Objective: To test the mosquitocidal potential of leaf extracts of Pouteria campechiana prepared with different solvents and elucidate the structure of an isolated mosquitocidal compound. Methods: The leaf extracts of...Objective: To test the mosquitocidal potential of leaf extracts of Pouteria campechiana prepared with different solvents and elucidate the structure of an isolated mosquitocidal compound. Methods: The leaf extracts of Pouteria campechiana prepared with three solvents(petroleum benzene, ethyl acetate and acetone) and potential bioactive fractions were tested against various stages of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus by using the WHO protocols, and the chemical profile and its functional groups were identified by GC-MS and Fourier transmissioninfrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). The structure of bioactive compound was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectral technique. Results: The preliminary phytochemical results revealed the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, flavonoids, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids in the acetone extract. A significant toxic potential was observed in the acetone extract against both Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The acetone extract exhibits remarkable larvicidal(LC50: 12.232 μg/mL and LC90: 63.970 μg/mL), pupicidal(LC50: 18.949 μg/mL and LC90: 167.669 μg/m L) and adulticidal(LC50: 20.689 μg/mL and LC90: 72.881 μg/mL) effects against Aedes aegypti. Furthermore, the same extract was subjected to isolation of bioactive compound by GCMS and FT-IR analysis. GC-MS results showed the presence of 5 major compounds, and octacosane(18.440%) was detected as the predominant compound. The FT-IR result of acetone extract demonstrated the presence of various functional groups like alkanes/alkynes, ester, aromatic and amides. The NMR spectrum results of isolated compound were well matched to glycoside linked flavonoids. Based on the chromatography and spectral techniques the isolate molecule was identified as myricitrin by FT-IR and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. Conclusion: The isolated compound myricitrin possesses a significant toxic effect in all stages of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito’s with lowest LC50 and LC90 values.展开更多
Green solvents are being used to replace the conventional organic solvents in combination with green technologies.In this context,Peruvian Pouteria caimito fruit was used as a model for our study.The main objective wa...Green solvents are being used to replace the conventional organic solvents in combination with green technologies.In this context,Peruvian Pouteria caimito fruit was used as a model for our study.The main objective was to explore an environmentally friendly strategy for the extraction of phenolics,by microwave or maceration using ethyl lactate and methanol as extraction solvents.Thus,each extract was compared by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS)to propose an alternative for the extraction processes and their antioxidant activity.The results showed that the two extraction methods had effects on the extraction yields,with microwave-assisted extraction(17.5%in MeOH and 8.0%in ethyl lactate)proving to be a better method for extracting the phenolic compounds than maceration extraction(12.2%in MeOH and 4.3%in ethyl lactate).In the case of LC/ESI/MS/MS studies the same trend was detected.Microwave extraction detected the presence of twenty-three compounds mainly including dicaffeoylquinic acid,monocaffeoyl quinic acids,feruloylquinic acids,galloylquinic acid,protocatechuic acid hexoside,ferulic acid and quercetin;while on maceration extraction between 15 up to 17 metabolites were identified.In this sense,microwave-assisted extraction was more efficient than maceration in terms of the number of metabolites extracted.The quantitative analysis of quercetin by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)of all extracts showed no significant differences(around 8.704 up to 8.707±0.019 mg/g extract).Finally,the antioxidant activity,in terms of ORAC(oxygen radical absorbance capacity)was higher in extracts prepared by microwave(93.51–97.05 mg TE/g extract)than in those prepared by maceration(77.25–86.88 mg TE/g extract).In the case of DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl),the antioxidant activity was higher in extracts prepared by microwave(IC50:50.40–53.80μg/mL)than in those prepared by maceration(IC50:67.6–74.10μg/mL).Therefore,based on our results,a green extraction technique such as microwave-assisted extraction,compared to maceration,is faster,greener,and more sustainable alternative and could replace classical extraction techniques reducing negative side effects for both the environment and the analyst.These findings could be seen as a great potential for industrial and pharmaceutical processes to reduce the negative impact of using toxic organic solvents.展开更多
文摘Objective: To test the mosquitocidal potential of leaf extracts of Pouteria campechiana prepared with different solvents and elucidate the structure of an isolated mosquitocidal compound. Methods: The leaf extracts of Pouteria campechiana prepared with three solvents(petroleum benzene, ethyl acetate and acetone) and potential bioactive fractions were tested against various stages of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus by using the WHO protocols, and the chemical profile and its functional groups were identified by GC-MS and Fourier transmissioninfrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). The structure of bioactive compound was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectral technique. Results: The preliminary phytochemical results revealed the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, flavonoids, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids in the acetone extract. A significant toxic potential was observed in the acetone extract against both Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The acetone extract exhibits remarkable larvicidal(LC50: 12.232 μg/mL and LC90: 63.970 μg/mL), pupicidal(LC50: 18.949 μg/mL and LC90: 167.669 μg/m L) and adulticidal(LC50: 20.689 μg/mL and LC90: 72.881 μg/mL) effects against Aedes aegypti. Furthermore, the same extract was subjected to isolation of bioactive compound by GCMS and FT-IR analysis. GC-MS results showed the presence of 5 major compounds, and octacosane(18.440%) was detected as the predominant compound. The FT-IR result of acetone extract demonstrated the presence of various functional groups like alkanes/alkynes, ester, aromatic and amides. The NMR spectrum results of isolated compound were well matched to glycoside linked flavonoids. Based on the chromatography and spectral techniques the isolate molecule was identified as myricitrin by FT-IR and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. Conclusion: The isolated compound myricitrin possesses a significant toxic effect in all stages of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito’s with lowest LC50 and LC90 values.
基金supported by ANID[Fondecyt Regular,grant number 1231676]Carlos Areche acknowledges funds from Fondecyt Reg-ular[1230414].
文摘Green solvents are being used to replace the conventional organic solvents in combination with green technologies.In this context,Peruvian Pouteria caimito fruit was used as a model for our study.The main objective was to explore an environmentally friendly strategy for the extraction of phenolics,by microwave or maceration using ethyl lactate and methanol as extraction solvents.Thus,each extract was compared by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS)to propose an alternative for the extraction processes and their antioxidant activity.The results showed that the two extraction methods had effects on the extraction yields,with microwave-assisted extraction(17.5%in MeOH and 8.0%in ethyl lactate)proving to be a better method for extracting the phenolic compounds than maceration extraction(12.2%in MeOH and 4.3%in ethyl lactate).In the case of LC/ESI/MS/MS studies the same trend was detected.Microwave extraction detected the presence of twenty-three compounds mainly including dicaffeoylquinic acid,monocaffeoyl quinic acids,feruloylquinic acids,galloylquinic acid,protocatechuic acid hexoside,ferulic acid and quercetin;while on maceration extraction between 15 up to 17 metabolites were identified.In this sense,microwave-assisted extraction was more efficient than maceration in terms of the number of metabolites extracted.The quantitative analysis of quercetin by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)of all extracts showed no significant differences(around 8.704 up to 8.707±0.019 mg/g extract).Finally,the antioxidant activity,in terms of ORAC(oxygen radical absorbance capacity)was higher in extracts prepared by microwave(93.51–97.05 mg TE/g extract)than in those prepared by maceration(77.25–86.88 mg TE/g extract).In the case of DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl),the antioxidant activity was higher in extracts prepared by microwave(IC50:50.40–53.80μg/mL)than in those prepared by maceration(IC50:67.6–74.10μg/mL).Therefore,based on our results,a green extraction technique such as microwave-assisted extraction,compared to maceration,is faster,greener,and more sustainable alternative and could replace classical extraction techniques reducing negative side effects for both the environment and the analyst.These findings could be seen as a great potential for industrial and pharmaceutical processes to reduce the negative impact of using toxic organic solvents.
