It is proved that the treatment with white mulch and black thin films per- formed the best in terms of heat preservation in cultivation of strawberry with shelves. In winter, drip irrigation performed significantly in...It is proved that the treatment with white mulch and black thin films per- formed the best in terms of heat preservation in cultivation of strawberry with shelves. In winter, drip irrigation performed significantly in transporting hot water through solar energy. The combination of the two methods resolved the issue of heat preservation difficulty and guaranteed growth of strawberry in winter.展开更多
Due to extensive harvesting,the ecological environment of Dendrobium officinale has been destroyed,and there are very few wild D.officinale today.As the tissue culture technology of D.officinale continues to mature,th...Due to extensive harvesting,the ecological environment of Dendrobium officinale has been destroyed,and there are very few wild D.officinale today.As the tissue culture technology of D.officinale continues to mature,there are more and more imitation,wild cultivation,greenhouse cultivation and other large-scale production of D.officinale to meet the market demand,but the storage and preservation of fresh products is a big problem.The existing problems in storage of D.officinale and its preservation technology are discussed,so as to provide some reference for the storage and preservation of D.officinale fresh products.展开更多
In a fruit wholesale shop,a fruiterer needs to maintain huge inventory of different ranges of fruit items for customers because of uncertainty in consumer preferences and behaviour.But demand of them may differ and di...In a fruit wholesale shop,a fruiterer needs to maintain huge inventory of different ranges of fruit items for customers because of uncertainty in consumer preferences and behaviour.But demand of them may differ and different EOQ models for each item are required for optimal level of EOQ.This paper presents a single inventory model to assimilate these varieties.It is assumed that many fruit items bear constant rate of deterioration,some are with time proportional deterioration and some do not deteriorate.To control deterioration of the units in inventory,the advanced preservation technology is considered.The proposed single inventory model of this paper incorporates composite and heterogeneous features of multiple items and presents analysis for obtaining optimal level for output model parameters.展开更多
This paper presents an inventory model with a constant rate of deterioration of the product,and shortages are allowed at the end of the cycle.The stock-dependent and price-sensitive demand have been considered with a ...This paper presents an inventory model with a constant rate of deterioration of the product,and shortages are allowed at the end of the cycle.The stock-dependent and price-sensitive demand have been considered with a policy of providing price discount to uplift the market demand.Preservation technology is applied to preserve the items from deterioration.The objective of this model is to maximize the total profit function by finding the optimal replenishment time,the optimal preservation technology investment and the optimal quantity.Next,we have shown that the total profit is a concave function of the replenishment time and preservation technology cost.Discount in pricing may be offered at a time of festival,season breaks down,lockdown and clearance of stock,before introducing a new product with up-gradations,etc.Numerical examples and graphical analysis are provided to explain the model.The discount policy could help any business organizations for smooth running of the business and obtain respective optimal profit.展开更多
In a wholesale shop,the retailer is required to keep an inventory of various ranges of a product due to uncertainty in consumer preferences and behavior.Different Economic Order Quantity(EOQ)models for each variety of...In a wholesale shop,the retailer is required to keep an inventory of various ranges of a product due to uncertainty in consumer preferences and behavior.Different Economic Order Quantity(EOQ)models for each variety of a product are needed for optimum level of inventory.EOQ model decides how much stock a shopkeeper has to store,according to demand and deterioration of different items to optimize the inventory policy of multiple products.Items like fashion,food,vegetables,pharmaceuticals,etc.,deteriorate in the retailer’s warehouse during storage.An investment is required in preservation technology to significantly reduce the deterioration rate,reduce economic losses,and increase business competitiveness.Here,a multi-item deteriorating EOQ model with a fixed cycle duration has been developed incorporating the preservation technology.The demands for the items are a quadratic function of the selling price,and shortages are allowed.The main objective is to determine the optimal selling price,investment under preservation,the time length up to zero inventory,order quantity of the proposed inventory model such that the overall profit will be maximized.First,we prove that the optimal selling price and investment in preservation exist and are unique.Next,the total profit per unit time is a concave function of selling price and preservation technology investment.An algorithm is designed to obtain the optimum joint policy.A numerical example has been given to illustrate the model,and sensitivity analysis is conducted,which gives some managerial insights.展开更多
Through the analysis of civil engineering buildings, we can see that the external wall construction can not be ignored. The full application of heat preservation and energy saving technology can greatly reduce energy ...Through the analysis of civil engineering buildings, we can see that the external wall construction can not be ignored. The full application of heat preservation and energy saving technology can greatly reduce energy consumption, and the effect of building heat preservation will also be significantly improved, providing a more comfortable living environment for the masses. From the current situation of civil construction, the application of thermal insulation technology is more common, and the effect is more significant. Through this technology, the control goal of indoor temperature can be achieved, people can work and live in a more suitable indoor space, and the quality of life will naturally be improved. Of course, if we want to ensure that the heat preservation and energy saving technology can be applied more efficiently, we must carry out in-depth research on it and find practical application strategies.展开更多
Time,price,and servicing are three important factors which affect the demand for any product.In a multi-period inventory model,different pricing in different periods may have a positive impact on demand.Offering disco...Time,price,and servicing are three important factors which affect the demand for any product.In a multi-period inventory model,different pricing in different periods may have a positive impact on demand.Offering discounts to customers during a shortage period is an efficient way to reduce lost sales.To address all these issues,a multi-period inventory model is developed and analyzed in this paper to obtain optimal pricing and replenishment periods where the market demand depends on price,time and service level provided by the retailer.The time horizon is fixed;the replenishment cycles are of equal length,but the shortage period may vary in different cycles.The retailer is allowed to charge different prices in different periods and provide discounts if someone places demand during a shortage period.Learning effects in holding and ordering costs are considered.Under a dynamic pricing framework,this study examines service improvement through learning and price discounts during shortages as an incentive for customers.It demonstrates that discounting indeed helps to produce more revenue when the back-order rate is low,and the service level is critical in generating demand when the stock-out period is lengthy,revealing a critical relationship between shortage periods and service level.A numerical experiment is performed to investigate the optimal policy in different situations and obtain some managerial insights.展开更多
The carbon emission from the wastage of deteriorating items is very harmful to the environment.In general,it is believed that every item in a lot size is of high quality but practically it may not be possible that all...The carbon emission from the wastage of deteriorating items is very harmful to the environment.In general,it is believed that every item in a lot size is of high quality but practically it may not be possible that all products are of excellent quality.The deteriorating items may have a high deterioration rate and deteriorate as time passes.They can be managed with the help of preservation technologies,but involving high cost.Furthermore,shortages arise due to the deterioration of commodities,consequently influencing the demand for the product.The objective of the study is to examine the impact of carbon emission and the pattern of demand due to a shortage of products on the retailer’s total profit with the passage of time.Also,trade credit policies play a vital role for buyers and sellers and consequently impact overall profitability.Considering the importance of these factors,we have proposed a profit maximization model which incorporates trade-credit financing policy,carbon emissions,and the learning effect.This study examines how the learning effects impact the deteriorating items when trade-credit financing takes place.Detailed sensitivity analysis and numerical examples are presented to analyse the impact of model parameters on profit function.The application,future work,and managerial insight have been presented in this proposed study.展开更多
基金Supported by Zhenjiang Science&Technology Pillar Program(NY2013001)~~
文摘It is proved that the treatment with white mulch and black thin films per- formed the best in terms of heat preservation in cultivation of strawberry with shelves. In winter, drip irrigation performed significantly in transporting hot water through solar energy. The combination of the two methods resolved the issue of heat preservation difficulty and guaranteed growth of strawberry in winter.
文摘Due to extensive harvesting,the ecological environment of Dendrobium officinale has been destroyed,and there are very few wild D.officinale today.As the tissue culture technology of D.officinale continues to mature,there are more and more imitation,wild cultivation,greenhouse cultivation and other large-scale production of D.officinale to meet the market demand,but the storage and preservation of fresh products is a big problem.The existing problems in storage of D.officinale and its preservation technology are discussed,so as to provide some reference for the storage and preservation of D.officinale fresh products.
文摘In a fruit wholesale shop,a fruiterer needs to maintain huge inventory of different ranges of fruit items for customers because of uncertainty in consumer preferences and behaviour.But demand of them may differ and different EOQ models for each item are required for optimal level of EOQ.This paper presents a single inventory model to assimilate these varieties.It is assumed that many fruit items bear constant rate of deterioration,some are with time proportional deterioration and some do not deteriorate.To control deterioration of the units in inventory,the advanced preservation technology is considered.The proposed single inventory model of this paper incorporates composite and heterogeneous features of multiple items and presents analysis for obtaining optimal level for output model parameters.
文摘This paper presents an inventory model with a constant rate of deterioration of the product,and shortages are allowed at the end of the cycle.The stock-dependent and price-sensitive demand have been considered with a policy of providing price discount to uplift the market demand.Preservation technology is applied to preserve the items from deterioration.The objective of this model is to maximize the total profit function by finding the optimal replenishment time,the optimal preservation technology investment and the optimal quantity.Next,we have shown that the total profit is a concave function of the replenishment time and preservation technology cost.Discount in pricing may be offered at a time of festival,season breaks down,lockdown and clearance of stock,before introducing a new product with up-gradations,etc.Numerical examples and graphical analysis are provided to explain the model.The discount policy could help any business organizations for smooth running of the business and obtain respective optimal profit.
文摘In a wholesale shop,the retailer is required to keep an inventory of various ranges of a product due to uncertainty in consumer preferences and behavior.Different Economic Order Quantity(EOQ)models for each variety of a product are needed for optimum level of inventory.EOQ model decides how much stock a shopkeeper has to store,according to demand and deterioration of different items to optimize the inventory policy of multiple products.Items like fashion,food,vegetables,pharmaceuticals,etc.,deteriorate in the retailer’s warehouse during storage.An investment is required in preservation technology to significantly reduce the deterioration rate,reduce economic losses,and increase business competitiveness.Here,a multi-item deteriorating EOQ model with a fixed cycle duration has been developed incorporating the preservation technology.The demands for the items are a quadratic function of the selling price,and shortages are allowed.The main objective is to determine the optimal selling price,investment under preservation,the time length up to zero inventory,order quantity of the proposed inventory model such that the overall profit will be maximized.First,we prove that the optimal selling price and investment in preservation exist and are unique.Next,the total profit per unit time is a concave function of selling price and preservation technology investment.An algorithm is designed to obtain the optimum joint policy.A numerical example has been given to illustrate the model,and sensitivity analysis is conducted,which gives some managerial insights.
文摘Through the analysis of civil engineering buildings, we can see that the external wall construction can not be ignored. The full application of heat preservation and energy saving technology can greatly reduce energy consumption, and the effect of building heat preservation will also be significantly improved, providing a more comfortable living environment for the masses. From the current situation of civil construction, the application of thermal insulation technology is more common, and the effect is more significant. Through this technology, the control goal of indoor temperature can be achieved, people can work and live in a more suitable indoor space, and the quality of life will naturally be improved. Of course, if we want to ensure that the heat preservation and energy saving technology can be applied more efficiently, we must carry out in-depth research on it and find practical application strategies.
基金supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,India.
文摘Time,price,and servicing are three important factors which affect the demand for any product.In a multi-period inventory model,different pricing in different periods may have a positive impact on demand.Offering discounts to customers during a shortage period is an efficient way to reduce lost sales.To address all these issues,a multi-period inventory model is developed and analyzed in this paper to obtain optimal pricing and replenishment periods where the market demand depends on price,time and service level provided by the retailer.The time horizon is fixed;the replenishment cycles are of equal length,but the shortage period may vary in different cycles.The retailer is allowed to charge different prices in different periods and provide discounts if someone places demand during a shortage period.Learning effects in holding and ordering costs are considered.Under a dynamic pricing framework,this study examines service improvement through learning and price discounts during shortages as an incentive for customers.It demonstrates that discounting indeed helps to produce more revenue when the back-order rate is low,and the service level is critical in generating demand when the stock-out period is lengthy,revealing a critical relationship between shortage periods and service level.A numerical experiment is performed to investigate the optimal policy in different situations and obtain some managerial insights.
文摘The carbon emission from the wastage of deteriorating items is very harmful to the environment.In general,it is believed that every item in a lot size is of high quality but practically it may not be possible that all products are of excellent quality.The deteriorating items may have a high deterioration rate and deteriorate as time passes.They can be managed with the help of preservation technologies,but involving high cost.Furthermore,shortages arise due to the deterioration of commodities,consequently influencing the demand for the product.The objective of the study is to examine the impact of carbon emission and the pattern of demand due to a shortage of products on the retailer’s total profit with the passage of time.Also,trade credit policies play a vital role for buyers and sellers and consequently impact overall profitability.Considering the importance of these factors,we have proposed a profit maximization model which incorporates trade-credit financing policy,carbon emissions,and the learning effect.This study examines how the learning effects impact the deteriorating items when trade-credit financing takes place.Detailed sensitivity analysis and numerical examples are presented to analyse the impact of model parameters on profit function.The application,future work,and managerial insight have been presented in this proposed study.
