At present,the database cache model of power information system has problems such as slow running speed and low database hit rate.To this end,this paper proposes a database cache model for power information systems ba...At present,the database cache model of power information system has problems such as slow running speed and low database hit rate.To this end,this paper proposes a database cache model for power information systems based on deep machine learning.The caching model includes program caching,Structured Query Language(SQL)preprocessing,and core caching modules.Among them,the method to improve the efficiency of the statement is to adjust operations such as multi-table joins and replacement keywords in the SQL optimizer.Build predictive models using boosted regression trees in the core caching module.Generate a series of regression tree models using machine learning algorithms.Analyze the resource occupancy rate in the power information system to dynamically adjust the voting selection of the regression tree.At the same time,the voting threshold of the prediction model is dynamically adjusted.By analogy,the cache model is re-initialized.The experimental results show that the model has a good cache hit rate and cache efficiency,and can improve the data cache performance of the power information system.It has a high hit rate and short delay time,and always maintains a good hit rate even under different computer memory;at the same time,it only occupies less space and less CPU during actual operation,which is beneficial to power The information system operates efficiently and quickly.展开更多
Implementing self-sustainable wireless communication systems is urgent and challenging for 5G and 6G technologies.In this paper,we elaborate on a system solution using the programmable metasurface(PMS)for simultaneous...Implementing self-sustainable wireless communication systems is urgent and challenging for 5G and 6G technologies.In this paper,we elaborate on a system solution using the programmable metasurface(PMS)for simultaneous wireless information and power transfers(SWIPT),offering an optimized wireless energy management network.Both transmitting and receiving sides of the proposed solution are presented in detail.On the transmitting side,employing the wireless power transfer(WPT)technique,we present versatile power conveying strategies for near-field or far-field targets,single or multiple targets,and equal or unequal power targets.On the receiving side,utilizing the wireless energy harvesting(WEH)technique,we report our work on multi-functional rectifying metasurfaces that collect the wirelessly transmitted energy and the ambient energy.More importantly,a numerical model based on the plane-wave angular spectrum method is investigated to accurately calculate the radiation fields of PMS in the Fresnel and Fraunhofer regions.With this model,the efficiencies of WPT between the transmitter and the receiver are analyzed.Finally,future research directions are discussed,and integrated PMS for wireless information and wireless power is outlined.展开更多
Wireless information and power transfer(WIPT) enables simultaneously communications and sustainable power supplement without the erection of power supply lines and the replacement operation of the batteries for the te...Wireless information and power transfer(WIPT) enables simultaneously communications and sustainable power supplement without the erection of power supply lines and the replacement operation of the batteries for the terminals. The application of WIPT to the underwater acoustic sensor networks(UWASNs) not only retains the long range communication capabilities, but also provides an auxiliary and convenient energy supplement way for the terminal sensors, and thus is a promising scheme to solve the energy-limited problem for the UWASNs. In this paper, we propose the integration of WIPT into the UWASNs and provide an overview on various enabling techniques for the WIPT based UWASNs(WIPT-UWASNs) as well as pointing out future research challenges and opportunities for WIPT-UWASNs.展开更多
Applications using simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)have increased significantly.Wireless communication technologies can be combined with the Internet of Things to develop many innovative app...Applications using simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)have increased significantly.Wireless communication technologies can be combined with the Internet of Things to develop many innovative applications using SWIPT,which is mainly based on wireless energy harvesting from electromagnetic waves used in communications.Wireless power transfer that uses magnetrons has been developed for communication technologies.Injection-locked magnetrons that can be used to facilitate high-power SWIPT for several devices are reviewed in this paper.This new technology is expected to pave the way for promoting the application of SWIPT in a wide range of fields.展开更多
Activating Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) in Radio-Frequency (RF) to provide on-demand energy supply to widely deployed Internet of Everything devices is a key to the next-generation energy self-sustainable 6G network....Activating Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) in Radio-Frequency (RF) to provide on-demand energy supply to widely deployed Internet of Everything devices is a key to the next-generation energy self-sustainable 6G network. However, Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) in the same RF bands is challenging. The majority of previous studies compared SWIPT performance to Gaussian signaling with an infinite alphabet, which is impossible to implement in any realistic communication system. In contrast, we study the SWIPT system in a well-known Nakagami-m wireless fading channel using practical modulation techniques with finite alphabet. The attainable rate-energy-reliability tradeoff and the corresponding rationale are revealed for fixed modulation schemes. Furthermore, an adaptive modulation-based transceiver is provided for further expanding the attainable rate-energy-reliability region based on various SWIPT performances of different modulation schemes. The modulation switching thresholds and transmit power allocation at the SWIPT transmitter and the power splitting ratios at the SWIPT receiver are jointly optimized to maximize the attainable spectrum efficiency of wireless information transfer while satisfying the WPT requirement and the instantaneous and average BER constraints. Numerical results demonstrate the SWIPT performance of various fixed modulation schemes in different fading conditions. The advantage of the adaptive modulation-based SWIPT transceiver is validated.展开更多
Considering that perfect channel state information(CSI) is difficult to obtain in practice,energy efficiency(EE) for distributed antenna systems(DAS) based on imperfect CSI and antennas selection is investigated in Ra...Considering that perfect channel state information(CSI) is difficult to obtain in practice,energy efficiency(EE) for distributed antenna systems(DAS) based on imperfect CSI and antennas selection is investigated in Rayleigh fading channel.A novel EE that is defined as the average transmission rate divided by the total consumed power is introduced.In accordance with this definition,an adaptive power allocation(PA) scheme for DAS is proposed to maximize the EE under the maximum transmit power constraint.The solution of PA in the constrained EE optimization does exist and is unique.A practical iterative algorithm with Newton method is presented to obtain the solution of PA.The proposed scheme includes the one under perfect CSI as a special case,and it only needs large scale and statistical information.As a result,the scheme has low overhead and good robustness.The theoretical EE is also derived for performance evaluation,and simulation result shows the validity of the theoretical analysis.Moreover,EE can be enhanced by decreasing the estimation error and/or path loss exponents.展开更多
The performance of traditional regular Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)improves as the number of IRS elements increases,but more reflecting elements lead to higher IRS power consumption and greater overhead of chan...The performance of traditional regular Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)improves as the number of IRS elements increases,but more reflecting elements lead to higher IRS power consumption and greater overhead of channel estimation.The Irregular Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IIRS)can enhance the performance of the IRS as well as boost the system performance when the number of reflecting elements is limited.However,due to the lack of radio frequency chain in IRS,it is challenging for the Base Station(BS)to gather perfect Channel State Information(CSI),especially in the presence of Eavesdroppers(Eves).Therefore,in this paper we investigate the minimum transmit power problem of IIRS-aided Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer(SWIPT)secure communication system with imperfect CSI of BS-IIRS-Eves links,which is subject to the rate outage probability constraints of the Eves,the minimum rate constraints of the Information Receivers(IRs),the energy harvesting constraints of the Energy Receivers(ERs),and the topology matrix constraints.Afterward,the formulated nonconvex problem can be efficiently tackled by employing joint optimization algorithm combined with successive refinement method and adaptive topology design method.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and the superiority of IIRS.展开更多
In order to satisfy the ever-increasing energy appetite of the massive battery-powered and batteryless communication devices,radio frequency(RF)signals have been relied upon for transferring wireless power to them.The...In order to satisfy the ever-increasing energy appetite of the massive battery-powered and batteryless communication devices,radio frequency(RF)signals have been relied upon for transferring wireless power to them.The joint coordination of wireless power transfer(WPT)and wireless information transfer(WIT)yields simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)as well as data and energy integrated communication network(DEIN).However,as a promising technique,few efforts are invested in the hardware implementation of DEIN.In order to make DEIN a reality,this paper focuses on hardware implementation of a DEIN.It firstly provides a brief tutorial on SWIPT,while summarising the latest hardware design of WPT transceiver and the existing commercial solutions.Then,a prototype design in DEIN with full protocol stack is elaborated,followed by its performance evaluation.展开更多
Terminal devices deployed in outdoor environments are facing a thorny problem of power supply.Data and energy integrated network(DEIN)is a promising technology to solve the problem,which simultaneously transfers data ...Terminal devices deployed in outdoor environments are facing a thorny problem of power supply.Data and energy integrated network(DEIN)is a promising technology to solve the problem,which simultaneously transfers data and energy through radio frequency signals.State-of-the-art researches mostly focus on theoretical aspects.By contrast,we provide a complete design and implementation of a fully functioning DEIN system with the support of an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).The UAV can be dispatched to areas of interest to remotely recharge batteryless terminals,while collecting essential information from them.Then,the UAV uploads the information to remote base stations.Our system verifies the feasibility of the DEIN in practical applications.展开更多
This paper investigates the system outage performance of a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)based two-way decodeand-forward(DF)relay network,where potential hardware impairments(HIs)in all tr...This paper investigates the system outage performance of a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)based two-way decodeand-forward(DF)relay network,where potential hardware impairments(HIs)in all transceivers are considered.After harvesting energy and decoding messages simultaneously via a power splitting scheme,the energy-limited relay node forwards the decoded information to both terminals.Each terminal combines the signals from the direct and relaying links via selection combining.We derive the system outage probability under independent but non-identically distributed Nakagami-m fading channels.It reveals an overall system ceiling(OSC)effect,i.e.,the system falls in outage if the target rate exceeds an OSC threshold that is determined by the levels of HIs.Furthermore,we derive the diversity gain of the considered network.The result reveals that when the transmission rate is below the OSC threshold,the achieved diversity gain equals the sum of the shape parameter of the direct link and the smaller shape parameter of the terminalto-relay links;otherwise,the diversity gain is zero.This is different from the amplify-and-forward(AF)strategy,under which the relaying links have no contribution to the diversity gain.Simulation results validate the analytical results and reveal that compared with the AF strategy,the SWIPT based two-way relaying links under the DF strategy are more robust to HIs and achieve a lower system outage probability.展开更多
This paper investigates Energy Harvesting Efficiency(EHE)maximization problems for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface(RIS)aided Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer(SWIPT).This system focuses on the im...This paper investigates Energy Harvesting Efficiency(EHE)maximization problems for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface(RIS)aided Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer(SWIPT).This system focuses on the imperfect RIS-related channel and explores the robust beamforming design to maximize the EHE of all energy receivers while respecting the maximum transmit power of the Access Point(AP),RIS phase shift constraints,and maintaining a minimum signal-to-interference plus noise ratio for all information receivers under both linear and non-linear EH models.To solve these non-convex problem,the channel uncertainty related infinite constraints are approximated by using the S-procedure.With the introduction of slack variables,the transformed subproblems can be iteratively solved using alternating algorithm.Simulation results demonstrate that RIS is able to increase the system EHE.展开更多
From a circuit implementation perspective,this paper presents a brief overview of simultaneous wireless information and power transmission(SWIPT).By using zero-power batteryless wireless sensors,SWIPT mixes wireless p...From a circuit implementation perspective,this paper presents a brief overview of simultaneous wireless information and power transmission(SWIPT).By using zero-power batteryless wireless sensors,SWIPT mixes wireless power transmission with wireless communications to allow the truly practical implementation of the Internet of Things as well as many other applications.In this paper,technical backgrounds,problem formation,state-of-the-art solutions,circuit implementation examples,and system integrations of SWIPT are presented.展开更多
文摘At present,the database cache model of power information system has problems such as slow running speed and low database hit rate.To this end,this paper proposes a database cache model for power information systems based on deep machine learning.The caching model includes program caching,Structured Query Language(SQL)preprocessing,and core caching modules.Among them,the method to improve the efficiency of the statement is to adjust operations such as multi-table joins and replacement keywords in the SQL optimizer.Build predictive models using boosted regression trees in the core caching module.Generate a series of regression tree models using machine learning algorithms.Analyze the resource occupancy rate in the power information system to dynamically adjust the voting selection of the regression tree.At the same time,the voting threshold of the prediction model is dynamically adjusted.By analogy,the cache model is re-initialized.The experimental results show that the model has a good cache hit rate and cache efficiency,and can improve the data cache performance of the power information system.It has a high hit rate and short delay time,and always maintains a good hit rate even under different computer memory;at the same time,it only occupies less space and less CPU during actual operation,which is beneficial to power The information system operates efficiently and quickly.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant Nos.2017YFA0700201,2017YFA0700202,2017YFA0700203,and 2021YFA1401001the 111 Project under Grant No.111⁃2⁃05,National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62001342+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi under Grant No.2021TD⁃07Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province under Grant No.2019JC⁃15.
文摘Implementing self-sustainable wireless communication systems is urgent and challenging for 5G and 6G technologies.In this paper,we elaborate on a system solution using the programmable metasurface(PMS)for simultaneous wireless information and power transfers(SWIPT),offering an optimized wireless energy management network.Both transmitting and receiving sides of the proposed solution are presented in detail.On the transmitting side,employing the wireless power transfer(WPT)technique,we present versatile power conveying strategies for near-field or far-field targets,single or multiple targets,and equal or unequal power targets.On the receiving side,utilizing the wireless energy harvesting(WEH)technique,we report our work on multi-functional rectifying metasurfaces that collect the wirelessly transmitted energy and the ambient energy.More importantly,a numerical model based on the plane-wave angular spectrum method is investigated to accurately calculate the radiation fields of PMS in the Fresnel and Fraunhofer regions.With this model,the efficiencies of WPT between the transmitter and the receiver are analyzed.Finally,future research directions are discussed,and integrated PMS for wireless information and wireless power is outlined.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62171187the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant 2022A1515011476+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou under Grant 201904010373the Key Program of Marine Economy Development (Six Marine Industries) Special Foundation of Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province (GDNRC [2020]009)。
文摘Wireless information and power transfer(WIPT) enables simultaneously communications and sustainable power supplement without the erection of power supply lines and the replacement operation of the batteries for the terminals. The application of WIPT to the underwater acoustic sensor networks(UWASNs) not only retains the long range communication capabilities, but also provides an auxiliary and convenient energy supplement way for the terminal sensors, and thus is a promising scheme to solve the energy-limited problem for the UWASNs. In this paper, we propose the integration of WIPT into the UWASNs and provide an overview on various enabling techniques for the WIPT based UWASNs(WIPT-UWASNs) as well as pointing out future research challenges and opportunities for WIPT-UWASNs.
基金the collaborative research program from the Microwave Energy Transmission Laboratory(METLAB)Research Insti⁃tute for Sustainable Humanosphere(RISH)Kyoto University and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology(NICT),JAPAN under Grant No.02401.
文摘Applications using simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)have increased significantly.Wireless communication technologies can be combined with the Internet of Things to develop many innovative applications using SWIPT,which is mainly based on wireless energy harvesting from electromagnetic waves used in communications.Wireless power transfer that uses magnetrons has been developed for communication technologies.Injection-locked magnetrons that can be used to facilitate high-power SWIPT for several devices are reviewed in this paper.This new technology is expected to pave the way for promoting the application of SWIPT in a wide range of fields.
基金the financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),Grant No.61971102,61871076the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province under Grant No.2022C01093.
文摘Activating Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) in Radio-Frequency (RF) to provide on-demand energy supply to widely deployed Internet of Everything devices is a key to the next-generation energy self-sustainable 6G network. However, Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) in the same RF bands is challenging. The majority of previous studies compared SWIPT performance to Gaussian signaling with an infinite alphabet, which is impossible to implement in any realistic communication system. In contrast, we study the SWIPT system in a well-known Nakagami-m wireless fading channel using practical modulation techniques with finite alphabet. The attainable rate-energy-reliability tradeoff and the corresponding rationale are revealed for fixed modulation schemes. Furthermore, an adaptive modulation-based transceiver is provided for further expanding the attainable rate-energy-reliability region based on various SWIPT performances of different modulation schemes. The modulation switching thresholds and transmit power allocation at the SWIPT transmitter and the power splitting ratios at the SWIPT receiver are jointly optimized to maximize the attainable spectrum efficiency of wireless information transfer while satisfying the WPT requirement and the instantaneous and average BER constraints. Numerical results demonstrate the SWIPT performance of various fixed modulation schemes in different fading conditions. The advantage of the adaptive modulation-based SWIPT transceiver is validated.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61571225,61271255,61232016,U1405254)the Open Foundation of Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring(Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology)(Grant No.KJR1509)+2 种基金the PAPD fundthe CICAEET fundShenzhen Strategic Emerging Industry Development Funds(JSGG20150331160845693)
文摘Considering that perfect channel state information(CSI) is difficult to obtain in practice,energy efficiency(EE) for distributed antenna systems(DAS) based on imperfect CSI and antennas selection is investigated in Rayleigh fading channel.A novel EE that is defined as the average transmission rate divided by the total consumed power is introduced.In accordance with this definition,an adaptive power allocation(PA) scheme for DAS is proposed to maximize the EE under the maximum transmit power constraint.The solution of PA in the constrained EE optimization does exist and is unique.A practical iterative algorithm with Newton method is presented to obtain the solution of PA.The proposed scheme includes the one under perfect CSI as a special case,and it only needs large scale and statistical information.As a result,the scheme has low overhead and good robustness.The theoretical EE is also derived for performance evaluation,and simulation result shows the validity of the theoretical analysis.Moreover,EE can be enhanced by decreasing the estimation error and/or path loss exponents.
基金supported in part by the Shenzhen Basic Research Program under Grant JCYJ20220531103008018,and Grants 20231120142345001 and 20231127144045001the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U20A20156.
文摘The performance of traditional regular Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)improves as the number of IRS elements increases,but more reflecting elements lead to higher IRS power consumption and greater overhead of channel estimation.The Irregular Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IIRS)can enhance the performance of the IRS as well as boost the system performance when the number of reflecting elements is limited.However,due to the lack of radio frequency chain in IRS,it is challenging for the Base Station(BS)to gather perfect Channel State Information(CSI),especially in the presence of Eavesdroppers(Eves).Therefore,in this paper we investigate the minimum transmit power problem of IIRS-aided Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer(SWIPT)secure communication system with imperfect CSI of BS-IIRS-Eves links,which is subject to the rate outage probability constraints of the Eves,the minimum rate constraints of the Information Receivers(IRs),the energy harvesting constraints of the Energy Receivers(ERs),and the topology matrix constraints.Afterward,the formulated nonconvex problem can be efficiently tackled by employing joint optimization algorithm combined with successive refinement method and adaptive topology design method.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and the superiority of IIRS.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),No.U1705263 and 61971102GF Innovative Research Programthe Sichuan Science and Technology Program,No.2019YJ0194。
文摘In order to satisfy the ever-increasing energy appetite of the massive battery-powered and batteryless communication devices,radio frequency(RF)signals have been relied upon for transferring wireless power to them.The joint coordination of wireless power transfer(WPT)and wireless information transfer(WIT)yields simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)as well as data and energy integrated communication network(DEIN).However,as a promising technique,few efforts are invested in the hardware implementation of DEIN.In order to make DEIN a reality,this paper focuses on hardware implementation of a DEIN.It firstly provides a brief tutorial on SWIPT,while summarising the latest hardware design of WPT transceiver and the existing commercial solutions.Then,a prototype design in DEIN with full protocol stack is elaborated,followed by its performance evaluation.
基金partly funded by Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61971102 and 62132004)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.22QYCX0168)the Municipal Government of Quzhou(Grant No.2021D003)。
文摘Terminal devices deployed in outdoor environments are facing a thorny problem of power supply.Data and energy integrated network(DEIN)is a promising technology to solve the problem,which simultaneously transfers data and energy through radio frequency signals.State-of-the-art researches mostly focus on theoretical aspects.By contrast,we provide a complete design and implementation of a fully functioning DEIN system with the support of an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).The UAV can be dispatched to areas of interest to remotely recharge batteryless terminals,while collecting essential information from them.Then,the UAV uploads the information to remote base stations.Our system verifies the feasibility of the DEIN in practical applications.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62201451in part by the Young Talent fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi under Grant 20210121+1 种基金in part by the Shaanxi provincial special fund for Technological innovation guidance(2022CGBX-29)in part by BUPT Excellent Ph.D.Students Foundation under Grant CX2022106.
文摘This paper investigates the system outage performance of a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)based two-way decodeand-forward(DF)relay network,where potential hardware impairments(HIs)in all transceivers are considered.After harvesting energy and decoding messages simultaneously via a power splitting scheme,the energy-limited relay node forwards the decoded information to both terminals.Each terminal combines the signals from the direct and relaying links via selection combining.We derive the system outage probability under independent but non-identically distributed Nakagami-m fading channels.It reveals an overall system ceiling(OSC)effect,i.e.,the system falls in outage if the target rate exceeds an OSC threshold that is determined by the levels of HIs.Furthermore,we derive the diversity gain of the considered network.The result reveals that when the transmission rate is below the OSC threshold,the achieved diversity gain equals the sum of the shape parameter of the direct link and the smaller shape parameter of the terminalto-relay links;otherwise,the diversity gain is zero.This is different from the amplify-and-forward(AF)strategy,under which the relaying links have no contribution to the diversity gain.Simulation results validate the analytical results and reveal that compared with the AF strategy,the SWIPT based two-way relaying links under the DF strategy are more robust to HIs and achieve a lower system outage probability.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Basic Research Program under Grant JCYJ20220531103008018,20231120142345001,20200812112423002Shenzhen Stability Support Project under Grant 20231127144045001the Double Height Construction under Grant SZIIT2022KJ023。
文摘This paper investigates Energy Harvesting Efficiency(EHE)maximization problems for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface(RIS)aided Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer(SWIPT).This system focuses on the imperfect RIS-related channel and explores the robust beamforming design to maximize the EHE of all energy receivers while respecting the maximum transmit power of the Access Point(AP),RIS phase shift constraints,and maintaining a minimum signal-to-interference plus noise ratio for all information receivers under both linear and non-linear EH models.To solve these non-convex problem,the channel uncertainty related infinite constraints are approximated by using the S-procedure.With the introduction of slack variables,the transformed subproblems can be iteratively solved using alternating algorithm.Simulation results demonstrate that RIS is able to increase the system EHE.
基金FCT/MCTES through national funds and EU funds under the project UIDB/50008/2020⁃UIDP/50008/2020Lisboa 2020 Programme,Centro 2020 programme,Portugal 2020,Euro⁃pean Union,through the European Social Fund who sup⁃ported LISBOA-05-3559-FSE-000007 and CENTRO-04-3559-FSE-000094 operations as well as to Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia(FCT)and Agência Nacional de Inovação(ANI).
文摘From a circuit implementation perspective,this paper presents a brief overview of simultaneous wireless information and power transmission(SWIPT).By using zero-power batteryless wireless sensors,SWIPT mixes wireless power transmission with wireless communications to allow the truly practical implementation of the Internet of Things as well as many other applications.In this paper,technical backgrounds,problem formation,state-of-the-art solutions,circuit implementation examples,and system integrations of SWIPT are presented.
