Now the optimization strategies for power distribution are researched widely, and most of them are aiming to the optimal fuel economy and the driving cycle must be preknown. Thus if the actual driving condition deviat...Now the optimization strategies for power distribution are researched widely, and most of them are aiming to the optimal fuel economy and the driving cycle must be preknown. Thus if the actual driving condition deviates from the scheduled driving cycle, the effect of optimal results will be declined greatly. Therefore, the instantaneous optimization strategy carried out on-line is studied in this paper. The power split path and the transmission efficiency are analyzed based on a special power-split scheme and the efficiency models of the power transmitting components are established. The synthetical efficiency optimization model is established for enhancing the transmission efficiency and the fuel economy. The identification of the synthetical efficiency as the optimization objective and the constrain group are discussed emphatically. The optimization is calculated by the adaptive simulated annealing （ASA） algorithm and realized on-line by the radial basis function （RBF）-based similar models. The optimization for power distribution of the hybrid vehicle in an actual driving condition is carried out and the road test results are presented. The test results indicate that the synthetical efficiency optimization method can enhance the transmission efficiency and the fuel economy of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle （HEV） observably. Compared to the rules-based strategy the optimization strategy is optimal and achieves the approximate global optimization solution for the power distribution. The synthetical efficiency optimization solved by ASA algorithm can give attentions to both optimization quality and calculation efficiency, thus it has good application foreground for the power distribution of power-split HEV.展开更多
The utilization of traffic information received from intelligent vehicle highway systems(IVHS) to plan velocity and split output power for multi-source vehicles is currently a research hotspot. However, it is an open ...The utilization of traffic information received from intelligent vehicle highway systems(IVHS) to plan velocity and split output power for multi-source vehicles is currently a research hotspot. However, it is an open issue to plan vehicle velocity and distribute output power between different supply units simultaneously due to the strongly coupling characteristic of the velocity planning and the power distribution. To address this issue, a flexible predictive power-split control strategy based on IVHS is proposed for electric vehicles(EVs) equipped with battery-supercapacitor system(BSS). Unlike hierarchical strategies to plan vehicle velocity and distribute output power separately, a monolayer model predictive control(MPC) method is employed to optimize them online at the same time. Firstly, a flexible velocity planning strategy is designed based on the signal phase and time(SPAT) information received from IVHS and then the Pontryagin’s minimum principle(PMP) is adopted to formulate the optimal control problem of the BSS. Then, the flexible velocity planning strategy and the optimal control problem of BSS are embedded into an MPC framework, which is online solved using the shooting method in a fashion of receding horizon. Simulation results verify that the proposed strategy achieves a superior performance compared with the hierarchical strategy in terms of transportation efficiency, battery capacity loss, energy consumption and computation time.展开更多
In order to implement the dynamic characteristic of a dual power-split transmission, a dynamic me- chanics model is built. Firstly, according to the method of theoretical analysis of the tooth contact analysis （TCA）...In order to implement the dynamic characteristic of a dual power-split transmission, a dynamic me- chanics model is built. Firstly, according to the method of theoretical analysis of the tooth contact analysis （TCA） and loaded tooth contact analysis （LTCA）, the actual meshing process of each gear pairs is simulated, and the time-varying mesh stiffness excitations are obtained, which can improve the numerical precision. Second- ly, by using the lumped mass method, the bending-torsional coupling three dimensional dynamic model of the dual power-split transmission is established, and the identical dimensionless equations are deduced by elimina- ting the effect of rigid displacement and the method of dimensional normalization. Finally, by the method of the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm with variable step lengths, the responses of this system in a frequency domain and time domain are obtained, and the dynamic load change characteristics of each gear pairs are analyzed. The results show that the establishment, solution and analysis of the system dynamics model could provide a basis for the dynamic design, and have an important significance for the dynamic efficiency analysis and dynamic perform- ance optimization design of the dual power-split transmission.展开更多
Mode shift is a special mechanism for a power-split hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)to realise electrically variable transmission,but the sudden change of equivalent inertia caused by topological configuration recombinati...Mode shift is a special mechanism for a power-split hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)to realise electrically variable transmission,but the sudden change of equivalent inertia caused by topological configuration recombination during mode shift induces a significant torque shock.Therefore,a smooth transient process,among other concerns,typically associated with this category of vehicles,is of great importance.The present research aims to introduce a novel control strategy to manage the dynamic torque of multiple power sources and therefore im-prove ride comfort.To this end,a dynamic model of the objective power-split HEV is first built.To resolve the contention between vehicle jerk and clutch friction loss,a model predictive control(MPC)combined with control allocation(CA)is then designed for the clutch-engaged phase.To reduce the torque fluctuation caused by the inertia torques of multiple power sources,a dynamic compensation control strategy(DCcs)that coordinates motorgenerator torque to compensate for the transition torque is proposed for the brake-disengaged phase.Finally,the proposed control strategy is validated by simulation and bench test,and results show great potential in reducing shift duration,torque variation,vehicle jerk and friction loss(the simulation results show decreases of 22%,39%,83%and 53%,and the experimental results show decreases of 21%,74%,77%,and 59%,re-spectively),thereby improving shift quality.展开更多
The dual-mode electro-mechanical transmission(EMT)system is a crucial part of power-split hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs),especially for the heavy HEVs.To improve the precision of the system power distribution and the ...The dual-mode electro-mechanical transmission(EMT)system is a crucial part of power-split hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs),especially for the heavy HEVs.To improve the precision of the system power distribution and the response speed of the electric power supply,a model-based double closed-loop coordinated control strategy is proposed.As the basis of the proposed control strategy,an EMT system model,particularly of an electrical system,is established first.The proposed control strategy includes the power distribution strategy,battery power closed-loop feedback control strategy,and motor coordinated control strategy.To verify the feasibility of the proposed control strategy,simulation and experiment are performed.The results indicate that the proposed control strategy can realize the expected power distribution by coordinating generators and motors and achieve rapid and stable electric power supply.展开更多
Dedicated hybrid transmission(DHT)is the developing trend of hybrid transmissions.This paper studies different types of DHTs regarding the structure,function,and performance.Firstly,the structure and function of diffe...Dedicated hybrid transmission(DHT)is the developing trend of hybrid transmissions.This paper studies different types of DHTs regarding the structure,function,and performance.Firstly,the structure and function of different well-known DHTs in the market are discussed and analyzed.Through the analysis,the reasonability and necessity of the different modes and the electric motor power requirements that lie behind different DHTs are derived.Secondly,the dynamics of different DHTs are further compared with the driving areas in different modes under different driving conditions.Then,the basic or minimum dynamic requirements are defined and taken into consideration before the economic comparison.To ensure the effectiveness of the comparison,the optimization of the configurations for each kind of DHT is carried out with the modular simulation model.The economic comparison is conducted under the premise of excluding the influences of the configurations in the results.Finally,the sensitivity and influence of different engine characteristics for different DHTs are studied to find out the sensibilities of the two kinds of DHTs with engine technology.Through these studies,the essential differences and features of different DHTs can be derived to help better understand the decision in choosing the technical route for the original equipment manufacturers.展开更多
为了提高无线通信系统的安全性,基于功率分割型无线携能通信(Power Splitting⁃Simultane⁃ous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,PS⁃SWIPT)模型,提出了一种有源可重构智能表面(Ac⁃tive Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,ARIS...为了提高无线通信系统的安全性,基于功率分割型无线携能通信(Power Splitting⁃Simultane⁃ous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,PS⁃SWIPT)模型,提出了一种有源可重构智能表面(Ac⁃tive Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,ARIS)辅助PS⁃SWIPT系统(ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT)的安全传输方案。综合考虑ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT系统的能量效率和安全性,构造了安全能效最大化问题,通过联合优化基站的波束成形向量、ARIS的反射系数矩阵,以及合法用户的功率分割比值,提升ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT系统的安全能效。由于所构建的优化问题为非凸问题,利用交替优化(Alternating Optimiza⁃tion,AO)算法将原问题分解为3个子问题,并进一步通过半正定松弛(Semi⁃Definite Relaxation,SDR)和Dinkelbach方法获得子问题的优化解。仿真结果表明,ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT方案在安全能效方面优于PRIS辅助PS⁃SWIPT(PRIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT)方案和放大转发辅助PS⁃SWIPT(AF⁃PS⁃SWIPT)方案,且所提算法相较于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA),对求解该类问题具备更高的适应性,并且获得了更高的安全能效。展开更多
在复合功率分流混合动力系统中,通过离合器对功率分流装置与动力部件进行离合和制动,可以进一步提高动力性和经济性。传统湿式离合器为适应商用车大扭矩需求,需增加摩擦片数量和体积,导致成本上升和拖曳损失,而机械式离合器虽体积小、...在复合功率分流混合动力系统中,通过离合器对功率分流装置与动力部件进行离合和制动,可以进一步提高动力性和经济性。传统湿式离合器为适应商用车大扭矩需求,需增加摩擦片数量和体积,导致成本上升和拖曳损失,而机械式离合器虽体积小、承载扭矩大,但在超越过程中产生摩擦损失,无法满足混合动力商用车对可控方向锁止和双向非接触自由的需求。设计了一种多模非接触式可控单向离合器,可实现正向锁止、反向锁止以及双向自由三种模式,承载扭矩大同时避免了拖曳和摩擦损失。对多模非接触式可控单向离合器静态和模式切换过程进行了分析,以提高承载扭矩、减小瞬态冲击和实现轻量设计为目标建立了优化模型,提出融合带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ,NSGA2)、约束有序加权平均算子(Constrained ordered weighted averaging,COWA)和优劣解距离法(Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)的多目标优化决策方法,与初始方案相比,承载扭矩提升了23.5%、空转角减少了13.7%、关键部件体积减小了0.5%;搭载混合动力专用变速箱进行了台架试验,验证了设计方法的可行性。研究为大扭矩多模非接触式可控单向离合器的设计提供了参考。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51005017)
文摘Now the optimization strategies for power distribution are researched widely, and most of them are aiming to the optimal fuel economy and the driving cycle must be preknown. Thus if the actual driving condition deviates from the scheduled driving cycle, the effect of optimal results will be declined greatly. Therefore, the instantaneous optimization strategy carried out on-line is studied in this paper. The power split path and the transmission efficiency are analyzed based on a special power-split scheme and the efficiency models of the power transmitting components are established. The synthetical efficiency optimization model is established for enhancing the transmission efficiency and the fuel economy. The identification of the synthetical efficiency as the optimization objective and the constrain group are discussed emphatically. The optimization is calculated by the adaptive simulated annealing （ASA） algorithm and realized on-line by the radial basis function （RBF）-based similar models. The optimization for power distribution of the hybrid vehicle in an actual driving condition is carried out and the road test results are presented. The test results indicate that the synthetical efficiency optimization method can enhance the transmission efficiency and the fuel economy of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle （HEV） observably. Compared to the rules-based strategy the optimization strategy is optimal and achieves the approximate global optimization solution for the power distribution. The synthetical efficiency optimization solved by ASA algorithm can give attentions to both optimization quality and calculation efficiency, thus it has good application foreground for the power distribution of power-split HEV.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62173303)the Fundamental Research for the Zhejiang P rovincial Universities (RF-C2020003)。
文摘The utilization of traffic information received from intelligent vehicle highway systems(IVHS) to plan velocity and split output power for multi-source vehicles is currently a research hotspot. However, it is an open issue to plan vehicle velocity and distribute output power between different supply units simultaneously due to the strongly coupling characteristic of the velocity planning and the power distribution. To address this issue, a flexible predictive power-split control strategy based on IVHS is proposed for electric vehicles(EVs) equipped with battery-supercapacitor system(BSS). Unlike hierarchical strategies to plan vehicle velocity and distribute output power separately, a monolayer model predictive control(MPC) method is employed to optimize them online at the same time. Firstly, a flexible velocity planning strategy is designed based on the signal phase and time(SPAT) information received from IVHS and then the Pontryagin’s minimum principle(PMP) is adopted to formulate the optimal control problem of the BSS. Then, the flexible velocity planning strategy and the optimal control problem of BSS are embedded into an MPC framework, which is online solved using the shooting method in a fashion of receding horizon. Simulation results verify that the proposed strategy achieves a superior performance compared with the hierarchical strategy in terms of transportation efficiency, battery capacity loss, energy consumption and computation time.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51175423
文摘In order to implement the dynamic characteristic of a dual power-split transmission, a dynamic me- chanics model is built. Firstly, according to the method of theoretical analysis of the tooth contact analysis （TCA） and loaded tooth contact analysis （LTCA）, the actual meshing process of each gear pairs is simulated, and the time-varying mesh stiffness excitations are obtained, which can improve the numerical precision. Second- ly, by using the lumped mass method, the bending-torsional coupling three dimensional dynamic model of the dual power-split transmission is established, and the identical dimensionless equations are deduced by elimina- ting the effect of rigid displacement and the method of dimensional normalization. Finally, by the method of the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm with variable step lengths, the responses of this system in a frequency domain and time domain are obtained, and the dynamic load change characteristics of each gear pairs are analyzed. The results show that the establishment, solution and analysis of the system dynamics model could provide a basis for the dynamic design, and have an important significance for the dynamic efficiency analysis and dynamic perform- ance optimization design of the dual power-split transmission.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52005039,51575043,51975048,U1764257).
文摘Mode shift is a special mechanism for a power-split hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)to realise electrically variable transmission,but the sudden change of equivalent inertia caused by topological configuration recombination during mode shift induces a significant torque shock.Therefore,a smooth transient process,among other concerns,typically associated with this category of vehicles,is of great importance.The present research aims to introduce a novel control strategy to manage the dynamic torque of multiple power sources and therefore im-prove ride comfort.To this end,a dynamic model of the objective power-split HEV is first built.To resolve the contention between vehicle jerk and clutch friction loss,a model predictive control(MPC)combined with control allocation(CA)is then designed for the clutch-engaged phase.To reduce the torque fluctuation caused by the inertia torques of multiple power sources,a dynamic compensation control strategy(DCcs)that coordinates motorgenerator torque to compensate for the transition torque is proposed for the brake-disengaged phase.Finally,the proposed control strategy is validated by simulation and bench test,and results show great potential in reducing shift duration,torque variation,vehicle jerk and friction loss(the simulation results show decreases of 22%,39%,83%and 53%,and the experimental results show decreases of 21%,74%,77%,and 59%,re-spectively),thereby improving shift quality.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51705480,No.51575043,Nos.51975048,U1564210,and U1764257).
文摘The dual-mode electro-mechanical transmission(EMT)system is a crucial part of power-split hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs),especially for the heavy HEVs.To improve the precision of the system power distribution and the response speed of the electric power supply,a model-based double closed-loop coordinated control strategy is proposed.As the basis of the proposed control strategy,an EMT system model,particularly of an electrical system,is established first.The proposed control strategy includes the power distribution strategy,battery power closed-loop feedback control strategy,and motor coordinated control strategy.To verify the feasibility of the proposed control strategy,simulation and experiment are performed.The results indicate that the proposed control strategy can realize the expected power distribution by coordinating generators and motors and achieve rapid and stable electric power supply.
文摘Dedicated hybrid transmission(DHT)is the developing trend of hybrid transmissions.This paper studies different types of DHTs regarding the structure,function,and performance.Firstly,the structure and function of different well-known DHTs in the market are discussed and analyzed.Through the analysis,the reasonability and necessity of the different modes and the electric motor power requirements that lie behind different DHTs are derived.Secondly,the dynamics of different DHTs are further compared with the driving areas in different modes under different driving conditions.Then,the basic or minimum dynamic requirements are defined and taken into consideration before the economic comparison.To ensure the effectiveness of the comparison,the optimization of the configurations for each kind of DHT is carried out with the modular simulation model.The economic comparison is conducted under the premise of excluding the influences of the configurations in the results.Finally,the sensitivity and influence of different engine characteristics for different DHTs are studied to find out the sensibilities of the two kinds of DHTs with engine technology.Through these studies,the essential differences and features of different DHTs can be derived to help better understand the decision in choosing the technical route for the original equipment manufacturers.
文摘为了提高无线通信系统的安全性,基于功率分割型无线携能通信(Power Splitting⁃Simultane⁃ous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,PS⁃SWIPT)模型,提出了一种有源可重构智能表面(Ac⁃tive Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,ARIS)辅助PS⁃SWIPT系统(ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT)的安全传输方案。综合考虑ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT系统的能量效率和安全性,构造了安全能效最大化问题,通过联合优化基站的波束成形向量、ARIS的反射系数矩阵,以及合法用户的功率分割比值,提升ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT系统的安全能效。由于所构建的优化问题为非凸问题,利用交替优化(Alternating Optimiza⁃tion,AO)算法将原问题分解为3个子问题,并进一步通过半正定松弛(Semi⁃Definite Relaxation,SDR)和Dinkelbach方法获得子问题的优化解。仿真结果表明,ARIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT方案在安全能效方面优于PRIS辅助PS⁃SWIPT(PRIS⁃PS⁃SWIPT)方案和放大转发辅助PS⁃SWIPT(AF⁃PS⁃SWIPT)方案,且所提算法相较于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA),对求解该类问题具备更高的适应性,并且获得了更高的安全能效。
文摘在复合功率分流混合动力系统中,通过离合器对功率分流装置与动力部件进行离合和制动,可以进一步提高动力性和经济性。传统湿式离合器为适应商用车大扭矩需求,需增加摩擦片数量和体积,导致成本上升和拖曳损失,而机械式离合器虽体积小、承载扭矩大,但在超越过程中产生摩擦损失,无法满足混合动力商用车对可控方向锁止和双向非接触自由的需求。设计了一种多模非接触式可控单向离合器,可实现正向锁止、反向锁止以及双向自由三种模式,承载扭矩大同时避免了拖曳和摩擦损失。对多模非接触式可控单向离合器静态和模式切换过程进行了分析,以提高承载扭矩、减小瞬态冲击和实现轻量设计为目标建立了优化模型,提出融合带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ,NSGA2)、约束有序加权平均算子(Constrained ordered weighted averaging,COWA)和优劣解距离法(Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)的多目标优化决策方法,与初始方案相比,承载扭矩提升了23.5%、空转角减少了13.7%、关键部件体积减小了0.5%;搭载混合动力专用变速箱进行了台架试验,验证了设计方法的可行性。研究为大扭矩多模非接触式可控单向离合器的设计提供了参考。
