas and residue,then the pyrobitumen was further pyrolyzed to form more shale oil,shale gas,and residue.It means that there are two consecutive and parallel reactions.With increasing temperature,the pyrobitumen yield,as intermediate,first reached a maximum,then decreased to approximately zero.The kinetics results show that both these reactions are first order.The activation energy of pyrobitumen formation from oil shale is lower than that of shale oil formation from pyrobitumen.展开更多
Nitrogen oxides are one of the most significant pollution sources during coal combustion. This experimental study was conducted in a 15 kWth lab-scale pressurized fluidized bed (inner diameter = 81-100 mm, H = 2100 mm...Nitrogen oxides are one of the most significant pollution sources during coal combustion. This experimental study was conducted in a 15 kWth lab-scale pressurized fluidized bed (inner diameter = 81-100 mm, H = 2100 mm) firing with bituminous coals. The effects of operating parameters, including bed temperature (800℃-900℃), operating pressure (0.1-0.4 MPa), excess air level (16%-30%) and flow pattern on NOX and N2O emissions were systematically studied during the tests. During each test the interaction effects of all the operating parameters were properly controlled. The results show that most operating parameters have an opposite effect on NOX and N2O emissions, and the N2O emissions mainly depend on the bed temperature. Increasing the operating pressure can significantly suppress the fuel-N conversion to NOX but enhance its conversion to N2O. With the rise of the excess air level and fluidization number, NOX emissions grow distinctly while N2O emissions remain almost unchanged. Total nitrogen oxide emissions increase with the bed temperature while decrease with the operating pressure.展开更多
A novel gradient pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) instrument was developed to separate peptides. Two gradient elution modes, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction mode in pCEC, were performed on t...A novel gradient pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) instrument was developed to separate peptides. Two gradient elution modes, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction mode in pCEC, were performed on this instrument. Baseline separation of six peptides was obtained on two gradient modes with C18 column and strong cationic exchange column respectively. The effects of mixer volume and total flow rate of pumps on resolution were also discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12205150)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20210304)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 2020M681594 and 2019TQ0148)Jiangsu Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 2020Z231)
文摘Small modular reactors have received widespread attention owing to their inherent safety,low investment,and flexibility.Small pressurized water reactors(SPWRs)have become important candidates for SMRs owing to their high technological maturity.Since the Fukushima accident,research on accident-tolerant fuels(ATFs),which are more resistant to serious accidents than conventional fuels,has gradually increased.This study analyzes the neutronics and thermal hydraulics of an SPWR(ACPR50S)for different ATFs,BeO+UO_(2)−SiC,BeO+UO_(2)−FeCrAl,U_(3)Si_(2)−SiC,and U_(3)Si_(2)−FeCrAl,based on a PWR fuel management code,the Bamboo-C deterministic code.In the steady state,the burnup calculations,reactivity coefficients,power and temperature distributions,and control rod reactivity worth were studied.The transients of the control rod ejection accident for the two control rods with the maximum and minimum reactivity worth were analyzed.The results showed that 5%B-10 enrichment in the wet annular burnable absorbers assembly can effectively reduce the initial reactivity and end-of-life reactivity penalty.The BeO+UO2−SiC core exhibited superior neutronic characteristics in terms of burnup and negative temperature reactivity compared with the other three cases owing to the strong moderation ability of BeO+UO_(2)and low neutron absorption of SiC.However,the U_(3)Si_(2)core had a marginally better power-flattening effect than BeO+UO_(2),and the differential worth of each control rod group was similar between different ATFs.During the transient of a control rod ejection,the changes in the fuel temperature,coolant temperature,and coolant density were similar.The maximum difference was less than 10℃ for the fuel temperature and 2℃ for the coolant temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52306131)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230847)+2 种基金the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52336005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2242024RCB0036)the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Smart Coal-fired Power Generation and Ultra-clean Emission(D2024FK156).
文摘As a renewable energy source,the thermal conversion of poultry manure,is a promising waste treatment solution that can generate circular economic outputs such as energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Currently,pressurized gasification of poultry manure is still a novel research field,especially when combined with a novel technological route of oxy-fuel gasification.Oxy-fuel gasification is a newly proposed and promising gasification technology for power generation that facilitates future carbon capture and storage.In this work,based on a commercially operated industrial-scale chicken manure gasification power plant in Singapore,we presented an interesting first exploration of the coupled pressurization technology for oxy-fuel gasification of poultry manure using CFD numerical simulation,analyzed the effects of pressure and oxygen enrichment concentration as well as the coupling mechanism between them,and discussed the conversion and emission of nitrogen-and sulfur-containing pollutants.The results indicate that under oxy-fuel gasification condition(Oxy-30,i.e.,30%O_(2)/70%CO_(2)),as the pressure increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa,the CO concentration in the syngas increases slightly,the H_(2)concentration increases to approximately 25%,and the CH4 concentration(less than 1%)decreases,resulting in an increase in the calorific value of syngas from 5.2 to 5.6 MJ·m^(-3).Compared to atmospheric pressure conditions,a relatively higher oxygen-enriched concentration interval(Oxy-40 to Oxy-50)under pressurized conditions is advantageous for autothermal gasification.Pressurization increases NO precursors production and also promotes homogeneous and heterogeneous reduction of NO,and provides favorable conditions for self-desulfurization.This work offers reference for the realization of a highly efficient and low-energy-consumption thermochemical treatment of livestock manure coupled with negative carbon emission technology.
基金supported by Technology Research and Development Program of China Construction Advanced Technology Research Institute(Grant No.XJY-2024-16)。
文摘The seismic intensity is generally high in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China.The seismic performance of the new prefabricated modular pressurized buildings used to solve the plateau response is insufficient.To solve this problem,the small friction pendulum bearing(FPB)isolation design is proposed for modular pressurized buildings.Firstly,a simplified model of cross-truss support for the pressurized module is proposed to simplify the modeling and calculation of the pressurized buildings.The reasonability of the simplified model is verified by comparing the refined finite element model.Subsequently,according to the FPB design process for modular pressurized buildings,a small FPB for isolation is provided for a two-story modular pressurized building under 8-degree fortification earthquakes.Lastly,the seismic effectiveness and constructional feasibility of the isolation structure are verified compared with the non-isolated structure using dynamic time-history analysis.The study results show that the size of FPBs for modular pressurized buildings should consider both displacement and dimension requirements to weigh seismic isolation performance and installation feasibility,respectively.When adopting FPBs,the response of the structure is significantly reduced,and the seismic isolation effect is obvious.The proposed construction process can improve the seismic resilience of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings by replacing post-earthquake damaged components quickly.It provides ideas for the seismic isolation design of the prefabricated modular pressurized buildings in high seismic intensity areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52306131)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230847)+1 种基金the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52336005)the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Smart Coalfired Power Generation and Ultra-clean Emission(D2024FK156).
文摘Pressurized oxy-fuel combustion is a next-generation and low-cost carbon capture technology with industrial application potential.This work presents an innovative research exploration-coupling coal pressurized fluidized bed oxy-fuel combustion technology with energy utilization of poultry manure as a renewable and carbon-neutral fuel,in order to capture CO_(2)and solve the problem of poultry manure treatment simultaneously.In this study,a stable co-combustion of coal and chicken manure in a laboratory-scale pressurized fluidized bed under typical oxy-fuel condition(30%O_(2)/70%CO_(2),i.e.,Oxy-30)is achieved.The key parameters including the combustion pressure(0.1-0.5 MPa)and chicken-manure proportion(0%to 100%)and their impacts on fundamental combustion efficiency,carbon conversion,nitrogen and sulfur pollutant emissions,and residue ash characteristics have been investigated.The result show that pressurization favors an increase in the CO_(2)enrichment concentration and fluidized bed combustion efficiency.During co-combustion under 0.1 and 0.3 MPa,the CO_(2)concentration in the flue gas is the highest when the chicken manure blending ratio(M_(pm))is 25%.Although the NO emissions fluctuate and even increase as Mpm increases,the co-combustion of coal and chicken manure exhibits a synergistic effect in reducing NO conversion rate(XNO).The effect of pressurization on reducing NO emission is significant,XNO at M_(pm)=25%decreasing from 15%to 5%as the pressure(P)increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa.As P increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa and Mpm increases from 0%to 50%,the SO_(2) emissions and conversion rates decrease.The self-desulfurization process plays an important role in the reduction of SO_(2) emissions during pressurized oxy-fuel co-combustion.The aim of this work is to advance the development and application of pressurized fluidized bed oxy-fuel co-combustion technology and promote a circular bioeconomy and carbon-free waste management for biomass derived from livestock manure.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51206023)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011CB707301-3)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘The pressurized combustion experiments of bituminous coal and lignite under air and O2/CO2 atmospheres were conducted to study the influences of pressure and atmosphere on combustion and the CO, NO, SO2 release process. Two indices, the maximum concentration and the total emission, were applied to quantitatively evaluate the influence of several different operating parameters such as pressure, atmosphere and temperature on the formation of NO and SO2 during coal combustion in the fluidized bed. The experimental results show that the releasing profiles of CO, NO and SO2 during coal combustion under a pressurized oxy- fuel atmosphere are similar to those under a pressurized air atmosphere, and the curves of measured gas components are all unimodal. Under the oxy-fuel condition, pressure increasing from 0.1 to 0.7 MPa can cause the inhibition of NO and SO2 emission. The elevation of temperature can lead to an increase in the maximum concentration and the total production of NO and SO2, and the increase under atmospheric pressure is higher than that under high pressure.
文摘Numerical simulation study is conducted for a pressurized spouted fluidized bed coal carbonizer, in which hydrodynamics of pressurized spouted fluidized bed, chemical reactions and energy balance are taken into account. The effect of operating conditions such as bed pressure, air and steam mass flow ratio, temperature on product compositions in the bed is investigated. According to the calculated results, bed pressure and bed temperature have the key effects on coal semi gasification.
基金National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(Grant No.81222051)National Key Technology R&D Program"New Drug Innovation"of China(Grant No.2012ZX09103201-036,2012ZX09301002-002-002 and 2012ZX09304-005)
文摘The aim of this study was to rapidly isolate the major effective flavanoids from the extract of safflower（Carthamus tinctorius） using ODS medium pressure liquid chromatography（MPLC） and semi-preparative HPLC, guided by a developed fingerprint. Twelve compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as kaempferol 3-O-β-D-rutinoside（1）, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside（2）, rutin（3）, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside（4）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6,7-tri-O-β-D-glucoside（5）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside（6）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 6,7-di-O-β-D-glucoside（7）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3-O-β-Drutinoside（8）, 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6-di-O-β-D-glucosyl 7-O-β-D-glucuronide（9）, isosafflomin C（10）, safflomin C（11） and hydroxysafflor yellow A（12） by spectroscopic analysis and comparing with the literature. Our results demonstrated that preparative pressurized liquid chromatography combined with HPLC fingerprint guide is an efficient tool to isolate the target compounds quickly.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51175291)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(Grant No.2011Z02160)the State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy,Tsinghua University under the contract 2013XC-A-01
文摘A multi-grain phase field model coupled with thermodynamic calculation was adopted to describe the dendritic growth in pressurized solidification of Mg-A1 alloy during squeeze casting, in which the effects of the pressure on the Gibbs free energy and chemical potential of solid and liquid phases, the solute diffusion coefficient, and the solute partition coefficient were considered. The individual effect of solute diffusion coefficient, and the Gibbs free energy on the dendritic growth was studied. With the compar- ison of the dendritic growth under atmospheric and elevated pressures, the effect of pressure on the microstructure evolution was discussed. The results showed that the grains are refined, the dendritic growth rate tends to increase and the secondary dendrite arms are more developed as the pressure is increased from 0.1 to 100 MPa, which showed a good agreement with the experimental results of direct squeeze casting of Mg-AI alloy. As the pressure increases, the largest dendritic growth rate can be obtained under the pressure between 200 and 250 MPa, while the growth rate decreases with a further increase of pressure.
基金Project(DY135-B2-15)supported by China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D AssociationProject(2015ZX07205-003)supported by Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment,ChinaProjects(21176242,21176026)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘A novel method of extracting valuable metals from Ti-bearing blast furnace slag(TBBF slag)via pressure pyrolysis of recyclable ammonium sulfate(AS)−acid leaching process was proposed.The results show that when pressurized roasting at an AS-to-slag mass ratio 3:1 and 370℃for 90 min,the extraction rates of titanium,aluminum and magnesium reached 94.5%,91.9%and 97.4%,respectively.The acid leaching solution was subjected to re-crystallization in a boiling state to obtain a titanium product having a TiO2 content of 94.1%.The above crystallization mother liquor was adjusted to pH=6 and pH≥12.2,respectively,and then qualified Al2O3 and MgO products were obtained.The analysis through XRD and SEM−EDS proves that the main phases in roasted samples were NH4AlSO4,CaSO4 and TiOSO4.The thermodynamic analysis presents that the main minerals of perovskite,spinel and diopside in raw ore could spontaneously react with the intermediate produced by AS under optimal conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11675057)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2017ZD100)
文摘In resonance with the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident lesson, a novel fuel design to enhance safety regarding severe accident scenarios has become increasingly appreciated in the nuclear power industry. This research focuses on analysis of the neutronic properties of a silicon carbide(SiC) cladding fuel assembly, which provides a greater safety margin as a type of accident-tolerant fuel for pressurized water reactors. The general physical performance of SiC cladding is explored to ascertain its neutronic performance. The neutron spectrum, accumulation of ^(239)Pu, physical characteristics,temperature reactivity coefficient, and power distribution are analyzed. Furthermore, the influences of a burnable poison rod and enrichment are explored. SiC cladding assemblies show a softer neutron spectrum and flatter power distribution than conventional Zr alloy cladding fuel assemblies. Lower enrichment fuel is required when SiC cladding is adopted. However, the positive reactivity coefficient associated with the SiC material remains to be offset. The results reveal that SiC cladding assemblies show broad agreement with the neutronic performance of conventional Zr alloy cladding fuel. In the meantime, its unique physical characteristics can lead to improved safety and economy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51571204)the support of the Youth Scientific and Innovation Research Team for Advanced Surface Functional Materials(Southwest Petroleum University,No.2018CXTD06)the Young Scholars Development Found of Southwest Petroleum University(No.201899010040).
文摘Stress corrosion cracking(SCC) of an SA508-309 L/308 L–316 L dissimilar metal weld joint in primary pressurized water reactor environment was investigated by the interrupted slow strain rate tension tests following a microstructure characterization. The 308 L weld metal shows a higher content of δ ferrite than the 309 L weld metal. In addition, no obvious Cr-depletion but carbides precipitation at δ phase boundaries was observed in both 308 L and 309 L weld metals. The slow strain rate tension tests showed that the SCC susceptibility of the base and weld metals of the dissimilar metal weld joint follows the order of SA508 < 308 L weld metal < the heat affected zone of 316 L base metal < 309 L weld metal.The higher SCC susceptibility of 309 L weld metal than that of 308 L weld metal is likely due to the lower content of δ ferrite. In addition, a preferential SCC initiation in the 309 L weld metal adjacent to 308 L weld metal is attributed to few carbides in this region.
文摘We report the first application of pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy(PIPAC) as a rescue therapy before palliative D2 gastrectomy combined with liver metastasectomy performed in a 49-yearold woman with peritoneal carcinomatosis who was primarily diagnosed with and underwent surgery for a Krukenberg tumor. The PIPAC procedure was performed with the use of cisplatin at 7.5 mg/m2 and doxorubicin at 1.5 mg/m2 for 30 min at 37 ℃. Eight weeks after the PIPAC procedure, the patient underwent open classic D2 gastrectomy with the creation of a Roux-en-Y anastomosis(RNY) combined with liver metastasectomy. The patient underwent the classic protocol for chemotherapy combined with Xeloda. The patient felt better and returned to her daily activities. Multicenter data should be gathered to confirm the usefulness of PIPAC as a rescue or neoadjuvant supportive therapy in a very select group of patients who have been recently qualified to undergo classic chemotherapy or standard oncologic surgical procedures.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51702191,51802325 and U1510134)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(No.201901D111037)+3 种基金Scientific Research Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province,China(No.201901D211585)the Science and Technology Innovation Planning Project in Universities and Colleges of Shanxi Province of China(No.2019L0012)the Unveiling Bidding Projects of Shanxi Province,China(No.20191101008)the Shanxi“1331 Project”Key Innovative Research Team。
文摘The modified graphite anode materials have some prominent advantages over other anode materials in the industrial applications.A novel simple and gentle method is proposed to synthesize the mild expanded graphite microspheres(MEGMs) from flake graphite spheres through a combined modified pressurized oxidation combined with the microwave treatment.The microstructural results demonstrate that moderately expanded MEGMs with an expansion volume between 4 and 10 ml·g^(-1)exhibit a highly microporous structure with an enlarged interlayer spacing,a decreased microcrystalline size,as well as an increased number of functional groups on the surface,resulting in the increased storage sites and spaces for lithium ions and the enhanced diffusion rate of lithium ions.When used as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries,the MEGM-T75t30 obtained by oxidation treatment at 75℃ for 30 min followed by microwave irradiation for expansion displays a high reversible capacity of 446.7 mAh·g^(-1) at 100 mA·g^(-1) after 100 cycles and excellent rate performance(330 and 116 mAh·g^(-1) at 800 and 3200 mA·g^(-1),respectively).Therefore,the MEGMs prepared by this convenient and mild method show excellent electrochemical properties and good application potential.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11101023)the China Scholarship Council (No.201203070237)
文摘For a typical pressurized system with a novel dual-stage gas pressure reducing regulator,a system model is established with modular models of various typical components. The simulation study on the whole working period shows that the general trends and magnitudes of simulation curves are in agreement with experimental measured curves. As the key component in the pressurized system, the regulator is studied by a series of numerical simulations to reveal the influences of various structure parameters on its stability. Furthermore, the variable ranges which can guarantee the stability of regulator and system are obtained to provide guidance for design. The modeling and analysis approach can be applied to other systems and components.
基金supported by the Education Bureau of Zhejiang Province (No. 20070303)the National Key Science and Technology Project:Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2008ZX07101-006)
文摘Pressurized biochemical process derived from traditional activated sludge processes is an innovative technology for wastewater treatment. The main advantage of the pressurized process is that the oxygen transfer barrier can be overcome by increasing the dissolved oxygen level. In this study, high concentration pesticide wastewater was treated by pressurized activated sludge process. It was found that the removal of chemical oxygen demand （COD） increased steadily with the increase of operating pressure, aeration time, and sludge concentration. When the operation pressure was 0.30 MPa and the aeration time was 6 hr, 85.0%-92.5% COD, corresponding to an effluent COD of 230-370 mg/L, was removed from an influent COD of 2500-5000 mg/L. The obtained outlet COD concentration was lower than 350-450 mg/L for the identical process operated under the atmospheric pressure. In addition, pressurized biochemical process could produce a higher COD volumetric loading rate at 5.8-7.6 kg COD/（m^3.day）, compared with 2.0-2.8 kg COD/（ma.day） using the same equipment at the atmospheric pressure. The COD concentration followed a modified Monod model with Vmax 2.31 day-1 and Ks 487 mg/L.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1862116)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK201901001).
文摘The 7 wt%rare earth metal oxide promoted Ni-SiO_(2) catalysts of Ni-7Pr_(6)O_(11)-SiO_(2),Ni-7Nd_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2),and Ni-7Sm_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) were prepared by the complex-decomposition method,and were comparatively evaluated for pressurized carbon dioxide reforming of methane(CRM)under severe conditions of 750℃,1.0 MPa,CH_(4)/CO_(2)=1,and gas hourly space velocity of 53200 mL/(g·h).The addition of rare earth metal oxide does not affect the Ni dispersion,and all of the catalysts show similarly high Ni dispersion of16.0%±0.2%.As a result,all of the catalysts are highly active for pressurized CRM,the initial CH_(4) conversions of which approach the thermodynamic equilibrium(47.0%±0.2%).In contrast,a clearly favorable effect of the added rare earth metal oxide on the stability of Ni-SiO_(2)was revealed from the CRM results for a time-on-stream of 50 h,and the highest stability without an observable decrease in the conversions of CH_(4)and CO_(2)was obtained over Ni-7Sm_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2).Based on the characterization results of thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),the improved stability of Ni-7Pr_(6)O_(11)-SiO_(2),Ni-7Nd_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2),and Ni-7Sm_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)for pressurized CRM was manifested mainly as the suppressed formation of carbon nanotubes over the catalyst surface,the extent of which is dependent on the specific rare earth metal oxide.Moreover,the consecutive temperature programmed surface reaction of CH_(4),CO_(2),and O_(2)over Ni-7Sm_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)vigorously reveals that the addition of Sm_(2)O_(3)into Ni-SiO_(2)inhibits the CH_(4)decomposition but enhances the oxidization of the carbon species by CO_(2),leading to the well-balanced rates for forming and removing the coke over Ni-7Sm_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2).These findings are not only beneficial to deeply understanding the promotional effect of rare earth metal oxides on Ni-based catalysts for CRM,but also important for extending the application of the less studied rare earth metal oxides as promoters for the metalsupported catalysts.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (Grant No. 50335010)
文摘Externally pressurized spherical air bearings are the key component of the three-axis air bearing table, and the manufacturing errors of the bearing affects the performance of the air bearing table. However, the manufacturing errors are unavoidable, and the pursuit to enhance the manufacturing accuracy will increase the cost greatly. In order to provide some theoretical guideline for the tolerance choice in the design of the externally pressurized spherical air bearings with inherent compensation, the effects of several manufacturing errors on the static characteristics of the air bearing are studied. Due to the complex geometry of the computational domain, an unstructured meshing technology is used for mesh generation. A finite-volume method is adopted to discretize the three-dimensional steady-state compressible Navier-Stokes equations. A modified SIMPLE algorithm which is suitable for compressible flows is applied to solve the discretized governing equations. The effects of the dimension error and the roundness error of the ball head and the ball socket on the static characteristics are investigated. The investigation result shows that the positive dimension error and the oblate spheroid-type roundness error of the ball head as well as the negative dimension error and the prolate spheroid-type roundness error of the ball socket can improve the bearing capacity and static stiffness of the air bearings by reducing the mass flow. The calculation method proposed in this paper fits well for the general principle, which can be extended to the characteristics analysis of other air bearings.
基金financial support from the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No. 2008ZX05018)Taishan Scholar Constructive Engineering Foundation of Shandong province(No. ts20120518)
文摘A study of reaction mechanisms and chemical kinetics of pressurized pyrolysis of Chinese Liushuhe oil shale in the presence of water were conducted using an autoclave for simulating and modeling in-situ underground thermal degradation.It was found that the oil shale was first pyrolyzed to form pyrobitumen,shale oil,shale gas and residue,then the pyrobitumen was further pyrolyzed to form more shale oil,shale gas,and residue.It means that there are two consecutive and parallel reactions.With increasing temperature,the pyrobitumen yield,as intermediate,first reached a maximum,then decreased to approximately zero.The kinetics results show that both these reactions are first order.The activation energy of pyrobitumen formation from oil shale is lower than that of shale oil formation from pyrobitumen.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0600802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51736002)
文摘Nitrogen oxides are one of the most significant pollution sources during coal combustion. This experimental study was conducted in a 15 kWth lab-scale pressurized fluidized bed (inner diameter = 81-100 mm, H = 2100 mm) firing with bituminous coals. The effects of operating parameters, including bed temperature (800℃-900℃), operating pressure (0.1-0.4 MPa), excess air level (16%-30%) and flow pattern on NOX and N2O emissions were systematically studied during the tests. During each test the interaction effects of all the operating parameters were properly controlled. The results show that most operating parameters have an opposite effect on NOX and N2O emissions, and the N2O emissions mainly depend on the bed temperature. Increasing the operating pressure can significantly suppress the fuel-N conversion to NOX but enhance its conversion to N2O. With the rise of the excess air level and fluidization number, NOX emissions grow distinctly while N2O emissions remain almost unchanged. Total nitrogen oxide emissions increase with the bed temperature while decrease with the operating pressure.
基金The study is supported by NNSFC,grant No.20175010.
文摘A novel gradient pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) instrument was developed to separate peptides. Two gradient elution modes, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction mode in pCEC, were performed on this instrument. Baseline separation of six peptides was obtained on two gradient modes with C18 column and strong cationic exchange column respectively. The effects of mixer volume and total flow rate of pumps on resolution were also discussed.
