<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> contamination in poultry and poultry product has been reported worldwide. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in poultry feces using selective enrichment Bolton broth and multiplex PCR. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Two methods were used in this study</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the first </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span><span style="font-family:""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">direct</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> plating of poultry feces into mCCDA agar plates. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The second</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, three</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> antibiotics were used at different concentrations to add in Bolton broth supplemented. These antibiotics were Rifampicin (Oxoid, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nepean, Ontario) with 10</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L, colistin (Oxoid, Nepean, Ontario) with 1</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL and 2</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL;trimethoprim (Oxoid, Nepean, Ontario) with 10</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L. The colonies with typical </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> morphology on blood agar (little, red </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ring colonies) were further identified to the species level by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The addition of colistin (2</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL) to the Bolton broth with selective supplements enhanced the selective isolation of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains. Out of the 52 feces samples, 18 (34.61%) were positive for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and direct plating on mCCDA 11 (21.15%) </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains (p < 0.05). The PCR results have shown that 17 (94.45%) of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains detected belonged to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coli</span> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and 1</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(5.55%) strain to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">jejuni</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Although it </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s known to be difficult to isolate </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from animal feces samples, this study show</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span><span> that antibiotic selective pressure improves the isolation efficiency of </span><i><span>Campylobacter</span></i><span> from poultry feces.展开更多
Aiming at a series of hot issues and topics,such as resource waste,environmental pollution,and Mollisol protection,related to the arbitrary discharge of livestock and poultry feces,livestock and poultry feces are take...Aiming at a series of hot issues and topics,such as resource waste,environmental pollution,and Mollisol protection,related to the arbitrary discharge of livestock and poultry feces,livestock and poultry feces are taken as the research object,a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate residents’cognition and willingness to pay(WTP)for the nonmarket value of livestock and poultry feces returning to farmland in Heilongjiang Province,China.The contingent valuation method(CVM)was used for the correlation analysis of WTP and socioeconomic characteristics,and correlation analysis of payment mode and socioeconomic characteristics.Meanwhile,the factors influencing WTP and payment mode were analyzed.The results show that the majority of the respondents are aware of the harmfulness of the arbitrary discharge of livestock and poultry feces and the importance of its nonmarket regeneration value.Approximately 90.09% of respondents were willing to pay for the return of livestock and poultry feces to fields.In 2020,the total value of WTP of livestock and poultry feces returning to farmland in Heilongjiang Province was 4.65 billion CNY,equivalent to 1.32% of the total agricultural production of Heilongjiang Province in the same year.And the nonmarket value of livestock and poultry feces is estimated to be 1456.69 CNY/t.The annual average WTP of rural and urban households is 286.42 CNY and 422.90 CNY per household,accounting for 0.46% and 0.52% of the average annual income of households,respectively.Therefore,the return of livestock and poultry feces to farmland utilization has a high nonmarket value.The analysis shows that the average annual household income is a significant factor in WTP,and the registered permanent residence type and the average annual household income are significant factors in payment mode.The research results should provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the government’s policy and decision-making on the return of livestock and poultry feces to farmland.展开更多
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> contamination in poultry and poultry product has been reported worldwide. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in poultry feces using selective enrichment Bolton broth and multiplex PCR. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Two methods were used in this study</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the first </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span><span style="font-family:""> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">direct</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> plating of poultry feces into mCCDA agar plates. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The second</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, three</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> antibiotics were used at different concentrations to add in Bolton broth supplemented. These antibiotics were Rifampicin (Oxoid, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nepean, Ontario) with 10</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L, colistin (Oxoid, Nepean, Ontario) with 1</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL and 2</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL;trimethoprim (Oxoid, Nepean, Ontario) with 10</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/L. The colonies with typical </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> morphology on blood agar (little, red </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ring colonies) were further identified to the species level by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The addition of colistin (2</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/mL) to the Bolton broth with selective supplements enhanced the selective isolation of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains. Out of the 52 feces samples, 18 (34.61%) were positive for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and direct plating on mCCDA 11 (21.15%) </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains (p < 0.05). The PCR results have shown that 17 (94.45%) of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains detected belonged to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coli</span> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and 1</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(5.55%) strain to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">jejuni</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Although it </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s known to be difficult to isolate </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Campylobacter</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from animal feces samples, this study show</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span><span> that antibiotic selective pressure improves the isolation efficiency of </span><i><span>Campylobacter</span></i><span> from poultry feces.
基金financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Project of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.2021ZXJ03B05)the Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.LBH-Q17021).
文摘Aiming at a series of hot issues and topics,such as resource waste,environmental pollution,and Mollisol protection,related to the arbitrary discharge of livestock and poultry feces,livestock and poultry feces are taken as the research object,a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate residents’cognition and willingness to pay(WTP)for the nonmarket value of livestock and poultry feces returning to farmland in Heilongjiang Province,China.The contingent valuation method(CVM)was used for the correlation analysis of WTP and socioeconomic characteristics,and correlation analysis of payment mode and socioeconomic characteristics.Meanwhile,the factors influencing WTP and payment mode were analyzed.The results show that the majority of the respondents are aware of the harmfulness of the arbitrary discharge of livestock and poultry feces and the importance of its nonmarket regeneration value.Approximately 90.09% of respondents were willing to pay for the return of livestock and poultry feces to fields.In 2020,the total value of WTP of livestock and poultry feces returning to farmland in Heilongjiang Province was 4.65 billion CNY,equivalent to 1.32% of the total agricultural production of Heilongjiang Province in the same year.And the nonmarket value of livestock and poultry feces is estimated to be 1456.69 CNY/t.The annual average WTP of rural and urban households is 286.42 CNY and 422.90 CNY per household,accounting for 0.46% and 0.52% of the average annual income of households,respectively.Therefore,the return of livestock and poultry feces to farmland utilization has a high nonmarket value.The analysis shows that the average annual household income is a significant factor in WTP,and the registered permanent residence type and the average annual household income are significant factors in payment mode.The research results should provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the government’s policy and decision-making on the return of livestock and poultry feces to farmland.
