Background A major public health problem around the world today is mental illness. Although there are several studies on the topic, it is rarely conducted in the context like the current study. Aims This study aims to...Background A major public health problem around the world today is mental illness. Although there are several studies on the topic, it is rarely conducted in the context like the current study. Aims This study aims to find out the attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry and mental illness as a clinical medicine major and evaluate the effects of clinical posting on their attitudes towards psychiatry and mental illness. Methods This is a longitudinal study of 6 months* duration conducted with students in their fifth semester of medical college in Western India during the academic year of 2016-2017. The participants were assessed by pro forma containing demographic details, and the questionnaires—Attitude Towards Psychiatry-30 items (ATP-30) scale and Mental Illness Clinician's Attitude (MICA) scale, which were presented to the students at the beginning and at the end of their psychiatry clinical posting. The statistical analysis was done with GraphPad, InStat V.3.06. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The students' attitudes towards psychiatry were neutral at the beginning of the psychiatry clinical posting, and improved significantly at the end of the posting on both scales: ATP-30 (p=0.002) and MICA (p=0.048). The students became more positive towards the subject and mental illness in general, negative attitudes also reduced but the change was not statistically significant (p=0.058). We found significant improvement in students' thinking towards being a psychiatrist in the future post-term (p=0.0002). The changes in attitude in terms of gender were equivocal, with an increase in positive attitude and reduction in negative attitude post-term in both sexes. Conclusion Psychiatry clinical posting aids in cultivating positive attitude towards psychiatry and mental illness and reduces the stigma associated with the students of this major and psychiatric patients.展开更多
More than ever before, environmental preservation has been a critical issue for the survival of the world’s habitat. An attempt to explore global trends in environmental monitoring using numerous ways based on differ...More than ever before, environmental preservation has been a critical issue for the survival of the world’s habitat. An attempt to explore global trends in environmental monitoring using numerous ways based on different techniques is an exercise in the right direction. This is expedient, given the recent overwhelming growing rate of environmental pollution of advertisement graphical bills worldwide. Posting of advertisement graphical bills constitutes one of the biggest threats to man and his environment as it now appears and as we live in an age of growing sensitivity to environmental cleanliness. Pollution of the Nigerian cities through advertisement bills assumes the general term of outdoor advertising ranging from hand-printed signs, posters, painted bulletins and spectaculars. However this paper discusses the trends of posting graphic advertisement bills in Nigerian cities. Its impact on aesthetics, as well as the pollution problems associated with the urban development. The study areas are Abuja, Akure, Ibadan and Lagos. In order to ensure that each unit of the population is represented, random sampling technique was used to get the necessary information from the samples. The findings emphasize the importance of strict control and market regulations in posting of advertisement bill in built environment and eradication of pollution of the environment.展开更多
This paper finds that less favorable investor sentiment is associated with a higher level of audit-related job postings,driven by reduced corporate reputation,increased investor attention and greater regulatory pressu...This paper finds that less favorable investor sentiment is associated with a higher level of audit-related job postings,driven by reduced corporate reputation,increased investor attention and greater regulatory pressure.Furthermore,the impact of investor sentiment on audit-related job postings is less pronounced when companies are audited by industry-specialist audit firms and more pronounced when the importance of clients to the audit firm is higher.The main findings remain robust after a series of endogeneity and robustness tests.展开更多
Objective:Family medicine,epidemiology,health management and health promotion are the core disciplines of community medicine.In this paper,we discuss the development of a commu-nity posting program within the framewor...Objective:Family medicine,epidemiology,health management and health promotion are the core disciplines of community medicine.In this paper,we discuss the development of a commu-nity posting program within the framework of community medicine core disciplines at a primary health centre attached to a teaching hospital in Puducherry,India.Methods:This is a process documentation of our experience.Results:There were some shortcomings which revolved around the central theme that post-ings were conducted with department in the teaching hospital as the focal point,not the primary health centre(PHC).To address the shortcomings,we made some changes in the existing com-munity posting program in 2013.Student feedback aimed at Kirkpatrick level 1(satisfaction)evaluation revealed that they appreciated the benefits of having the posting with PHC as the focal point.Feedback recommended some further changes in the community posting which could be addressed through complete administrative control of the primary health centre as urban health and training center of the teaching hospital;and also through practice of core disciplines of com-munity medicine by faculty of community medicine.Conclusion:It is important to introduce the medical undergraduates to the core disciplines of community medicine early through community postings.Community postings should be con-ducted with primary health centre or urban health and training centre as the focal point.展开更多
Ufmylation is an ubiquitin-like post-translational modification characterized by the covalent binding of mature UFM1 to target proteins.Although the consequences of ufmylation on target proteins are not fully understo...Ufmylation is an ubiquitin-like post-translational modification characterized by the covalent binding of mature UFM1 to target proteins.Although the consequences of ufmylation on target proteins are not fully understood,its importance is evident from the disorders resulting from its dysfunction.Numerous case reports have established a link between biallelic loss-of-function and/or hypomorphic variants in ufmylation-related genes and a spectrum of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders.展开更多
Cardiac arrest(CA)is a critical condition in the field of cardiovascular medicine.Despite successful resuscitation,patients continue to have a high mortality rate,largely due to post CA syndrome(PCAS).However,the inju...Cardiac arrest(CA)is a critical condition in the field of cardiovascular medicine.Despite successful resuscitation,patients continue to have a high mortality rate,largely due to post CA syndrome(PCAS).However,the injury and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PCAS remain unclear.Experimental animal models are valuable tools for exploring the etiology,pathogenesis,and potential interventions for CA and PCAS.Current CA animal models include electrical induction of ventricular fibrillation(VF),myocardial infarction,high potassium,asphyxia,and hemorrhagic shock.Although these models do not fully replicate the complexity of clinical CA,the mechanistic insights they provide remain highly relevant,including post-CA brain injury(PCABI),post-CA myocardial dysfunction(PAMD),systemic ischaemia/reperfusion injury(IRI),and the persistent precipitating pathology.Summarizing the methods of establishing CA models,the challenges encountered in the modeling process,and the mechanisms of PCAS can provide a foundation for developing standardized CA modeling protocols.展开更多
Deep in the Tengger Desert of Inner Mongolia autonomous region,surrounded by sand as far as the eye can see,lies the world's loneliest post office.Measuring only 15 square meters,the wooden post office doesn't...Deep in the Tengger Desert of Inner Mongolia autonomous region,surrounded by sand as far as the eye can see,lies the world's loneliest post office.Measuring only 15 square meters,the wooden post office doesn't get too many visitors anyway.But after being abandoned for over 35 years,it actually doesn't look half bad.展开更多
During its millennium of development,the ancient Shu Road system fostered a unique post station culture.In the Qin and Han dynasties,various postal service facilities,termed you,ting,yi,zhi,and si,emerged along the Ba...During its millennium of development,the ancient Shu Road system fostered a unique post station culture.In the Qin and Han dynasties,various postal service facilities,termed you,ting,yi,zhi,and si,emerged along the Baoxie Road,an important segment of the Shu Road system.In the Tang Dynasty,a dense network of post stations was built along the Shu Road.It was during this period that the post stations gained refined names on a substantial scale.Their names were based on the landscapes,resources,histories,and geographical locations of their sites,all of which displayed the characteristics of local gazetteers.During the Tang and Song dynasties,the post stations became large-scale facilities with well-established functions and beautiful environments.The Shu Road post station culture was carried forward in the Ming and Qing dynasties.However,due to frequent warfare and destruction,the Shu Road post station culture was on a declining trajectory during this period.Additionally,the means of transportation exhibited characteristics that varied with time to adapt to the terrain features of the Shu Road system.During the Qin and Han dynasties,transportation was primarily achieved by courier and horse relays.During the Three Kingdoms period,Zhuge Liang devised wooden oxen and gliding horses to transport military supplies and provisions.In the Tang Dynasty,the administration of horses saw remarkable progress,and horses became the primary means of transportation,supplemented by mail coaches.From the Song to the Ming and Qing dynasties,horses,donkeys,and sedans all served as transportation,reflecting the diversity of transportation means in the later periods of imperial China.展开更多
Bio-polyol is considered as a core material to synthesize eco-friendly polyurethane products.However,one of the popular bio-polyols,polytrimethylene ether glycol(PO3G),is reluctant to crystallize and therefore exhibit...Bio-polyol is considered as a core material to synthesize eco-friendly polyurethane products.However,one of the popular bio-polyols,polytrimethylene ether glycol(PO3G),is reluctant to crystallize and therefore exhibits a cold crystallization behavior.This abnormal behavior causes unstable mechanical properties at low-temperature and limits its applications in shape memory devices where crystallization is an essential mechanism.To analyze the unusual phenomenon,we compared different ether polyols focusing on symmetry characteristics and the evenodd effect of carbon backbones.It is found that PO3G has a slow crystallization rate because its ether linkages require specific chain arrangement for attractive interactions.Consequently,a thermal learning mechanism is developed to restore the normal crystallization behavior of elastomers synthesized from the bio-polyol.Repetitive heating and cooling cycles with high-temperature annealing induce urethane exchange reaction and reconstruct the chain orientations for fast crystallization.Results suggest the degree of crystallizations in polyurethane elastomer can be precisely controlled by introducing repetitive thermal treatments to enhance the potential applications of bio-polyols in polymer industries.展开更多
BACKGROUND Elobixibat reportedly improves bowel movements in patients with chronic constipation.However,its effect on bowel movements in elderly patients with chronic constipation in clinical settings has not been exa...BACKGROUND Elobixibat reportedly improves bowel movements in patients with chronic constipation.However,its effect on bowel movements in elderly patients with chronic constipation in clinical settings has not been examined.AIM To examine bowel movement frequency and stool form before and after elobixibat administration in elderly patients with chronic constipation at our clinic.METHODS A total of 10 mg elobixibat was administered to 35(<65 years old)patients and 45(≥65 years old)patients with chronic constipation.The frequency of bowel movements and stool forms,assessed using the Bristol Stool Form Scale(BSFS),were compared between the two groups 1 week before and after elobixibat administration.RESULTS In patients aged<65 years with chronic constipation,the pre-elobixibat frequency of bowel movements and BSFS scores were 2.167±0.732 and 2.286±0.742,respectively.After elobixibat administration,the frequency of bowel movements and BSFS scores improved to 2.389±0.502 and 3.995±0.566,respectively,showing a significant improvement in bowel movement status.In patients aged≥65 years with chronic constipation,the pre-elobixibat frequency of bowel movements and BSFS scores were 2.003±0.733 and 2.217±0.758,respectively.After elobixibat administration,the frequency of bowel movements and BSFS scores improved to 4.402±1.346 and 3.800±0.704,respectively,indicating an improvement in bowel movement status(P<0.001).No significant differences were observed in the frequency and improvement status of bowel movements or BSFS scores between patients with chronic constipation aged≥65 years and<65 years.Adverse events due to the administration of elobixibat occurred in 16 cases(20%).No significant differences were found in the incidence of adverse events between patients with chronic constipation aged<65 years(8 cases,22.9%)and those aged≥65 years(8 cases,17.8%).CONCLUSION Elobixibat is effective in improving bowel movement status in patients with chronic constipation.No significant differences were found in the improvement of bowel movement status or the incidence of adverse events between patients with chronic constipation aged<65 years and≥65 years,suggesting that the drug may be safely used in elderly patients.展开更多
Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)is one of the most widely used plastic materials worldwide,particularly in long-life applications such as construction materials.However,recycling options for PVC waste remain limited,as convent...Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)is one of the most widely used plastic materials worldwide,particularly in long-life applications such as construction materials.However,recycling options for PVC waste remain limited,as conventional methods often degrade material quality or generate environmentally hazardous byproducts.In this study,we demonstrate an efficient process to convert PVC into new polymers with variable aromatic groups,using triethylsilane as the reductant in different solvents.This approach enables the production of polymers analogous to functionalized polyethylene(PE),which are typically challenging to obtain through conventional copolymerization or direct post-modification of C-H bonds in PE.The resulting polymers exhibit tunable thermal and mechanical properties depending on the introduced aromatic groups,which not only enhance the sustainable valorization of PVC waste,but also provide an opportunity for the synthesis of new functionalized polymers.展开更多
Perioperative morbidity of esophagectomy significantly affects the surgical outcome,like any major gastrointestinal procedure.Despite introduction of minimally invasive esophagectomy,the morbidity is still close to 30...Perioperative morbidity of esophagectomy significantly affects the surgical outcome,like any major gastrointestinal procedure.Despite introduction of minimally invasive esophagectomy,the morbidity is still close to 30%-40%.The common complications following esophagectomy are pulmonary infections,cardiac events,anastomotic leakage,bleeding,chylous leak,and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy which in turn lead to longer hospital stay,increased treatment cost and poor quality of life.A nomographic model comprising preoperative(patient,disease and treatment related)and intraoperative factors in combination with Artificial Intelligence may accurately identify the patients at higher risk of morbidity.This will aid in optimizing the modifiable risk factors preoperatively,and closely monitor these patients post operatively for early identification of complications and to initiate early corrective measures to improve the surgical outcome.展开更多
The effects of post heat treatment on the microstructure,aging kinetics,and room/elevated temperature mechanical properties of additively manufactured Inconel 718 superalloy were investigated.Scanning electron microsc...The effects of post heat treatment on the microstructure,aging kinetics,and room/elevated temperature mechanical properties of additively manufactured Inconel 718 superalloy were investigated.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD),and X-ray diffraction(XRD),as well as hardness,tensile,and creep testing were used for characterization.At temperatures higher than 1100°C,homogenization treatment resulted in the appearance of equiaxed grains by recrystallization and diminishing the dislocation density.The precipitation activation energy for the homogenized and aged condition was obtained as 203.2 kJ/mol,which was higher than the value of~160 kJ/mol for the as-built IN718 superalloy.Therefore,direct aging resulted in a faster aging response,which led to a significant improvement in tensile properties,as rationalized by the strengthening mechanisms.Direct aging treatment resulted in a higher elevated-temperature ultimate tensile strength(UTS)as well as the optimum creep life and the lowest minimum creep rate in comparison with other heat treatment routes,which were attributed to the presence of fine and uniformly dispersed strengthening precipitates in conjunction with the high dislocation density.展开更多
Cardiac arrest is associated with high rates of mortality and significant long-term neurological disability in survivors.Timely and accurate assessment following successful resuscitation is critical for optimizing out...Cardiac arrest is associated with high rates of mortality and significant long-term neurological disability in survivors.Timely and accurate assessment following successful resuscitation is critical for optimizing outcomes.Imaging plays a central role in this evaluation process,providing crucial insights into the etiology of arrest,the extent of cerebral and cardiac injury,and guiding both acute management and long-term prognostication.A structured,multimodal imaging approach utilizing tools such as computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,echocardiography,and angiography is increasingly recognized as es-sential in the post-cardiac arrest setting.This review aims to consolidate current evidence related to the use of various imaging modalities across neurological,cardiac and systemic contexts.Particular emphasis is placed on the prognostic value and optimal timing of neuroimaging,the detection of potentially reversible causes of arrest,such as coronary occlusion or pulmonary embolism,and the emerging role of whole-body imaging in evaluating patients with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.展开更多
BACKGROUND Military personnel frequently face unique psychological challenges due to highstress environments,which increase the risk of mental health issues like anxiety and depression.Acceptance and commitment therap...BACKGROUND Military personnel frequently face unique psychological challenges due to highstress environments,which increase the risk of mental health issues like anxiety and depression.Acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT)has shown potential in addressing these issues by enhancing psychological flexibility and resilience.AIM To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of ACT in improving the mental health of military personnel.Through a scoping review and meta-analysis,we quantitatively assess the impact of ACT on psychological outcomes,guiding future research and clinical practice.METHODS Relevant literature was searched systematically from database inception to June 30,2023,across multiple databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Embase.The Joanna Briggs Institute's(JBI)scoping review guidelines were used as the methodological framework.Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model,and publication bias was assessed through Egger's regression test and Begg's funnel plot.RESULTS Twenty-six studies were included,highlighting the application of ACT in addressing PTSD,chronic pain,anxiety,and depression among military personnel.The meta-analysis of eight studies demonstrated a significant positive effect of ACT on mental health,with a pooled mean difference of-4.99(95%CI:-6.53 to-3.45).Despite high heterogeneity(I^(2)=63%),sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings.CONCLUSION This study underscores the potential of ACT as an effective intervention for improving the mental health of military personnel.Future research should focus on large-scale,multi-center RCTs to further validate these findings,particularly within diverse military populations.展开更多
FIVE decades ago,the establishment of China-EU diplomatic ties signaled a significant shift in the post-war world order.This year,as leaders gathered in Beijing for the 25th China-EU Summit commemorating this mileston...FIVE decades ago,the establishment of China-EU diplomatic ties signaled a significant shift in the post-war world order.This year,as leaders gathered in Beijing for the 25th China-EU Summit commemorating this milestone,they faced a turbulent global landscape marked by geopolitical friction,economic uncertainty,and contested rules.展开更多
文摘Background A major public health problem around the world today is mental illness. Although there are several studies on the topic, it is rarely conducted in the context like the current study. Aims This study aims to find out the attitudes of medical students towards psychiatry and mental illness as a clinical medicine major and evaluate the effects of clinical posting on their attitudes towards psychiatry and mental illness. Methods This is a longitudinal study of 6 months* duration conducted with students in their fifth semester of medical college in Western India during the academic year of 2016-2017. The participants were assessed by pro forma containing demographic details, and the questionnaires—Attitude Towards Psychiatry-30 items (ATP-30) scale and Mental Illness Clinician's Attitude (MICA) scale, which were presented to the students at the beginning and at the end of their psychiatry clinical posting. The statistical analysis was done with GraphPad, InStat V.3.06. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The students' attitudes towards psychiatry were neutral at the beginning of the psychiatry clinical posting, and improved significantly at the end of the posting on both scales: ATP-30 (p=0.002) and MICA (p=0.048). The students became more positive towards the subject and mental illness in general, negative attitudes also reduced but the change was not statistically significant (p=0.058). We found significant improvement in students' thinking towards being a psychiatrist in the future post-term (p=0.0002). The changes in attitude in terms of gender were equivocal, with an increase in positive attitude and reduction in negative attitude post-term in both sexes. Conclusion Psychiatry clinical posting aids in cultivating positive attitude towards psychiatry and mental illness and reduces the stigma associated with the students of this major and psychiatric patients.
文摘More than ever before, environmental preservation has been a critical issue for the survival of the world’s habitat. An attempt to explore global trends in environmental monitoring using numerous ways based on different techniques is an exercise in the right direction. This is expedient, given the recent overwhelming growing rate of environmental pollution of advertisement graphical bills worldwide. Posting of advertisement graphical bills constitutes one of the biggest threats to man and his environment as it now appears and as we live in an age of growing sensitivity to environmental cleanliness. Pollution of the Nigerian cities through advertisement bills assumes the general term of outdoor advertising ranging from hand-printed signs, posters, painted bulletins and spectaculars. However this paper discusses the trends of posting graphic advertisement bills in Nigerian cities. Its impact on aesthetics, as well as the pollution problems associated with the urban development. The study areas are Abuja, Akure, Ibadan and Lagos. In order to ensure that each unit of the population is represented, random sampling technique was used to get the necessary information from the samples. The findings emphasize the importance of strict control and market regulations in posting of advertisement bill in built environment and eradication of pollution of the environment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72373099)Shenzhen Fundamental Research(Key Program)(Grant No.JCYJ20240813142906009)+2 种基金Excellent Graduate Mentor Team Cultivation Project of Shenzhen University for financial supportRui Xu would like to thank the Guangdong Provincial Department of Education’s Characteristic Innovation Project(2024KTSCX179)Key Scientific Research Project of the Audit Office of Guangdong Province for 2024–2025(24GDSJZC035023).
文摘This paper finds that less favorable investor sentiment is associated with a higher level of audit-related job postings,driven by reduced corporate reputation,increased investor attention and greater regulatory pressure.Furthermore,the impact of investor sentiment on audit-related job postings is less pronounced when companies are audited by industry-specialist audit firms and more pronounced when the importance of clients to the audit firm is higher.The main findings remain robust after a series of endogeneity and robustness tests.
文摘Objective:Family medicine,epidemiology,health management and health promotion are the core disciplines of community medicine.In this paper,we discuss the development of a commu-nity posting program within the framework of community medicine core disciplines at a primary health centre attached to a teaching hospital in Puducherry,India.Methods:This is a process documentation of our experience.Results:There were some shortcomings which revolved around the central theme that post-ings were conducted with department in the teaching hospital as the focal point,not the primary health centre(PHC).To address the shortcomings,we made some changes in the existing com-munity posting program in 2013.Student feedback aimed at Kirkpatrick level 1(satisfaction)evaluation revealed that they appreciated the benefits of having the posting with PHC as the focal point.Feedback recommended some further changes in the community posting which could be addressed through complete administrative control of the primary health centre as urban health and training center of the teaching hospital;and also through practice of core disciplines of com-munity medicine by faculty of community medicine.Conclusion:It is important to introduce the medical undergraduates to the core disciplines of community medicine early through community postings.Community postings should be con-ducted with primary health centre or urban health and training centre as the focal point.
文摘Ufmylation is an ubiquitin-like post-translational modification characterized by the covalent binding of mature UFM1 to target proteins.Although the consequences of ufmylation on target proteins are not fully understood,its importance is evident from the disorders resulting from its dysfunction.Numerous case reports have established a link between biallelic loss-of-function and/or hypomorphic variants in ufmylation-related genes and a spectrum of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFC3002205)the Postgraduate Research and Innovation Program of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(2022BKY113),China.
文摘Cardiac arrest(CA)is a critical condition in the field of cardiovascular medicine.Despite successful resuscitation,patients continue to have a high mortality rate,largely due to post CA syndrome(PCAS).However,the injury and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PCAS remain unclear.Experimental animal models are valuable tools for exploring the etiology,pathogenesis,and potential interventions for CA and PCAS.Current CA animal models include electrical induction of ventricular fibrillation(VF),myocardial infarction,high potassium,asphyxia,and hemorrhagic shock.Although these models do not fully replicate the complexity of clinical CA,the mechanistic insights they provide remain highly relevant,including post-CA brain injury(PCABI),post-CA myocardial dysfunction(PAMD),systemic ischaemia/reperfusion injury(IRI),and the persistent precipitating pathology.Summarizing the methods of establishing CA models,the challenges encountered in the modeling process,and the mechanisms of PCAS can provide a foundation for developing standardized CA modeling protocols.
文摘Deep in the Tengger Desert of Inner Mongolia autonomous region,surrounded by sand as far as the eye can see,lies the world's loneliest post office.Measuring only 15 square meters,the wooden post office doesn't get too many visitors anyway.But after being abandoned for over 35 years,it actually doesn't look half bad.
基金This paper is a phased achievement of the project“Organization and Research of the Shu Road Literature”(Project No.17ZDA190),a major project of the National Social Science Fund of China.
文摘During its millennium of development,the ancient Shu Road system fostered a unique post station culture.In the Qin and Han dynasties,various postal service facilities,termed you,ting,yi,zhi,and si,emerged along the Baoxie Road,an important segment of the Shu Road system.In the Tang Dynasty,a dense network of post stations was built along the Shu Road.It was during this period that the post stations gained refined names on a substantial scale.Their names were based on the landscapes,resources,histories,and geographical locations of their sites,all of which displayed the characteristics of local gazetteers.During the Tang and Song dynasties,the post stations became large-scale facilities with well-established functions and beautiful environments.The Shu Road post station culture was carried forward in the Ming and Qing dynasties.However,due to frequent warfare and destruction,the Shu Road post station culture was on a declining trajectory during this period.Additionally,the means of transportation exhibited characteristics that varied with time to adapt to the terrain features of the Shu Road system.During the Qin and Han dynasties,transportation was primarily achieved by courier and horse relays.During the Three Kingdoms period,Zhuge Liang devised wooden oxen and gliding horses to transport military supplies and provisions.In the Tang Dynasty,the administration of horses saw remarkable progress,and horses became the primary means of transportation,supplemented by mail coaches.From the Song to the Ming and Qing dynasties,horses,donkeys,and sedans all served as transportation,reflecting the diversity of transportation means in the later periods of imperial China.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2024-00451587)supported by Post-plastic Specialized Graduate Program through the Korea Environmental Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)funded by the Ministry of Environment(MOE).
文摘Bio-polyol is considered as a core material to synthesize eco-friendly polyurethane products.However,one of the popular bio-polyols,polytrimethylene ether glycol(PO3G),is reluctant to crystallize and therefore exhibits a cold crystallization behavior.This abnormal behavior causes unstable mechanical properties at low-temperature and limits its applications in shape memory devices where crystallization is an essential mechanism.To analyze the unusual phenomenon,we compared different ether polyols focusing on symmetry characteristics and the evenodd effect of carbon backbones.It is found that PO3G has a slow crystallization rate because its ether linkages require specific chain arrangement for attractive interactions.Consequently,a thermal learning mechanism is developed to restore the normal crystallization behavior of elastomers synthesized from the bio-polyol.Repetitive heating and cooling cycles with high-temperature annealing induce urethane exchange reaction and reconstruct the chain orientations for fast crystallization.Results suggest the degree of crystallizations in polyurethane elastomer can be precisely controlled by introducing repetitive thermal treatments to enhance the potential applications of bio-polyols in polymer industries.
文摘BACKGROUND Elobixibat reportedly improves bowel movements in patients with chronic constipation.However,its effect on bowel movements in elderly patients with chronic constipation in clinical settings has not been examined.AIM To examine bowel movement frequency and stool form before and after elobixibat administration in elderly patients with chronic constipation at our clinic.METHODS A total of 10 mg elobixibat was administered to 35(<65 years old)patients and 45(≥65 years old)patients with chronic constipation.The frequency of bowel movements and stool forms,assessed using the Bristol Stool Form Scale(BSFS),were compared between the two groups 1 week before and after elobixibat administration.RESULTS In patients aged<65 years with chronic constipation,the pre-elobixibat frequency of bowel movements and BSFS scores were 2.167±0.732 and 2.286±0.742,respectively.After elobixibat administration,the frequency of bowel movements and BSFS scores improved to 2.389±0.502 and 3.995±0.566,respectively,showing a significant improvement in bowel movement status.In patients aged≥65 years with chronic constipation,the pre-elobixibat frequency of bowel movements and BSFS scores were 2.003±0.733 and 2.217±0.758,respectively.After elobixibat administration,the frequency of bowel movements and BSFS scores improved to 4.402±1.346 and 3.800±0.704,respectively,indicating an improvement in bowel movement status(P<0.001).No significant differences were observed in the frequency and improvement status of bowel movements or BSFS scores between patients with chronic constipation aged≥65 years and<65 years.Adverse events due to the administration of elobixibat occurred in 16 cases(20%).No significant differences were found in the incidence of adverse events between patients with chronic constipation aged<65 years(8 cases,22.9%)and those aged≥65 years(8 cases,17.8%).CONCLUSION Elobixibat is effective in improving bowel movement status in patients with chronic constipation.No significant differences were found in the improvement of bowel movement status or the incidence of adverse events between patients with chronic constipation aged<65 years and≥65 years,suggesting that the drug may be safely used in elderly patients.
基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z240029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22472004)+2 种基金China National Petroleum Corporation-Peking University Strategic Cooperation Project of Fundamental Researchthe New Cornerstone Science Foundationsupport from the Tencent Foundation through the Xplorer Prize.
文摘Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)is one of the most widely used plastic materials worldwide,particularly in long-life applications such as construction materials.However,recycling options for PVC waste remain limited,as conventional methods often degrade material quality or generate environmentally hazardous byproducts.In this study,we demonstrate an efficient process to convert PVC into new polymers with variable aromatic groups,using triethylsilane as the reductant in different solvents.This approach enables the production of polymers analogous to functionalized polyethylene(PE),which are typically challenging to obtain through conventional copolymerization or direct post-modification of C-H bonds in PE.The resulting polymers exhibit tunable thermal and mechanical properties depending on the introduced aromatic groups,which not only enhance the sustainable valorization of PVC waste,but also provide an opportunity for the synthesis of new functionalized polymers.
文摘Perioperative morbidity of esophagectomy significantly affects the surgical outcome,like any major gastrointestinal procedure.Despite introduction of minimally invasive esophagectomy,the morbidity is still close to 30%-40%.The common complications following esophagectomy are pulmonary infections,cardiac events,anastomotic leakage,bleeding,chylous leak,and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy which in turn lead to longer hospital stay,increased treatment cost and poor quality of life.A nomographic model comprising preoperative(patient,disease and treatment related)and intraoperative factors in combination with Artificial Intelligence may accurately identify the patients at higher risk of morbidity.This will aid in optimizing the modifiable risk factors preoperatively,and closely monitor these patients post operatively for early identification of complications and to initiate early corrective measures to improve the surgical outcome.
文摘The effects of post heat treatment on the microstructure,aging kinetics,and room/elevated temperature mechanical properties of additively manufactured Inconel 718 superalloy were investigated.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD),and X-ray diffraction(XRD),as well as hardness,tensile,and creep testing were used for characterization.At temperatures higher than 1100°C,homogenization treatment resulted in the appearance of equiaxed grains by recrystallization and diminishing the dislocation density.The precipitation activation energy for the homogenized and aged condition was obtained as 203.2 kJ/mol,which was higher than the value of~160 kJ/mol for the as-built IN718 superalloy.Therefore,direct aging resulted in a faster aging response,which led to a significant improvement in tensile properties,as rationalized by the strengthening mechanisms.Direct aging treatment resulted in a higher elevated-temperature ultimate tensile strength(UTS)as well as the optimum creep life and the lowest minimum creep rate in comparison with other heat treatment routes,which were attributed to the presence of fine and uniformly dispersed strengthening precipitates in conjunction with the high dislocation density.
文摘Cardiac arrest is associated with high rates of mortality and significant long-term neurological disability in survivors.Timely and accurate assessment following successful resuscitation is critical for optimizing outcomes.Imaging plays a central role in this evaluation process,providing crucial insights into the etiology of arrest,the extent of cerebral and cardiac injury,and guiding both acute management and long-term prognostication.A structured,multimodal imaging approach utilizing tools such as computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,echocardiography,and angiography is increasingly recognized as es-sential in the post-cardiac arrest setting.This review aims to consolidate current evidence related to the use of various imaging modalities across neurological,cardiac and systemic contexts.Particular emphasis is placed on the prognostic value and optimal timing of neuroimaging,the detection of potentially reversible causes of arrest,such as coronary occlusion or pulmonary embolism,and the emerging role of whole-body imaging in evaluating patients with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
文摘BACKGROUND Military personnel frequently face unique psychological challenges due to highstress environments,which increase the risk of mental health issues like anxiety and depression.Acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT)has shown potential in addressing these issues by enhancing psychological flexibility and resilience.AIM To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of ACT in improving the mental health of military personnel.Through a scoping review and meta-analysis,we quantitatively assess the impact of ACT on psychological outcomes,guiding future research and clinical practice.METHODS Relevant literature was searched systematically from database inception to June 30,2023,across multiple databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Embase.The Joanna Briggs Institute's(JBI)scoping review guidelines were used as the methodological framework.Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model,and publication bias was assessed through Egger's regression test and Begg's funnel plot.RESULTS Twenty-six studies were included,highlighting the application of ACT in addressing PTSD,chronic pain,anxiety,and depression among military personnel.The meta-analysis of eight studies demonstrated a significant positive effect of ACT on mental health,with a pooled mean difference of-4.99(95%CI:-6.53 to-3.45).Despite high heterogeneity(I^(2)=63%),sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings.CONCLUSION This study underscores the potential of ACT as an effective intervention for improving the mental health of military personnel.Future research should focus on large-scale,multi-center RCTs to further validate these findings,particularly within diverse military populations.
文摘FIVE decades ago,the establishment of China-EU diplomatic ties signaled a significant shift in the post-war world order.This year,as leaders gathered in Beijing for the 25th China-EU Summit commemorating this milestone,they faced a turbulent global landscape marked by geopolitical friction,economic uncertainty,and contested rules.
