The relative potentials of either heartwood extracts (air dry extracts in 60 percent methanol) of very durable woods (Afzelia africana J.E. Smith; Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill & Perr.) Brenam. Syn. E guinensis ...The relative potentials of either heartwood extracts (air dry extracts in 60 percent methanol) of very durable woods (Afzelia africana J.E. Smith; Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill & Perr.) Brenam. Syn. E guinensis G.Don. or Milicia excelsa (Welw) C.C. Berg. Syn. Chlorophora excelsa (Welw) Benth.) or any of two proprietary wood preservatives (AWPA type 揅? Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) or 5 percent solution of AWPA Standard Designation P ??type 揅? Pentanchlorophenol (Penta) in light oil solvent) to suppress attack on pressure treated Antiaris toxicaria Lesch Sapwood by either any of three species of decaying fungi (Coridopsis Polyzona Klotzch; Lenzites trabea; or Trametes cingulata Fr.) under soil block exposure conditions were investigated and threshold values determined. Extract/preservative dosages were either 8.009; 24.778; 48.056; 96.111 or 144.167 kg穖-3 (0.5; 1.5; 3.0; 6.0 or 9.0 1b/ft3). Exposure was for either 14 or 28 weeks and in accordance with ASTM D1413 72 Provisions. Conclusions reached were that at threshold values the ability of either any of the heartwood extracts or proprietary wood preservatives to suppress attack under conditions in this study was significant at 0.01. Relative efficacy of those biocides was dependent on fungal species. Neither any of the heartwood extracts nor any of the proprietary wood preservatives (except in the case of Trametes cingulata attack on CCA treated wood at highest retention level) was able to confer 搗ery durable?rating on treated wood. Possible reasons for the reduced relative durability of extracts visa vis native heartwood were advanced. At the highest retention level (144.167 kg穖-3) there was no significant difference (at 0.05 level) between efficacy of each of the heartwood extracts and any of the proprietary wood preservatives (CCA or Penta).展开更多
AIMTo compare the conjunctival epithelial toxicities of three newer-generation fluoroquinolones without preservatives.METHODSIn a prospective, randomized, double blind comparative study, 47 eyes of 47 patients with a ...AIMTo compare the conjunctival epithelial toxicities of three newer-generation fluoroquinolones without preservatives.METHODSIn a prospective, randomized, double blind comparative study, 47 eyes of 47 patients with a primary pterygium were enrolled, and divided randomly into three groups (levofloxacin 0.5%, gatifloxacin 0.3%, and moxifloxacin 0.5%). After pterygium surgery with the same conjunctival autograft technique, each patient maintained a regimen with a randomly assigned fluoroquinolone eye drop. Patients were examined every other day after surgery until the epithelium had completely healed. Photos were taken and used to measure the area of residual epithelial defects. Conjunctival healing time and speed (initial defect area/healing time (mm<sup>2</sup>/d) compared in each group using Kruskal-Wallis tests.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in mean age, gender, and conjunctival defect size of the donor site between these groups. However, the mean of conjunctival healing time and speed were statistically different in each group. The mean of conjunctival epithelial healing time was 8.93±2.69d (levofloxacin group), 10.31±2.96d (gatifloxacin group), and 13.50±4.10d (moxifloxacin group), P=0.006. The mean conjuctival epithelial healing speed was 6.18±1.39 mm<sup>2</sup>/d (levofloxacin group), 5.52±1.68 mm<sup>2</sup>/d (gatifloxacin group), and 4.40±1.30 mm<sup>2</sup>/d (moxifloxacin group), P=0. 003.CONCLUSIONWithout the influence of preservatives, levofloxacin and gatifloxacin might be less toxic to the regeneration of conjunctival epithelial cells and cause a faster conjunctival wound healing relative to moxifloxacin.展开更多
Copper-based pesticides and wood preservatives could end up in the environment during production,use,and end-of-life via different pathways that could cause unintended ecolog-ical and adverse health effects.This paper...Copper-based pesticides and wood preservatives could end up in the environment during production,use,and end-of-life via different pathways that could cause unintended ecolog-ical and adverse health effects.This paper provides the effect of colloid-size Cu-based pesti-cides(CuPRO and Kocide),micronized Cu azole(MCA-1 and MCA-2)and alkaline Cu quater-nary(ACQ)treated woods,Cu^(2+),Cu^(2+) spiked untreated wood(UTW),and CuCO_(3) solutions against Gram-positive Bacillus species using five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD 5)stan-dard test.The total Cu leached from MCA-1,MCA-2,and ACQ in Milli-Q water after 5 days were -0.1,-0.11,and -0.64 g/kg of wood,respectively.However,the form of Cu leached from MCA woods was mostly ionic(>90%).The total organic carbon(TOC)content of any tested wood(UTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ)was -99%of its corresponding total carbon(TC)content,whereas the TOC of any tested wood sawdust exceeded that of its corresponding piece/block by>300%.The dissolved oxygen(DO)consumption value in the presence of Cu^(2+),CuCO_(3),CuPRO,and Kocide solutions was significantly influenced by Cu particles/ions.However,the DO consumption value in the presence of UTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ woods was significantly influenced by organics leached from woods.On the other hand,the DO consumption of MCA sawdust was greater than(300%)that of MCA pieces/block.The findings of this study provide more insight into how organics leached from woods significantly reduce the toxic effects of Cu ions against Gram-positive Bacillus species.展开更多
Benzoic acid （BA）, methylparaben （MP）, propylparaben （PP） and sorbic acid （SA） are food preservatives, and they have well defined UV spectra. However, their spectra overlap seriously, and it is difficult to de...Benzoic acid （BA）, methylparaben （MP）, propylparaben （PP） and sorbic acid （SA） are food preservatives, and they have well defined UV spectra. However, their spectra overlap seriously, and it is difficult to determine them individually from their mixtures without preseparation. In this paper, seven different chemometric approaches were applied to resolve the overlapping spectra and to determine these compounds simultaneously. With respect to the criteria of % relative prediction error （RPE） and % recovery, principal component regression （PCR） and radial basis function-artificial neural network （RBF-ANN） were the preferred methods. These two methods were successfully applied to the analysis of some commercial samples.展开更多
Inhibition of spoilage mold of common contaminant of bakery goods in modal agar system by potassium sorbate and calcium propionate in wide range of concentration (0 - 2000 ppm) at different pH (5.5 - 7) was investigat...Inhibition of spoilage mold of common contaminant of bakery goods in modal agar system by potassium sorbate and calcium propionate in wide range of concentration (0 - 2000 ppm) at different pH (5.5 - 7) was investigated. All Samples were examined daily for mold growth. Results showed that both potassium sorbate and calcium propionate can be used effectively to inhibit mold growth and the effectiveness of these preservatives is enhanced by increasing the concentration and decreasing the pH. The effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) comprised of 60% or 80% CO2 (balance N2) and oxygen absorbents on the growth of mold was also studied on the agar system. The results indicated that mold growth was prevented up to 42 days in packs flushed with 60% or 80% CO2 (balance N2). It was also evident that all samples did not show mold growth for >40 days when packaged in the presence of oxygen scavenger sachet.展开更多
The preservation effects of 9 kinds of preservatives were discussed in this paper. And their effects on ornamental quality of cut Ranunculus asiaticus were in-vestigated. The results showed arranging cut Ranunculus as...The preservation effects of 9 kinds of preservatives were discussed in this paper. And their effects on ornamental quality of cut Ranunculus asiaticus were in-vestigated. The results showed arranging cut Ranunculus asiaticus in a vase fil ed with 200 mg/L 8-HQC＋1% sucrose＋75 mg/L AgNO3 would effectively slow down the weight loss, promote the rise of flower diameter, prolong life and maintain the chlorophyl and anthocyanin content of cut flower. The preservative had a good fresh-keeping effect and was suitable for promotion in actual production.展开更多
Tannins and wood preservatives,in this article,are briefly introduced at beginning.The research and application progress on tannin resins for wood preservatives at home and abroad are reviewed.The significance and dev...Tannins and wood preservatives,in this article,are briefly introduced at beginning.The research and application progress on tannin resins for wood preservatives at home and abroad are reviewed.The significance and development prospects of research on tannins for wood preservatives are prospected.展开更多
This study investigated the growth situation of Listeria monocytogenes on chilled pork and the effect of herbal preservatives on this pathogen. The inhibitions of herbal preservatives were identified. The minimum inhi...This study investigated the growth situation of Listeria monocytogenes on chilled pork and the effect of herbal preservatives on this pathogen. The inhibitions of herbal preservatives were identified. The minimum inhibitory concentrations （MIC） of cinnamon and clove were all 0.79 mg.mL^-1, while the rosemary was 1.58 mg.mL^-1. And the composite herbal preservatives were got through orthogonal experiment. The optimum proportion was as following on agar medium： 1.16 mg.mL^-1 cinnamon＋2.38 mg. mL^-1 rosemary＋3.17 mg. mLl clove （herb combination number 5）, while on chilled pork, the strong inhibition of L. monocytogenes was showed, which demonstrated that the surface application of herb combination resulted in an effective delay of L. monocytogenes growth.展开更多
Microalgae are a potential source for various valuable chemicals for commercial applications ranging from nutraceuticals to fuels. This review aims to focus on microalgal as preservative potential to food chain. The m...Microalgae are a potential source for various valuable chemicals for commercial applications ranging from nutraceuticals to fuels. This review aims to focus on microalgal as preservative potential to food chain. The main compounds responsible for these properties, like carotenoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidant vitamins, sterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids are discussed because microalgae can be cultivated under controlled conditions to improve their production. We have listed several studies performed in recent years supporting the health benefits that most of these compounds can provide. Therefore, they may represent an excellent source of preservatives in food chain once their safety as a food supplement has been also confirmed.展开更多
Chemical preservatives in foods are nowadays added at lower concentrations. However, this may allow survival of bacterial cells and induce increased resistance to various preservatives. In this study, the effects of g...Chemical preservatives in foods are nowadays added at lower concentrations. However, this may allow survival of bacterial cells and induce increased resistance to various preservatives. In this study, the effects of growth in NaCl (10% or 15%) on survival of Staphylococcus aureus strains in various chemical and physical preservatives were investigated. Growth of the strains for 20 h at 37°C in nutrient broth containing 10% NaCl enhanced survival in chemical preservatives (e.g. nutrient broth containing 20% NaCl, or 0.3% thyme extract, or 0.1% ascorbic acid). Growth at 37°C for 20 h in nutrient broth containing 15% NaCl or for 5 d in nutrient broth containing 10% NaCl greatly enhanced survival of the strains in the tested preservatives. For survival at low temperature (5°C) (physical preservative), cells grown at 37°C for 20 h in nutrient broth containing 10% NaCl were not more tolerant to low temperature. Growth of the strains at 37°C for 20 h in nutrient broth containing 15% NaCl or for 5 d in nutrient broth containing 10% NaCl only slightly increased the survival of cells at low temperature.展开更多
Formaldehyde donor preservatives are under debate because formaldehyde at high concentration is known to the public as a toxic substance to humans and the environment, inducing mutation in living organisms. Chemical m...Formaldehyde donor preservatives are under debate because formaldehyde at high concentration is known to the public as a toxic substance to humans and the environment, inducing mutation in living organisms. Chemical methods, such as using acetylacetone （Nash reagent）, are commonly used to determine total formaldehyde concentration in cosmetics. However, these methods will perturb the equilibrium between formaldehyde and formaldehyde donor. A new method, based on C-13 NMR, not perturbing the equilibrium and more suitable for formaldehyde measurement, is reviewed. This review describes the background, distinction, and applications of formaldehyde and formaldehyde donor in cosmetics.展开更多
The safety and antimicrobial efficacy of Ethyl lauroyl arginate HCI while using as a preservative have been introduced. Meanwhile the antimicrobial mechanism, the minimal inhibitory concentration and the stability to ...The safety and antimicrobial efficacy of Ethyl lauroyl arginate HCI while using as a preservative have been introduced. Meanwhile the antimicrobial mechanism, the minimal inhibitory concentration and the stability to heat and pH range of ethyl lauroyl arginate HCI have been introduced. The new preservatives have been developed, they are the compounds containing ethyl lauroyl arginate HCI. The high efficacy of antimicrobial of Ethyl lauroyl arginate HCI series products ha been described while added into the formulations of amino acid shampoo and toner. It has been proved that ethyl lauroyl arginate HCI series products can be the optimized option for the alternative of traditional preservatives for cosmetic products.展开更多
The amount of CCA fixed in the southern pine treated with CCA have been eval-uated.The conclusions from these experiments are:with the timber density increases,the reten-tion based on weight/weight will decrease,but t...The amount of CCA fixed in the southern pine treated with CCA have been eval-uated.The conclusions from these experiments are:with the timber density increases,the reten-tion based on weight/weight will decrease,but the retention based on weight/volume will bealmost constant.Retention by weight would be more influential than by volume.展开更多
In vitro skin sensitization testing methods based on the adverse outcome pathway(AOP)were used to evaluate the skin sensitization potencies of 5 commonly used preservatives.According to the“2 out of 3”principle of t...In vitro skin sensitization testing methods based on the adverse outcome pathway(AOP)were used to evaluate the skin sensitization potencies of 5 commonly used preservatives.According to the“2 out of 3”principle of the integrated approaches to testing and assessment(IATA)the direct peptide reactivity assay(DPRA)and the human cell line activation test(h-CLAT)were used to detect the preservatives commonly used in cosmetics,including phenoxyethanol.methyl paraben,propyl paraben,imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin.The DPRA and the h-CLA were carried out according to the OEC442C and 442E guidelines,respectively.The results show that.phenoxyethanol and methyl paraben are both negative in DPRA and h-CLAT while imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin are both positive in these two tests.Propyl paraben has negative result in DPRA but positive result in h-CLAT.Therefore,imidazolidiny urea and DMDM hydantoin are sensitizers,while phenoxyethanol and methylparaben are non-sensitizers.Taken animal and human data into consideration,it is predicted that propyl paraben should be a non-sensitizer.The combination of DPRA and h-CLAT can make up for the limitations of using a single method,and it is suitable for the preliminary screening of cosmetic raw materials according to skin sensitization.展开更多
In order to study adsorption of preservatives by eyeliner pen package,the chemical compositions of the commercially available Eyeliner package were analyzed by infrared spectrometer.It was found that these package com...In order to study adsorption of preservatives by eyeliner pen package,the chemical compositions of the commercially available Eyeliner package were analyzed by infrared spectrometer.It was found that these package components were PP,PET,modified PP,modified PET,ABS,nylon,PU and so on.The adsorption effects of these components on three preservatives,i.e.phenoxyethanol,Methyl paraben and Propyl paraben have been further studied by high performance liquid chromatography.The results demonstrated that the four chemical materials PET,PP,modified PP and ABS had no adsorption on the above three preservatives.However,the component named of water diversion core which was composed of modified PET,and nylon-made cotton head have been observed of slight adsorption in this study.And components as the function of preventing liquid leakage,which was made of PU,have presented the most serious adsorption on these three preservatives,with the adsorption order as Propyl Paraben>Methyl Paraben>phenoxyethanol.展开更多
To investigate the productions of biogenic amines(BAs)in Pacific white shrimp treated by compound preservatives(P,0.05 g/L quercetin,0.025 g/L 4-hexylresorcinol,and 0.025 g/L cinnamic acid)in combination with modified...To investigate the productions of biogenic amines(BAs)in Pacific white shrimp treated by compound preservatives(P,0.05 g/L quercetin,0.025 g/L 4-hexylresorcinol,and 0.025 g/L cinnamic acid)in combination with modified atmosphere packaging(M,80% CO_(2)/10% O_(2)/10% N_(2)),four groups of samples treated with or without preservatives and alone or in combination with modified atmosphere packaging(A,A+P,M,M+P)during storage at 4℃for 12 days were analyzed.Most BAs increased in all samples,especially,putrescine and cadaverine.MAP inhibited the increase of most BAs(except for tyramine)and psychrotrophic bacterial counts.The inhibitory effect of the compound preservatives on bacterial growth and BAs was limited in aerobically-and MAP-stored samples,but they retarded the production of tyramine,which accumulated more rapidly in MAP.Lowest total BAs and bacterial counts were found in sample M+P(78.3 mg/kg and 5.82 log cfu/g,day 12),indicating that the combined treatment of the preservatives and MAP could reduce the risk of disorders caused by BAs.展开更多
Contamination of meats and meat products by pathogenic microorganisms is responsible for a significant percentage of outbreaks of foodborne illness.There are also concerns over the carcinogenic potential of dietary ni...Contamination of meats and meat products by pathogenic microorganisms is responsible for a significant percentage of outbreaks of foodborne illness.There are also concerns over the carcinogenic potential of dietary nitrate and nitrite in processed meat products.The past few decades have seen an extensive search for novel technologies alternative to synthetic chemical preservatives to reduce the level of contamination of foods by pathogenic and spoilage microbes.This review provides a general overview of natural preservatives with potential applications in the meat industry,including phages and their endolysins,bacteriocins,microbial lipopeptides,antimicrobial peptides of plant or insect origin,and essential oils or extracts of plant origins.Instead of providing summary data from the published literature,we attempt to elaborate the challenges facing the development of novel natural preservatives as antimicrobial hurdles,taking into consideration the sharp contrast between extensive studies in this particular field and very limited industrial use.More specifically,we emphasize the great importance of having streamlined approaches and methodological guidelines in the research and development of natural preservatives so that the journey to their industrial use for safer meats and meat products could be shortened or made easier.展开更多
According to AWPA E11-2006 standard,copper fixation rates of several copper-based formulations,such as ammoniacal copper,amine copper,and ammoniacal-ethanolamine copper,as well as alkaline copper quaternary(ACQ),were ...According to AWPA E11-2006 standard,copper fixation rates of several copper-based formulations,such as ammoniacal copper,amine copper,and ammoniacal-ethanolamine copper,as well as alkaline copper quaternary(ACQ),were tested and compared in this paper.And the fixation rates of tebuconazole(TEB) and propiconazole(PPZ) in several formulations,such as copper azole,emulsified type and solvent type,were also compared.The determination of copper content in the leachate was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrom...展开更多
The corrosive rates of 4 types of metals as well as epoxy-coated metal in a variety of preservatives derived from different copper sources and ingredients were measured in this paper.The main results show that:CCA is ...The corrosive rates of 4 types of metals as well as epoxy-coated metal in a variety of preservatives derived from different copper sources and ingredients were measured in this paper.The main results show that:CCA is less corrosive to red brass and Q235A steel than other copper formulations;Copper-based preservatives such as ACQ and CuAz derived from basic cupric carbonate or cupric hydroxide are much less corrosive to Q235A steel than those from cupric sulfate;Ethanolamine is less corrosive to Q235A steel than ammonia in ACQ derived from cupric hydroxide,while other ingredients are the same;Epoxy resin coating could be used for protecting red brass,Q235A steel and zinc hot-dipped galvanized mild steel from corrosion.展开更多
文摘The relative potentials of either heartwood extracts (air dry extracts in 60 percent methanol) of very durable woods (Afzelia africana J.E. Smith; Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill & Perr.) Brenam. Syn. E guinensis G.Don. or Milicia excelsa (Welw) C.C. Berg. Syn. Chlorophora excelsa (Welw) Benth.) or any of two proprietary wood preservatives (AWPA type 揅? Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) or 5 percent solution of AWPA Standard Designation P ??type 揅? Pentanchlorophenol (Penta) in light oil solvent) to suppress attack on pressure treated Antiaris toxicaria Lesch Sapwood by either any of three species of decaying fungi (Coridopsis Polyzona Klotzch; Lenzites trabea; or Trametes cingulata Fr.) under soil block exposure conditions were investigated and threshold values determined. Extract/preservative dosages were either 8.009; 24.778; 48.056; 96.111 or 144.167 kg穖-3 (0.5; 1.5; 3.0; 6.0 or 9.0 1b/ft3). Exposure was for either 14 or 28 weeks and in accordance with ASTM D1413 72 Provisions. Conclusions reached were that at threshold values the ability of either any of the heartwood extracts or proprietary wood preservatives to suppress attack under conditions in this study was significant at 0.01. Relative efficacy of those biocides was dependent on fungal species. Neither any of the heartwood extracts nor any of the proprietary wood preservatives (except in the case of Trametes cingulata attack on CCA treated wood at highest retention level) was able to confer 搗ery durable?rating on treated wood. Possible reasons for the reduced relative durability of extracts visa vis native heartwood were advanced. At the highest retention level (144.167 kg穖-3) there was no significant difference (at 0.05 level) between efficacy of each of the heartwood extracts and any of the proprietary wood preservatives (CCA or Penta).
文摘AIMTo compare the conjunctival epithelial toxicities of three newer-generation fluoroquinolones without preservatives.METHODSIn a prospective, randomized, double blind comparative study, 47 eyes of 47 patients with a primary pterygium were enrolled, and divided randomly into three groups (levofloxacin 0.5%, gatifloxacin 0.3%, and moxifloxacin 0.5%). After pterygium surgery with the same conjunctival autograft technique, each patient maintained a regimen with a randomly assigned fluoroquinolone eye drop. Patients were examined every other day after surgery until the epithelium had completely healed. Photos were taken and used to measure the area of residual epithelial defects. Conjunctival healing time and speed (initial defect area/healing time (mm<sup>2</sup>/d) compared in each group using Kruskal-Wallis tests.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in mean age, gender, and conjunctival defect size of the donor site between these groups. However, the mean of conjunctival healing time and speed were statistically different in each group. The mean of conjunctival epithelial healing time was 8.93±2.69d (levofloxacin group), 10.31±2.96d (gatifloxacin group), and 13.50±4.10d (moxifloxacin group), P=0.006. The mean conjuctival epithelial healing speed was 6.18±1.39 mm<sup>2</sup>/d (levofloxacin group), 5.52±1.68 mm<sup>2</sup>/d (gatifloxacin group), and 4.40±1.30 mm<sup>2</sup>/d (moxifloxacin group), P=0. 003.CONCLUSIONWithout the influence of preservatives, levofloxacin and gatifloxacin might be less toxic to the regeneration of conjunctival epithelial cells and cause a faster conjunctival wound healing relative to moxifloxacin.
文摘Copper-based pesticides and wood preservatives could end up in the environment during production,use,and end-of-life via different pathways that could cause unintended ecolog-ical and adverse health effects.This paper provides the effect of colloid-size Cu-based pesti-cides(CuPRO and Kocide),micronized Cu azole(MCA-1 and MCA-2)and alkaline Cu quater-nary(ACQ)treated woods,Cu^(2+),Cu^(2+) spiked untreated wood(UTW),and CuCO_(3) solutions against Gram-positive Bacillus species using five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD 5)stan-dard test.The total Cu leached from MCA-1,MCA-2,and ACQ in Milli-Q water after 5 days were -0.1,-0.11,and -0.64 g/kg of wood,respectively.However,the form of Cu leached from MCA woods was mostly ionic(>90%).The total organic carbon(TOC)content of any tested wood(UTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ)was -99%of its corresponding total carbon(TC)content,whereas the TOC of any tested wood sawdust exceeded that of its corresponding piece/block by>300%.The dissolved oxygen(DO)consumption value in the presence of Cu^(2+),CuCO_(3),CuPRO,and Kocide solutions was significantly influenced by Cu particles/ions.However,the DO consumption value in the presence of UTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ woods was significantly influenced by organics leached from woods.On the other hand,the DO consumption of MCA sawdust was greater than(300%)that of MCA pieces/block.The findings of this study provide more insight into how organics leached from woods significantly reduce the toxic effects of Cu ions against Gram-positive Bacillus species.
基金the financial support of this study by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20562009)the State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Nanchang University(No.SKLF-TS-200819 and -MB-200807)+1 种基金the Jiangxi Province Natural Science Foundation(No.JXNSF0620041)the program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities(No.IRT0540).
文摘Benzoic acid （BA）, methylparaben （MP）, propylparaben （PP） and sorbic acid （SA） are food preservatives, and they have well defined UV spectra. However, their spectra overlap seriously, and it is difficult to determine them individually from their mixtures without preseparation. In this paper, seven different chemometric approaches were applied to resolve the overlapping spectra and to determine these compounds simultaneously. With respect to the criteria of % relative prediction error （RPE） and % recovery, principal component regression （PCR） and radial basis function-artificial neural network （RBF-ANN） were the preferred methods. These two methods were successfully applied to the analysis of some commercial samples.
文摘Inhibition of spoilage mold of common contaminant of bakery goods in modal agar system by potassium sorbate and calcium propionate in wide range of concentration (0 - 2000 ppm) at different pH (5.5 - 7) was investigated. All Samples were examined daily for mold growth. Results showed that both potassium sorbate and calcium propionate can be used effectively to inhibit mold growth and the effectiveness of these preservatives is enhanced by increasing the concentration and decreasing the pH. The effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) comprised of 60% or 80% CO2 (balance N2) and oxygen absorbents on the growth of mold was also studied on the agar system. The results indicated that mold growth was prevented up to 42 days in packs flushed with 60% or 80% CO2 (balance N2). It was also evident that all samples did not show mold growth for >40 days when packaged in the presence of oxygen scavenger sachet.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Province 333 High-level Personnel Training Project~~
文摘The preservation effects of 9 kinds of preservatives were discussed in this paper. And their effects on ornamental quality of cut Ranunculus asiaticus were in-vestigated. The results showed arranging cut Ranunculus asiaticus in a vase fil ed with 200 mg/L 8-HQC＋1% sucrose＋75 mg/L AgNO3 would effectively slow down the weight loss, promote the rise of flower diameter, prolong life and maintain the chlorophyl and anthocyanin content of cut flower. The preservative had a good fresh-keeping effect and was suitable for promotion in actual production.
基金This work was supported by the Programs of the Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2017FB060)Key research and development plan of the 13th five-year plan(2017YFD0600803)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(31760187)The authors also highly appreciate“Yunnan Provincial Reserve Talents for Middle&Young Academic and Technical Leaders(2019HB026)”and“Ten-thousand Program”-youth talent support program.
文摘Tannins and wood preservatives,in this article,are briefly introduced at beginning.The research and application progress on tannin resins for wood preservatives at home and abroad are reviewed.The significance and development prospects of research on tannins for wood preservatives are prospected.
基金the Student Abroad Foundation of Harbin (RC2006LX020003)
文摘This study investigated the growth situation of Listeria monocytogenes on chilled pork and the effect of herbal preservatives on this pathogen. The inhibitions of herbal preservatives were identified. The minimum inhibitory concentrations （MIC） of cinnamon and clove were all 0.79 mg.mL^-1, while the rosemary was 1.58 mg.mL^-1. And the composite herbal preservatives were got through orthogonal experiment. The optimum proportion was as following on agar medium： 1.16 mg.mL^-1 cinnamon＋2.38 mg. mL^-1 rosemary＋3.17 mg. mLl clove （herb combination number 5）, while on chilled pork, the strong inhibition of L. monocytogenes was showed, which demonstrated that the surface application of herb combination resulted in an effective delay of L. monocytogenes growth.
文摘Microalgae are a potential source for various valuable chemicals for commercial applications ranging from nutraceuticals to fuels. This review aims to focus on microalgal as preservative potential to food chain. The main compounds responsible for these properties, like carotenoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidant vitamins, sterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids are discussed because microalgae can be cultivated under controlled conditions to improve their production. We have listed several studies performed in recent years supporting the health benefits that most of these compounds can provide. Therefore, they may represent an excellent source of preservatives in food chain once their safety as a food supplement has been also confirmed.
文摘Chemical preservatives in foods are nowadays added at lower concentrations. However, this may allow survival of bacterial cells and induce increased resistance to various preservatives. In this study, the effects of growth in NaCl (10% or 15%) on survival of Staphylococcus aureus strains in various chemical and physical preservatives were investigated. Growth of the strains for 20 h at 37°C in nutrient broth containing 10% NaCl enhanced survival in chemical preservatives (e.g. nutrient broth containing 20% NaCl, or 0.3% thyme extract, or 0.1% ascorbic acid). Growth at 37°C for 20 h in nutrient broth containing 15% NaCl or for 5 d in nutrient broth containing 10% NaCl greatly enhanced survival of the strains in the tested preservatives. For survival at low temperature (5°C) (physical preservative), cells grown at 37°C for 20 h in nutrient broth containing 10% NaCl were not more tolerant to low temperature. Growth of the strains at 37°C for 20 h in nutrient broth containing 15% NaCl or for 5 d in nutrient broth containing 10% NaCl only slightly increased the survival of cells at low temperature.
文摘Formaldehyde donor preservatives are under debate because formaldehyde at high concentration is known to the public as a toxic substance to humans and the environment, inducing mutation in living organisms. Chemical methods, such as using acetylacetone （Nash reagent）, are commonly used to determine total formaldehyde concentration in cosmetics. However, these methods will perturb the equilibrium between formaldehyde and formaldehyde donor. A new method, based on C-13 NMR, not perturbing the equilibrium and more suitable for formaldehyde measurement, is reviewed. This review describes the background, distinction, and applications of formaldehyde and formaldehyde donor in cosmetics.
文摘The safety and antimicrobial efficacy of Ethyl lauroyl arginate HCI while using as a preservative have been introduced. Meanwhile the antimicrobial mechanism, the minimal inhibitory concentration and the stability to heat and pH range of ethyl lauroyl arginate HCI have been introduced. The new preservatives have been developed, they are the compounds containing ethyl lauroyl arginate HCI. The high efficacy of antimicrobial of Ethyl lauroyl arginate HCI series products ha been described while added into the formulations of amino acid shampoo and toner. It has been proved that ethyl lauroyl arginate HCI series products can be the optimized option for the alternative of traditional preservatives for cosmetic products.
文摘The amount of CCA fixed in the southern pine treated with CCA have been eval-uated.The conclusions from these experiments are:with the timber density increases,the reten-tion based on weight/weight will decrease,but the retention based on weight/volume will bealmost constant.Retention by weight would be more influential than by volume.
文摘In vitro skin sensitization testing methods based on the adverse outcome pathway(AOP)were used to evaluate the skin sensitization potencies of 5 commonly used preservatives.According to the“2 out of 3”principle of the integrated approaches to testing and assessment(IATA)the direct peptide reactivity assay(DPRA)and the human cell line activation test(h-CLAT)were used to detect the preservatives commonly used in cosmetics,including phenoxyethanol.methyl paraben,propyl paraben,imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin.The DPRA and the h-CLA were carried out according to the OEC442C and 442E guidelines,respectively.The results show that.phenoxyethanol and methyl paraben are both negative in DPRA and h-CLAT while imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin are both positive in these two tests.Propyl paraben has negative result in DPRA but positive result in h-CLAT.Therefore,imidazolidiny urea and DMDM hydantoin are sensitizers,while phenoxyethanol and methylparaben are non-sensitizers.Taken animal and human data into consideration,it is predicted that propyl paraben should be a non-sensitizer.The combination of DPRA and h-CLAT can make up for the limitations of using a single method,and it is suitable for the preliminary screening of cosmetic raw materials according to skin sensitization.
文摘In order to study adsorption of preservatives by eyeliner pen package,the chemical compositions of the commercially available Eyeliner package were analyzed by infrared spectrometer.It was found that these package components were PP,PET,modified PP,modified PET,ABS,nylon,PU and so on.The adsorption effects of these components on three preservatives,i.e.phenoxyethanol,Methyl paraben and Propyl paraben have been further studied by high performance liquid chromatography.The results demonstrated that the four chemical materials PET,PP,modified PP and ABS had no adsorption on the above three preservatives.However,the component named of water diversion core which was composed of modified PET,and nylon-made cotton head have been observed of slight adsorption in this study.And components as the function of preventing liquid leakage,which was made of PU,have presented the most serious adsorption on these three preservatives,with the adsorption order as Propyl Paraben>Methyl Paraben>phenoxyethanol.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501551)National“13th Five-Year”Key Research and Development Program for Science and Technology Support(2016YFD0400106)+1 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Key Project on Agriculture from Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Commission((2016)1-1)Shanghai Engineering Research Center Construction Special Fund from Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(16DZ2280300).
文摘To investigate the productions of biogenic amines(BAs)in Pacific white shrimp treated by compound preservatives(P,0.05 g/L quercetin,0.025 g/L 4-hexylresorcinol,and 0.025 g/L cinnamic acid)in combination with modified atmosphere packaging(M,80% CO_(2)/10% O_(2)/10% N_(2)),four groups of samples treated with or without preservatives and alone or in combination with modified atmosphere packaging(A,A+P,M,M+P)during storage at 4℃for 12 days were analyzed.Most BAs increased in all samples,especially,putrescine and cadaverine.MAP inhibited the increase of most BAs(except for tyramine)and psychrotrophic bacterial counts.The inhibitory effect of the compound preservatives on bacterial growth and BAs was limited in aerobically-and MAP-stored samples,but they retarded the production of tyramine,which accumulated more rapidly in MAP.Lowest total BAs and bacterial counts were found in sample M+P(78.3 mg/kg and 5.82 log cfu/g,day 12),indicating that the combined treatment of the preservatives and MAP could reduce the risk of disorders caused by BAs.
基金sponsored in part by the National Program on Key Research Project of China(No.2019YFE0103900)the Zhejiang Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Key Project(No.2022S006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172849).
文摘Contamination of meats and meat products by pathogenic microorganisms is responsible for a significant percentage of outbreaks of foodborne illness.There are also concerns over the carcinogenic potential of dietary nitrate and nitrite in processed meat products.The past few decades have seen an extensive search for novel technologies alternative to synthetic chemical preservatives to reduce the level of contamination of foods by pathogenic and spoilage microbes.This review provides a general overview of natural preservatives with potential applications in the meat industry,including phages and their endolysins,bacteriocins,microbial lipopeptides,antimicrobial peptides of plant or insect origin,and essential oils or extracts of plant origins.Instead of providing summary data from the published literature,we attempt to elaborate the challenges facing the development of novel natural preservatives as antimicrobial hurdles,taking into consideration the sharp contrast between extensive studies in this particular field and very limited industrial use.More specifically,we emphasize the great importance of having streamlined approaches and methodological guidelines in the research and development of natural preservatives so that the journey to their industrial use for safer meats and meat products could be shortened or made easier.
基金supported by The 11th Five-year Plan(under code 2006BAD18B09)The "948" Project(under code 2006-4-95)
文摘According to AWPA E11-2006 standard,copper fixation rates of several copper-based formulations,such as ammoniacal copper,amine copper,and ammoniacal-ethanolamine copper,as well as alkaline copper quaternary(ACQ),were tested and compared in this paper.And the fixation rates of tebuconazole(TEB) and propiconazole(PPZ) in several formulations,such as copper azole,emulsified type and solvent type,were also compared.The determination of copper content in the leachate was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrom...
文摘The corrosive rates of 4 types of metals as well as epoxy-coated metal in a variety of preservatives derived from different copper sources and ingredients were measured in this paper.The main results show that:CCA is less corrosive to red brass and Q235A steel than other copper formulations;Copper-based preservatives such as ACQ and CuAz derived from basic cupric carbonate or cupric hydroxide are much less corrosive to Q235A steel than those from cupric sulfate;Ethanolamine is less corrosive to Q235A steel than ammonia in ACQ derived from cupric hydroxide,while other ingredients are the same;Epoxy resin coating could be used for protecting red brass,Q235A steel and zinc hot-dipped galvanized mild steel from corrosion.
