BACKGROUND Visceral hypersensitivity is the core pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and is often accompanied by negative emotions such as anxiety or depression.Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus(PVN)cortic...BACKGROUND Visceral hypersensitivity is the core pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and is often accompanied by negative emotions such as anxiety or depression.Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus(PVN)corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF)is involved in the stress-related gastrointestinal dysfunction.Electroacupuncture(EA)has unique advantages for the treatment of visceral hypersensitivity and negative emotions in IBS patients.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate the pathological mechanisms visceral hypersensitivity and negative emotions in IBS,as well as the effect mechanism of EA.METHODS A model of diarrhoeal IBS(IBS-D)with negative emotions was prepared by chronic restraint combined with glacial acetic acid enema.The effect of EA was verified by abdominal withdrawal reflex and open-field test.PVN CRFcolonic mast cell(MC)/transient potential receptor vanilloid type 1(TRPV1)pathway was detected by immunofluorescence,Western blot,ELISA,and toluidine blue staining.Moreover,PVN CRFergic neurons were activated or inhibited by chemogenetical technique to observe the changes of effect indicator.RESULTS In the model group,IBS-D symptoms and negative emotions were successfully induced.Notably,the combination of Baihui(GV20)with Tianshu(ST25)and Dachangshu(BL25)acupoints showed the greatest efficacy in improving the negative emotions and visceral hypersensitivity in model mice.Furthermore,we found that EA inhibited overactivated PVN CRFergic neurons and the overexpression of serum CRF,colonic CRF,CRF-receptor 1(CRFR1),mast cell tryptase(MCT),protease-activated receptor 2 and TRPV1 in model mice.Moreover,we found that activating PVN CRFergic neurons induced negative emotions and visceral hypersensitivity in normal mice;however,inhibiting PVN CRFergic neurons alleviated negative emotions and intestinal symptoms in model mice and decreased the expression of colonic CRF-R1,MCT,and TRPV1.CONCLUSION This research highlights the key role of PVN CRF-MC CRF-R1 and the downstream MC/TRPV1 pathway in the pathological process of IBS-D and the mechanism of the effect of EA.展开更多
Current research on the neuroprotective regulatory mechanism of folic acid(FA)is limited to a single DNA methylation pathway.Consequently,this study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of FA on memory-impaired...Current research on the neuroprotective regulatory mechanism of folic acid(FA)is limited to a single DNA methylation pathway.Consequently,this study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of FA on memory-impaired mice and its molecular mechanism.This study explored the preventive function of FA in enhancing memory impairment in scopolamine-induced mice using behavioral tests,histological staining techniques,Fourier transform infrared microscopy,immunofluorescence,and Western blotting.We found that FA improved behavioral performance,ameliorated oxidative stress,repaired neuronal damage in hippocampal CA1,CA3 regions and increased the number of Nissl body,increased unsaturated lipid levels,and activated long-term potentiation(LTP)pathway(p-CaMKII,p-CREB,BDNF)and synaptic plasticity(PSD95,Syn)in mice,which indicated that FA mitigates scopolamine-induced memory impairment by suppressing oxidative stress,upregulating the LTP pathway,and enhancing unsaturated lipid levels.These results suggested a preventive and dose-dependent effect of folic acid on memory impairment.展开更多
基金Supported by the Excellent Youth Project of Anhui Universities,No.2022AH030065National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82474224 and No.82405244+3 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.2408085MH223Open Projects of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Meridian Viscera Correlationship,No.2024AHMVC04Research Project of Xin’an Medical and Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Institute,No.2023CXMMTCM016the Anhui Province Scientific Research Planning Project,No.2022AH050438.
文摘BACKGROUND Visceral hypersensitivity is the core pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and is often accompanied by negative emotions such as anxiety or depression.Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus(PVN)corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF)is involved in the stress-related gastrointestinal dysfunction.Electroacupuncture(EA)has unique advantages for the treatment of visceral hypersensitivity and negative emotions in IBS patients.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate the pathological mechanisms visceral hypersensitivity and negative emotions in IBS,as well as the effect mechanism of EA.METHODS A model of diarrhoeal IBS(IBS-D)with negative emotions was prepared by chronic restraint combined with glacial acetic acid enema.The effect of EA was verified by abdominal withdrawal reflex and open-field test.PVN CRFcolonic mast cell(MC)/transient potential receptor vanilloid type 1(TRPV1)pathway was detected by immunofluorescence,Western blot,ELISA,and toluidine blue staining.Moreover,PVN CRFergic neurons were activated or inhibited by chemogenetical technique to observe the changes of effect indicator.RESULTS In the model group,IBS-D symptoms and negative emotions were successfully induced.Notably,the combination of Baihui(GV20)with Tianshu(ST25)and Dachangshu(BL25)acupoints showed the greatest efficacy in improving the negative emotions and visceral hypersensitivity in model mice.Furthermore,we found that EA inhibited overactivated PVN CRFergic neurons and the overexpression of serum CRF,colonic CRF,CRF-receptor 1(CRFR1),mast cell tryptase(MCT),protease-activated receptor 2 and TRPV1 in model mice.Moreover,we found that activating PVN CRFergic neurons induced negative emotions and visceral hypersensitivity in normal mice;however,inhibiting PVN CRFergic neurons alleviated negative emotions and intestinal symptoms in model mice and decreased the expression of colonic CRF-R1,MCT,and TRPV1.CONCLUSION This research highlights the key role of PVN CRF-MC CRF-R1 and the downstream MC/TRPV1 pathway in the pathological process of IBS-D and the mechanism of the effect of EA.
基金support provided by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100505).
文摘Current research on the neuroprotective regulatory mechanism of folic acid(FA)is limited to a single DNA methylation pathway.Consequently,this study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of FA on memory-impaired mice and its molecular mechanism.This study explored the preventive function of FA in enhancing memory impairment in scopolamine-induced mice using behavioral tests,histological staining techniques,Fourier transform infrared microscopy,immunofluorescence,and Western blotting.We found that FA improved behavioral performance,ameliorated oxidative stress,repaired neuronal damage in hippocampal CA1,CA3 regions and increased the number of Nissl body,increased unsaturated lipid levels,and activated long-term potentiation(LTP)pathway(p-CaMKII,p-CREB,BDNF)and synaptic plasticity(PSD95,Syn)in mice,which indicated that FA mitigates scopolamine-induced memory impairment by suppressing oxidative stress,upregulating the LTP pathway,and enhancing unsaturated lipid levels.These results suggested a preventive and dose-dependent effect of folic acid on memory impairment.
