Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life events.Currently,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with...Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life events.Currently,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress disorder.In addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.Evidence suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder.We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December 2023.These included four studies with whole blood,seven with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes,and one with serum exosomes.One of these studies had also used whole plasma.Two studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA biomarkers.Most of the studies had collected samples from adult male Veterans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult subjects.In measuring miRNA expression levels,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString panels.Only six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PTSD subjects compared to controls.The miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes;and miR-18a-3p and-7-1-5p in blood plasma.Several important limitations identified in the studies need to be taken into account in future studies.Further studies are warranted with war veterans and recently traumatized children,adolescents,and adults having PTSD and use of animal models subjected to various stressors and the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Postoperative anxiety,depression,irritability,and even fear in patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures may hinder recovery,compromise treatment efficacy,and impede rehabilitation.AIM To investigat...BACKGROUND Postoperative anxiety,depression,irritability,and even fear in patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures may hinder recovery,compromise treatment efficacy,and impede rehabilitation.AIM To investigate the correlations among anxiety,depression,sense of coherence(SOC),and post-traumatic growth(PTG)in patients who underwent intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery to improve clinical management strategies and outcomes.METHODS This study carefully selected 211 patients who received surgical treatment for intertrochanteric femoral fractures and were admitted to Dongying People’s Hospital from March 2022 to March 2024.Anxiety and depression in these patients were assessed with the anxiety and depression subscales of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),respectively.SOC was evaluated using the 13-item SOC scale(SOC-13),which encompasses three key dimensions:Comprehensibility,manageability,and meaningfulness.PTG was assessed with the Chinese version of PTG Inventory(CPTGI),covering five distinct dimensions:Personal strength,appreciation of life,relating to others,new possibilities,and spiritual change.The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to meticulously analyze the associations among HADS-Anxiety,HADS-Depression,SOC-13,and CPTGI.Further,univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors that affect PTG in patients who underwent intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery.RESULTS The collected data demonstrated that 67.30%and 60.66%of the 211 patients experienced anxiety and depression,respectively,with overall anxiety levels ranging from mild to moderate and depression levels being mild.The mean SOC-13 score was 55.73±8.81 points,indicating a generally low SOC level.The average CPTGI score was 54.93±9.92 points,demonstrating a relatively low PTG level.Notably,both HADS-Anxiety and HADS-Depression scores were significantly negatively correlated with CPTGI,whereas SOC-13 scores were significantly positively correlated with CPTGI.Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the presence of comorbidities[odds ratio(OR)=2.747,P=0.003],monthly household income(OR=3.292,P<0.001),and exercise habits(OR=4.651,P<0.001)as independent predictors of PTG in patients.CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate a significant negative correlation of anxiety and depression with PTG in patients after intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery,whereas a significant positive association exists between SOC and PTG.This study helps more comprehensively understand the psychological status and recovery processes of such patients,thereby potentially providing valuable information for clinical practice and psychological interventions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although exposure therapy is a proven treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),empirical research is difficult due to ethical issues.Recently,virtual reality-based content that can provide space a...BACKGROUND Although exposure therapy is a proven treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),empirical research is difficult due to ethical issues.Recently,virtual reality-based content that can provide space and time similar to reality for exposure therapy techniques is increasing.AIM To examine exposure therapy using driving simulations in patients with PTSD due to traffic accidents with PTSD symptoms.METHODS The intervention was provided to two individuals who experienced PTSD symptoms after a traffic accident using a driving simulator.Among the singlesubject experimental designs,the ABA(baseline-intervention-baseline)design was used,and the PTSD checklist and brain wave frequency were used to measure the results.RESULTS In all participants,the standard category departure time of the electroencephalogram decreased from baseline,and PTSD symptoms decreased after the intervention.CONCLUSION These results suggest the potential use of a driving simulator as an exposure treatment tool for PTSD.展开更多
Dear Editor,Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a major issue for military personnel,with prevalence rates between 1%and 35%in veterans^([1]),significantly higher than in the general population^([2]).Psychological ...Dear Editor,Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a major issue for military personnel,with prevalence rates between 1%and 35%in veterans^([1]),significantly higher than in the general population^([2]).Psychological resources,particularly hope,can protect against PTSD and promote post-traumatic growth^([3]).Hope,conceptualized as both a trait and a state,contributes to well-being and resilience and is negatively associated with PTSD symptoms,representing a psychological factor while mitigating the impact of trauma by fostering resilience and adaptive coping mechanisms.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of early post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)among young and middle-aged patients who have suffered open globe injuries,and to identify the psychosocial factors influencing PTSD in these...AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of early post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)among young and middle-aged patients who have suffered open globe injuries,and to identify the psychosocial factors influencing PTSD in these patients.METHODS:A total of 280 patients who underwent ocular trauma surgery between January 2023 and January 2024 were selected through convenience sampling.Data were collected using a custom-designed demographic questionnaire,the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CDRISC),the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(C-ERRI),and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C).Univariate analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine the factors affecting PTSD in these patients.RESULTS:The average PTSD score for the patients was 33.22±13.48.The scores for individual PTSD dimensions,ranked from highest to lowest,were recurrent traumatic experiences,heightened arousal,avoidance reactions,and social dysfunction.Positive PTSD symptoms were observed in 85 patients(30.36%).Univariate analysis indicated that gender,postoperative vision,marital status,psychological resilience,and rumination were significant factors affecting PTSD symptoms(χ^(2)/t=6.53,17.88,8.83,2.17,and 14.1,respectively;all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between rumination and PTSD symptoms(r=0.73,P<0.01)and a negative correlation between psychological resilience and PTSD symptoms(r=-0.14,P<0.05).Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified postoperative vision(notably eye removal),rumination levels,and psychological resilience(optimism)as major factors influencing PTSD in these patients(R^(2)=0.57,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Young and middle-aged patients with open globe injuries have a high incidence of PTSD.Significant risk factors for early PTSD include primary enucleation,high levels of rumination,and low psychological resilience(optimism).Conversely,patients with good postoperative vision recovery,low rumination levels,and high levels of optimism are less likely to develop PTSD.Healthcare providers should pay special attention to patients who undergo primary enucleation,strive to reduce their rumination levels,and enhance their psychological resilience,thereby promoting a positive and optimistic attitude towards their condition and reducing the incidence of PTSD.展开更多
Over one-third of 700,000 military personnel who served in the first Gulf War(GW)suffer from an assortment of symptoms,including cognitive and memory problems,musculoskeletal pain,gastrointestinal discomfort,fatigue,a...Over one-third of 700,000 military personnel who served in the first Gulf War(GW)suffer from an assortment of symptoms,including cognitive and memory problems,musculoskeletal pain,gastrointestinal discomfort,fatigue,and respiratory issues[1,2].The precise etiology of Gulf War illness(GWI)is unclear.However,epidemiological and preclinical studies imply that exposures to the prophylactic drug pyridostigmine bromide,insecticides,pesticides,smoke from oil well fires,and interaction between these exposures and war-related stress underlie this illness[2].As per the Kansas case definition,GWI is a chronic multi-symptom illness displaying one moderately severe and/or multiple symptoms of any severity in at least 3 of 6 symptom domains(fatigue,pain,neurological/cognitive/mood,skin,gastrointestinal,respiratory)[1,2].While the exact pathophysiological changes underlying GWI have not been identified,alterations in immune regulation and dysregulation of the redox balance have been observed in GWI,resulting in chronic systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation[2].展开更多
Mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)-induced post-traumatic headache(PTH)is a pressing public health concern and leading cause of disability worldwide.Although PTH is often accompanied by neurological disorders,the exact...Mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)-induced post-traumatic headache(PTH)is a pressing public health concern and leading cause of disability worldwide.Although PTH is often accompanied by neurological disorders,the exact underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.Identifying potential biomarkers may prompt the diagnosis and development of effective treatments for mTBI-induced PTH.In this study,a mouse model of mTBI-induced PTH was established to investigate its effects on cerebral structure and function during short-term recovery.Results indicated that mice with mTBI-induced PTH exhibited balance deficits during the early post-injury stage.Metabolic kinetics revealed that variations in neurotransmitters were most prominent in the cerebellum,temporal lobe/cortex,and hippocampal regions during the early stages of PTH.Additionally,variations in brain functional activities and connectivity were further detected in the early stage of PTH,particularly in the cerebellum and temporal cortex,suggesting that these regions play central roles in the mechanism underlying PTH.Moreover,our results suggested that GABA and glutamate may serve as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for PTH.Future studies should explore the specific neural circuits involved in the regulation of PTH by the cerebellum and temporal cortex,with these two regions potentially utilized as targets for non-invasive stimulation in future clinical treatment.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)poses significant physical and psychological challenges that necessitate an exploration of factors influencing post-traumatic growth(PTG)for patient well-being.This study aims to investigate the ef...Colorectal cancer(CRC)poses significant physical and psychological challenges that necessitate an exploration of factors influencing post-traumatic growth(PTG)for patient well-being.This study aims to investigate the effects of positive psychological capital(PsyCap)and perceived stress on mediating the social support-PTG relation among 673 CRC patients.Social support,positive PsyCap,perceived stress,and PTG were assessed through questionnaires.The results indicated a direct prediction effect of social support on PTG(LICI=0.481,ULCI=0.644),with the direct effect being 59.5%.Both positive PsyCap and perceived stress exerted a mediating role in the correlation between social support and PTG,with the mediating effects occupying 29.4%(LICI=0.217,ULCI=0.343)and 5.7%(LICI=0.030,ULCI=0.082),respectively.Positive PsyCap further had a chain mediating effect on perceived stress(LICI=0.031,ULCI=0.074),with the chain effect accounting for 5.4%.The total impact of social support on PTG was 100%(LICI=0.882,ULCI=1.008).This model underscores the pivotal role of social support in promoting PTG in CRC patients.Positive PsyCap serves as a crucial mediator in the social support-PTG link,with perceived stress playing a sequential mediating role.Thesefindings suggest that strengthening social support networks and cultivating positive PsyCap may reduce perceived stress and promote the development of PTG in CRC patients.Consequently,intervention programs are recommended to improve the psychosocial well-being of CRC patients.展开更多
Background:Disasters have effects that leave great negative marks on our lives,even after many years have passed.Individuals who experience an earthquake experience physical and psychological difficulties.The purpose ...Background:Disasters have effects that leave great negative marks on our lives,even after many years have passed.Individuals who experience an earthquake experience physical and psychological difficulties.The purpose of this study is to determine how psychological resilience levels affect the feeling of hopelessness and post-traumatic growth in adults who experienced the 06 February,2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake.Methods:Data were collected using the“Personal Information Form(PIF)”,“Turkish forms of Adult Resilience Measure(ARM)”,“Dispositional Hope Scale(DHS)”and“Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI)”.In order to determine whether there is a significant difference in the effect of psychological resilience of earthquake victims participating in the study on hope and post-traumatic growth levels in terms of socio-demographic variables,after determining that the data was normally distributed,total score average,minimum and maximum values,standard deviation(SD),independent sample t-test,ANOVA,correlation analysis to determine the relationship between the scales and multiple regression analysis to determine the effect between the scales were performed.Results:Of the 202 earthquake victims who participated in the study,65.8%were between the ages of 18–34,67.3%were female,92.1%were not trapped under the rubble,and 34.2%had second-degree relatives trapped under the rubble.It was determined that 77.8%of them lost their relatives in the earthquake and 77.8%of them lost a serious amount of property and money due to the earthquake.As a result of the analysis,it was determined that psychological resilience had a statistically significant and positive effect on hopelessness and post-traumatic growth in individuals who experienced the 06 February earthquake.In this regard,it has been determined that as the psychological resilience of individuals increases,their hope levels and post-traumatic growth will also increase.Conclusion:Based on the research results,increasing hope and increasing psychological resilience in psychosocial support studies carried out by mental health professionals for traumatic events will contribute to the spiritual recovery of individuals.展开更多
Objective:To find a viable alternative to reduce the number of doses required for the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),and to improve efficacy and patient compliance.Methods: In this study,we used gi...Objective:To find a viable alternative to reduce the number of doses required for the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),and to improve efficacy and patient compliance.Methods: In this study,we used ginger oil,a phytochemical with potential therapeutic properties,to prepare ginger oil patches.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to quantify the main active component of ginger oil,6-gingerol.Transdermal absorption experiments were conducted to optimize the various pressure-sensitive adhesives and permeation enhancers,including their type and concentration.Subsequently,the ginger oil patches were optimized and subjected to content determination and property evaluations.A PTSD mouse model was established using the foot-shock method.The therapeutic effect of ginger oil patches on PTSD was assessed through pathological sections,behavioral tests,and the evaluation of biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),and melatonin(MT).Results: The results demonstrated that ginger oil patches exerted therapeutic effects against PTSD by inhibiting inflammatory responses and modulating MT and BDNF levels.Pharmacokinetic experiments revealed that ginger oil patches maintained a stable blood drug concentration for at least one day,addressing the rapid metabolism drawback of 6-gingerol and enhancing its therapeutic efficacy.Conclusions: Ginger oil can be prepared as a transdermal drug patch that meets these requirements,and the bioavailability of the prepared patch is better than that of oral administration.It can improve PTSD with good patient compliance and ease of administration.Therefore,it is a promising therapeutic formulation for the treatment of PTSD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Breast cancer(BC)is a common cancer among females in Africa.Being infected with BC in Africa seems like a life sentence and brings devastating experiences to patients and households.As a result,BC is comorb...BACKGROUND Breast cancer(BC)is a common cancer among females in Africa.Being infected with BC in Africa seems like a life sentence and brings devastating experiences to patients and households.As a result,BC is comorbid with trauma,post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),and post-traumatic growth(PTG).AIM To identify empirical evidence from peer-reviewed articles on the comorbidity trajectories between BC and trauma,BC and PTSD,and BC and PTG.METHODS This review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines of conducting a systematic review.Literature searches of the National Library of Medicine,Scopus,PubMed,Google Scholar,and Scopus databases were conducted using search terms developed for the study.The search hint yielded 769 results,which were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.At the end of the screening,24 articles were included in the systematic review.RESULTS BC patients suffered trauma and PTSD during the diagnosis and treatment stages.These traumatic events include painful experiences during and after diagnosis,psychological distress,depression,and cultural stigma against BC patients.PTSD occurrence among BC patients varies across African countries,as this review disclosed:90%was reported in Kenya,80%was reported in Zimbabwe,and 46%was reported in Nigeria.The severity of PTSD among BC patients in Africa was based on the test results communicated to the patients.Furthermore,this review revealed that BC patients experience PTG,which involves losing,regaining,and surrendering final control over the body,rebuilding a personified identity,and newfound appreciation for the body.CONCLUSION Patients with BC undergo numerous traumatic experiences during their diagnosis and treatment.Psychological interventions are needed in SSA to mitigate trauma and PTSD,as well as promote PTG.展开更多
Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined as “actual exposure to death or the threat of death, serious injury or sexual violence”, either directly or indirectly, resulting in a symptomatic proce...Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined as “actual exposure to death or the threat of death, serious injury or sexual violence”, either directly or indirectly, resulting in a symptomatic procession of repetition, avoidance, neurovegetative hyperactivity and individualized symptoms, with or without negative cognitive and mood changes. It therefore goes without saying that the defence and security forces constitute a high-risk population in need of attention. Objective: To study post-traumatic stress disorder in defence and security forces in the city of Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 2022 to July 2023. The study population consisted of active military, republican police and firefighters in the city of Parakou in 2023. Non-proportional stratified sampling was used, given the inaccessibility of the source population size for national security reasons. Post-traumatic stress disorder was assessed using the “post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5 (PCLS-5) scale. Results: A total of 305 subjects participated in the survey. Males dominated 90.2%. The most represented corps was the Republican Police (41.6%), most of whom were non-commissioned officers (46.6%). The majority count between 11 and 20 years of service (48.9%), with 2 to 5 missions completed (67.5%). The calculated prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder was 11.8%, based on the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5 (PCL-5). Of the 36 respondents with post-traumatic stress disorder, 20 (55.6%) had experienced an armed attack, 25 (69.4%) had witnessed a violent death, 18 (50.0%) had witnessed the agony of a colleague, 15 (41.7%) had been exposed to a fire or explosion, while 26 (72.2%) had been traumatized by physical and/or verbal aggression. 5 (13.9%) had consulted a specialist psychiatrist, while 6 (16.7%) were on medication and 26 (72.2%) used sport as a means of maintaining physical and mental health. Respectively 22 (61.1%) and 21 (58.3%) had definite symptoms of anxiety and depression. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between post-traumatic stress disorder and the following variables: total number of children ≤ 2 (p = 0.015), comorbidities such as arterial hypertension (p = 0.007), history of hepatitis (p = 0.017), work accidents (p = 0.016), alcohol dependence (p = 0.004), domestic violence (p = 0.004), psychological violence (p = 0.017) and anxiety disorders (p Conclusion: Defence and security personnel can also be prey to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which needs to be systematically taken into account when they are subjected to trauma in the course of their duties. Mental health should be an integral part of the periodic medical check-up objectives for defence and security forces throughout the country.展开更多
Objective: This paper aims to observe the Pearl Yangxin Anshen Decoction to influence the score of HAMD and PTSD-SS, the changes of the cytokines and the related metabolic product in patients with PTSD. Methods: From ...Objective: This paper aims to observe the Pearl Yangxin Anshen Decoction to influence the score of HAMD and PTSD-SS, the changes of the cytokines and the related metabolic product in patients with PTSD. Methods: From June 2015 to May 2016, in the traditional Chinese medicine clinics of Hainan Province People’s Hospital, there were 50 patients with PTSD, the age were from 30 to 60, they were randomly divided into treatment group (25 cases) and control group (25 cases), then compared the scores of HAMD and PTSD-SS between the two groups, searched the changes of cytokines and the related metabolic product. Results: In the treatment group: before and after treatment the scores of PTSD-SS were 65.64 ± 7.02, 28.32 ± 4.18, and the scores of HAMD were 29.28 ± 1.97, 11.72 ± 2.13;In the control group: before and after treatment the scores of PTSD-SS were 63.24 ± 6.16, 31.40 ± 4.29, the scores of HAMD were 30.24 ± 2.05, 13.08 ± 2.30. After 3 months patients in treatment group the scores of PTSD-SS and HAMD were lower than the control group (t = 2.570, P = 0.013, t = -2.1640, P = 0.035). In the control group: before and after 3 months treatment the IL-2 levels respectively were 79.84 ± 26.46 pg/ml, 56.18 ± 22.67 pg/ml, the IL-6 levels respectively were 110.83 ± 47.65 pg/ml, 59.67 ± 44.68 pg/ml, the IL-8 levels respectively were 73.11 ± 78.51 pg/ml, 55.83 ± 81.94 pg/ml, the NE levels respectively were 420.04 ± 674.75 pg/ml, 185.31 ± 417.91 pg/ml, the MDA levels respectively were 112.35 ± 62.87 ng/ml, 60.42.33 ± 53.64 ng/ml, the NO levels were 126.6 ± 47.4 μmol/L, 78.6 ± 45.7 μmol/L, the VIP levels were 396.6 ± 144.4 pg/ml, 122.4 ± 111.5 pg/ml. In the treatment group: before and after 3 months treatment the IL-2 levels respectively were 86.00 ± 32.29 pg/ml, 53.84 ± 27.01 pg/ml, the IL-6 levels respectively were 108.21 ± 44.60 pg/ml, 42.46 ± 42.16 pg/ml, the IL-8 levels respectively were 81.48 ± 94.19 pg/ml, 54.07 ± 84.15 pg/ml, the NE levels respectively were 392.93 ± 592.84 pg/ml, 243.85 ± 588.45 pg/ml, the MDA levels respectively were 117.58 ± 63.37 ng/ml, 45.91 ± 38.94 ng/ml, the NO levels respectively were 135.9 ± 46.4 μmol/L, 72.6 ± 46.6 μmol/L, the VIP levels respectively were 414.0 ± 140.1 pg/ml, 185.8 ± 105.3 pg/ml. In the two groups as the extension of treatment time, the content of IL-2, IL-8, IL-6, NE, MDA, NO, and VIP were gradually reduced, and the level of reduction of the treatment group patients was higher than the control group, the change of ACTH and SOD levels just the opposite. Conclusion: The Pearl Yangxin Anshen Decoction could improve the symptoms of psychological anxiety, depression and other psychological problems in patients with PTSD, and influence the change of cytokines and related metabolites product.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the occurrence of PTSD in pre-hospital emergency nurses and its related factors, and to compare the differences of neurotransmitter and immune-related factors between pre-hospital emergency n...Objective: To investigate the occurrence of PTSD in pre-hospital emergency nurses and its related factors, and to compare the differences of neurotransmitter and immune-related factors between pre-hospital emergency nurses who experienced traumatic events and those who did not develop PTSD and healthy people. How: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale (PCL-C) tests were performed on pre-hospital emergency nurses in PTSD group, non-PTSD group and healthy control group, and the plasma monoamine neurotransmitters and serum cytokines were determined by double-antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA assay using enzyme-linked adsorption kit provided by Shanghai Xitang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Results: 1) There were statistically significant differences in PCL-C scores between PTSD group, non-PTSD group and healthy group (p α between PTSD group, non-PTSD group and healthy group (p Conclusion: Pre-hospital emergency nurses should have early psychological intervention and guidance to reduce the occurrence of PTSD in emergency and emergency nurses.展开更多
Post-traumatic rhinoplasty is the surgical treatment of the complex functional and aesthetic sequelae of nasal trauma. Correcting a post-traumatic nose is a challenging task, requiring the surgeon to employ a range of...Post-traumatic rhinoplasty is the surgical treatment of the complex functional and aesthetic sequelae of nasal trauma. Correcting a post-traumatic nose is a challenging task, requiring the surgeon to employ a range of techniques and grafts to adequately address the deformities observed. The results of our research show that restoring pre-traumatic form and function remains complex, although many guidelines have been established to refine and optimize the management of the after-effects of nasal trauma. But it is achievable with the right techniques. The objective of our review is to highlight the various post-traumatic nasal sequelae, describe the fundamental principles in the field of post-traumatic rhinoplasty and provide the surgeon with the various existing surgical techniques and strategies so that he or she can make an appropriate choice for the patient.展开更多
Background:Sensitive skin affects a substantial portion of the global population and has significant implications for skin health and well-being.In addition to unpleasant sensory effects,individuals with sensitive ski...Background:Sensitive skin affects a substantial portion of the global population and has significant implications for skin health and well-being.In addition to unpleasant sensory effects,individuals with sensitive skin were likely to be more susceptible to hyperpigmentation.However,the association between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms,remain unclear.Objective:This study aims to investigate the correlation and intrinsic mechanisms between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation through network pharmacology combined with molecular docking.Materials and Methods:The targets associated with sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation were collected from the human gene database,GeneCards.Subsequently,the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis were performed to explore the biological connections between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation.Additionally,the targets of 15 active compounds with reported lightening effects were collected from TCMSP,BATMAN and SymMap databases.Target analysis and molecular docking were performed to identify potential candidates for addressing hyperpigmentation on sensitive skin.The anti-melanogenesis effect of the identified candidate was verified in B16F10 cells.Results:A total of 16971 sensitive skin targets and 11382 hyperpigmentation targets were screened,and 9693 overlapping targets were identified,with a core set comprising 164 targets.The combination of PPI network,KEGG and GO analysis revealed the key role of tyrosinase and immune-mediated inflammation in pigmentation on sensitive skin.Among the 15 active compounds,oxyresveratrol was identified as having a high correlation with the core set targets and predicted strong inhibition of Tyrosine-protein Kinase Kit.The application of oxyresveratrol exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of melanin production in B16F10 cells.Conclusion:This study suggested the crucial roles of immune-mediated inflammation in sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,as well as highlighted the potential of oxyresveratrol in addressing hyperpigmentation on sensitive skin.These comprehensive findings provide a deeper understanding of the connection mechanism between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,offering new insights for the development of targeted treatments and interventions.展开更多
Objective Little is known about the brain systems that contribute to vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD）. Comparison of the resting-state patterns of intrinsic functional synchronization, as measu...Objective Little is known about the brain systems that contribute to vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD）. Comparison of the resting-state patterns of intrinsic functional synchronization, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）, between groups with and without PTSD following a traumatic event can help identify the neural mechanisms of the disorder and targets for intervention. Methods Fifty-four PTSD patients and 72 matched traumatized subjects who experienced the 2008 Sichuan earthquake were imaged with blood oxygen level-dependent （BOLD） fMRI and analyzed using the measure of regional homogeneity （ReHo） during the resting state. Results PTSD patients presented enhanced ReHo in the left inferior parietal lobule and right superior frontal gyrus, and reduced ReHo in the right middle temporal gyrus and lingual gyrus, relative to traumatized individuals without PTSD. Conclusion Our findings showed that abnormal brain activity exists under resting conditions in PTSD patients who had been exposed to a major earthquake. Alterations in the local functional connectivity of cortical regions are likely to contribute to the neural mechanisms underlying PTSD.展开更多
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), which regulates neuronal survival, growth differentiation, and synapse formation, is known to be associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD). However, t...Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), which regulates neuronal survival, growth differentiation, and synapse formation, is known to be associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD). However, the molecular mechanism for those mental disorders remains unknown. Studies have shown that BDNF is associated with PTSD risk and exaggerated startle reaction(a major arousal manifestation of PTSD) in United States military service members who were deployed during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The frequency of the Met/Met in BDNF gene was greater among those with PTSD than those without PTSD. Among individuals who experienced fewer lifetime stressful events, the Met carriers have significantly higher total and startle scores on the PTSD Checklist than the Val/Val carriers. In addition, subjects with PTSD showed higher levels of BDNF in their peripheral blood plasma than the non-probable-PTSD controls. Increased BDNF levels and startle response were observed in both blood plasma and brain hippocampus by inescapable tail shock in rats. In this paper, we reviewed these data to discuss BDNF as a potential biomarker for PTSD risk and its possible roles in the onset of PTSD.展开更多
AIM:To demonstrate prognostic factors for poor visual outcome in patients with post-traumatic endophthalmitis(PTE)following open globe injury.METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted on 66 patients(66 eyes)with PTE...AIM:To demonstrate prognostic factors for poor visual outcome in patients with post-traumatic endophthalmitis(PTE)following open globe injury.METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted on 66 patients(66 eyes)with PTE following open globe injury from 2005 to 2015.Potential factors accounting for good and poor visual outcome were statistically analyzed by Chisquare test and Logistic regression model.RESULTS:In 66 cases,39 cases(59%)had a poor visual outcome.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified retained intraocular foreign body(IOFB)as the only factor significantly associated with poor visual outcome[adjusted odds ratio,4.62;95%confidence interval(1.04-20.53);P=0.04].The most common causative agents were gram-positive organisms(83%),of which Bacillus cereus(33%),was the most common pathogen.All cases received intravitreal antibiotic injections.Oral ciprofloxacin was the most used systemic antibiotic(33%).Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 83%(55/66)of cases.At 6 mo follow-up,mean BCVA was 1.74±0.72 log MAR units.CONCLUSION:In patients with PTE following open globe injury,the only predictor of poor visual outcome is the presence of IOFB.Bacillus cereus is the most isolated microorganism.展开更多
AIM To review and report functional outcomes, complications,and survivorship associated with total knee arthroplasty(TKA) in the treatment of post-traumatic arthritis(PTA).METHODS We conducted a systematic review acco...AIM To review and report functional outcomes, complications,and survivorship associated with total knee arthroplasty(TKA) in the treatment of post-traumatic arthritis(PTA).METHODS We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS in December 2015 for Englishlanguage clinical research studies, both prospective and retrospective, examining the use of TKA for the treatment of PTA. All relevant articles were accessed in full. The manual search included references of retrieved articles.We extracted data on patients' demographics and clinical outcomes, including preoperative diagnosis and pre- and post-operative functional scores. We summarized the data and reported the results in tables and text.RESULTS Sixteen studies, four prospective and ten retrospective,examined patients who underwent TKA for PTA due to fractures of the proximal tibia, patella, and/or distal femur. Eleven studies utilized the Knee Society Scores criteria to assess functional outcomes. All studies utilizing these criteria reported an improvement in functional and knee scores of patients following TKA. Further, studies reported an increased range of motion(ROM) and reduction of pain following surgery. The most commonly reported complications with TKA included infection, stiffness, wound complications, intraoperative rupture of tendons, and osteolysis/polyethylene wear. The overwhelming majority of these complications occurred within the first two years following surgery. Six studies examined the survivorship of TKA with subsequent revision for any reason as an endpoint. Compared to patients with osteoarthritis, patients with PTA required more revisions, the majority for polyethylene wear.CONCLUSION Although associated with higher complication rates,TKA is an effective treatment for PTA, as it improves ROM, pain and functional outcomes.展开更多
文摘Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life events.Currently,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress disorder.In addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.Evidence suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder.We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December 2023.These included four studies with whole blood,seven with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes,and one with serum exosomes.One of these studies had also used whole plasma.Two studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA biomarkers.Most of the studies had collected samples from adult male Veterans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult subjects.In measuring miRNA expression levels,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString panels.Only six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PTSD subjects compared to controls.The miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes;and miR-18a-3p and-7-1-5p in blood plasma.Several important limitations identified in the studies need to be taken into account in future studies.Further studies are warranted with war veterans and recently traumatized children,adolescents,and adults having PTSD and use of animal models subjected to various stressors and the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.
文摘BACKGROUND Postoperative anxiety,depression,irritability,and even fear in patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures may hinder recovery,compromise treatment efficacy,and impede rehabilitation.AIM To investigate the correlations among anxiety,depression,sense of coherence(SOC),and post-traumatic growth(PTG)in patients who underwent intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery to improve clinical management strategies and outcomes.METHODS This study carefully selected 211 patients who received surgical treatment for intertrochanteric femoral fractures and were admitted to Dongying People’s Hospital from March 2022 to March 2024.Anxiety and depression in these patients were assessed with the anxiety and depression subscales of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),respectively.SOC was evaluated using the 13-item SOC scale(SOC-13),which encompasses three key dimensions:Comprehensibility,manageability,and meaningfulness.PTG was assessed with the Chinese version of PTG Inventory(CPTGI),covering five distinct dimensions:Personal strength,appreciation of life,relating to others,new possibilities,and spiritual change.The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to meticulously analyze the associations among HADS-Anxiety,HADS-Depression,SOC-13,and CPTGI.Further,univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors that affect PTG in patients who underwent intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery.RESULTS The collected data demonstrated that 67.30%and 60.66%of the 211 patients experienced anxiety and depression,respectively,with overall anxiety levels ranging from mild to moderate and depression levels being mild.The mean SOC-13 score was 55.73±8.81 points,indicating a generally low SOC level.The average CPTGI score was 54.93±9.92 points,demonstrating a relatively low PTG level.Notably,both HADS-Anxiety and HADS-Depression scores were significantly negatively correlated with CPTGI,whereas SOC-13 scores were significantly positively correlated with CPTGI.Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the presence of comorbidities[odds ratio(OR)=2.747,P=0.003],monthly household income(OR=3.292,P<0.001),and exercise habits(OR=4.651,P<0.001)as independent predictors of PTG in patients.CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate a significant negative correlation of anxiety and depression with PTG in patients after intertrochanteric femoral fracture surgery,whereas a significant positive association exists between SOC and PTG.This study helps more comprehensively understand the psychological status and recovery processes of such patients,thereby potentially providing valuable information for clinical practice and psychological interventions.
文摘BACKGROUND Although exposure therapy is a proven treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),empirical research is difficult due to ethical issues.Recently,virtual reality-based content that can provide space and time similar to reality for exposure therapy techniques is increasing.AIM To examine exposure therapy using driving simulations in patients with PTSD due to traffic accidents with PTSD symptoms.METHODS The intervention was provided to two individuals who experienced PTSD symptoms after a traffic accident using a driving simulator.Among the singlesubject experimental designs,the ABA(baseline-intervention-baseline)design was used,and the PTSD checklist and brain wave frequency were used to measure the results.RESULTS In all participants,the standard category departure time of the electroencephalogram decreased from baseline,and PTSD symptoms decreased after the intervention.CONCLUSION These results suggest the potential use of a driving simulator as an exposure treatment tool for PTSD.
基金supported by the Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées(Brétigny-sur-Orge,France).
文摘Dear Editor,Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a major issue for military personnel,with prevalence rates between 1%and 35%in veterans^([1]),significantly higher than in the general population^([2]).Psychological resources,particularly hope,can protect against PTSD and promote post-traumatic growth^([3]).Hope,conceptualized as both a trait and a state,contributes to well-being and resilience and is negatively associated with PTSD symptoms,representing a psychological factor while mitigating the impact of trauma by fostering resilience and adaptive coping mechanisms.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of early post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)among young and middle-aged patients who have suffered open globe injuries,and to identify the psychosocial factors influencing PTSD in these patients.METHODS:A total of 280 patients who underwent ocular trauma surgery between January 2023 and January 2024 were selected through convenience sampling.Data were collected using a custom-designed demographic questionnaire,the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CDRISC),the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(C-ERRI),and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C).Univariate analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine the factors affecting PTSD in these patients.RESULTS:The average PTSD score for the patients was 33.22±13.48.The scores for individual PTSD dimensions,ranked from highest to lowest,were recurrent traumatic experiences,heightened arousal,avoidance reactions,and social dysfunction.Positive PTSD symptoms were observed in 85 patients(30.36%).Univariate analysis indicated that gender,postoperative vision,marital status,psychological resilience,and rumination were significant factors affecting PTSD symptoms(χ^(2)/t=6.53,17.88,8.83,2.17,and 14.1,respectively;all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between rumination and PTSD symptoms(r=0.73,P<0.01)and a negative correlation between psychological resilience and PTSD symptoms(r=-0.14,P<0.05).Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified postoperative vision(notably eye removal),rumination levels,and psychological resilience(optimism)as major factors influencing PTSD in these patients(R^(2)=0.57,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Young and middle-aged patients with open globe injuries have a high incidence of PTSD.Significant risk factors for early PTSD include primary enucleation,high levels of rumination,and low psychological resilience(optimism).Conversely,patients with good postoperative vision recovery,low rumination levels,and high levels of optimism are less likely to develop PTSD.Healthcare providers should pay special attention to patients who undergo primary enucleation,strive to reduce their rumination levels,and enhance their psychological resilience,thereby promoting a positive and optimistic attitude towards their condition and reducing the incidence of PTSD.
基金Department of Defense(W81XWH-17-1-0447 and W81XWH1910548 to AKS)Texas A&M University School of Medicine。
文摘Over one-third of 700,000 military personnel who served in the first Gulf War(GW)suffer from an assortment of symptoms,including cognitive and memory problems,musculoskeletal pain,gastrointestinal discomfort,fatigue,and respiratory issues[1,2].The precise etiology of Gulf War illness(GWI)is unclear.However,epidemiological and preclinical studies imply that exposures to the prophylactic drug pyridostigmine bromide,insecticides,pesticides,smoke from oil well fires,and interaction between these exposures and war-related stress underlie this illness[2].As per the Kansas case definition,GWI is a chronic multi-symptom illness displaying one moderately severe and/or multiple symptoms of any severity in at least 3 of 6 symptom domains(fatigue,pain,neurological/cognitive/mood,skin,gastrointestinal,respiratory)[1,2].While the exact pathophysiological changes underlying GWI have not been identified,alterations in immune regulation and dysregulation of the redox balance have been observed in GWI,resulting in chronic systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation[2].
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2021A1515010897)Discipline Construction Fund of Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang(2020A01,2020A02)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970973,21921004,32271148)Biosecurity Research Project(23SWAQ24)。
文摘Mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)-induced post-traumatic headache(PTH)is a pressing public health concern and leading cause of disability worldwide.Although PTH is often accompanied by neurological disorders,the exact underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.Identifying potential biomarkers may prompt the diagnosis and development of effective treatments for mTBI-induced PTH.In this study,a mouse model of mTBI-induced PTH was established to investigate its effects on cerebral structure and function during short-term recovery.Results indicated that mice with mTBI-induced PTH exhibited balance deficits during the early post-injury stage.Metabolic kinetics revealed that variations in neurotransmitters were most prominent in the cerebellum,temporal lobe/cortex,and hippocampal regions during the early stages of PTH.Additionally,variations in brain functional activities and connectivity were further detected in the early stage of PTH,particularly in the cerebellum and temporal cortex,suggesting that these regions play central roles in the mechanism underlying PTH.Moreover,our results suggested that GABA and glutamate may serve as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for PTH.Future studies should explore the specific neural circuits involved in the regulation of PTH by the cerebellum and temporal cortex,with these two regions potentially utilized as targets for non-invasive stimulation in future clinical treatment.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)poses significant physical and psychological challenges that necessitate an exploration of factors influencing post-traumatic growth(PTG)for patient well-being.This study aims to investigate the effects of positive psychological capital(PsyCap)and perceived stress on mediating the social support-PTG relation among 673 CRC patients.Social support,positive PsyCap,perceived stress,and PTG were assessed through questionnaires.The results indicated a direct prediction effect of social support on PTG(LICI=0.481,ULCI=0.644),with the direct effect being 59.5%.Both positive PsyCap and perceived stress exerted a mediating role in the correlation between social support and PTG,with the mediating effects occupying 29.4%(LICI=0.217,ULCI=0.343)and 5.7%(LICI=0.030,ULCI=0.082),respectively.Positive PsyCap further had a chain mediating effect on perceived stress(LICI=0.031,ULCI=0.074),with the chain effect accounting for 5.4%.The total impact of social support on PTG was 100%(LICI=0.882,ULCI=1.008).This model underscores the pivotal role of social support in promoting PTG in CRC patients.Positive PsyCap serves as a crucial mediator in the social support-PTG link,with perceived stress playing a sequential mediating role.Thesefindings suggest that strengthening social support networks and cultivating positive PsyCap may reduce perceived stress and promote the development of PTG in CRC patients.Consequently,intervention programs are recommended to improve the psychosocial well-being of CRC patients.
文摘Background:Disasters have effects that leave great negative marks on our lives,even after many years have passed.Individuals who experience an earthquake experience physical and psychological difficulties.The purpose of this study is to determine how psychological resilience levels affect the feeling of hopelessness and post-traumatic growth in adults who experienced the 06 February,2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake.Methods:Data were collected using the“Personal Information Form(PIF)”,“Turkish forms of Adult Resilience Measure(ARM)”,“Dispositional Hope Scale(DHS)”and“Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI)”.In order to determine whether there is a significant difference in the effect of psychological resilience of earthquake victims participating in the study on hope and post-traumatic growth levels in terms of socio-demographic variables,after determining that the data was normally distributed,total score average,minimum and maximum values,standard deviation(SD),independent sample t-test,ANOVA,correlation analysis to determine the relationship between the scales and multiple regression analysis to determine the effect between the scales were performed.Results:Of the 202 earthquake victims who participated in the study,65.8%were between the ages of 18–34,67.3%were female,92.1%were not trapped under the rubble,and 34.2%had second-degree relatives trapped under the rubble.It was determined that 77.8%of them lost their relatives in the earthquake and 77.8%of them lost a serious amount of property and money due to the earthquake.As a result of the analysis,it was determined that psychological resilience had a statistically significant and positive effect on hopelessness and post-traumatic growth in individuals who experienced the 06 February earthquake.In this regard,it has been determined that as the psychological resilience of individuals increases,their hope levels and post-traumatic growth will also increase.Conclusion:Based on the research results,increasing hope and increasing psychological resilience in psychosocial support studies carried out by mental health professionals for traumatic events will contribute to the spiritual recovery of individuals.
基金supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation(82172186)Beijing Natural Scientific Foundation(L222126).
文摘Objective:To find a viable alternative to reduce the number of doses required for the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),and to improve efficacy and patient compliance.Methods: In this study,we used ginger oil,a phytochemical with potential therapeutic properties,to prepare ginger oil patches.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to quantify the main active component of ginger oil,6-gingerol.Transdermal absorption experiments were conducted to optimize the various pressure-sensitive adhesives and permeation enhancers,including their type and concentration.Subsequently,the ginger oil patches were optimized and subjected to content determination and property evaluations.A PTSD mouse model was established using the foot-shock method.The therapeutic effect of ginger oil patches on PTSD was assessed through pathological sections,behavioral tests,and the evaluation of biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),and melatonin(MT).Results: The results demonstrated that ginger oil patches exerted therapeutic effects against PTSD by inhibiting inflammatory responses and modulating MT and BDNF levels.Pharmacokinetic experiments revealed that ginger oil patches maintained a stable blood drug concentration for at least one day,addressing the rapid metabolism drawback of 6-gingerol and enhancing its therapeutic efficacy.Conclusions: Ginger oil can be prepared as a transdermal drug patch that meets these requirements,and the bioavailability of the prepared patch is better than that of oral administration.It can improve PTSD with good patient compliance and ease of administration.Therefore,it is a promising therapeutic formulation for the treatment of PTSD.
文摘BACKGROUND Breast cancer(BC)is a common cancer among females in Africa.Being infected with BC in Africa seems like a life sentence and brings devastating experiences to patients and households.As a result,BC is comorbid with trauma,post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),and post-traumatic growth(PTG).AIM To identify empirical evidence from peer-reviewed articles on the comorbidity trajectories between BC and trauma,BC and PTSD,and BC and PTG.METHODS This review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines of conducting a systematic review.Literature searches of the National Library of Medicine,Scopus,PubMed,Google Scholar,and Scopus databases were conducted using search terms developed for the study.The search hint yielded 769 results,which were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.At the end of the screening,24 articles were included in the systematic review.RESULTS BC patients suffered trauma and PTSD during the diagnosis and treatment stages.These traumatic events include painful experiences during and after diagnosis,psychological distress,depression,and cultural stigma against BC patients.PTSD occurrence among BC patients varies across African countries,as this review disclosed:90%was reported in Kenya,80%was reported in Zimbabwe,and 46%was reported in Nigeria.The severity of PTSD among BC patients in Africa was based on the test results communicated to the patients.Furthermore,this review revealed that BC patients experience PTG,which involves losing,regaining,and surrendering final control over the body,rebuilding a personified identity,and newfound appreciation for the body.CONCLUSION Patients with BC undergo numerous traumatic experiences during their diagnosis and treatment.Psychological interventions are needed in SSA to mitigate trauma and PTSD,as well as promote PTG.
文摘Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined as “actual exposure to death or the threat of death, serious injury or sexual violence”, either directly or indirectly, resulting in a symptomatic procession of repetition, avoidance, neurovegetative hyperactivity and individualized symptoms, with or without negative cognitive and mood changes. It therefore goes without saying that the defence and security forces constitute a high-risk population in need of attention. Objective: To study post-traumatic stress disorder in defence and security forces in the city of Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 2022 to July 2023. The study population consisted of active military, republican police and firefighters in the city of Parakou in 2023. Non-proportional stratified sampling was used, given the inaccessibility of the source population size for national security reasons. Post-traumatic stress disorder was assessed using the “post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5 (PCLS-5) scale. Results: A total of 305 subjects participated in the survey. Males dominated 90.2%. The most represented corps was the Republican Police (41.6%), most of whom were non-commissioned officers (46.6%). The majority count between 11 and 20 years of service (48.9%), with 2 to 5 missions completed (67.5%). The calculated prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder was 11.8%, based on the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5 (PCL-5). Of the 36 respondents with post-traumatic stress disorder, 20 (55.6%) had experienced an armed attack, 25 (69.4%) had witnessed a violent death, 18 (50.0%) had witnessed the agony of a colleague, 15 (41.7%) had been exposed to a fire or explosion, while 26 (72.2%) had been traumatized by physical and/or verbal aggression. 5 (13.9%) had consulted a specialist psychiatrist, while 6 (16.7%) were on medication and 26 (72.2%) used sport as a means of maintaining physical and mental health. Respectively 22 (61.1%) and 21 (58.3%) had definite symptoms of anxiety and depression. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between post-traumatic stress disorder and the following variables: total number of children ≤ 2 (p = 0.015), comorbidities such as arterial hypertension (p = 0.007), history of hepatitis (p = 0.017), work accidents (p = 0.016), alcohol dependence (p = 0.004), domestic violence (p = 0.004), psychological violence (p = 0.017) and anxiety disorders (p Conclusion: Defence and security personnel can also be prey to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which needs to be systematically taken into account when they are subjected to trauma in the course of their duties. Mental health should be an integral part of the periodic medical check-up objectives for defence and security forces throughout the country.
文摘Objective: This paper aims to observe the Pearl Yangxin Anshen Decoction to influence the score of HAMD and PTSD-SS, the changes of the cytokines and the related metabolic product in patients with PTSD. Methods: From June 2015 to May 2016, in the traditional Chinese medicine clinics of Hainan Province People’s Hospital, there were 50 patients with PTSD, the age were from 30 to 60, they were randomly divided into treatment group (25 cases) and control group (25 cases), then compared the scores of HAMD and PTSD-SS between the two groups, searched the changes of cytokines and the related metabolic product. Results: In the treatment group: before and after treatment the scores of PTSD-SS were 65.64 ± 7.02, 28.32 ± 4.18, and the scores of HAMD were 29.28 ± 1.97, 11.72 ± 2.13;In the control group: before and after treatment the scores of PTSD-SS were 63.24 ± 6.16, 31.40 ± 4.29, the scores of HAMD were 30.24 ± 2.05, 13.08 ± 2.30. After 3 months patients in treatment group the scores of PTSD-SS and HAMD were lower than the control group (t = 2.570, P = 0.013, t = -2.1640, P = 0.035). In the control group: before and after 3 months treatment the IL-2 levels respectively were 79.84 ± 26.46 pg/ml, 56.18 ± 22.67 pg/ml, the IL-6 levels respectively were 110.83 ± 47.65 pg/ml, 59.67 ± 44.68 pg/ml, the IL-8 levels respectively were 73.11 ± 78.51 pg/ml, 55.83 ± 81.94 pg/ml, the NE levels respectively were 420.04 ± 674.75 pg/ml, 185.31 ± 417.91 pg/ml, the MDA levels respectively were 112.35 ± 62.87 ng/ml, 60.42.33 ± 53.64 ng/ml, the NO levels were 126.6 ± 47.4 μmol/L, 78.6 ± 45.7 μmol/L, the VIP levels were 396.6 ± 144.4 pg/ml, 122.4 ± 111.5 pg/ml. In the treatment group: before and after 3 months treatment the IL-2 levels respectively were 86.00 ± 32.29 pg/ml, 53.84 ± 27.01 pg/ml, the IL-6 levels respectively were 108.21 ± 44.60 pg/ml, 42.46 ± 42.16 pg/ml, the IL-8 levels respectively were 81.48 ± 94.19 pg/ml, 54.07 ± 84.15 pg/ml, the NE levels respectively were 392.93 ± 592.84 pg/ml, 243.85 ± 588.45 pg/ml, the MDA levels respectively were 117.58 ± 63.37 ng/ml, 45.91 ± 38.94 ng/ml, the NO levels respectively were 135.9 ± 46.4 μmol/L, 72.6 ± 46.6 μmol/L, the VIP levels respectively were 414.0 ± 140.1 pg/ml, 185.8 ± 105.3 pg/ml. In the two groups as the extension of treatment time, the content of IL-2, IL-8, IL-6, NE, MDA, NO, and VIP were gradually reduced, and the level of reduction of the treatment group patients was higher than the control group, the change of ACTH and SOD levels just the opposite. Conclusion: The Pearl Yangxin Anshen Decoction could improve the symptoms of psychological anxiety, depression and other psychological problems in patients with PTSD, and influence the change of cytokines and related metabolites product.
文摘Objective: To investigate the occurrence of PTSD in pre-hospital emergency nurses and its related factors, and to compare the differences of neurotransmitter and immune-related factors between pre-hospital emergency nurses who experienced traumatic events and those who did not develop PTSD and healthy people. How: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale (PCL-C) tests were performed on pre-hospital emergency nurses in PTSD group, non-PTSD group and healthy control group, and the plasma monoamine neurotransmitters and serum cytokines were determined by double-antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA assay using enzyme-linked adsorption kit provided by Shanghai Xitang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Results: 1) There were statistically significant differences in PCL-C scores between PTSD group, non-PTSD group and healthy group (p α between PTSD group, non-PTSD group and healthy group (p Conclusion: Pre-hospital emergency nurses should have early psychological intervention and guidance to reduce the occurrence of PTSD in emergency and emergency nurses.
文摘Post-traumatic rhinoplasty is the surgical treatment of the complex functional and aesthetic sequelae of nasal trauma. Correcting a post-traumatic nose is a challenging task, requiring the surgeon to employ a range of techniques and grafts to adequately address the deformities observed. The results of our research show that restoring pre-traumatic form and function remains complex, although many guidelines have been established to refine and optimize the management of the after-effects of nasal trauma. But it is achievable with the right techniques. The objective of our review is to highlight the various post-traumatic nasal sequelae, describe the fundamental principles in the field of post-traumatic rhinoplasty and provide the surgeon with the various existing surgical techniques and strategies so that he or she can make an appropriate choice for the patient.
文摘Background:Sensitive skin affects a substantial portion of the global population and has significant implications for skin health and well-being.In addition to unpleasant sensory effects,individuals with sensitive skin were likely to be more susceptible to hyperpigmentation.However,the association between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms,remain unclear.Objective:This study aims to investigate the correlation and intrinsic mechanisms between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation through network pharmacology combined with molecular docking.Materials and Methods:The targets associated with sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation were collected from the human gene database,GeneCards.Subsequently,the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis were performed to explore the biological connections between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation.Additionally,the targets of 15 active compounds with reported lightening effects were collected from TCMSP,BATMAN and SymMap databases.Target analysis and molecular docking were performed to identify potential candidates for addressing hyperpigmentation on sensitive skin.The anti-melanogenesis effect of the identified candidate was verified in B16F10 cells.Results:A total of 16971 sensitive skin targets and 11382 hyperpigmentation targets were screened,and 9693 overlapping targets were identified,with a core set comprising 164 targets.The combination of PPI network,KEGG and GO analysis revealed the key role of tyrosinase and immune-mediated inflammation in pigmentation on sensitive skin.Among the 15 active compounds,oxyresveratrol was identified as having a high correlation with the core set targets and predicted strong inhibition of Tyrosine-protein Kinase Kit.The application of oxyresveratrol exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of melanin production in B16F10 cells.Conclusion:This study suggested the crucial roles of immune-mediated inflammation in sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,as well as highlighted the potential of oxyresveratrol in addressing hyperpigmentation on sensitive skin.These comprehensive findings provide a deeper understanding of the connection mechanism between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,offering new insights for the development of targeted treatments and interventions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30830046,30625024, 81171286)the National Science and Technology Program of China (2007BAI17B02)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Development Program (973 Program) of China(2009CB918303)the Science and Technology Program of the Ministry of Education, China (20090162110011)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 program:2008AA02Z408)
文摘Objective Little is known about the brain systems that contribute to vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD）. Comparison of the resting-state patterns of intrinsic functional synchronization, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）, between groups with and without PTSD following a traumatic event can help identify the neural mechanisms of the disorder and targets for intervention. Methods Fifty-four PTSD patients and 72 matched traumatized subjects who experienced the 2008 Sichuan earthquake were imaged with blood oxygen level-dependent （BOLD） fMRI and analyzed using the measure of regional homogeneity （ReHo） during the resting state. Results PTSD patients presented enhanced ReHo in the left inferior parietal lobule and right superior frontal gyrus, and reduced ReHo in the right middle temporal gyrus and lingual gyrus, relative to traumatized individuals without PTSD. Conclusion Our findings showed that abnormal brain activity exists under resting conditions in PTSD patients who had been exposed to a major earthquake. Alterations in the local functional connectivity of cortical regions are likely to contribute to the neural mechanisms underlying PTSD.
基金Supported by Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress,Department of Psychiatry,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
文摘Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), which regulates neuronal survival, growth differentiation, and synapse formation, is known to be associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD). However, the molecular mechanism for those mental disorders remains unknown. Studies have shown that BDNF is associated with PTSD risk and exaggerated startle reaction(a major arousal manifestation of PTSD) in United States military service members who were deployed during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The frequency of the Met/Met in BDNF gene was greater among those with PTSD than those without PTSD. Among individuals who experienced fewer lifetime stressful events, the Met carriers have significantly higher total and startle scores on the PTSD Checklist than the Val/Val carriers. In addition, subjects with PTSD showed higher levels of BDNF in their peripheral blood plasma than the non-probable-PTSD controls. Increased BDNF levels and startle response were observed in both blood plasma and brain hippocampus by inescapable tail shock in rats. In this paper, we reviewed these data to discuss BDNF as a potential biomarker for PTSD risk and its possible roles in the onset of PTSD.
文摘AIM:To demonstrate prognostic factors for poor visual outcome in patients with post-traumatic endophthalmitis(PTE)following open globe injury.METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted on 66 patients(66 eyes)with PTE following open globe injury from 2005 to 2015.Potential factors accounting for good and poor visual outcome were statistically analyzed by Chisquare test and Logistic regression model.RESULTS:In 66 cases,39 cases(59%)had a poor visual outcome.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified retained intraocular foreign body(IOFB)as the only factor significantly associated with poor visual outcome[adjusted odds ratio,4.62;95%confidence interval(1.04-20.53);P=0.04].The most common causative agents were gram-positive organisms(83%),of which Bacillus cereus(33%),was the most common pathogen.All cases received intravitreal antibiotic injections.Oral ciprofloxacin was the most used systemic antibiotic(33%).Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 83%(55/66)of cases.At 6 mo follow-up,mean BCVA was 1.74±0.72 log MAR units.CONCLUSION:In patients with PTE following open globe injury,the only predictor of poor visual outcome is the presence of IOFB.Bacillus cereus is the most isolated microorganism.
文摘AIM To review and report functional outcomes, complications,and survivorship associated with total knee arthroplasty(TKA) in the treatment of post-traumatic arthritis(PTA).METHODS We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS in December 2015 for Englishlanguage clinical research studies, both prospective and retrospective, examining the use of TKA for the treatment of PTA. All relevant articles were accessed in full. The manual search included references of retrieved articles.We extracted data on patients' demographics and clinical outcomes, including preoperative diagnosis and pre- and post-operative functional scores. We summarized the data and reported the results in tables and text.RESULTS Sixteen studies, four prospective and ten retrospective,examined patients who underwent TKA for PTA due to fractures of the proximal tibia, patella, and/or distal femur. Eleven studies utilized the Knee Society Scores criteria to assess functional outcomes. All studies utilizing these criteria reported an improvement in functional and knee scores of patients following TKA. Further, studies reported an increased range of motion(ROM) and reduction of pain following surgery. The most commonly reported complications with TKA included infection, stiffness, wound complications, intraoperative rupture of tendons, and osteolysis/polyethylene wear. The overwhelming majority of these complications occurred within the first two years following surgery. Six studies examined the survivorship of TKA with subsequent revision for any reason as an endpoint. Compared to patients with osteoarthritis, patients with PTA required more revisions, the majority for polyethylene wear.CONCLUSION Although associated with higher complication rates,TKA is an effective treatment for PTA, as it improves ROM, pain and functional outcomes.
