A low power mapping algorithm for technology independent AND/XOR circuits is proposed. In this algorithm, the average power of the static mixed-polarity Reed-Muller （MPRM） circuits is minimized by generating a two-i...A low power mapping algorithm for technology independent AND/XOR circuits is proposed. In this algorithm, the average power of the static mixed-polarity Reed-Muller （MPRM） circuits is minimized by generating a two-input gates circuit to optimize the switching active of nodes, and the power and area of MPRM circuits are estimated by using gates from a given library. On the basis of obtaining an optimal power MPRM circuit, the best mixed-polarity is found by combining an exhaustive searching method with polarity conversion algorithms. Our experiments over 18 benchmark circuits show that compared to the power optimization for fixed-polarity Reed-Muller circuits and AND/OR circuits, power saving is up to 44.22% and 60.09%, and area saving is up to 14.13% and 32.72%, respectively.展开更多
Let be a normal completely positive map with Kraus operators . An operator X is said to be a fixed point of , if . Let be the fixed points set of . In this paper, fixed points of are considered for , where means j-pow...Let be a normal completely positive map with Kraus operators . An operator X is said to be a fixed point of , if . Let be the fixed points set of . In this paper, fixed points of are considered for , where means j-power of . We obtain that and for integral when A is self-adjoint and commutable. Moreover, holds under certain condition.展开更多
The stochastic response of a noisy system with non-negative restoring force is investigated. The generalized cell mapping （GCM） method compute the transient and stationary probability density functions （PDFs） real...The stochastic response of a noisy system with non-negative restoring force is investigated. The generalized cell mapping （GCM） method compute the transient and stationary probability density functions （PDFs） real-power is used to Combined with the global properties of the noise-free system, the evolutionary process of the tran- sient PDFs is revealed. The results show that stochastic P-bifurcation occurs when the system parameter varies in the response analysis and the stationary PDF evolves from bimodal to unimodal along the unstable manifold during the bifurcation.展开更多
In a typical composite interval mapping experiment, the probability of obtaining false QTL is likely to be at least an order of magnitude greater than the nominal experiment-wise Type I error rate, as set by permutati...In a typical composite interval mapping experiment, the probability of obtaining false QTL is likely to be at least an order of magnitude greater than the nominal experiment-wise Type I error rate, as set by permutation test. F2 mapping crosses were simulated with three different genetic maps. Each map contained ten QTL on either three, six or twelve linkage groups. QTL effects were additive only, and heritability was 50%. Each linkage group had 11 evenly-spaced (10 cM) markers. Selective genotyping was used. Simulated data were analyzed by composite interval mapping with the Zmapqtl program of QTL Cartographer. False positives were minimized by using the largest feasible number of markers to control genetic background effects. Bootstrapping was then used to recover mapping power lost to the large number of conditioning markers. Bootstrapping is shown to be a useful tool for QTL discovery, although it can also produce false positives. Quantitative bootstrap support—the proportion of bootstrap replicates in which a significant likelihood maximum occurred in a given marker interval—was positively correlated with the probability that the likelihood maxima revealed a true QTL. X-linked QTL were detected with much lower power than autosomal QTL. It is suggested that QTL mapping experiments should be supported by accompanying simulations that replicate the marker map, crossing design, sample size, and method of analysis used for the actual experiment.展开更多
Flow behaviors of spray forming low solvus high refractory (LSHR) alloy were investigated using hot compression tests performed on a Gleeble?3500 thermal mechanical simulator at temperatures of 1020?1150 °C and s...Flow behaviors of spray forming low solvus high refractory (LSHR) alloy were investigated using hot compression tests performed on a Gleeble?3500 thermal mechanical simulator at temperatures of 1020?1150 °C and strain rates of 0.0003?1.0 s?1. The constitutive equation was established, power dissipation (η) maps and hot processing maps were plotted. The microstructure evolution and dislocation distribution of domains with different values of η in power dissipation maps were also observed. The results show that the flow stress increases with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate. The activation energy of the spray forming LSHR alloy is 1243.86 kJ/mol. When the value of η is 0.36 at the strain of 0.5, the domain in the processing map shows characteristics of typical dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and low dislocation density. According to the microstructure evolution and processing maps, the optimum processing condition for good hot workability of spray forming LSHR alloy can be summed up as:temperature range 1110?1150 °C; strain rate range 0.01?0.3 s?1.展开更多
Results of an experimental and modelling study of forming processes in the AA2099 Al–Cu–Li alloy, for a wide range of temperatures, strains and strain rates, are presented. The analyses are based on tensile testing ...Results of an experimental and modelling study of forming processes in the AA2099 Al–Cu–Li alloy, for a wide range of temperatures, strains and strain rates, are presented. The analyses are based on tensile testing at 20 °C at a strain rate of 0.02 s-1and uniaxial compression testing in the temperature range 400–550 °C at strain rates ranging from0.001 to 100 s-1, for constant values of true strain of 0.5 and 0.9. The stability of plastic deformation and its relationship with a sensitivity of stress to strain rate are considered. The power dissipation efficiency coefficient, g（%）, and the flow instability parameter, n B 0, were determined. The complex processing maps for hot working were determined and quantified, including process frames for basic forging processes： conventional forging and for near-superplastic and isothermal conditions. A significant aspect is the convergence of power dissipation when passing through the 500 °C peak.Deformation, temperature and strain-rate-dependent microstructures at 500 °C for strain rates of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 s-1are described and analysed for the conventional die forging process frame, corresponding to 465–523 °C and strain rates of50–100 s-1.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61076032,60776022)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.20090461355)the Postdoctoral Research Projects of Zhejiang Province,China,and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.Y1101078)
文摘A low power mapping algorithm for technology independent AND/XOR circuits is proposed. In this algorithm, the average power of the static mixed-polarity Reed-Muller （MPRM） circuits is minimized by generating a two-input gates circuit to optimize the switching active of nodes, and the power and area of MPRM circuits are estimated by using gates from a given library. On the basis of obtaining an optimal power MPRM circuit, the best mixed-polarity is found by combining an exhaustive searching method with polarity conversion algorithms. Our experiments over 18 benchmark circuits show that compared to the power optimization for fixed-polarity Reed-Muller circuits and AND/OR circuits, power saving is up to 44.22% and 60.09%, and area saving is up to 14.13% and 32.72%, respectively.
文摘Let be a normal completely positive map with Kraus operators . An operator X is said to be a fixed point of , if . Let be the fixed points set of . In this paper, fixed points of are considered for , where means j-power of . We obtain that and for integral when A is self-adjoint and commutable. Moreover, holds under certain condition.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11172233,11302169,11302170,and 11472212)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3102014JCQ01079)
文摘The stochastic response of a noisy system with non-negative restoring force is investigated. The generalized cell mapping （GCM） method compute the transient and stationary probability density functions （PDFs） real-power is used to Combined with the global properties of the noise-free system, the evolutionary process of the tran- sient PDFs is revealed. The results show that stochastic P-bifurcation occurs when the system parameter varies in the response analysis and the stationary PDF evolves from bimodal to unimodal along the unstable manifold during the bifurcation.
文摘In a typical composite interval mapping experiment, the probability of obtaining false QTL is likely to be at least an order of magnitude greater than the nominal experiment-wise Type I error rate, as set by permutation test. F2 mapping crosses were simulated with three different genetic maps. Each map contained ten QTL on either three, six or twelve linkage groups. QTL effects were additive only, and heritability was 50%. Each linkage group had 11 evenly-spaced (10 cM) markers. Selective genotyping was used. Simulated data were analyzed by composite interval mapping with the Zmapqtl program of QTL Cartographer. False positives were minimized by using the largest feasible number of markers to control genetic background effects. Bootstrapping was then used to recover mapping power lost to the large number of conditioning markers. Bootstrapping is shown to be a useful tool for QTL discovery, although it can also produce false positives. Quantitative bootstrap support—the proportion of bootstrap replicates in which a significant likelihood maximum occurred in a given marker interval—was positively correlated with the probability that the likelihood maxima revealed a true QTL. X-linked QTL were detected with much lower power than autosomal QTL. It is suggested that QTL mapping experiments should be supported by accompanying simulations that replicate the marker map, crossing design, sample size, and method of analysis used for the actual experiment.
基金Project(51301143)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014M560727)supported by the National Postdoctoral Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2015GZ0228)supported by the Sichuan Province Science-Technology Support Plan,ChinaProject(2682014CX001)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Project of SWJTU University,China
文摘Flow behaviors of spray forming low solvus high refractory (LSHR) alloy were investigated using hot compression tests performed on a Gleeble?3500 thermal mechanical simulator at temperatures of 1020?1150 °C and strain rates of 0.0003?1.0 s?1. The constitutive equation was established, power dissipation (η) maps and hot processing maps were plotted. The microstructure evolution and dislocation distribution of domains with different values of η in power dissipation maps were also observed. The results show that the flow stress increases with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate. The activation energy of the spray forming LSHR alloy is 1243.86 kJ/mol. When the value of η is 0.36 at the strain of 0.5, the domain in the processing map shows characteristics of typical dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and low dislocation density. According to the microstructure evolution and processing maps, the optimum processing condition for good hot workability of spray forming LSHR alloy can be summed up as:temperature range 1110?1150 °C; strain rate range 0.01?0.3 s?1.
基金financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (AGH-UST statutory research project No. 11.11.110.292)
文摘Results of an experimental and modelling study of forming processes in the AA2099 Al–Cu–Li alloy, for a wide range of temperatures, strains and strain rates, are presented. The analyses are based on tensile testing at 20 °C at a strain rate of 0.02 s-1and uniaxial compression testing in the temperature range 400–550 °C at strain rates ranging from0.001 to 100 s-1, for constant values of true strain of 0.5 and 0.9. The stability of plastic deformation and its relationship with a sensitivity of stress to strain rate are considered. The power dissipation efficiency coefficient, g（%）, and the flow instability parameter, n B 0, were determined. The complex processing maps for hot working were determined and quantified, including process frames for basic forging processes： conventional forging and for near-superplastic and isothermal conditions. A significant aspect is the convergence of power dissipation when passing through the 500 °C peak.Deformation, temperature and strain-rate-dependent microstructures at 500 °C for strain rates of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 s-1are described and analysed for the conventional die forging process frame, corresponding to 465–523 °C and strain rates of50–100 s-1.
