Increased soil erosion as a consequence of karst rocky desertification(KRD)reduces soil quality and plant diversity.Premna puberula Pamp.is a perennial understory shrub that can adapt to the harsh environment of KRD a...Increased soil erosion as a consequence of karst rocky desertification(KRD)reduces soil quality and plant diversity.Premna puberula Pamp.is a perennial understory shrub that can adapt to the harsh environment of KRD and has potential value for KRD environmental restoration.We measure morphological and photosynthetic characteristics,nutrient accumulation,and soil physical and chemical properties of two-year-old P.puberula planted in KRD habitat and non-rocky desertification areas,and investigate how it adapts to this habitat.In KRD areas,P.puberula reduces aboveground water loss by decreasing leaf area,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate,while increasing leaf thickness,root length and number,and increases belowground biomass to absorb more water and nutrients.In KRD areas,drought leads to decreased leaf water content,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,and chlorophyll content,and decreased photosynthetic rate.Soluble sugar and protein contents increase in KRD areas in response to water stress,but pectin and flavonoid contents decrease.Correlation analysis reveals that leaf area and thickness are important functional traits that affect leaf water content and photosynthesis.Totals of leaf carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus,along with C:N,C:P,and N:P ratios,are coupled with leaf photosynthetic characteristics and root development.Redundancy analysis reveals that available K and P,and total P,K,and N in soil mainly influence the differences in plant functional traits,explaining 95.8%,95.5%,91.1%,85.8%,and 74%of variation,respectively.We hypothesize that P.puberula reduces aboveground productivity to maintain its water balance,and acquires more water and nutrients by increasing belowground biomass.It indicates that this species adapts to arid KRD environments.展开更多
Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Premna microphylla Turcz led to the isolation of 13 known compounds. Based on spectroscopic and chemical evidences, their structures were identified as diosmetin （1）, blu...Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Premna microphylla Turcz led to the isolation of 13 known compounds. Based on spectroscopic and chemical evidences, their structures were identified as diosmetin （1）, blumenol A （2）, （3S,5R,6S,7E,9R）-5,6-epoxy-3,9-dihydroxy-7-megastigmene （3）, 3β-hydroxy-5a,6a-epoxy-γ-megastigmen-9-one （4）, ixerol B （5）, （-）-dehydrovomifoliol （6）, 3S,5R-dihydroxy-6S,7-megastigmadien-9-one （7）, loliotide （8）, （＋）-dehydrololiolide （9）, （＋）-medioresinol （10）, 4-oxopinoresinol （11）, tormentic acid （12）, and indole-3-carboxylic acid （13）. Compounds 2-13 described above were isolated from this genus for the first time.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to reveal the anatomic structure of Premna microphylla Turcz.stem and leaf.[Method] Using plant anatomy method,we performed anatomic analysis of Premna microphylla Turcz.stem and leaf.[Resul...[Objective] This study was to reveal the anatomic structure of Premna microphylla Turcz.stem and leaf.[Method] Using plant anatomy method,we performed anatomic analysis of Premna microphylla Turcz.stem and leaf.[Result] The stem of Premna microphylla Turcz.is axially symmetric organ,its primary structure consists of three parts of epidermis,cortex and vascular cylinder.The petiole consists of epidermis,cortex and vascular cylinder,of which epidermis is a layer of cells with cuticle and epidermal hair.The sun leaf in Premna microphylla is dorsi-ventral leaf,wich is consist of palisade tissue and spongy tissue;while its shade leaf of Premna microphylla almost are isobilateral leaf.[Conclusion] Our results provided reference for further the exploitation and utilization of Premna microphylla Turcz.resources.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxic activities of Premna odorata(P.odorata)leaves and bark,Artocarpus camansi(A.camansi)and Gliricidia sepium against selected human cancer cell lines by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-...Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxic activities of Premna odorata(P.odorata)leaves and bark,Artocarpus camansi(A.camansi)and Gliricidia sepium against selected human cancer cell lines by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.Methods:The crude extracts of P.odorata,A.camansi and Gliricidia sepium were subjected to liquid–liquid partitioning by using hexane and ethyl acetate to separate compounds based on their polarity.The fractions were tested for their cytotoxic activity against human colon cancer cell line(HCT116),breast cancer cell line(MCF-7),lung adenocarcinoma cell line(A549)and Chinese hamster ovary cell line(AA8)by using MTT assay.Results:Based on the standard values of toxicity set by the study of Suffness and Pezzuto,P.odorata leaves and P.odorata bark hexane fractions and A.camansi leaves were all considered highly cytotoxic against the selected human cancer cell lines.P.odorata bark hexane extract exhibited the highest selectivity index for HCT116,MCF-7 and A549 cancer cell lines.Conclusions:The results obtained indicated that P.odorata leaves and bark and A.camansi leaves have excellent cytotoxic activity and warrant further studies to isolate novel compounds for chemotherapeutic use.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the acute toxicity and to investigate the effect of Premna corymbosa ethanolic extract(PCEE) at doses of 200 and 400 mg /kg body weight in acute and chronic models of inflammation in experimental...Objective:To evaluate the acute toxicity and to investigate the effect of Premna corymbosa ethanolic extract(PCEE) at doses of 200 and 400 mg /kg body weight in acute and chronic models of inflammation in experimental animals.Methods:In the acute toxicity study,a single dose of PCEE of 2 000 mg/kg body weight,p.o.was administered and observed for 48 h.In acute models as egg albumin induced paw edema and chronic model as cotton pellet methods was followed. Results:In acute models,egg albumin induced paw edema PCEE significantly(P【0.01) inhibited the edema formation.In chronic model,cotton pellet induced granuloma formation in rats PCEE significantly(P【0.01) reduced the granuloma formation with percentage inhibition of 35.17%and 50.38%respectively.Conclusions:The present study establishes the antiinflammatory activity of Premna corymbosa leaves.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the hepetoprotective activity of Premna corymbosa leaves against carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) induced hepatic damage.Methods:Hepatotoxicity was induced in wistar rats of both sexes by intraperi...Objective:To investigate the hepetoprotective activity of Premna corymbosa leaves against carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) induced hepatic damage.Methods:Hepatotoxicity was induced in wistar rats of both sexes by intraperitoneal injection of CCl_4,1 mL/kg body weight for every 72 h.The ethanolic extract of Premna corymbosa leaves were administrated at doses of 200 & 400 mL/kg body weight, p.o.,daily for 14 days.The hepatotoxicity and its prevention was assessed by serum markers like serum alkaline phosphatase(SALP),serum triglycerides(STG),serum total protein(STP), serum cholesterol(SC),and liver wet weight and histopathological studies of the liver.Results:In treatment with the ethanolic extract,the toxic effect of CCl_4 was controlled significantly(P<0.01) by restoration of the levels of biochemical parameters as compared to normal and standard drug silymarin treated groups.The liver weight was reduced by the ethanolic extract treated groups. The histopathology of the liver sections evidenced the hepatoprotective activity.Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Premna corymbosa possess significant acute hepatoprotective activity.Premna corymbosa can be recommended for the liver disorders.展开更多
In order to find suspension culture conditions suitable for Premna microphylla Turea, with the leaves of experimented P. microphylla as a material, em- bryogenic callus induction, subculture, dispersion of embryogenic...In order to find suspension culture conditions suitable for Premna microphylla Turea, with the leaves of experimented P. microphylla as a material, em- bryogenic callus induction, subculture, dispersion of embryogenic callus and suspension culture were performed. The results showed that the calli induced from leaves were different. The medium most suitable for induction of loose embryogenic callus for suspension culture was MS ＋ 0.4 mg/L 2,4-D ＋ 0.4 mg/L NAA ＋ 3% sucrose ＋0.8% agar. A better cell line could be obtained with cellulase and pectinase for dispersion of P. microphyUa callus. The medium most suitable for sus- pension culture was MS ＋0.4 mg/L 2,4-D ＋0.8 mg/L KT ＋3% sucrose. In this medium, the fresh weight of the suspensian-cultured cells increased by 6.46 times per 7 d. Dark culture was more suitable for cell proliferation. The average contents of pectin and protein were, respectively, 6.57% and 0.12% in the sus- pended ceils of P. microphylla, which had been cultured for 3 weeks under the optimum culture conditions.展开更多
Objective:To determine the physiological and ecological responses of marine ornamental fishes to the change of water temperature with its potential effects on the growth,survival and feeding in clown fish.Methods:Thre...Objective:To determine the physiological and ecological responses of marine ornamental fishes to the change of water temperature with its potential effects on the growth,survival and feeding in clown fish.Methods:Three different sea anemone fish(Premnas biaculeatus,Amphiprion clarkii,Amphiprion akallopisos)were reared in confinement at water temperatures of 26,28,30,32,and 34℃using thermostat and they were maintained up to the marketable size,and growth,survival and feeding were evaluated during the experimental period.Results:The results illustrated that water temperature influenced the physiological performance of juveniles of three different sea anemone fish significantly.The growth and survival rates of juveniles of three different clown fish significantly increased with the increase of water temperature from 26℃to 34℃(P<0.05).Water temperature also influenced the feeding of three different clown fish significantly with feed conversion ratio increased from(0.071±0.020),(0.075±0.030)and(0.079±0.028)to(0.057±0.040),(0.047±0.030)and(0.045±0.028)for Premnas biaculeatus,Amphiprion clarkii and Amphiprion akallopisos respectively with increase of water temperature from 26℃to 34℃(P<0.05).Specific growth rates(P<0.05)increased significantly with increase of water temperature and positively correlated with the feed conversion ratio,indicating that growth rates are significantly increased with increase of temperature.Conclusions:This study deliberately reveals that the physiological response of juveniles of clown fish as the change of water temperature and substantiated that water temperature influenced juvenile growth,survival and feeding significantly.This study also put forward that the reduced growth,survival and feeding of juveniles at lower temperature which have ecological impacts on clown fish juveniles in settlement and population replacement in the wild.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes a broad spectrum of liver dysfunction ranging from hepatic steatosis(intracellular triglyceride accumulation)to steatohepatitis.This study investigated the beneficial e...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes a broad spectrum of liver dysfunction ranging from hepatic steatosis(intracellular triglyceride accumulation)to steatohepatitis.This study investigated the beneficial effect of Premna herbacea(a dietary leafy vegetable of North East India)and its active constituent in managing hepatic steatosis using high fat diet(HFD)-fed male Wistar rat and hepatocyte(CC1)cell culture models.Administration with methanolic leaf extract of Premna herbacea(PHME)(250 mg/kg body weight,oral gavage,20 weeks)reduced the gain in body weight and rise in serum lipid(triglyceride and total cholesterol)levels and enzymes(alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase)responsible for liver dysfunction in high fat diet(HFD)-fed rats.PHME administration further upregulated the phosphorylation of AMPK,ACC,and HMGCR,downregulated SREBP1 signaling pathways of lipid metabolism,and prevented hepatic steatosis in liver tissues of HFD-fed rats.Moreover,studies on cultured hepatocytes revealed that treatment with both crude extract and its ethyl acetate fraction(PHEA)significantly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation in palmitate(PA,0.75 mM)-treated cells.Chemical profiling(HPLC,HRMS,^(1)H and^(13)C NMR)of PHEA demonstrated the presence of Verbascoside,a caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycoside as a major phyto-constituent,which prevented cellular lipid accumulation and regulated the alteration in AMPK/SREBP/ACC/HMGCR signaling pathways of lipid metabolism in PA-treated cells.In conclusion,this study showed the prophylactic role of Premna herbacea and its active molecule,Verbascoside as a potential functional food in ameliorating hepatic steatosis by regulating AMPK/SREBP/ACC/HMGCR signaling cascade.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Core Technology Research Project for Mountainous Agriculture in Guizhou(GZNYGJHX-2023011)the Science and Technology Support Plan Project of Guizhou(2018-2797)+2 种基金the Major Special Project of Science and Technology Program in Guizhou(2017-5411-06)the Construction Project of State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control of China(2012FU125X13)the Construction Project of Modern Industry Technology system of traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials in Guizhou(GZCYTX-02).
文摘Increased soil erosion as a consequence of karst rocky desertification(KRD)reduces soil quality and plant diversity.Premna puberula Pamp.is a perennial understory shrub that can adapt to the harsh environment of KRD and has potential value for KRD environmental restoration.We measure morphological and photosynthetic characteristics,nutrient accumulation,and soil physical and chemical properties of two-year-old P.puberula planted in KRD habitat and non-rocky desertification areas,and investigate how it adapts to this habitat.In KRD areas,P.puberula reduces aboveground water loss by decreasing leaf area,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate,while increasing leaf thickness,root length and number,and increases belowground biomass to absorb more water and nutrients.In KRD areas,drought leads to decreased leaf water content,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,and chlorophyll content,and decreased photosynthetic rate.Soluble sugar and protein contents increase in KRD areas in response to water stress,but pectin and flavonoid contents decrease.Correlation analysis reveals that leaf area and thickness are important functional traits that affect leaf water content and photosynthesis.Totals of leaf carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus,along with C:N,C:P,and N:P ratios,are coupled with leaf photosynthetic characteristics and root development.Redundancy analysis reveals that available K and P,and total P,K,and N in soil mainly influence the differences in plant functional traits,explaining 95.8%,95.5%,91.1%,85.8%,and 74%of variation,respectively.We hypothesize that P.puberula reduces aboveground productivity to maintain its water balance,and acquires more water and nutrients by increasing belowground biomass.It indicates that this species adapts to arid KRD environments.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31270390)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.NCET-08-0224)
文摘Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Premna microphylla Turcz led to the isolation of 13 known compounds. Based on spectroscopic and chemical evidences, their structures were identified as diosmetin （1）, blumenol A （2）, （3S,5R,6S,7E,9R）-5,6-epoxy-3,9-dihydroxy-7-megastigmene （3）, 3β-hydroxy-5a,6a-epoxy-γ-megastigmen-9-one （4）, ixerol B （5）, （-）-dehydrovomifoliol （6）, 3S,5R-dihydroxy-6S,7-megastigmadien-9-one （7）, loliotide （8）, （＋）-dehydrololiolide （9）, （＋）-medioresinol （10）, 4-oxopinoresinol （11）, tormentic acid （12）, and indole-3-carboxylic acid （13）. Compounds 2-13 described above were isolated from this genus for the first time.
基金Supported by the Supporting Program of the"Eleventh Five-year Plan"for Sci&Tech Research of China(2007BAD87B06)Major Fund of Anhui Province Education Department(KJ2010A114)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to reveal the anatomic structure of Premna microphylla Turcz.stem and leaf.[Method] Using plant anatomy method,we performed anatomic analysis of Premna microphylla Turcz.stem and leaf.[Result] The stem of Premna microphylla Turcz.is axially symmetric organ,its primary structure consists of three parts of epidermis,cortex and vascular cylinder.The petiole consists of epidermis,cortex and vascular cylinder,of which epidermis is a layer of cells with cuticle and epidermal hair.The sun leaf in Premna microphylla is dorsi-ventral leaf,wich is consist of palisade tissue and spongy tissue;while its shade leaf of Premna microphylla almost are isobilateral leaf.[Conclusion] Our results provided reference for further the exploitation and utilization of Premna microphylla Turcz.resources.
基金Supported by the Institute of Biology IB Trust Fund9774197-499-439 of the University of the Philippines Diliman
文摘Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxic activities of Premna odorata(P.odorata)leaves and bark,Artocarpus camansi(A.camansi)and Gliricidia sepium against selected human cancer cell lines by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.Methods:The crude extracts of P.odorata,A.camansi and Gliricidia sepium were subjected to liquid–liquid partitioning by using hexane and ethyl acetate to separate compounds based on their polarity.The fractions were tested for their cytotoxic activity against human colon cancer cell line(HCT116),breast cancer cell line(MCF-7),lung adenocarcinoma cell line(A549)and Chinese hamster ovary cell line(AA8)by using MTT assay.Results:Based on the standard values of toxicity set by the study of Suffness and Pezzuto,P.odorata leaves and P.odorata bark hexane fractions and A.camansi leaves were all considered highly cytotoxic against the selected human cancer cell lines.P.odorata bark hexane extract exhibited the highest selectivity index for HCT116,MCF-7 and A549 cancer cell lines.Conclusions:The results obtained indicated that P.odorata leaves and bark and A.camansi leaves have excellent cytotoxic activity and warrant further studies to isolate novel compounds for chemotherapeutic use.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the acute toxicity and to investigate the effect of Premna corymbosa ethanolic extract(PCEE) at doses of 200 and 400 mg /kg body weight in acute and chronic models of inflammation in experimental animals.Methods:In the acute toxicity study,a single dose of PCEE of 2 000 mg/kg body weight,p.o.was administered and observed for 48 h.In acute models as egg albumin induced paw edema and chronic model as cotton pellet methods was followed. Results:In acute models,egg albumin induced paw edema PCEE significantly(P【0.01) inhibited the edema formation.In chronic model,cotton pellet induced granuloma formation in rats PCEE significantly(P【0.01) reduced the granuloma formation with percentage inhibition of 35.17%and 50.38%respectively.Conclusions:The present study establishes the antiinflammatory activity of Premna corymbosa leaves.
文摘Objective:To investigate the hepetoprotective activity of Premna corymbosa leaves against carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) induced hepatic damage.Methods:Hepatotoxicity was induced in wistar rats of both sexes by intraperitoneal injection of CCl_4,1 mL/kg body weight for every 72 h.The ethanolic extract of Premna corymbosa leaves were administrated at doses of 200 & 400 mL/kg body weight, p.o.,daily for 14 days.The hepatotoxicity and its prevention was assessed by serum markers like serum alkaline phosphatase(SALP),serum triglycerides(STG),serum total protein(STP), serum cholesterol(SC),and liver wet weight and histopathological studies of the liver.Results:In treatment with the ethanolic extract,the toxic effect of CCl_4 was controlled significantly(P<0.01) by restoration of the levels of biochemical parameters as compared to normal and standard drug silymarin treated groups.The liver weight was reduced by the ethanolic extract treated groups. The histopathology of the liver sections evidenced the hepatoprotective activity.Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Premna corymbosa possess significant acute hepatoprotective activity.Premna corymbosa can be recommended for the liver disorders.
基金Supported by Nature Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2008CDZ085)
文摘In order to find suspension culture conditions suitable for Premna microphylla Turea, with the leaves of experimented P. microphylla as a material, em- bryogenic callus induction, subculture, dispersion of embryogenic callus and suspension culture were performed. The results showed that the calli induced from leaves were different. The medium most suitable for induction of loose embryogenic callus for suspension culture was MS ＋ 0.4 mg/L 2,4-D ＋ 0.4 mg/L NAA ＋ 3% sucrose ＋0.8% agar. A better cell line could be obtained with cellulase and pectinase for dispersion of P. microphyUa callus. The medium most suitable for sus- pension culture was MS ＋0.4 mg/L 2,4-D ＋0.8 mg/L KT ＋3% sucrose. In this medium, the fresh weight of the suspensian-cultured cells increased by 6.46 times per 7 d. Dark culture was more suitable for cell proliferation. The average contents of pectin and protein were, respectively, 6.57% and 0.12% in the sus- pended ceils of P. microphylla, which had been cultured for 3 weeks under the optimum culture conditions.
基金Supported by the Director of the Centre and the authorities of Annamalai University for providing with facilities and Center for Marine Living Resource and Ecology(CMLRE-Office Memorandum No:G4/3366/2013),Ministry of Earth Sciences for financial assistant.
文摘Objective:To determine the physiological and ecological responses of marine ornamental fishes to the change of water temperature with its potential effects on the growth,survival and feeding in clown fish.Methods:Three different sea anemone fish(Premnas biaculeatus,Amphiprion clarkii,Amphiprion akallopisos)were reared in confinement at water temperatures of 26,28,30,32,and 34℃using thermostat and they were maintained up to the marketable size,and growth,survival and feeding were evaluated during the experimental period.Results:The results illustrated that water temperature influenced the physiological performance of juveniles of three different sea anemone fish significantly.The growth and survival rates of juveniles of three different clown fish significantly increased with the increase of water temperature from 26℃to 34℃(P<0.05).Water temperature also influenced the feeding of three different clown fish significantly with feed conversion ratio increased from(0.071±0.020),(0.075±0.030)and(0.079±0.028)to(0.057±0.040),(0.047±0.030)and(0.045±0.028)for Premnas biaculeatus,Amphiprion clarkii and Amphiprion akallopisos respectively with increase of water temperature from 26℃to 34℃(P<0.05).Specific growth rates(P<0.05)increased significantly with increase of water temperature and positively correlated with the feed conversion ratio,indicating that growth rates are significantly increased with increase of temperature.Conclusions:This study deliberately reveals that the physiological response of juveniles of clown fish as the change of water temperature and substantiated that water temperature influenced juvenile growth,survival and feeding significantly.This study also put forward that the reduced growth,survival and feeding of juveniles at lower temperature which have ecological impacts on clown fish juveniles in settlement and population replacement in the wild.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes a broad spectrum of liver dysfunction ranging from hepatic steatosis(intracellular triglyceride accumulation)to steatohepatitis.This study investigated the beneficial effect of Premna herbacea(a dietary leafy vegetable of North East India)and its active constituent in managing hepatic steatosis using high fat diet(HFD)-fed male Wistar rat and hepatocyte(CC1)cell culture models.Administration with methanolic leaf extract of Premna herbacea(PHME)(250 mg/kg body weight,oral gavage,20 weeks)reduced the gain in body weight and rise in serum lipid(triglyceride and total cholesterol)levels and enzymes(alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase)responsible for liver dysfunction in high fat diet(HFD)-fed rats.PHME administration further upregulated the phosphorylation of AMPK,ACC,and HMGCR,downregulated SREBP1 signaling pathways of lipid metabolism,and prevented hepatic steatosis in liver tissues of HFD-fed rats.Moreover,studies on cultured hepatocytes revealed that treatment with both crude extract and its ethyl acetate fraction(PHEA)significantly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation in palmitate(PA,0.75 mM)-treated cells.Chemical profiling(HPLC,HRMS,^(1)H and^(13)C NMR)of PHEA demonstrated the presence of Verbascoside,a caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycoside as a major phyto-constituent,which prevented cellular lipid accumulation and regulated the alteration in AMPK/SREBP/ACC/HMGCR signaling pathways of lipid metabolism in PA-treated cells.In conclusion,this study showed the prophylactic role of Premna herbacea and its active molecule,Verbascoside as a potential functional food in ameliorating hepatic steatosis by regulating AMPK/SREBP/ACC/HMGCR signaling cascade.
