Working toward an efficient duration and timeline for the preconstruction phase should be one of the main objectives for project owners.Failing to plan for and coordinate preconstruction decisions in order to control ...Working toward an efficient duration and timeline for the preconstruction phase should be one of the main objectives for project owners.Failing to plan for and coordinate preconstruction decisions in order to control preconstruction duration and manage time variances can lead to financial insecurities,incomplete contract documents,permitting issues,and unrealistic schedules and resource allocation during this phase.To minimize time variances and ensure a productive decision-making process,project owners should be familiar with critical elements in a project that cause variances in the preconstruction phase timeline.In this study,the impacts of eleven critical preconstruction elements on time variances were analyzed.These eleven preconstruction elements are considered critical in how they impact time variances during the preconstruction phase.They were determined to be critical based either on significantly impacting time variance during the preconstruction phase or believed to be critical from findings from previous studies,however,the findings from this study showed no significant impact on the time variances.In most previous studies focusing on the elements impacting project schedules,data were collected by surveying construction professionals.In this study,objective and quantitative data related to project preconstruction elements were used as opposed to self-reported data.Using the results of this study,project owners and stakeholders will be able to evaluate the critical preconstruction elements impacting the timing of their projects and prioritize decisions related to the critical elements early on during the preconstruction phase.展开更多
Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage applications due to their high safety and low cost.However,the use of Zn metal in batteries suffers f...Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage applications due to their high safety and low cost.However,the use of Zn metal in batteries suffers from many severe issues,including dendrite growth and parasitic reactions,which often lead to short cycle lives.Herein,we propose the construction of functional organic interfacial layers(OIL)on the Zn metal anodes to address these challenges.Through a well-designed organic-assist pre-construction process,a densely packed artificial layer featuring the immobilized zwitterionic molecular brush can be constructed,which can not only efficiently facilitate the smooth Zn plating and stripping,but also introduce a stable environment for battery reactions.Through density functional theory calculations and experimental characterizations,we verify that the immobilized organic propane sulfonate on Zn anodes can significantly lower the energy barrier and increase the kinetics of Zn^(2+)transport.Thus,the Zn metal anode with the functional OIL can significantly improve the cycle life of the symmetric cell to over 3500 h stable operation.When paired with the H_(2)V_(3)O_(8)cathode,the aqueous Zn-ion full cells can be continuously cycled over 7000 cycles,marking an important milestone for Zn anode development for potential industrial applications.展开更多
文摘Working toward an efficient duration and timeline for the preconstruction phase should be one of the main objectives for project owners.Failing to plan for and coordinate preconstruction decisions in order to control preconstruction duration and manage time variances can lead to financial insecurities,incomplete contract documents,permitting issues,and unrealistic schedules and resource allocation during this phase.To minimize time variances and ensure a productive decision-making process,project owners should be familiar with critical elements in a project that cause variances in the preconstruction phase timeline.In this study,the impacts of eleven critical preconstruction elements on time variances were analyzed.These eleven preconstruction elements are considered critical in how they impact time variances during the preconstruction phase.They were determined to be critical based either on significantly impacting time variance during the preconstruction phase or believed to be critical from findings from previous studies,however,the findings from this study showed no significant impact on the time variances.In most previous studies focusing on the elements impacting project schedules,data were collected by surveying construction professionals.In this study,objective and quantitative data related to project preconstruction elements were used as opposed to self-reported data.Using the results of this study,project owners and stakeholders will be able to evaluate the critical preconstruction elements impacting the timing of their projects and prioritize decisions related to the critical elements early on during the preconstruction phase.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council (FT180100705, DP230101579, DE240100868)CSIRO “International Hydrogen Research Collaboration ProgramRESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS”+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22209103)support from the “Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials”the “Innovation Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai”
文摘Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage applications due to their high safety and low cost.However,the use of Zn metal in batteries suffers from many severe issues,including dendrite growth and parasitic reactions,which often lead to short cycle lives.Herein,we propose the construction of functional organic interfacial layers(OIL)on the Zn metal anodes to address these challenges.Through a well-designed organic-assist pre-construction process,a densely packed artificial layer featuring the immobilized zwitterionic molecular brush can be constructed,which can not only efficiently facilitate the smooth Zn plating and stripping,but also introduce a stable environment for battery reactions.Through density functional theory calculations and experimental characterizations,we verify that the immobilized organic propane sulfonate on Zn anodes can significantly lower the energy barrier and increase the kinetics of Zn^(2+)transport.Thus,the Zn metal anode with the functional OIL can significantly improve the cycle life of the symmetric cell to over 3500 h stable operation.When paired with the H_(2)V_(3)O_(8)cathode,the aqueous Zn-ion full cells can be continuously cycled over 7000 cycles,marking an important milestone for Zn anode development for potential industrial applications.
