In this paper,potent index of an element and pseudo clean rings are considered.Some properties and examples of pseudo clean rings are given.We also show that Zm is pseudo clean for every 2≤m∈Z and pseudo clean rings...In this paper,potent index of an element and pseudo clean rings are considered.Some properties and examples of pseudo clean rings are given.We also show that Zm is pseudo clean for every 2≤m∈Z and pseudo clean rings are clean.Furthermore,we prove pseudo clean rings are directly finite and have stable range one.展开更多
Acupuncture has been broadly used as a major therapeutic tool for at least 2,100 years in East Asia. Acupuncture is used for improving the pathological condition of remote organs, such as stomach, liver, brain, etc. b...Acupuncture has been broadly used as a major therapeutic tool for at least 2,100 years in East Asia. Acupuncture is used for improving the pathological condition of remote organs, such as stomach, liver, brain, etc. by stimulating skin and muscle with fine metal needles through meridians which have been regarded as pathways of Qi within the body （Ernst, 2006）. Physicians in East Asia have tried to treat many kinds of diseases by acupuncture and it was considerably success- ful. Various diseases for which acupuncture is known to be effective, are neurological diseases, including sequelae of stroke, Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, Parkinson＇s disease （PD）, and so on （Nam et al., 2013）.展开更多
Grifolin,a secondary metabolite isolated from the fresh fruiting bodies of mushroom Albatrellus confluens,inhibits the growth of some cancer cell lines in vitro by induction of apoptosis in the previous studies of our...Grifolin,a secondary metabolite isolated from the fresh fruiting bodies of mushroom Albatrellus confluens,inhibits the growth of some cancer cell lines in vitro by induction of apoptosis in the previous studies of our group.However,the mechanisms are not completely understood.An expression profiling analysis of apoptosis-related gene provided a clue that death-associated protein kinase 1(dapk1)gene was upregulated at least twofold in response to grifolin treatment in展开更多
Glia-derived axonal growth inhibitory proteins limit functional repair following damage to the adult cen- tral nervous system （CNS）. Nogo proteins, myelin-as- sociated glycoprotein （MAG）, oligodendrocyte myelin gl...Glia-derived axonal growth inhibitory proteins limit functional repair following damage to the adult cen- tral nervous system （CNS）. Nogo proteins, myelin-as- sociated glycoprotein （MAG）, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein （OMgp） and B lymphocyte stimulator （BLyS）, are 4 inhibitors that commonly interact with the neuronal receptor, Nogo receptor-1 （NgR1）, lead- ing to inhibition of axonal growth. Here, we demon- strate that lateral olfactory tract usher substance （LOTUS） binds to NgR1 and blocks the binding of all four ligands to NgR1, resulting in the suppression of axonal growth inhibition induced by these NgR1 li- gands. LOTUS allows neurons to overcome NgRl-me- diated axonal growth inhibition, raising the possibility that LOTUS may be useful in future therapeutic ap- proaches as an endogenous potent inhibitor of NgR1 for promoting neuronal regeneration.展开更多
This review briefly describes the origin,chemistry,molecular mechanism of action,pharmacology,toxicology,and ecotoxicology of palytoxin and its analogues. Palytoxin and its analogues are produced by marine dinoflagell...This review briefly describes the origin,chemistry,molecular mechanism of action,pharmacology,toxicology,and ecotoxicology of palytoxin and its analogues. Palytoxin and its analogues are produced by marine dinoflagellates. Palytoxin is also produced by Zoanthids（i.e. Palythoa）,and Cyanobacteria（Trichodesmium）. Palytoxin is a very large,non-proteinaceous molecule with a complex chemical structure having both lipophilic and hydrophilic moieties. Palytoxin is one of the most potent marine toxins with an LD50 of 150 ng/kg body weight in mice exposed intravenously. Pharmacological and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that palytoxin acts as a hemolysin and alters the function of excitable cells through multiple mechanisms of action. Palytoxin selectively binds to Na＋/K＋-ATPase with a Kd of 20 p M and transforms the pump into a channel permeable to monovalent cations with a single-channel conductance of 10 p S. This mechanism of action could have multiple effects on cells. Evaluation of palytoxin toxicity using various animal models revealed that palytoxin is an extremely potent neurotoxin following an intravenous,intraperitoneal,intramuscular,subcutaneous or intratracheal route of exposure. Palytoxin also causes non-lethal,yet serious toxic effects following dermal or ocular exposure. Most incidents of palytoxin poisoning have manifested after oral intake of contaminated seafood. Poisonings in humans have also been noted after inhalation,cutaneous/systemic exposures with direct contact of aerosolized seawater during Ostreopsis blooms and/or through maintaining aquaria containing Cnidarian zoanthids. Palytoxin has a strong potential for toxicity in humans and animals,and currently this toxin is of great concern worldwide.展开更多
Let B(X) be the Banach algebra of all bounded linear operators on a complex Banach space X. Let k greater than or equal to 2 be an integer and phi a weakly continuous linear surjective map from B(X) into itself. It is...Let B(X) be the Banach algebra of all bounded linear operators on a complex Banach space X. Let k greater than or equal to 2 be an integer and phi a weakly continuous linear surjective map from B(X) into itself. It is shown that phi is k-potent preserving if and only if it is k-th-power preserving, and in turn, if and only if it is either an automorphism or an antiautomorphism on B(X) multiplied by a complex number lambda satisfying lambda(k-1) = 1. Let A be a von Neumann algebra and B be a Banach algebra, it is also shown that a bounded surjective linear map from A onto B is k-potent preserving if and only if it is a Jordan homomorphism multiplied by an invertible element with (k - 1)-th power I.展开更多
Using the improved Energy-Environmental Version of the GTAP Model (GTAP-E) and the sixth version of emission database of non-CO2 greenhouse gases, we simulate the emission reduction potential of non-CO2 greenhouse gas...Using the improved Energy-Environmental Version of the GTAP Model (GTAP-E) and the sixth version of emission database of non-CO2 greenhouse gases, we simulate the emission reduction potential of non-CO2 greenhouse gases in China and its policy implications. The results show that at present, China is a country with the greatest emission of non-CO2 greenhouse gases in the world, and the emission will account for about 20% of the world's total emission in 2020. The proportion of emission of non-CO2 greenhouse gases from the agricultural sector reaches 73%. In the next 10 years, the emission of non-CO2 gases from cattle and sheep, industry and service industry will experience the highest growth rate; the growth rate of emission from service industry will be higher than that of emission from industry, and the emission from service industry will exceed that from industry after 2010. China can implement emission reduction policy of non-CO2 greenhouse gases to ease the international pressure of CO2 emission reduction. Although the high carbon tax collected can reduce considerable non-CO2 emission, there is little difference in policy efficiency between high carbon tax and low carbon tax. So, in the implementation of emission reduction carbon tax policy of non-CO2 gases, it is necessary to control the carbon tax at a low level.展开更多
Seventeen novel ilexgenin A hybrids（lA-aspirin） and（IA-NO）,as donor hybrids（IA-NO will release NO in vivo and function as NO donor）,were designed and synthesized in order to develop new multi-targeting agents fo...Seventeen novel ilexgenin A hybrids（lA-aspirin） and（IA-NO）,as donor hybrids（IA-NO will release NO in vivo and function as NO donor）,were designed and synthesized in order to develop new multi-targeting agents for the treatment of platelet disorders.Their in vitro activities against ADP,AA and thrombin were evaluated.As a result,IA hybrids achieved substantial increases in the three tested pathways compared with IA.Encouragingly,the most potent hybrid compounds 6d and 14d displayed about 8-fold higher potency than aspirin,and 3-fold higher potency than the simultaneous administration of aspirin and IA in inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation with IC_（50） values of 0.15 mmol/L and 0.14 mmol/L,respectively. The results suggest these IA hybrids are good candidates for multi-target therapies,and especially,may be considered as promising ADP agonists.展开更多
Antitumor effects of combined transfer of suicidegene and cytokine gene were investigated in this report.Adenovirus harboring E.coli. cytosine deaminase (CD)gene (Ad-CD) and murine interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene(Ad-IL-2) w...Antitumor effects of combined transfer of suicidegene and cytokine gene were investigated in this report.Adenovirus harboring E.coli. cytosine deaminase (CD)gene (Ad-CD) and murine interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene(Ad-IL-2) were used for gene transfer in vitro and invivo. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated subcutaneously withB16F10 melanoma cells and three days later treated withadenovirus injection at the site of tumor inoculation.Significant inhibition of tumor growth was achieved展开更多
The effects of highly-potent atrial natriuretic peptide (HPANP) on circulating re nin-angiotensin-aldos-terone system (RAAS) and cardiac function were studied in an acute ischemic heart failure model. HPANP (6 μg/kg ...The effects of highly-potent atrial natriuretic peptide (HPANP) on circulating re nin-angiotensin-aldos-terone system (RAAS) and cardiac function were studied in an acute ischemic heart failure model. HPANP (6 μg/kg and 3 μg/kg) was infused intracoronarily. It was found that both doses of HPANP could cause significant decrease in plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (AII) and aldosterone (Ald). After the administraticn of HPANP, PRA, AII and Ald in the coronary sinus were decreased by 73. 2% (P<0.01), 68. o% (P<0.01) and 73. 6% (P<0.01), and the hormones in peripheral venous blood by 63. 3% (P<0.01), 53. 3% (P<0.01) and 64. 9% (P<0.01), respectively at the dose of 6 μg/kg. While PRA, AII and Ald in the coronary sinus and in peripheral venous blood decreased by 55. 9%, 55. 3%, 61. 9%, and 54. 0%, 42. 3%, 53, 3%, respectively at the 3μg/kg dose level. At the higher dose, HPANP increased left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP, +13. 1%, P<0. 05), +dP/dtmax(+24.1 %, P<0.01), -dp/dtmax (+35.9%, P<0.01), and VCE(+28.9%, P<0.05). Mean arterial pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were decreased (-15.0%, P<0.01, and 29. 6%, P<0.01, respectively). In contrast, the lower dose caused no significant changes of LVSP, +dp/dtmex,dp/dtmax and VCE(not including LVEDP, - 20. 5 %, P<0.05). Neither of the doses caused significant changes in heart rate and T value- Normal saline infusion has no effects on cardiac function and circulating RAAS- We conclude that in ischemic heart failure, intracoronary administration of HPANP can significantly suppress the activity of circulating RAAS, and improve cardiac function by reducing pre- and after-load of the heart, but has no direct myocardial effects.展开更多
Action-potential encoded optical second harmonic generation(SHG)has been recently proposedfor use in det ecting the axonal damage in patients with demnyelinat ing diseases.In this study,thecharact erization of signal ...Action-potential encoded optical second harmonic generation(SHG)has been recently proposedfor use in det ecting the axonal damage in patients with demnyelinat ing diseases.In this study,thecharact erization of signal conduction along axons of two different levels of denyelination wasstudied via a modified Hodgkin Huxley model,because some types of demyelinating disease,i.e.primary progressive and secondary progesive multiple scleross,are dificult to be distinguishedby magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),we focused on the diferences in signal conduction between two diferent demyelinated axons,such as the first-level demyelination and the second.level demyelination.The spatio-temporal distribution of action potentials along denyelinatedaxons and conduction properties including the refractory period and frequency encoding in theset wo patterns were investigated.The results showed that denyelination could induce the decreaseboth in the amplitude of action potentials and the ability of frequency coding,Furthermore,t hesignal conduction velocity in the second-level dernyelination was about 21%slower than that inthe first-level demyelination.The refractory period in the second-level demyelination was about32%longer t han the first-level.Thus,detecting the signal conduction in demnyelinat ed axons byaction-potential encoded optical SHG could greatly improve the assessment of demyelinatingdisorders to classify the patients.This technique also offers a potential fast and noninvasiveoptical approach for monitoring membrane potential.展开更多
A subacute toxicity study of a potent tetanus toxoid (250 Lf) was carried out in guinea pigs.The toxoid was injected subcutaneously at the nape of the neck at dose levels of 1.0, 1.5.and 2.0 ml in Groups Ⅱ. Ⅲ. and ...A subacute toxicity study of a potent tetanus toxoid (250 Lf) was carried out in guinea pigs.The toxoid was injected subcutaneously at the nape of the neck at dose levels of 1.0, 1.5.and 2.0 ml in Groups Ⅱ. Ⅲ. and Ⅳ, respectively.In the controls (Group Ⅰ) 2.0 ml of aluminum phosphate suspension was given in each injection.Periodic evaluations of body weight, food/water intake, general observable behavior, hematology.and blood chemistry in toxoid-injected guinea pigs were similar to those in control guinea pigs.Thus, the toxoid did not cause any side effects up to four times the dose proposed for humans.1990 Academic Press, Inc.展开更多
Glaxo Laboratories, Bombay, have prepared a potent tetanus vaccine of 250 Lf as a substitute of the previous 5 Lf tetanus vaccine. The safety evaluation of the vaccine has been reported, but the teratogenic potential ...Glaxo Laboratories, Bombay, have prepared a potent tetanus vaccine of 250 Lf as a substitute of the previous 5 Lf tetanus vaccine. The safety evaluation of the vaccine has been reported, but the teratogenic potential was not studied. In the experiment reported herein we have studied the teratogenic action of the vaccine in the progeny of rabbits. No congenital anomalies were observed.展开更多
Athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous and intracerebral human glioma xenografts were used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal anti-body-adriamycin immunoconjugates against malignant gliomas in vivo. Immu...Athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous and intracerebral human glioma xenografts were used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal anti-body-adriamycin immunoconjugates against malignant gliomas in vivo. Immunoconjugates showed a significantly stronger antitumor effect with a T/C (treated/ control tumor volume) of 30% as compared with free drug (T/C of 84%). The targeting treatment with immunoconjugates significantly prolonged 54% of median survival time of nude mice. Side effects of immunoconjugates on the normal bone marrow and small intestines were much slighter than those of the free drug. The results of this study indicate that the use of monoclonal antibodies as carriers of anti-tumor agents may have many therapeutic advantages and potential for the treatment of brain gliomas.展开更多
Earthworms play a vital role in enhancing soil quality and structure in agricultural ecosystems.This study investigated the diversity of earthworm species found in banana and guava orchards in Nakhon Pathom,Thailand,w...Earthworms play a vital role in enhancing soil quality and structure in agricultural ecosystems.This study investigated the diversity of earthworm species found in banana and guava orchards in Nakhon Pathom,Thailand,where 166 samples were collected.The results showed that 56.63%of earthworms were in the adult stage.In the banana orchard,researchers identified two families and four species:from the family Megascolecidae,they found Amynthas alexandri,Metaphire posthuma,and Polypheretima elongata,along with one species from the family Moniligastridae,Drawida sp.In the guava orchard,two families and two species were identified:from the family Megascolecidae,Metaphire posthuma,and from the family Moniligastridae,Drawida sp.Fungi isolated from the intestines of earthworms,precisely the strains EW2,EW3,EW6,EW13,EW16,EW23,EW25,EW26,EW28,EW38,EW39,EW40,EW41,EW43,and EW44,have demonstrated the ability to produce cellulase.Among these,the fungus EW41 exhibited the highest cellulase activity,measuring 32.97 units per milliliter at an optimal temperature of 60℃ and a pH of 5.0.This study high-ranlightsthat most earthworm species in agricultural soils belong to the family Megascolecidae.Furthermore,earthwormsplay a crucial role in enhancing the chemical properties of the soil.The cellulolytic fungi present in earthworm intestinescontribute to the natural decomposition of organic matter,thereby promoting soil health by converting plant residuesinto nutrient-rich compost.These findings suggest promising applications of earthworm-associated fungi in sustainableagriculture and organic waste management.展开更多
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly the Omicron variant and its sublineages, continually threaten the global public health.Small molecule antivirals are an effective treatment strategy to fight against the viru...Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly the Omicron variant and its sublineages, continually threaten the global public health.Small molecule antivirals are an effective treatment strategy to fight against the virus. However, the first-generation antivirals eithershow limited clinical efficacy and/or have some defects in pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Moreover, with increased use of thesedrugs across the globe, they face great pressure of drug resistance. We herein present the discovery and characterization of a newgeneration antiviral drug candidate (SY110), which is a potent and selective inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Thiscompound displayed potent in vitro antiviral activity against not only the predominant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineage BA.5, butalso other highly pathogenic human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. In the Omicron-infected K18-hACE2mouse model, oral treatment with SY110 significantly lowered the viral burdens in lung and alleviated the virus-induced pathology.Importantly, SY110 possesses favorable PK properties with high oral drug exposure and oral bioavailability, and also an outstandingsafety profile. Furthermore, SY110 exhibited sensitivity to several drug-resistance Mpro mutations. Collectively, this investigationprovides a promising new drug candidate against Omicron and other variants of SARS-CoV-2.展开更多
Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) continues to pose serious threats to pediatric populations due to the lack of a vaccine and effective antiviral drugs. RSV fusion(F) glycoprotein mediates viral-host membrane fusion an...Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) continues to pose serious threats to pediatric populations due to the lack of a vaccine and effective antiviral drugs. RSV fusion(F) glycoprotein mediates viral-host membrane fusion and is a key target for neutralizing antibodies. We generated 23 full-human monoclonal antibodies(hm Abs) against prefusion F protein(pre-F) from a healthy adult with natural RSV infection by single B cell cloning technique. A highly potent RSV-neutralizing hm Ab, named as 25-20, is selected, which targets a new site Φ-specific epitope. Site-directed mutagenesis and structural modelling analysis demonstrated that 25-20 mainly targets a highly conserved hydrophobic region located at the a4 helix and a1 helix of pre-F, indicating a site of vulnerability for drug and vaccine design. It is worth noting that 25-20 uses an unreported inferred germline(i GL) that binds very poorly to pre-F, thus high levels of somatic mutations are needed to gain high binding affinity with pre-F. Our observation helps to understand the evolution of RSV antibody during natural infection. Furthermore, by in silico prediction and experimental verification, we optimized 25-20 with KD values as low as picomolar range. Therefore, the optimized 25-20 represents an excellent candidate for passive protection against RSV infection.展开更多
In this paper we give a characterization for certain HNN extensions oi suogroup separable groups with normal associated subgroups to be weakly potent. We then apply our result to show that certain HNN extensions of fi...In this paper we give a characterization for certain HNN extensions oi suogroup separable groups with normal associated subgroups to be weakly potent. We then apply our result to show that certain HNN extensions of finitely generated nilpotent groups with central associated subgroups are weakly potent.展开更多
Take the static electric field as an example. Suppose there is a two-dimensional harmonic field on complex plane Z, whose complex potential function W=U(x,y)+iV(x,y). Then the magnitude of electric field gradient
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12301041)。
文摘In this paper,potent index of an element and pseudo clean rings are considered.Some properties and examples of pseudo clean rings are given.We also show that Zm is pseudo clean for every 2≤m∈Z and pseudo clean rings are clean.Furthermore,we prove pseudo clean rings are directly finite and have stable range one.
基金supported by the project of National Junior Research Fellowship,which National Research Foundation of Korea conducts from 2012
文摘Acupuncture has been broadly used as a major therapeutic tool for at least 2,100 years in East Asia. Acupuncture is used for improving the pathological condition of remote organs, such as stomach, liver, brain, etc. by stimulating skin and muscle with fine metal needles through meridians which have been regarded as pathways of Qi within the body （Ernst, 2006）. Physicians in East Asia have tried to treat many kinds of diseases by acupuncture and it was considerably success- ful. Various diseases for which acupuncture is known to be effective, are neurological diseases, including sequelae of stroke, Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, Parkinson＇s disease （PD）, and so on （Nam et al., 2013）.
文摘Grifolin,a secondary metabolite isolated from the fresh fruiting bodies of mushroom Albatrellus confluens,inhibits the growth of some cancer cell lines in vitro by induction of apoptosis in the previous studies of our group.However,the mechanisms are not completely understood.An expression profiling analysis of apoptosis-related gene provided a clue that death-associated protein kinase 1(dapk1)gene was upregulated at least twofold in response to grifolin treatment in
基金supported by a grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology of Japangrants for Research and Development project of Yokohama City University
文摘Glia-derived axonal growth inhibitory proteins limit functional repair following damage to the adult cen- tral nervous system （CNS）. Nogo proteins, myelin-as- sociated glycoprotein （MAG）, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein （OMgp） and B lymphocyte stimulator （BLyS）, are 4 inhibitors that commonly interact with the neuronal receptor, Nogo receptor-1 （NgR1）, lead- ing to inhibition of axonal growth. Here, we demon- strate that lateral olfactory tract usher substance （LOTUS） binds to NgR1 and blocks the binding of all four ligands to NgR1, resulting in the suppression of axonal growth inhibition induced by these NgR1 li- gands. LOTUS allows neurons to overcome NgRl-me- diated axonal growth inhibition, raising the possibility that LOTUS may be useful in future therapeutic ap- proaches as an endogenous potent inhibitor of NgR1 for promoting neuronal regeneration.
基金supported by Long Term Development Plan of University Hospital Hradec Kralove and University of Hradec Kralove,the Project of Excellence FIM UHK,as well as,Yangtze Youth Talents Fund(Yangtze University)
文摘This review briefly describes the origin,chemistry,molecular mechanism of action,pharmacology,toxicology,and ecotoxicology of palytoxin and its analogues. Palytoxin and its analogues are produced by marine dinoflagellates. Palytoxin is also produced by Zoanthids（i.e. Palythoa）,and Cyanobacteria（Trichodesmium）. Palytoxin is a very large,non-proteinaceous molecule with a complex chemical structure having both lipophilic and hydrophilic moieties. Palytoxin is one of the most potent marine toxins with an LD50 of 150 ng/kg body weight in mice exposed intravenously. Pharmacological and electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that palytoxin acts as a hemolysin and alters the function of excitable cells through multiple mechanisms of action. Palytoxin selectively binds to Na＋/K＋-ATPase with a Kd of 20 p M and transforms the pump into a channel permeable to monovalent cations with a single-channel conductance of 10 p S. This mechanism of action could have multiple effects on cells. Evaluation of palytoxin toxicity using various animal models revealed that palytoxin is an extremely potent neurotoxin following an intravenous,intraperitoneal,intramuscular,subcutaneous or intratracheal route of exposure. Palytoxin also causes non-lethal,yet serious toxic effects following dermal or ocular exposure. Most incidents of palytoxin poisoning have manifested after oral intake of contaminated seafood. Poisonings in humans have also been noted after inhalation,cutaneous/systemic exposures with direct contact of aerosolized seawater during Ostreopsis blooms and/or through maintaining aquaria containing Cnidarian zoanthids. Palytoxin has a strong potential for toxicity in humans and animals,and currently this toxin is of great concern worldwide.
基金The project is partially supported by NNSFC and PNSFS
文摘Let B(X) be the Banach algebra of all bounded linear operators on a complex Banach space X. Let k greater than or equal to 2 be an integer and phi a weakly continuous linear surjective map from B(X) into itself. It is shown that phi is k-potent preserving if and only if it is k-th-power preserving, and in turn, if and only if it is either an automorphism or an antiautomorphism on B(X) multiplied by a complex number lambda satisfying lambda(k-1) = 1. Let A be a von Neumann algebra and B be a Banach algebra, it is also shown that a bounded surjective linear map from A onto B is k-potent preserving if and only if it is a Jordan homomorphism multiplied by an invertible element with (k - 1)-th power I.
文摘Using the improved Energy-Environmental Version of the GTAP Model (GTAP-E) and the sixth version of emission database of non-CO2 greenhouse gases, we simulate the emission reduction potential of non-CO2 greenhouse gases in China and its policy implications. The results show that at present, China is a country with the greatest emission of non-CO2 greenhouse gases in the world, and the emission will account for about 20% of the world's total emission in 2020. The proportion of emission of non-CO2 greenhouse gases from the agricultural sector reaches 73%. In the next 10 years, the emission of non-CO2 gases from cattle and sheep, industry and service industry will experience the highest growth rate; the growth rate of emission from service industry will be higher than that of emission from industry, and the emission from service industry will exceed that from industry after 2010. China can implement emission reduction policy of non-CO2 greenhouse gases to ease the international pressure of CO2 emission reduction. Although the high carbon tax collected can reduce considerable non-CO2 emission, there is little difference in policy efficiency between high carbon tax and low carbon tax. So, in the implementation of emission reduction carbon tax policy of non-CO2 gases, it is necessary to control the carbon tax at a low level.
基金supported by a grant from the Postgraduate Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No. CX09B_284Z)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK2012378)
文摘Seventeen novel ilexgenin A hybrids（lA-aspirin） and（IA-NO）,as donor hybrids（IA-NO will release NO in vivo and function as NO donor）,were designed and synthesized in order to develop new multi-targeting agents for the treatment of platelet disorders.Their in vitro activities against ADP,AA and thrombin were evaluated.As a result,IA hybrids achieved substantial increases in the three tested pathways compared with IA.Encouragingly,the most potent hybrid compounds 6d and 14d displayed about 8-fold higher potency than aspirin,and 3-fold higher potency than the simultaneous administration of aspirin and IA in inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation with IC_（50） values of 0.15 mmol/L and 0.14 mmol/L,respectively. The results suggest these IA hybrids are good candidates for multi-target therapies,and especially,may be considered as promising ADP agonists.
文摘Antitumor effects of combined transfer of suicidegene and cytokine gene were investigated in this report.Adenovirus harboring E.coli. cytosine deaminase (CD)gene (Ad-CD) and murine interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene(Ad-IL-2) were used for gene transfer in vitro and invivo. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated subcutaneously withB16F10 melanoma cells and three days later treated withadenovirus injection at the site of tumor inoculation.Significant inhibition of tumor growth was achieved
文摘The effects of highly-potent atrial natriuretic peptide (HPANP) on circulating re nin-angiotensin-aldos-terone system (RAAS) and cardiac function were studied in an acute ischemic heart failure model. HPANP (6 μg/kg and 3 μg/kg) was infused intracoronarily. It was found that both doses of HPANP could cause significant decrease in plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (AII) and aldosterone (Ald). After the administraticn of HPANP, PRA, AII and Ald in the coronary sinus were decreased by 73. 2% (P<0.01), 68. o% (P<0.01) and 73. 6% (P<0.01), and the hormones in peripheral venous blood by 63. 3% (P<0.01), 53. 3% (P<0.01) and 64. 9% (P<0.01), respectively at the dose of 6 μg/kg. While PRA, AII and Ald in the coronary sinus and in peripheral venous blood decreased by 55. 9%, 55. 3%, 61. 9%, and 54. 0%, 42. 3%, 53, 3%, respectively at the 3μg/kg dose level. At the higher dose, HPANP increased left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP, +13. 1%, P<0. 05), +dP/dtmax(+24.1 %, P<0.01), -dp/dtmax (+35.9%, P<0.01), and VCE(+28.9%, P<0.05). Mean arterial pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were decreased (-15.0%, P<0.01, and 29. 6%, P<0.01, respectively). In contrast, the lower dose caused no significant changes of LVSP, +dp/dtmex,dp/dtmax and VCE(not including LVEDP, - 20. 5 %, P<0.05). Neither of the doses caused significant changes in heart rate and T value- Normal saline infusion has no effects on cardiac function and circulating RAAS- We conclude that in ischemic heart failure, intracoronary administration of HPANP can significantly suppress the activity of circulating RAAS, and improve cardiac function by reducing pre- and after-load of the heart, but has no direct myocardial effects.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61335011Program for Changjiang,Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University under Grant No.IRT1115the Fund from Fujian Normal University under Grant No.2008100218.
文摘Action-potential encoded optical second harmonic generation(SHG)has been recently proposedfor use in det ecting the axonal damage in patients with demnyelinat ing diseases.In this study,thecharact erization of signal conduction along axons of two different levels of denyelination wasstudied via a modified Hodgkin Huxley model,because some types of demyelinating disease,i.e.primary progressive and secondary progesive multiple scleross,are dificult to be distinguishedby magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),we focused on the diferences in signal conduction between two diferent demyelinated axons,such as the first-level demyelination and the second.level demyelination.The spatio-temporal distribution of action potentials along denyelinatedaxons and conduction properties including the refractory period and frequency encoding in theset wo patterns were investigated.The results showed that denyelination could induce the decreaseboth in the amplitude of action potentials and the ability of frequency coding,Furthermore,t hesignal conduction velocity in the second-level dernyelination was about 21%slower than that inthe first-level demyelination.The refractory period in the second-level demyelination was about32%longer t han the first-level.Thus,detecting the signal conduction in demnyelinat ed axons byaction-potential encoded optical SHG could greatly improve the assessment of demyelinatingdisorders to classify the patients.This technique also offers a potential fast and noninvasiveoptical approach for monitoring membrane potential.
文摘A subacute toxicity study of a potent tetanus toxoid (250 Lf) was carried out in guinea pigs.The toxoid was injected subcutaneously at the nape of the neck at dose levels of 1.0, 1.5.and 2.0 ml in Groups Ⅱ. Ⅲ. and Ⅳ, respectively.In the controls (Group Ⅰ) 2.0 ml of aluminum phosphate suspension was given in each injection.Periodic evaluations of body weight, food/water intake, general observable behavior, hematology.and blood chemistry in toxoid-injected guinea pigs were similar to those in control guinea pigs.Thus, the toxoid did not cause any side effects up to four times the dose proposed for humans.1990 Academic Press, Inc.
文摘Glaxo Laboratories, Bombay, have prepared a potent tetanus vaccine of 250 Lf as a substitute of the previous 5 Lf tetanus vaccine. The safety evaluation of the vaccine has been reported, but the teratogenic potential was not studied. In the experiment reported herein we have studied the teratogenic action of the vaccine in the progeny of rabbits. No congenital anomalies were observed.
文摘Athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous and intracerebral human glioma xenografts were used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of monoclonal anti-body-adriamycin immunoconjugates against malignant gliomas in vivo. Immunoconjugates showed a significantly stronger antitumor effect with a T/C (treated/ control tumor volume) of 30% as compared with free drug (T/C of 84%). The targeting treatment with immunoconjugates significantly prolonged 54% of median survival time of nude mice. Side effects of immunoconjugates on the normal bone marrow and small intestines were much slighter than those of the free drug. The results of this study indicate that the use of monoclonal antibodies as carriers of anti-tumor agents may have many therapeutic advantages and potential for the treatment of brain gliomas.
文摘Earthworms play a vital role in enhancing soil quality and structure in agricultural ecosystems.This study investigated the diversity of earthworm species found in banana and guava orchards in Nakhon Pathom,Thailand,where 166 samples were collected.The results showed that 56.63%of earthworms were in the adult stage.In the banana orchard,researchers identified two families and four species:from the family Megascolecidae,they found Amynthas alexandri,Metaphire posthuma,and Polypheretima elongata,along with one species from the family Moniligastridae,Drawida sp.In the guava orchard,two families and two species were identified:from the family Megascolecidae,Metaphire posthuma,and from the family Moniligastridae,Drawida sp.Fungi isolated from the intestines of earthworms,precisely the strains EW2,EW3,EW6,EW13,EW16,EW23,EW25,EW26,EW28,EW38,EW39,EW40,EW41,EW43,and EW44,have demonstrated the ability to produce cellulase.Among these,the fungus EW41 exhibited the highest cellulase activity,measuring 32.97 units per milliliter at an optimal temperature of 60℃ and a pH of 5.0.This study high-ranlightsthat most earthworm species in agricultural soils belong to the family Megascolecidae.Furthermore,earthwormsplay a crucial role in enhancing the chemical properties of the soil.The cellulolytic fungi present in earthworm intestinescontribute to the natural decomposition of organic matter,thereby promoting soil health by converting plant residuesinto nutrient-rich compost.These findings suggest promising applications of earthworm-associated fungi in sustainableagriculture and organic waste management.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China[82130104,81930125,T2221004(S.Y.)22107081(B.Q.)],National Key R&D Program of China[2022YFC2303701 and 2021YFF0702004(J.L.)],1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence+7 种基金West China Hospital,Sichuan University[ZYXY21001(S.Y.)ZYYC21008(J.L.)],the fast-track grants of SARS-CoV-2 research,West China Hospital,Sichuan University[HX-2019-nCoV-053(S.Y.)]National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital,Sichuan University[Z2021JC008(J.L.)]National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Young Scientists Fund(Hong Kong and Macao)[32122001(H.C.)]the Health and Medical Research Fund[CID-HKU1-5,COVID1903010-14,and 20190652(H.C.)]the Food and Health Bureau,The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Regionthe General Research Fund[17118621,17123920 and 17119122(H.C.)]of Research Grants Council,the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Regionthe National Program on Key Research Project of China[2020YFA0707500 and 2020YFA0707504(H.C.)].
文摘Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly the Omicron variant and its sublineages, continually threaten the global public health.Small molecule antivirals are an effective treatment strategy to fight against the virus. However, the first-generation antivirals eithershow limited clinical efficacy and/or have some defects in pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Moreover, with increased use of thesedrugs across the globe, they face great pressure of drug resistance. We herein present the discovery and characterization of a newgeneration antiviral drug candidate (SY110), which is a potent and selective inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Thiscompound displayed potent in vitro antiviral activity against not only the predominant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineage BA.5, butalso other highly pathogenic human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. In the Omicron-infected K18-hACE2mouse model, oral treatment with SY110 significantly lowered the viral burdens in lung and alleviated the virus-induced pathology.Importantly, SY110 possesses favorable PK properties with high oral drug exposure and oral bioavailability, and also an outstandingsafety profile. Furthermore, SY110 exhibited sensitivity to several drug-resistance Mpro mutations. Collectively, this investigationprovides a promising new drug candidate against Omicron and other variants of SARS-CoV-2.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018YFA0507402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270991,82041015,31630024,81761128009,32100123,32100751,81991492 and 82041039)。
文摘Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) continues to pose serious threats to pediatric populations due to the lack of a vaccine and effective antiviral drugs. RSV fusion(F) glycoprotein mediates viral-host membrane fusion and is a key target for neutralizing antibodies. We generated 23 full-human monoclonal antibodies(hm Abs) against prefusion F protein(pre-F) from a healthy adult with natural RSV infection by single B cell cloning technique. A highly potent RSV-neutralizing hm Ab, named as 25-20, is selected, which targets a new site Φ-specific epitope. Site-directed mutagenesis and structural modelling analysis demonstrated that 25-20 mainly targets a highly conserved hydrophobic region located at the a4 helix and a1 helix of pre-F, indicating a site of vulnerability for drug and vaccine design. It is worth noting that 25-20 uses an unreported inferred germline(i GL) that binds very poorly to pre-F, thus high levels of somatic mutations are needed to gain high binding affinity with pre-F. Our observation helps to understand the evolution of RSV antibody during natural infection. Furthermore, by in silico prediction and experimental verification, we optimized 25-20 with KD values as low as picomolar range. Therefore, the optimized 25-20 represents an excellent candidate for passive protection against RSV infection.
文摘In this paper we give a characterization for certain HNN extensions oi suogroup separable groups with normal associated subgroups to be weakly potent. We then apply our result to show that certain HNN extensions of finitely generated nilpotent groups with central associated subgroups are weakly potent.
文摘Take the static electric field as an example. Suppose there is a two-dimensional harmonic field on complex plane Z, whose complex potential function W=U(x,y)+iV(x,y). Then the magnitude of electric field gradient
