Fermented corn starch has emerged as a promising functional food due to its triad of gut biotics,prebiotic,probiotic,and postbiotic properties,which present significant potential for the management of type 2 diabetes ...Fermented corn starch has emerged as a promising functional food due to its triad of gut biotics,prebiotic,probiotic,and postbiotic properties,which present significant potential for the management of type 2 diabetes through gut microbiota modulation.During fermentation,microbial activity alters the starch matrix,enhancing the production of bioactive compounds such as resistant starch,isomalto-oligosaccharides,and resistant dextrin,which improve insulin sensitivity,reduce inflammation,and support glycemic control.Additionally,fermented corn starch harbors beneficial microbial strains including Lactiplantibacillus fermentum,Bifidobacterium breve,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,which reinforce gut barrier integrity,stimulate incretin secretion,and suppress systemic inflammation.Postbiotic metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids,exopolysaccharides,and bacteriocins further contribute to glucose homeostasis through immune modulation and gut hormone regulation.Despite its promise,the clinical translation of fermented corn starch is limited by safety concerns(e.g.,contamination with pathogens or mycotoxins),lack of standardized fermentation protocols,and a scarcity of targeted studies.This review synthesizes current evidence on the antidiabetic potential of fermented corn starch,advocating for its integration into precision nutrition approaches and supporting further research to address safety and standardization challenges in functional food development.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is one kind of illness with abnormal renal structure and function caused by many factors.Probiotics can be used to regulate intestinal microflora and enhance intestinal mucosal barrier,thus,...Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is one kind of illness with abnormal renal structure and function caused by many factors.Probiotics can be used to regulate intestinal microflora and enhance intestinal mucosal barrier,thus,intervention with probiotics may be regarded as one of the potential ways to protect against CKD.In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MA2(MA2),a probiotic separated from traditional Chinese Tibetan kefir grains,could degrade the uremic toxins including creatinine,urea nitrogen and uric acid.Oral administration of MA2 or its inactive strains(IMA2)could decrease serum uremic toxins of adenine-induced CKD mice,and also elevate the relative expression of claudin-1.Meanwhile,intervention of MA2 or IMA2 decreased the contents of lipopolysaccharide,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in the kidney.16S rDNA sequencing results indicated that the intervention of MA2 or IMA2 regulated the gut microbiota structure by elevating the abundance of Lactobacillus,and decreasing the abundance of Proteobacteria.Thus,oral administration of MA2 or IMA2 can reduce the uremic toxins in CKD mice by regulating gut microflora and restoring the intestinal mucosal barrier.Our study provided a theoretical basis for the application of MA2 and its postbiotics in the CKD intervention and treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP)...BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.展开更多
With emerging scientific breakthroughs,it has been established that gut microbiome dysbiosis has an undeniable correlation with hepatic diseases through complex interlinked metabolic pathways.There’s always been a ne...With emerging scientific breakthroughs,it has been established that gut microbiome dysbiosis has an undeniable correlation with hepatic diseases through complex interlinked metabolic pathways.There’s always been a need for new therapeutic options to deal with the rising prevalence of metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease,liver cirrhosis,alcoholic liver disease,hepatocellular carcinoma etc.Several researchers have studied the role of probiotics and prebiotics in altering gut microbiome to tackle microbial dysbiosis which has been proven to be the cause of several metabolic disorders.However,postbiotics remain an untapped potential due to the limited literature on their intake and associated benefits.These bioactive compounds include short chain fatty acids such as butyrate,propionate and acetate,exopolysaccharides,inactivated strains such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacillus coagulans etc.,have hepatoprotective effects which are highlighted in this article.This review aims to discuss the findings of postbiotics research,their classification and their diverse role in serving as a therapeutic option for liver diseases.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of human mortality worldwide.As conventional anticancer therapy not always being effective,there is growing interest in innovative“drug-free”cancer treatments or intervention...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of human mortality worldwide.As conventional anticancer therapy not always being effective,there is growing interest in innovative“drug-free”cancer treatments or interventions that improve the efficacy of established therapy.CRC is associated with microbiome alterations,a process known as dysbiosis that involves depletion and/or enrichment of particular gut bacterial species and their metabolic functions.Supplementing patient treatment with traditional probiotics(with or without prebiotics),nextgeneration probiotics(NGP),or postbiotics represents a potentially effective and accessible complementary anticancer strategy by restoring gut microbiota composition and/or by signaling to the host.In this capacity,restoration of the gut microbiota in cancer patients can stabilize and enhance intestinal barrier function,as well as promote anticarcinogenic,anti-inflammatory,antimutagenic or other biologically important biochemical pathways that show high specificity towards tumor cells.Potential benefits of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics include modulating gut microbiota composition and function,as well as the host inflammatory response.Their application in CRC prevention is highlighted in this review,where we consider supportive in vitro,animal,and clinical studies.Based on emerging research,NGP and postbiotics hold promise in establishing innovative treatments for CRC by conferring physiological functions via the production of dominant natural products and metabolites that provide new host-microbiota signals to combat CRC.Although favorable results have been reported,further investigations focusing on strain and dose specificity are required to ensure the efficacy and safety of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics in CRC prevention and treatment.展开更多
Gut homeostasis is of importance to host health and imbalance of the gut usually leads to disorders or diseases for both human and animal.Postbiotics have been applied in manipulating of gut health,and utilization of ...Gut homeostasis is of importance to host health and imbalance of the gut usually leads to disorders or diseases for both human and animal.Postbiotics have been applied in manipulating of gut health,and utilization of postbiotics threads new lights into the host health.Compared with the application of probiotics,the characteristics such as stability and safety of postbiotics make it a potential alternative to probiotics.Studies have reported the beneficial effects of components derived from postbiotics,mainly through the mechanisms including inhibition of pathogens,strengthen gut barrier,and/or regulation of immunity of the host.In this review,we summarized the characteristics of postbiotics,main compounds of postbiotics,potential mechanisms in gut health,and their application in animal production.展开更多
Background Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder of high yielding dairy cows,and it is associated with dysbiosis of the rumen and gut microbiome and host inflammation.This study evaluated the i...Background Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder of high yielding dairy cows,and it is associated with dysbiosis of the rumen and gut microbiome and host inflammation.This study evaluated the impact of two postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products(SCFP)on rumen liquid associated microbiota of lactating dairy cows subjected to repeated grain-based SARA challenges.A total of 32 rumen cannulated cows were randomly assigned to 4 treatments from 4 weeks before until 12 weeks after parturition.Treatment groups included a Control diet or diets supplemented with postbiotics(SCFPa,14 g/d Original XPC;SCFPb-1X,19 g/d Nutri Tek;SCFPb-2X,38 g/d Nutri Tek,Diamond V,Cedar Rapids,IA,USA).Grain-based SARA challenges were conducted during week 5(SARA1)and week 8(SARA2)after parturition by replacing 20%DM of the base total mixed ration(TMR)with pellets containing 50%ground barley and 50%ground wheat.Total DNA from rumen liquid samples was subjected to V3–V416S r RNA gene amplicon sequencing.Characteristics of rumen microbiota were compared among treatments and SARA stages.Results Both SARA challenges reduced the diversity and richness of rumen liquid microbiota,altered the overall composition(β-diversity),and its predicted functionality including carbohydrates and amino acids metabolic pathways.The SARA challenges also reduced the number of significant associations among different taxa,number of hub taxa and their composition in the microbial co-occurrence networks.Supplementation with SCFP postbiotics,in particular SCFPb-2X,enhanced the robustness of the rumen microbiota.The SCFP supplemented cows had less fluctuation in relative abundances of community members when exposed to SARA challenges.The SCFP supplementation promoted the populations of lactate utilizing and fibrolytic bacteria,including members of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae,and also increased the numbers of hub taxa during non-SARA and SARA stages.Supplementation with SCFPb-2X prevented the fluctuations in the abundances of hub taxa that were positively correlated with the acetate concentration,andα-andβ-diversity metrics in rumen liquid digesta.Conclusions Induction of SARA challenges reduced microbiota richness and diversity and caused fluctuations in major bacterial phyla in rumen liquid microbiota in lactating dairy cows.Supplementation of SCFP postbiotics could attenuate adverse effects of SARA on rumen liquid microbiota.展开更多
The therapeutic effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)on diabetes was spread as one of the alarming epidemics worldwide.The study aims to investigate the function of Lactobacillus brevis KLDS_(1.0727) and KLDS_(1.037...The therapeutic effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)on diabetes was spread as one of the alarming epidemics worldwide.The study aims to investigate the function of Lactobacillus brevis KLDS_(1.0727) and KLDS_(1.0373) strains as glutamic acid decarboxylase 65(GAD65)carriers capable of generating GABA by comparing in vitro free and freeze-dried models and GABA intervention in vivo.PCR amplification of gad and in vitro i.e.,(growth rate,viability at different pH,bile tolerance,and survivability in simulated gastric juice)were performed.In vivo experiments were conducted in 7 groups of C57BL/6J mice.Each group was injected with streptozotocin(Cont_(STZ),INSSTZ,LAC1_(STZ),LAC_(1MFDSTZ),LAC_(2STZ),LAC_(2MFDSTZ))daily except for the control(Cont).One group was injected with insulin(INSSTZ).The body weight and hyperglycemia in the blood were assessed weekly,post-euthanasia blood plasma parameters,insulin,and histological examination were evaluated.Results indicated L.brevis strains demonstrated a great tolerance to bile and simulated gastric juice in vitro(P<0.05).Cont_(STZ) had the highest average glucose level(6.84±6.46)mmol/L while INS_(STZ) expressed dramatically decreed in glucose level and displayed a significant decline in the average of weekly blood glucose(−5.74±3.08)mmol/L.The lowest body weight(ContSTZ)was(19.30±0.25)g.Based on the blood plasma analysis,L.brevis strains improved good cholesterol properties,liver and kidney functions,where most of these parameters fall within the average the reference range and prevent the development of symptoms of type 1 diabetes in vivo.As recommended,L.brevis should be commonly distributed as a postbiotic GABA in pharmaceutical and nutritional applications.展开更多
Conventional filling therapy fails to fundamentally reduce oral cariogenic bacteria.Thus,oral microbiota follow-up intervention after filling would be necessary for improving dental caries prognosis.We recruited 9 car...Conventional filling therapy fails to fundamentally reduce oral cariogenic bacteria.Thus,oral microbiota follow-up intervention after filling would be necessary for improving dental caries prognosis.We recruited 9 caries-free individuals,and 89 dental caries subjects(5 dropouts).Eighty-nine patients were randomized into three groups:caries(n=8;no treatment),control(n=40;filling),and postbiotics(n=41;filling and 14-day Probio-Eco®intervention).Salivary samples were collected at 0 day(after filling)and 14 days.Our results showed that the diversity of dental caries oral microbiota was significantly increased compared with healthy subjects,and filling could restore a healthier oral microbiota partially and temporarily.Thepostbiotics intervention keeps a low alpha-diversity.Co-occurrence network analysis showed that a more stable oral microbiota structure after postbiotics intervention.Taxonomic and functional annotation of the microbiota revealed that postbiotics co-treatment significantly:increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and P.reactans,decreased the relative abundance of Prevotella shahii,and enriched the energy metabolism-related pathways.BugBase-predicted phenotypes inferred to an oral microbiota with decreased potential pathogenic bacteria and increased oxidative stress-tolerant bacteria after postbiotics intervention.Collectively,it suggested that postbiotics co-treatment could be a promising strategy that restores the oral microecological balance for dental caries.展开更多
This experiment was conducted to determine the performance of heat-stressed layers fed a diet containing the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 or its products of fermentation (postbiotics). Twenty-week-old Isa Whi...This experiment was conducted to determine the performance of heat-stressed layers fed a diet containing the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 or its products of fermentation (postbiotics). Twenty-week-old Isa White layers, were subdivided into six treatments of 32 individually caged birds. Half of the birds were reared under regular temperature conditions, while the other half was subjected to cyclic daily heat stress. Layers were offered one of three diets: 1) Control;2) Control + Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 probiotic;3) Control + Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 postbiotics. Birds were tested for performance and visceral organ development for 5 months. Heat stress negatively affected the birds’ feed intake, egg weight, shell weight percentage, Haugh unit, shell thickness, yolk color, body weight and spleen weight percentage. Postbiotics significantly increased egg production (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control and the probiotic fed group (94.8% vs 92.6% vs 93.1%, respectively). Birds under probiotic or postbiotic diet showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) feed intake and egg weight, although the probiotic had a more pronounced and gradual effect. Specific gravity, yolk weight percentage and shell thickness didn’t show differences among dietary groups. The Haugh Unit was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in probiotic group which also showed a significantly lower yolk color index (p < 0.05). The different feed treatments did not impact the bird’s viscera weight percentage, except for the ileum that was significantly lower (p < 0.05) under postbiotic supplementation. Both probiotics and postbiotics could be used as a potential growth promoters and might alleviate heat stress impact in poultry industry.展开更多
More recently,the concepts of cell-free supernatants(CFS,so-called postbiotics)and whole-cell postbiotics(WCP)of probiotics have gained increasing attention for the development of bio-based films.However,reports on CF...More recently,the concepts of cell-free supernatants(CFS,so-called postbiotics)and whole-cell postbiotics(WCP)of probiotics have gained increasing attention for the development of bio-based films.However,reports on CFS and WCP of Lactobacillus gasseri remain scarce.In this study,pea protein isolate/psyllium mucilage was incorporated with CFS and WCP of L.gasseri to produce bio-based edible films.pH,total soluble solid content,antioxidant activity,total phenolic content,antimicrobial activity,and structural analyses were conducted to characterize the CFS and WCP of L.gasseri.Furthermore,the effects of CFS(10%and 20%,v/v)and WCP(10%and 20%,v/v)on the physicochemical,mechanical,barrier,optical,microstructural,and antimicrobial prop-erties of the bio-based films were investigated.The results showed that CFS and WCP exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activities and were significant sources of phenolic compounds.The incorporation of 20%WCP caused a significant increase in the thickness and water vapor permeability of films,while a significant increase in moisture content was observed with 10%WCP.The control and 10%WCP films had the highest tensile strength values.Furthermore,the addition of 10%WCP resulted in a significant increase in elasticity.Films incorporating CFS and WCP exhibited lower opacity values and darker,yellow,and red color intensities.The addition of CFS and WCP caused a rough texture and cracked structure on the surface of the film.In conclusion,pea protein/psyllium mucilage-based films containing CFS and WCP of L.gasseri can be considered as a new alternative for environmentally friendly bio-based films.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)refers to a type of immune-mediated disorder characterized by chronic,recurrent inflammation of the intestines,encompassing crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC).Its high pre...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)refers to a type of immune-mediated disorder characterized by chronic,recurrent inflammation of the intestines,encompassing crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC).Its high prevalence and intractability pose significant challenges to global health.However,conventional clinical treatments currently exhibit substantial shortcomings,often accompanied by various severe side effects.In recent years,bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles(bEVs)have emerged as next-generation postbiotics with thera-peutic potential for IBD due to their natural nanostructure,stable biological activity,and multi-target regulatory capabilities.bEVs act as critical intercellular messengers that mediate communication between intestinal mi-crobes and host cells.bEVs deliver bioactive components to target cells,and participate in the regulation of three key biological processes:intestinal epithelial homeostasis,mucosal immune responses,and microbial community structure.Through these regulatory effects,bEVs exert a profound impact on intestinal barrier function.Nevertheless,the comprehensive regulatory function of bEVs in IBD has yet to be thoroughly elucidated.Therefore,we systematically investigate the brief discovery history,biogenesis mechanisms,the general composition and specific bioactive components,and three primary pathways for IBD intervention,including balance of gut microbiota,improvement of intestinal barrier function,and modulation of intestinal local and systemic immune responses.This aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of bEVs as a new-generation postbiotic in precision IBD therapy.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia,urgently requires novel therapeutic strategies.In this study,we shortlisted a hypoglycemic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum R6-3...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia,urgently requires novel therapeutic strategies.In this study,we shortlisted a hypoglycemic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum R6-3 from Sayram ketteki-derived probiotics.Using a diabetic mouse model,we then investigated the hypoglycemic mechanisms of R6-3 and its postbiotic derivative P-R6-3.Both interventions significantly enriched intestinal short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria and regulated T2DM-related genes.At week 15,compared with the DC group,mice in R6-3 group exhibited a 37%reduction in fasting blood glucose(FBG),a 33.04%increase in fasting insulin(FINS),and a 29.78%increase in glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1),while the P-R6-3 group showed a 27.15%reduction in FBG,an 18.73%increase in FINS,and a 22.28%increase in GLP-1.Notably,R6-3 could restore intestinal barrier integrity by upregulating tight junction proteins,reducing serum lipopolysaccharide and pro-inflammatory cytokines.These results revealed distinct mechanisms between probiotic and postbiotic therapies:both improved glucose metabolism through activating the gut microbiota-GLP-1-muscle/adipose/liver axis,but only R6-3 showed a tendency towards intestinal barrier and metabolic inflammation repair.Collec-tively,our results suggested the long-term hypoglycemic effects of R6-3 and P-R6-3 in T2DM mice,which de-serves further validation through clinical trials in the future.展开更多
Fructooligosaccharides(FOS)are essential components found in various vegetal biomass sources,including foods,agricultural residues,fruits,and vegetable waste.Comprising 3 to 10 monosaccharide units,they resist digesti...Fructooligosaccharides(FOS)are essential components found in various vegetal biomass sources,including foods,agricultural residues,fruits,and vegetable waste.Comprising 3 to 10 monosaccharide units,they resist digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract and are recognized as prebiotics,fostering the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the colon.Fructooligosaccharides(FOS),galactooligosaccharides(GOS),xylooligo-saccharides(XOS),arabinooligosaccharides(AOS),pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides(pAOS),cyclodextrins(CD),and others are among the most prevalent oligosaccharides.Probiotics,live microorganisms offering various health benefits upon consumption or application,are commonly found in fermented foods,dietary supplements,and beauty products.Postbiotics,organic residues remaining in the gut after the digestion of prebiotics and probiotics,include substances such as vitamins B and K,amino acids,and antimicrobial peptides that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria.Pre-,pro-,and postbiotics collectively contribute to a wide array of health advan-tages,including enhanced immune function,improved gut health,and overall well-being.Agro-residues,fruit,and vegetable waste serve as promising sources of prebiotics,promoting the growth of probiotic bacteria and yielding bioactive compounds like fiber upon consumption.This paper explores sustainable methods for pro-ducing oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic biomass,vegetable,and fruit biomass,elucidating their roles in the development of pre-,pro-,and postbiotics for gut health.展开更多
Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)arises from chronic alcohol consumption,leading to liver damage and gut microbiota disruption.Current clinical treatments,including pharmacological interventions,are often inadequate for ea...Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)arises from chronic alcohol consumption,leading to liver damage and gut microbiota disruption.Current clinical treatments,including pharmacological interventions,are often inadequate for early-stage ALD,highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches.In this study,we explored the therapeutic potential of composite postbiotics,combined with ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)as a farnesoid X receptor(FXR)agonist,to alleviate ALD by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.Using a murine model of ALD,composite postbiotics were found to restore intestinal barrier integrity,promote bile acid metabolism,and reduce liver inflammation.The treatment increased beneficial gut microbes such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,while reducing pathogenic Proteobacteria,which enhanced bile acid metabolism and activated the FXR pathway.This activation led to a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines,restoration of lipid metabolism,and overall alleviation of liver injury.The addition of UDCA further enhanced the activation of the FXR pathway,providing additional protection against liver damage.Our findings suggest that composite postbiotics,particularly when combined with FXR agonists like UDCA,represent a promising therapeutic strategy for ALD by targeting the gut-liver axis and optimizing bile acid metabolism.Future research should investigate the clinical application of these treatments to offer a non-invasive and effective approach for early ALD intervention.展开更多
Postbiotics are preparations made from inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that are beneficial to host health,but the underlying specific modes of action in relieving intestinal inflammation remain poorly...Postbiotics are preparations made from inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that are beneficial to host health,but the underlying specific modes of action in relieving intestinal inflammation remain poorly understood.This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity,intestinal barrier recovery,antioxidant activity,and correction of microbial dysbiosis of PWE(postbiotics water extract),a novel postbiotics derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J and Lactobacillus plantarum SN4 named PWE.In this study,C57BL/6 male mice were administered PWE by oral gavage for seven days,followed by a three-day K88 challenge to evaluate its protective effects against enteritis.Our results showed that PWE exerted an obvious protective effect on ETECchallenged enteritis mice.Specifically,PWE improved overall health status and colon length,restored jejunal and colonic villi and crypt morphology,and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration.Moreover,PWE enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins,including Occludin,and upregulated the mRNA expression of ZO-1 and Claudin,modulated apoptosis-related genes(BAX,Bcl2,and Caspase-3),and strengthened liver antioxidant capacity.Gut microbiota analysis revealed that PWE rebalanced the microbial composition through decreasing Escherichia-Shigella abundance and increasing Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospiraceae abundance that promote SCFA production.Furthermore,correlation analysis demonstrated that these increases in abundance of Lactobacillaceae were associated with reduced intestinal inflammation and improved barrier function.Abundance of Ligilactobacillus was positively correlated to anti-apoptotic effects and antioxidant properties.In conclusion,our findings highlight the modulatory effects of the postbiotics PWE in alleviating intestinal inflammation,repairing barrier dysfunction,and restoring microbial imbalance through microbiota regulation and SCFA enhancement.These results provide new insights and strategies for combating bacterial infections diarrhea and improving intestinal health.展开更多
Food contamination caused by Listeria monocytogenes has been a major concern worldwide,and postbiotics derived from lactic acid bacteria are promising in controlling foodborne pathogens,while the antibacterial ef-fect...Food contamination caused by Listeria monocytogenes has been a major concern worldwide,and postbiotics derived from lactic acid bacteria are promising in controlling foodborne pathogens,while the antibacterial ef-fects and mechanisms are still largely unclear.This study aimed to investigate the anti-L.monocytogenes activity and mechanisms of the postbiotics derived from Ligilactobacillus salivarius LSA-6(Postbio-LSA-6),and its potential application in Inner Mongolian cheese preservation.Results showed Postbio-LSA-6 exhibited efficient anti-L.monocytogenes activity,the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)was 4 mg/mL.Postbio-LSA-6 at 2MIC could significantly disrupt the bacterial membrane integrity,the membrane-damaged cells percentage increased to 49.6%,leading to the intercellular materials leakage and cell death.Besides,Postbio-LSA-6 at 2MIC could induce the oxidative stress in bacterial cells,the membrane-fluorescence cells percentage increased to 46%,resulting in lipid peroxidation.Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed organic acids and fatty acids such as erythronic acid,citric acid,2-hydroxybutyric acid,and oleic acid were identified as the main differentially expressed metabolites in Postbio-LSA-6.Furthermore,Postbio-LSA-6 could effectively maintain the moisture content and pH stability,reduce the color and texture alterations,and extend the shelf life of cheese samples by suppressing microbial proliferation and lipid oxidation.These results offered new insights on the antibacterial activities of postbiotics against foodborne pathogens,and provided a low-cost,label-friendly biopreservation strategy for local dairy products preservation.展开更多
After several years of evolution,SARS-CoV-2 is now not considered a virus that easily causes death or severe complications.Most COVID-19 cases are mild to moderate,making the development of alternative therapies to ma...After several years of evolution,SARS-CoV-2 is now not considered a virus that easily causes death or severe complications.Most COVID-19 cases are mild to moderate,making the development of alternative therapies to manage symptoms a critical priority.Bacillus coagulans DSM33893 and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM33894,which have previously shown promising results in reducing PM2.5-induced lung inflammation and damage,were considered utilization in this study due to their potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects targeting upper respiratory tract.Our results showed that the combination of these two strains improved airway resistance,and helped mitigate lymphopenia and delayed type I interferon.Furthermore,the combination was more effective than using either strain alone in reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as IFN-γ(by 89.8%),IL-4(by 78.6%),and IL-17(by 62.4%),and increasing the levels of the antiviral cytokine IFN-β(by 68.7%)and anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β(by 10.3%),compared to the SARS-CoV-2 group.展开更多
Constipation is a widespread gastrointestinal problem that has a significant impact on the health and quality of life of individuals worldwide.In this study,the potential for postbiotics and extracellular polysacchari...Constipation is a widespread gastrointestinal problem that has a significant impact on the health and quality of life of individuals worldwide.In this study,the potential for postbiotics and extracellular polysaccharides(EPS)of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 was elucidated to alleviate loperamide(Lop)-induced constipation in mice.The findings indicated that both postbiotics and EPS of LRa05 increased fecal water content,promoted gastrointestinal motility,reduced the time to first black feces,alleviated colonic inflammation,regulated gastrointestinal hormone peptide levels,and elevated the levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Additionally,postbiotics and EPS of LRa05 down-regulated the level of aquaporin 4(AQP4)and aquaporin 8(AQP8)expression,while up-regulated the level of C-Kit and the stem cell factor(SCF)expression.The 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that postbiotics and EPS of LRa05 could alter the composition of the gut microbiome,leading to the restoration of microbial communities such as Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,Bacteroides,Akkermansia,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,and Alloprevotella.These findings suggested that both postbiotics and EPS of LRa05 could alleviate Lop-induced constipation,with a particular emphasis on the impact of EPS of LRa05.This study offers a theoretical foundation for postbiotics and EPS of LRa05 as novel microecological agents.It also pioneers a new path for the development of functional polysaccharides and clinical applications of postbiotics by elucidating the unique role of EPS of LRa05 in alleviating constipation for the first time.展开更多
Postbiotic functionality is strongly influenced by the inactivation method used,yet direct comparisons among different strategies remain limited.This study compared heat treatment,ultrasound treatment,and atmospheric ...Postbiotic functionality is strongly influenced by the inactivation method used,yet direct comparisons among different strategies remain limited.This study compared heat treatment,ultrasound treatment,and atmospheric cold plasma(ACP)treatment for the preparation of postbiotics from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SC02(L.plantarum SC02),and systematically evaluated their effects on strains'cell morphology,antibacterial activity,antioxidant capacity,and metabolite profiles.Although all three treatments effectively inactivated L.plantarum SC02,the resulting postbiotics showed marked differences in bioactivity.Among them,the ultrasound-treated postbiotic(SC02-U)exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity,with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)radical scavenging rates of 46.22±0.48%and 46.42±0.36%,respectively,and also showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the tested foodborne pathogens,especially Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,with the lowest minimum inhibitory con-centration 12.5%(v/v)and the largest inhibition zones.Non-targeted metabolomics further revealed that SC02-U displayed a broader range of differential metabolites than the heat-treated postbiotic(SC02-H),with 1397 significantly altered metabolites identified in the comparison between De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe(MRS)and SC02-U,compared with 987 in the comparison between MRS and SC02-H.Overall,sonication is a more effective strategy for preparing L.plantarum SC02 postbiotics with enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities.This is likely because sonication not only promotes the release of intracellular metabolites and bioactive components but also preserves more of the activity of extracellular metabolites.This work provides practical evidence for selecting efficient inactivation techniques to improve the functional quality of postbiotic products.展开更多
基金Supported by the Research Office,University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durbanan Incentive Grant from the National Research Foundation,Pretoria,South Africa,No.145943.
文摘Fermented corn starch has emerged as a promising functional food due to its triad of gut biotics,prebiotic,probiotic,and postbiotic properties,which present significant potential for the management of type 2 diabetes through gut microbiota modulation.During fermentation,microbial activity alters the starch matrix,enhancing the production of bioactive compounds such as resistant starch,isomalto-oligosaccharides,and resistant dextrin,which improve insulin sensitivity,reduce inflammation,and support glycemic control.Additionally,fermented corn starch harbors beneficial microbial strains including Lactiplantibacillus fermentum,Bifidobacterium breve,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae,which reinforce gut barrier integrity,stimulate incretin secretion,and suppress systemic inflammation.Postbiotic metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids,exopolysaccharides,and bacteriocins further contribute to glucose homeostasis through immune modulation and gut hormone regulation.Despite its promise,the clinical translation of fermented corn starch is limited by safety concerns(e.g.,contamination with pathogens or mycotoxins),lack of standardized fermentation protocols,and a scarcity of targeted studies.This review synthesizes current evidence on the antidiabetic potential of fermented corn starch,advocating for its integration into precision nutrition approaches and supporting further research to address safety and standardization challenges in functional food development.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801514)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M680895)。
文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is one kind of illness with abnormal renal structure and function caused by many factors.Probiotics can be used to regulate intestinal microflora and enhance intestinal mucosal barrier,thus,intervention with probiotics may be regarded as one of the potential ways to protect against CKD.In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MA2(MA2),a probiotic separated from traditional Chinese Tibetan kefir grains,could degrade the uremic toxins including creatinine,urea nitrogen and uric acid.Oral administration of MA2 or its inactive strains(IMA2)could decrease serum uremic toxins of adenine-induced CKD mice,and also elevate the relative expression of claudin-1.Meanwhile,intervention of MA2 or IMA2 decreased the contents of lipopolysaccharide,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in the kidney.16S rDNA sequencing results indicated that the intervention of MA2 or IMA2 regulated the gut microbiota structure by elevating the abundance of Lactobacillus,and decreasing the abundance of Proteobacteria.Thus,oral administration of MA2 or IMA2 can reduce the uremic toxins in CKD mice by regulating gut microflora and restoring the intestinal mucosal barrier.Our study provided a theoretical basis for the application of MA2 and its postbiotics in the CKD intervention and treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.
文摘With emerging scientific breakthroughs,it has been established that gut microbiome dysbiosis has an undeniable correlation with hepatic diseases through complex interlinked metabolic pathways.There’s always been a need for new therapeutic options to deal with the rising prevalence of metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease,liver cirrhosis,alcoholic liver disease,hepatocellular carcinoma etc.Several researchers have studied the role of probiotics and prebiotics in altering gut microbiome to tackle microbial dysbiosis which has been proven to be the cause of several metabolic disorders.However,postbiotics remain an untapped potential due to the limited literature on their intake and associated benefits.These bioactive compounds include short chain fatty acids such as butyrate,propionate and acetate,exopolysaccharides,inactivated strains such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacillus coagulans etc.,have hepatoprotective effects which are highlighted in this article.This review aims to discuss the findings of postbiotics research,their classification and their diverse role in serving as a therapeutic option for liver diseases.
基金Supported by Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of Slovak Republic and Academy of Sciences VEGA,No.1/0393/20the Operational Program Integrated Infrastructure Within the Project:Demand-Driven Research for the Sustainable and Innovative Food,Co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund,No.Drive4SIFood 313011V336.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a leading cause of human mortality worldwide.As conventional anticancer therapy not always being effective,there is growing interest in innovative“drug-free”cancer treatments or interventions that improve the efficacy of established therapy.CRC is associated with microbiome alterations,a process known as dysbiosis that involves depletion and/or enrichment of particular gut bacterial species and their metabolic functions.Supplementing patient treatment with traditional probiotics(with or without prebiotics),nextgeneration probiotics(NGP),or postbiotics represents a potentially effective and accessible complementary anticancer strategy by restoring gut microbiota composition and/or by signaling to the host.In this capacity,restoration of the gut microbiota in cancer patients can stabilize and enhance intestinal barrier function,as well as promote anticarcinogenic,anti-inflammatory,antimutagenic or other biologically important biochemical pathways that show high specificity towards tumor cells.Potential benefits of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics include modulating gut microbiota composition and function,as well as the host inflammatory response.Their application in CRC prevention is highlighted in this review,where we consider supportive in vitro,animal,and clinical studies.Based on emerging research,NGP and postbiotics hold promise in establishing innovative treatments for CRC by conferring physiological functions via the production of dominant natural products and metabolites that provide new host-microbiota signals to combat CRC.Although favorable results have been reported,further investigations focusing on strain and dose specificity are required to ensure the efficacy and safety of traditional probiotics,NGP,and postbiotics in CRC prevention and treatment.
基金supported by grants from the Key R&D Projects ofZhejiang Province (2022C04034)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Z19C170001)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672430)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0500502)the Funds of Ten Thousand People Plan
文摘Gut homeostasis is of importance to host health and imbalance of the gut usually leads to disorders or diseases for both human and animal.Postbiotics have been applied in manipulating of gut health,and utilization of postbiotics threads new lights into the host health.Compared with the application of probiotics,the characteristics such as stability and safety of postbiotics make it a potential alternative to probiotics.Studies have reported the beneficial effects of components derived from postbiotics,mainly through the mechanisms including inhibition of pathogens,strengthen gut barrier,and/or regulation of immunity of the host.In this review,we summarized the characteristics of postbiotics,main compounds of postbiotics,potential mechanisms in gut health,and their application in animal production.
基金supported by grants from Natural Science and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada Collaborative Research and Development(CRD)programNSERC Discovery program,Dairy Farmers of Manitoba,and Diamond V,USA,to EK and JCP。
文摘Background Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder of high yielding dairy cows,and it is associated with dysbiosis of the rumen and gut microbiome and host inflammation.This study evaluated the impact of two postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products(SCFP)on rumen liquid associated microbiota of lactating dairy cows subjected to repeated grain-based SARA challenges.A total of 32 rumen cannulated cows were randomly assigned to 4 treatments from 4 weeks before until 12 weeks after parturition.Treatment groups included a Control diet or diets supplemented with postbiotics(SCFPa,14 g/d Original XPC;SCFPb-1X,19 g/d Nutri Tek;SCFPb-2X,38 g/d Nutri Tek,Diamond V,Cedar Rapids,IA,USA).Grain-based SARA challenges were conducted during week 5(SARA1)and week 8(SARA2)after parturition by replacing 20%DM of the base total mixed ration(TMR)with pellets containing 50%ground barley and 50%ground wheat.Total DNA from rumen liquid samples was subjected to V3–V416S r RNA gene amplicon sequencing.Characteristics of rumen microbiota were compared among treatments and SARA stages.Results Both SARA challenges reduced the diversity and richness of rumen liquid microbiota,altered the overall composition(β-diversity),and its predicted functionality including carbohydrates and amino acids metabolic pathways.The SARA challenges also reduced the number of significant associations among different taxa,number of hub taxa and their composition in the microbial co-occurrence networks.Supplementation with SCFP postbiotics,in particular SCFPb-2X,enhanced the robustness of the rumen microbiota.The SCFP supplemented cows had less fluctuation in relative abundances of community members when exposed to SARA challenges.The SCFP supplementation promoted the populations of lactate utilizing and fibrolytic bacteria,including members of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae,and also increased the numbers of hub taxa during non-SARA and SARA stages.Supplementation with SCFPb-2X prevented the fluctuations in the abundances of hub taxa that were positively correlated with the acetate concentration,andα-andβ-diversity metrics in rumen liquid digesta.Conclusions Induction of SARA challenges reduced microbiota richness and diversity and caused fluctuations in major bacterial phyla in rumen liquid microbiota in lactating dairy cows.Supplementation of SCFP postbiotics could attenuate adverse effects of SARA on rumen liquid microbiota.
基金supported by grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0120500).
文摘The therapeutic effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)on diabetes was spread as one of the alarming epidemics worldwide.The study aims to investigate the function of Lactobacillus brevis KLDS_(1.0727) and KLDS_(1.0373) strains as glutamic acid decarboxylase 65(GAD65)carriers capable of generating GABA by comparing in vitro free and freeze-dried models and GABA intervention in vivo.PCR amplification of gad and in vitro i.e.,(growth rate,viability at different pH,bile tolerance,and survivability in simulated gastric juice)were performed.In vivo experiments were conducted in 7 groups of C57BL/6J mice.Each group was injected with streptozotocin(Cont_(STZ),INSSTZ,LAC1_(STZ),LAC_(1MFDSTZ),LAC_(2STZ),LAC_(2MFDSTZ))daily except for the control(Cont).One group was injected with insulin(INSSTZ).The body weight and hyperglycemia in the blood were assessed weekly,post-euthanasia blood plasma parameters,insulin,and histological examination were evaluated.Results indicated L.brevis strains demonstrated a great tolerance to bile and simulated gastric juice in vitro(P<0.05).Cont_(STZ) had the highest average glucose level(6.84±6.46)mmol/L while INS_(STZ) expressed dramatically decreed in glucose level and displayed a significant decline in the average of weekly blood glucose(−5.74±3.08)mmol/L.The lowest body weight(ContSTZ)was(19.30±0.25)g.Based on the blood plasma analysis,L.brevis strains improved good cholesterol properties,liver and kidney functions,where most of these parameters fall within the average the reference range and prevent the development of symptoms of type 1 diabetes in vivo.As recommended,L.brevis should be commonly distributed as a postbiotic GABA in pharmaceutical and nutritional applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31720103911)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARAthe Science and Technology Major Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2021ZD0014)
文摘Conventional filling therapy fails to fundamentally reduce oral cariogenic bacteria.Thus,oral microbiota follow-up intervention after filling would be necessary for improving dental caries prognosis.We recruited 9 caries-free individuals,and 89 dental caries subjects(5 dropouts).Eighty-nine patients were randomized into three groups:caries(n=8;no treatment),control(n=40;filling),and postbiotics(n=41;filling and 14-day Probio-Eco®intervention).Salivary samples were collected at 0 day(after filling)and 14 days.Our results showed that the diversity of dental caries oral microbiota was significantly increased compared with healthy subjects,and filling could restore a healthier oral microbiota partially and temporarily.Thepostbiotics intervention keeps a low alpha-diversity.Co-occurrence network analysis showed that a more stable oral microbiota structure after postbiotics intervention.Taxonomic and functional annotation of the microbiota revealed that postbiotics co-treatment significantly:increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and P.reactans,decreased the relative abundance of Prevotella shahii,and enriched the energy metabolism-related pathways.BugBase-predicted phenotypes inferred to an oral microbiota with decreased potential pathogenic bacteria and increased oxidative stress-tolerant bacteria after postbiotics intervention.Collectively,it suggested that postbiotics co-treatment could be a promising strategy that restores the oral microecological balance for dental caries.
文摘This experiment was conducted to determine the performance of heat-stressed layers fed a diet containing the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 or its products of fermentation (postbiotics). Twenty-week-old Isa White layers, were subdivided into six treatments of 32 individually caged birds. Half of the birds were reared under regular temperature conditions, while the other half was subjected to cyclic daily heat stress. Layers were offered one of three diets: 1) Control;2) Control + Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 probiotic;3) Control + Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 postbiotics. Birds were tested for performance and visceral organ development for 5 months. Heat stress negatively affected the birds’ feed intake, egg weight, shell weight percentage, Haugh unit, shell thickness, yolk color, body weight and spleen weight percentage. Postbiotics significantly increased egg production (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control and the probiotic fed group (94.8% vs 92.6% vs 93.1%, respectively). Birds under probiotic or postbiotic diet showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) feed intake and egg weight, although the probiotic had a more pronounced and gradual effect. Specific gravity, yolk weight percentage and shell thickness didn’t show differences among dietary groups. The Haugh Unit was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in probiotic group which also showed a significantly lower yolk color index (p < 0.05). The different feed treatments did not impact the bird’s viscera weight percentage, except for the ileum that was significantly lower (p < 0.05) under postbiotic supplementation. Both probiotics and postbiotics could be used as a potential growth promoters and might alleviate heat stress impact in poultry industry.
文摘More recently,the concepts of cell-free supernatants(CFS,so-called postbiotics)and whole-cell postbiotics(WCP)of probiotics have gained increasing attention for the development of bio-based films.However,reports on CFS and WCP of Lactobacillus gasseri remain scarce.In this study,pea protein isolate/psyllium mucilage was incorporated with CFS and WCP of L.gasseri to produce bio-based edible films.pH,total soluble solid content,antioxidant activity,total phenolic content,antimicrobial activity,and structural analyses were conducted to characterize the CFS and WCP of L.gasseri.Furthermore,the effects of CFS(10%and 20%,v/v)and WCP(10%and 20%,v/v)on the physicochemical,mechanical,barrier,optical,microstructural,and antimicrobial prop-erties of the bio-based films were investigated.The results showed that CFS and WCP exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activities and were significant sources of phenolic compounds.The incorporation of 20%WCP caused a significant increase in the thickness and water vapor permeability of films,while a significant increase in moisture content was observed with 10%WCP.The control and 10%WCP films had the highest tensile strength values.Furthermore,the addition of 10%WCP resulted in a significant increase in elasticity.Films incorporating CFS and WCP exhibited lower opacity values and darker,yellow,and red color intensities.The addition of CFS and WCP caused a rough texture and cracked structure on the surface of the film.In conclusion,pea protein/psyllium mucilage-based films containing CFS and WCP of L.gasseri can be considered as a new alternative for environmentally friendly bio-based films.
基金support from Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi(20252BAC240711)State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources,Nanchang University(SKLF-ZZB-202543).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)refers to a type of immune-mediated disorder characterized by chronic,recurrent inflammation of the intestines,encompassing crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC).Its high prevalence and intractability pose significant challenges to global health.However,conventional clinical treatments currently exhibit substantial shortcomings,often accompanied by various severe side effects.In recent years,bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles(bEVs)have emerged as next-generation postbiotics with thera-peutic potential for IBD due to their natural nanostructure,stable biological activity,and multi-target regulatory capabilities.bEVs act as critical intercellular messengers that mediate communication between intestinal mi-crobes and host cells.bEVs deliver bioactive components to target cells,and participate in the regulation of three key biological processes:intestinal epithelial homeostasis,mucosal immune responses,and microbial community structure.Through these regulatory effects,bEVs exert a profound impact on intestinal barrier function.Nevertheless,the comprehensive regulatory function of bEVs in IBD has yet to be thoroughly elucidated.Therefore,we systematically investigate the brief discovery history,biogenesis mechanisms,the general composition and specific bioactive components,and three primary pathways for IBD intervention,including balance of gut microbiota,improvement of intestinal barrier function,and modulation of intestinal local and systemic immune responses.This aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of bEVs as a new-generation postbiotic in precision IBD therapy.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant Nos.C2023204178,C2024204066,C2023204036)the Research Foundation for the Introduced Talents of Hebei Agricultural University(Grant No.YJ2021035)the Performance Subsidy Funds for the Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Probiotic Functional Dairy Product(Grant No.22567673H).
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia,urgently requires novel therapeutic strategies.In this study,we shortlisted a hypoglycemic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum R6-3 from Sayram ketteki-derived probiotics.Using a diabetic mouse model,we then investigated the hypoglycemic mechanisms of R6-3 and its postbiotic derivative P-R6-3.Both interventions significantly enriched intestinal short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria and regulated T2DM-related genes.At week 15,compared with the DC group,mice in R6-3 group exhibited a 37%reduction in fasting blood glucose(FBG),a 33.04%increase in fasting insulin(FINS),and a 29.78%increase in glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1),while the P-R6-3 group showed a 27.15%reduction in FBG,an 18.73%increase in FINS,and a 22.28%increase in GLP-1.Notably,R6-3 could restore intestinal barrier integrity by upregulating tight junction proteins,reducing serum lipopolysaccharide and pro-inflammatory cytokines.These results revealed distinct mechanisms between probiotic and postbiotic therapies:both improved glucose metabolism through activating the gut microbiota-GLP-1-muscle/adipose/liver axis,but only R6-3 showed a tendency towards intestinal barrier and metabolic inflammation repair.Collec-tively,our results suggested the long-term hypoglycemic effects of R6-3 and P-R6-3 in T2DM mice,which de-serves further validation through clinical trials in the future.
基金National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq),Brazil for scientific productivity program(Process number:309214/2021-1).
文摘Fructooligosaccharides(FOS)are essential components found in various vegetal biomass sources,including foods,agricultural residues,fruits,and vegetable waste.Comprising 3 to 10 monosaccharide units,they resist digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract and are recognized as prebiotics,fostering the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the colon.Fructooligosaccharides(FOS),galactooligosaccharides(GOS),xylooligo-saccharides(XOS),arabinooligosaccharides(AOS),pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides(pAOS),cyclodextrins(CD),and others are among the most prevalent oligosaccharides.Probiotics,live microorganisms offering various health benefits upon consumption or application,are commonly found in fermented foods,dietary supplements,and beauty products.Postbiotics,organic residues remaining in the gut after the digestion of prebiotics and probiotics,include substances such as vitamins B and K,amino acids,and antimicrobial peptides that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria.Pre-,pro-,and postbiotics collectively contribute to a wide array of health advan-tages,including enhanced immune function,improved gut health,and overall well-being.Agro-residues,fruit,and vegetable waste serve as promising sources of prebiotics,promoting the growth of probiotic bacteria and yielding bioactive compounds like fiber upon consumption.This paper explores sustainable methods for pro-ducing oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic biomass,vegetable,and fruit biomass,elucidating their roles in the development of pre-,pro-,and postbiotics for gut health.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Shaoxing Huangjiu Industry Innovation Service Complex-Technological Innovation Project in Zhejiang Province(No.2023KJ082)Foundation of Public Projects of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LGN22C200008)+6 种基金Program Foundation of Public Projects of Shaoxing city,Zhejiang Province,China(No.2018C30010)Foundation of Public Projects of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2017C32101)Shaoxing University Fund(No.08021066),Shaoxing University Fund(No.08220102213)Jiangsu Province Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program(grant number JSSCRC2021569)Jiangsu Province Medical Distinguished ExpertTop Talent Support Program for young and middle-aged people of Wuxi Health Committee,and Wuxi"Taihu Talent Team"projectLingying Team project of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Jiangnan University.
文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)arises from chronic alcohol consumption,leading to liver damage and gut microbiota disruption.Current clinical treatments,including pharmacological interventions,are often inadequate for early-stage ALD,highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches.In this study,we explored the therapeutic potential of composite postbiotics,combined with ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)as a farnesoid X receptor(FXR)agonist,to alleviate ALD by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.Using a murine model of ALD,composite postbiotics were found to restore intestinal barrier integrity,promote bile acid metabolism,and reduce liver inflammation.The treatment increased beneficial gut microbes such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,while reducing pathogenic Proteobacteria,which enhanced bile acid metabolism and activated the FXR pathway.This activation led to a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines,restoration of lipid metabolism,and overall alleviation of liver injury.The addition of UDCA further enhanced the activation of the FXR pathway,providing additional protection against liver damage.Our findings suggest that composite postbiotics,particularly when combined with FXR agonists like UDCA,represent a promising therapeutic strategy for ALD by targeting the gut-liver axis and optimizing bile acid metabolism.Future research should investigate the clinical application of these treatments to offer a non-invasive and effective approach for early ALD intervention.
基金supported by the National Key R&D projects with No.2022YFD1300900the Beijing Science and Technology Plan with No.Z201100008020018.
文摘Postbiotics are preparations made from inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that are beneficial to host health,but the underlying specific modes of action in relieving intestinal inflammation remain poorly understood.This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity,intestinal barrier recovery,antioxidant activity,and correction of microbial dysbiosis of PWE(postbiotics water extract),a novel postbiotics derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J and Lactobacillus plantarum SN4 named PWE.In this study,C57BL/6 male mice were administered PWE by oral gavage for seven days,followed by a three-day K88 challenge to evaluate its protective effects against enteritis.Our results showed that PWE exerted an obvious protective effect on ETECchallenged enteritis mice.Specifically,PWE improved overall health status and colon length,restored jejunal and colonic villi and crypt morphology,and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration.Moreover,PWE enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins,including Occludin,and upregulated the mRNA expression of ZO-1 and Claudin,modulated apoptosis-related genes(BAX,Bcl2,and Caspase-3),and strengthened liver antioxidant capacity.Gut microbiota analysis revealed that PWE rebalanced the microbial composition through decreasing Escherichia-Shigella abundance and increasing Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospiraceae abundance that promote SCFA production.Furthermore,correlation analysis demonstrated that these increases in abundance of Lactobacillaceae were associated with reduced intestinal inflammation and improved barrier function.Abundance of Ligilactobacillus was positively correlated to anti-apoptotic effects and antioxidant properties.In conclusion,our findings highlight the modulatory effects of the postbiotics PWE in alleviating intestinal inflammation,repairing barrier dysfunction,and restoring microbial imbalance through microbiota regulation and SCFA enhancement.These results provide new insights and strategies for combating bacterial infections diarrhea and improving intestinal health.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant no.BK20220522)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant no.2024JJ6268)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City(Grant no.kq2402136)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.32202231)State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource(Grant no.2019XK2002)The authors extend their appreciation to Taif University,Saudi Arabia,for supporting this work through project number(TU-DSPP-2024-9).
文摘Food contamination caused by Listeria monocytogenes has been a major concern worldwide,and postbiotics derived from lactic acid bacteria are promising in controlling foodborne pathogens,while the antibacterial ef-fects and mechanisms are still largely unclear.This study aimed to investigate the anti-L.monocytogenes activity and mechanisms of the postbiotics derived from Ligilactobacillus salivarius LSA-6(Postbio-LSA-6),and its potential application in Inner Mongolian cheese preservation.Results showed Postbio-LSA-6 exhibited efficient anti-L.monocytogenes activity,the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)was 4 mg/mL.Postbio-LSA-6 at 2MIC could significantly disrupt the bacterial membrane integrity,the membrane-damaged cells percentage increased to 49.6%,leading to the intercellular materials leakage and cell death.Besides,Postbio-LSA-6 at 2MIC could induce the oxidative stress in bacterial cells,the membrane-fluorescence cells percentage increased to 46%,resulting in lipid peroxidation.Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed organic acids and fatty acids such as erythronic acid,citric acid,2-hydroxybutyric acid,and oleic acid were identified as the main differentially expressed metabolites in Postbio-LSA-6.Furthermore,Postbio-LSA-6 could effectively maintain the moisture content and pH stability,reduce the color and texture alterations,and extend the shelf life of cheese samples by suppressing microbial proliferation and lipid oxidation.These results offered new insights on the antibacterial activities of postbiotics against foodborne pathogens,and provided a low-cost,label-friendly biopreservation strategy for local dairy products preservation.
文摘After several years of evolution,SARS-CoV-2 is now not considered a virus that easily causes death or severe complications.Most COVID-19 cases are mild to moderate,making the development of alternative therapies to manage symptoms a critical priority.Bacillus coagulans DSM33893 and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM33894,which have previously shown promising results in reducing PM2.5-induced lung inflammation and damage,were considered utilization in this study due to their potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects targeting upper respiratory tract.Our results showed that the combination of these two strains improved airway resistance,and helped mitigate lymphopenia and delayed type I interferon.Furthermore,the combination was more effective than using either strain alone in reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as IFN-γ(by 89.8%),IL-4(by 78.6%),and IL-17(by 62.4%),and increasing the levels of the antiviral cytokine IFN-β(by 68.7%)and anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β(by 10.3%),compared to the SARS-CoV-2 group.
基金supported by the project of the Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF1100201)2024 Tianjin“the Belt and Road”Innovation Platform Project(No.24PTLYHZ00020).
文摘Constipation is a widespread gastrointestinal problem that has a significant impact on the health and quality of life of individuals worldwide.In this study,the potential for postbiotics and extracellular polysaccharides(EPS)of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 was elucidated to alleviate loperamide(Lop)-induced constipation in mice.The findings indicated that both postbiotics and EPS of LRa05 increased fecal water content,promoted gastrointestinal motility,reduced the time to first black feces,alleviated colonic inflammation,regulated gastrointestinal hormone peptide levels,and elevated the levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Additionally,postbiotics and EPS of LRa05 down-regulated the level of aquaporin 4(AQP4)and aquaporin 8(AQP8)expression,while up-regulated the level of C-Kit and the stem cell factor(SCF)expression.The 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that postbiotics and EPS of LRa05 could alter the composition of the gut microbiome,leading to the restoration of microbial communities such as Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,Bacteroides,Akkermansia,Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,and Alloprevotella.These findings suggested that both postbiotics and EPS of LRa05 could alleviate Lop-induced constipation,with a particular emphasis on the impact of EPS of LRa05.This study offers a theoretical foundation for postbiotics and EPS of LRa05 as novel microecological agents.It also pioneers a new path for the development of functional polysaccharides and clinical applications of postbiotics by elucidating the unique role of EPS of LRa05 in alleviating constipation for the first time.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFD2100504).
文摘Postbiotic functionality is strongly influenced by the inactivation method used,yet direct comparisons among different strategies remain limited.This study compared heat treatment,ultrasound treatment,and atmospheric cold plasma(ACP)treatment for the preparation of postbiotics from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SC02(L.plantarum SC02),and systematically evaluated their effects on strains'cell morphology,antibacterial activity,antioxidant capacity,and metabolite profiles.Although all three treatments effectively inactivated L.plantarum SC02,the resulting postbiotics showed marked differences in bioactivity.Among them,the ultrasound-treated postbiotic(SC02-U)exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity,with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)radical scavenging rates of 46.22±0.48%and 46.42±0.36%,respectively,and also showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the tested foodborne pathogens,especially Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,with the lowest minimum inhibitory con-centration 12.5%(v/v)and the largest inhibition zones.Non-targeted metabolomics further revealed that SC02-U displayed a broader range of differential metabolites than the heat-treated postbiotic(SC02-H),with 1397 significantly altered metabolites identified in the comparison between De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe(MRS)and SC02-U,compared with 987 in the comparison between MRS and SC02-H.Overall,sonication is a more effective strategy for preparing L.plantarum SC02 postbiotics with enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities.This is likely because sonication not only promotes the release of intracellular metabolites and bioactive components but also preserves more of the activity of extracellular metabolites.This work provides practical evidence for selecting efficient inactivation techniques to improve the functional quality of postbiotic products.
