A new organization and management mechanism with the local government as the main body was created during the post-disaster reconstruction of the "4. 20 " Lushan earthquake,in which the experiences and lesso...A new organization and management mechanism with the local government as the main body was created during the post-disaster reconstruction of the "4. 20 " Lushan earthquake,in which the experiences and lessons were drawn from the "5. 12"Wenchuan earthquake. Correspondingly, the local government conducted an exploration of the organization and management mode in the field of planning and construction. The effective experiences have been accumulated, including working out a full coverage planning,taking the leading part in the urban-rural planning,and exercising whole space control over the disaster area. An innovation management mode named as "Five Generals Pattern"was implemented in the construction projects. In view that the rural housing reconstruction was a weak link, a new approach to improving the construction management was investigated,by means of strengthening on-site supervision,establishing a technical platform,and bolstering public participation.展开更多
Aba Prefecture Company Name:Sichuan Xintong New Materials Co.Ltd. Address:Shuimo,Wenchuan Nature of Business:Private Project Name:Processing and Sale of Tourism Products Details:Producing and processing of Natural cry...Aba Prefecture Company Name:Sichuan Xintong New Materials Co.Ltd. Address:Shuimo,Wenchuan Nature of Business:Private Project Name:Processing and Sale of Tourism Products Details:Producing and processing of Natural crystal products,man-made gem and other展开更多
After the Morakot disaster in 2009, the affected indigenous tribes suffered from the government’s use of permanent housing as a single reconstruction option, which forced the victims to leave their original land for ...After the Morakot disaster in 2009, the affected indigenous tribes suffered from the government’s use of permanent housing as a single reconstruction option, which forced the victims to leave their original land for a new life in a different reconstruction mode. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways adopted by tribal residents to maintain their own culture and tribal life in the process of disaster, post disaster reconstruction and post disaster adjustment. Veoveoana Village in Taiwan is an indigenous tribe that relocated after a disaster and was reconstructed and developed through tourism development. This study performed the research by participant observation and in-depth interviews on Veoveoana Village. The analytical results showed that: 1) development of the tourism industry can result in cultural reconstruction of the post-disaster tribe and maintain the people’s incomes;2) although the government constantly assists with the rehabilitation of tribal industry by various policies, the implementation cannot effectively continue and the outcome is insignificant;3) due to the gap between permanent prefabricated housing and original tribal cultural features, the residential rate is not high. According to the research findings, it is suggested that, in the process of post-disaster reconstruction, the government and private non-profit organizations should respect the intention of the majority of the indigenous people. In addition, it should cultivate professional manpower for the subsidized projects.展开更多
Since the 1990s,indigenous people in Taiwan,China have engaged in tribal councils for the purpose of integrating the tribal authority and the modern administrative system.The establishment of tribal councils provides ...Since the 1990s,indigenous people in Taiwan,China have engaged in tribal councils for the purpose of integrating the tribal authority and the modern administrative system.The establishment of tribal councils provides a communicative forum for tribal leaders,village,and the association of community development to make decisions of common tribal affairs.When disasters happen,the internal tribal response strategies and external assistance mechanisms might cooperate through either traditional or modern administrative systems.The research focused on how these organizations,while in interim housing,influenced the reconstruction and rehabilitation after disasters.The research's findings suggested that tribal councils,a pre-existing mechanism,seemed to be an appropriate forum for negotiation and decision-making for tribal affairs.展开更多
On May 16,2009,the second China Ecological Civilization and Green Competitiveness International Forum was held in Century City Jiaozi International Meeting Center in Chengdu.This forum is co-organized by National Fore...On May 16,2009,the second China Ecological Civilization and Green Competitiveness International Forum was held in Century City Jiaozi International Meeting Center in Chengdu.This forum is co-organized by National Forestry Bureau,Human Resources and Environmental Committee and Chengdu Municipal Government,and held by China Foreign Trade Com-展开更多
In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the Gaza Strip has suffered regular cycles of reconstruction due to systematic destruction during Israeli military operations, as in 2006, 2008–2009, 2012, and 2014. In this c...In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the Gaza Strip has suffered regular cycles of reconstruction due to systematic destruction during Israeli military operations, as in 2006, 2008–2009, 2012, and 2014. In this context of ongoing conflict this article aims to identify, rank, and discuss the most important factors influencing post-disaster reconstruction project management(PDRPM) for housing in the Gaza Strip. A set of key factors that influence PDRPM were assembled as a result of a global literature review. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and the obtained data were analyzed using a relative importance index for each PDRPM factor. Findings are presented in six groups: housing approaches, organizational behavior, project funding, supply chain and logistics, communication and coordination, and PDRPM context. Findings indicate that the most significant factors that influence PDRPM for housing provision in the Gaza Strip are related to issues associated with financial resources. It is critical that sufficient funding should be available in order to allow organizations to undertake housing projects in an effective and efficient way. Joint efforts are required from international donors and local organizations in order to effectively manage financial resources with the ultimate goal of improving PDRPM for housing provision.展开更多
After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the tim...After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions,combined with the limitations of current methods.To address these challenges,various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.Notably,neuromodulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance nerve regeneration,provide neuroprotection,restore neurons,and regulate the neural reorganization of circuits within the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract.To improve the effectiveness of these interventions,the implementation of multitarget early interventional neuromodulation strategies,such as electrical and magnetic stimulation,is recommended to enhance functional recovery across different phases of nerve injury.This review concisely outlines the challenges encountered following spinal cord injury,synthesizes existing neurostimulation techniques while emphasizing neuroprotection,repair,and regeneration of impaired connections,and advocates for multi-targeted,task-oriented,and timely interventions.展开更多
During the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),reconstruction of transition metal sulfides(TMSs)is inevitable.However,the lack of a clear theoretical understanding of this process has impeded the development of effective r...During the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),reconstruction of transition metal sulfides(TMSs)is inevitable.However,the lack of a clear theoretical understanding of this process has impeded the development of effective reconstruction regulation strategies.In this study,we first explored the reconstruction mechanism of CoS_(2)during OER from the perspective of electronic structure and identified two possible pathways:the OH-assisted mechanism and the O-assisted mechanism.Further verification showed that these mechanisms are universally applicable to other TMSs(e.g.,FeS_(2)).Based on the reconstruction mechanism,we investigated the basic reasons for the influence of various regulation strategies,such as vacancy modification and facet engineering,on the reconstruction ability.This verified that the method of analyzing the change in the reconstruction ability of catalysts based on the reconstruction mechanism has a high degree of applicability.Importantly,we proposed a core regulation strategy:the coordination symmetry regulation strategy.Specifically,by breaking the symmetry of the surface coordination environment of TMSs(such as introducing heteroatom doping or strain),the reconstruction process will be facilitated.Our findings provide a comprehensive mechanistic explanation for the reconstruction of TMS catalysts and offer a new idea for the rational design of OER catalysts with controllable reconstruction capacity.展开更多
There is a contradiction between the evolution rate of materials and the time resolution of SR-CT characterization in the in situ synchrotron radiation computed tomography(SR-CT)characterization of ultrafast evolution...There is a contradiction between the evolution rate of materials and the time resolution of SR-CT characterization in the in situ synchrotron radiation computed tomography(SR-CT)characterization of ultrafast evolution process.The sampling strategy of the ultra-sparse angle is an effective method for improving time resolution.Accurate reconstruction under sparse sampling conditions has always been a bottleneck problem.In recent years,convolutional neural networks have shown outstanding advantages in sparse-angle CT reconstruction given the development of deep learning.However,existing ideas did not consider the expression of high-frequency details in neural networks,limiting their application in accurate SR-CT characterization.A novel high-frequency information-constrained deep learning network(HFIC-Net)is proposed in response to this problem.Additional high-frequency information constraints are added to improve the accuracy of the reconstruction results.Further,a series of numerical reconstruction experiments are conducted to verify this new method,and the results indicate that the reconstruction results of HFIC-Net method effectively improve reconstruction quality.This new method uses only eight-angle projections to achieve the reconstruction effect of the filtered backprojection method(FBP)method in 360 projections.The results of the HFIC-Net method demonstrate clear boundaries and accurate detailed structures,correcting the misinformation caused by using other methods.For quantitative evaluation,the SSIM used to evaluate image structure similarity is increased from 0.1951,0.9212,and 0.9308 for FBP,FBP-Conv,and DDC-Net,respectively,to 0.9620 for HFIC-Net.Finally,the results of actual SR-CT experimental data indicate that the new method can suppress artifacts and achieve accurate reconstruction,and it is suitable for the in situ SR-CT accurate characterization of ultxafast evolution process.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-borne gamma-ray spectrum survey plays a crucial role in geological mapping,radioactive mineral exploration,and environmental monitoring.However,raw data are often compromised by flight and...Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-borne gamma-ray spectrum survey plays a crucial role in geological mapping,radioactive mineral exploration,and environmental monitoring.However,raw data are often compromised by flight and instrument background noise,as well as detector resolution limitations,which affect the accuracy of geological interpretations.This study aims to explore the application of the Real-ESRGAN algorithm in the super-resolution reconstruction of UAV-borne gamma-ray spectrum images to enhance spatial resolution and the quality of geological feature visualization.We conducted super-resolution reconstruction experiments with 2×,4×and 6×magnification using the Real-ESRGAN algorithm,comparing the results with three other mainstream algorithms(SRCNN,SRGAN,FSRCNN)to verify the superiority in image quality.The experimental results indicate that Real-ESRGAN achieved a structural similarity index(SSIM)value of 0.950 at 2×magnification,significantly higher than the other algorithms,demonstrating its advantage in detail preservation.Furthermore,Real-ESRGAN effectively reduced ringing and overshoot artifacts,enhancing the clarity of geological structures and mineral deposit sites,thus providing high-quality visual information for geological exploration.展开更多
Multilayer complex dynamical networks,characterized by the intricate topological connections and diverse hierarchical structures,present significant challenges in determining complete structural configurations due to ...Multilayer complex dynamical networks,characterized by the intricate topological connections and diverse hierarchical structures,present significant challenges in determining complete structural configurations due to the unique functional attributes and interaction patterns inherent to different layers.This paper addresses the critical question of whether structural information from a known layer can be used to reconstruct the unknown intralayer structure of a target layer within general weighted output-coupling multilayer networks.Building upon the generalized synchronization principle,we propose an innovative reconstruction method that incorporates two essential components in the design of structure observers,the cross-layer coupling modulator and the structural divergence term.A key advantage of the proposed reconstruction method lies in its flexibility to freely designate both the unknown target layer and the known reference layer from the general weighted output-coupling multilayer network.The reduced dependency on full-state observability enables more deployment in engineering applications with partial measurements.Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed structure reconstruction method.展开更多
Background 3D botanical tree reconstruction from a single image plays a vital role in the field of computer graphics.However,accurately capturing the intricate branching patterns and detailed morphologies of trees rem...Background 3D botanical tree reconstruction from a single image plays a vital role in the field of computer graphics.However,accurately capturing the intricate branching patterns and detailed morphologies of trees remains a challenge.Methods In this study,we proposed a novel approach for single-image tree reconstruction using a conditional generative adversarial network to infer the 3D skeleton of a tree in the form of a 2D skeleton depth map.Based on the 2D skeleton depth map,a corresponding branching structure(3D skeleton)that inherits the tree shape in the input image and leaves can be generated using a procedural modeling technique.Result Experimental results show that the proposed method accurately reconstructs diverse tree structures across species.Both quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrate improved skeleton completeness,branching accuracy,and visual realism over baseline methods,while requiring no user input.Conclusions Our proposed approach for generating lifelike 3D tree models from a single image with no user input shows its proficiency in achieving efficient and reliable reconstruction.These results showcase the capability of the proposed model to recreate complex tree architectures while capturing their visual authenticity.展开更多
Fracability is a critical indicator for evaluating the exploration and development potential of coalbed methane reservoirs and assessing the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation operations.Its core functi...Fracability is a critical indicator for evaluating the exploration and development potential of coalbed methane reservoirs and assessing the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation operations.Its core function is to characterize the complexity of the induced fracture network and the resulting effective stimulated volume.In this study,we quantified fracture area and geometric complexity using true triaxial fracturing experiments and computed tomography three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology,combined with the box-counting method to calculate the 3D fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces.The results revealed that the total fracture surface area per unit volume of the stimulated reservoir effectively characterized reservoir fracability;specifically,both a larger total fracture surface area and a higher fractal dimension corresponded to better reservoir fracability.Fracture complexity was enhanced by a decrease in the horizontal principal stress difference or an increase in the injection rate.Under optimal conditions of a 3 MPa stress difference and an injection rate of 60 mL/min,fracability improved by 27.6%.Furthermore,liquid carbon dioxide(CO_(2))improved fracability by 50.7%compared to using water as the fracturing fluid,a result attributed to its low viscosity and strong diffusion capacity,which activated a greater number of natural fractures.A fracability evaluation model integrating brittleness,fracture toughness,and dimensionless net pressure was developed using regression analysis,which demonstrated high reliability with a strong determination coefficient(R^(2))of 0.9019.This study clarifies the logical relationships among fracture area,complexity,and fractal dimension,providing a novel method for evaluating the fracability of coal reservoirs.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of decellularized conjunctival stroma(DCS)as a novel biomaterial by comparing its grafting outcomes with amniotic membrane(AM)when used for conjunctival reconstruction after pri...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of decellularized conjunctival stroma(DCS)as a novel biomaterial by comparing its grafting outcomes with amniotic membrane(AM)when used for conjunctival reconstruction after primary pterygium excision.METHODS:This randomized,parallel-controlled study with allocation concealment enrolled 40 patients with primary pterygium.Participants were randomly assigned to two groups using the sealed envelope method:the DCS group(n=20)and the AM group(n=18),receiving DCS and AM grafts respectively.Slit-lamp photography of the operative eyes was performed preoperatively and at 1,3,5,7,10,30,90,and 180d postoperatively.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and symptom scores were recorded simultaneously.In vivo confocal microscopy was conducted at 3 and 6mo postoperatively.RESULTS:All participants exhibited improved postoperative symptoms.The mean age was 60±9y(male/female ratio:6/14)in the DCS group and 56±12y(male/female ratio:7/11)in the AM group.The average epithelial healing time was 9.89±3.54d in the DCS group and 8.17±1.34d in the AM group(P=0.084).One recurrence case was observed in each group.Postoperative graft hemorrhage was significantly more severe in the DCS group than in the AM group only at 30d postoperatively(P=0.011).In vivo confocal microscopy revealed conjunctival epithelial cell growth in both groups at 90d postoperatively,while clear corneo-conjunctival cell boundaries were observed until 180d postoperatively.CONCLUSION:DCS used in primary pterygium surgery has a safety profile comparable to AM.It promotes rapid postoperative conjunctival healing,achieves a relatively low pterygium recurrence rate,and yields outcomes similar to AM.DCS provides a novel biomaterial option for conjunctival reconstruction after pterygium excision and the treatment of other conjunctival injuries.展开更多
Background:Penile augmentation through injectable substances is becoming increasingly common.A growing number of aesthetic clinics are developing penile enlargement procedures using various injectable materials.Althou...Background:Penile augmentation through injectable substances is becoming increasingly common.A growing number of aesthetic clinics are developing penile enlargement procedures using various injectable materials.Although these procedures are now performed in more controlled and medically supervised environments,their long-term outcomes remain poorly understood.The promotion of such medical treatments contributes to an increasing interest among adult males in self-injection as a method to alleviate psychological distress associated with penile size concerns.At the same time,access to injectable substances through unofficial or unregulated sources has become increasingly easy.Tor our knowledge,we report the first documented case of self-injection with Garamycin®(gentamicin)cream,contributing to the literature on the often multidisciplinary management of penile enlargement injections,a field still lacking well-established guidelines.Case Description:This case report describes a young patient who self-injected Garamycin®into the penis for the purpose of enlargement.He presented to our urology department with worsening symptoms,including severe and poorly tolerated pain.His primary request was prompt relief of pain while preserving,as much as possible,the aesthetic appearance and functional integrity of his penis.This case required a multi-stage surgical approach to salvage the penis and preserve both its structural integrity and functional outcome.Conclusions:To our knowledge,this case report documents the first reported instance of Garamycin®injection performed for the purpose of penile enlargement.It provides insight into the clinical course of such penile cream injections,demonstrates that a two-stage scrotal flap can achieve both functional and aesthetic outcomes,and highlights the importance of comprehensive management particularly addressing the traumatic impact of penile deformity secondary to inflammation and/or infection,as well as the body dysmorphic concerns often associated with these cases.展开更多
The moving morphable component(MMC)topology optimization method,as a typical explicit topology optimization method,has been widely concerned.In the MMC topology optimization framework,the surrogate material model is m...The moving morphable component(MMC)topology optimization method,as a typical explicit topology optimization method,has been widely concerned.In the MMC topology optimization framework,the surrogate material model is mainly used for finite element analysis at present,and the effectiveness of the surrogate material model has been fully confirmed.However,there are some accuracy problems when dealing with boundary elements using the surrogate material model,which will affect the topology optimization results.In this study,a boundary element reconstruction(BER)model is proposed based on the surrogate material model under the MMC topology optimization framework to improve the accuracy of topology optimization.The proposed BER model can reconstruct the boundary elements by refining the local meshes and obtaining new nodes in boundary elements.Then the density of boundary elements is recalculated using the new node information,which is more accurate than the original model.Based on the new density of boundary elements,the material properties and volume information of the boundary elements are updated.Compared with other finite element analysis methods,the BER model is simple and feasible and can improve computational accuracy.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by comparing it with the optimization results of the original surrogate material model through several numerical examples.展开更多
The application of conventional manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))materials in sodium-ion supercapacitors(Na-SCs)is considerably limited by their low conductivity and structural instability.Biomimetic morphology engineering c...The application of conventional manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))materials in sodium-ion supercapacitors(Na-SCs)is considerably limited by their low conductivity and structural instability.Biomimetic morphology engineering can optimize the electrochemical performance of MnO_(2).Here,based on the metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)-derived method and electrochemical reconstruction,a coral-like MnO_(2)structure integrated with a functional nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)coating is designed for Na-SC application.The bioinspired coral-like structure captures numerous electrolyte ions and increases the Na+concentration on the electrode surface,which is beneficial for optimizing the Na+transport pathway and accelerating the electrode reaction kinetics.Moreover,the coral-like crosslinked structure effectively enhances the mechanical properties,enabling the maintenance of the structure of MnO_(2)-based electrodes during long-term operation.Furthermore,in/ex-situ characterizations are performed to elucidate the mechanism of lattice transformation during electrochemical phase reconstruction.Additionally,the theoretical calculation and simulation results reveal the ion/electron dynamics in the fabricated electrode.The prepared electrode demonstrates excellent capacitance storage ability(340.7 F g^(−1)at 0.5 A g^(−1))and cycling stability(85.1%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).The assembled hybrid device exhibits exceptional life-span(82.0%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles)and exceptional energy density(36.5 Wh kg^(−1)).This study provides a reliable biomimetic morphology design strategy for MnO_(2)cathodes,paving the way for the fabrication of high-performance Na-SCs.展开更多
Radiance field-based 3D reconstruction has emerged as a transformative research direction due to its remarkable efficiency and quality.This paper presents a systematic analysis of representation models,reconstruction ...Radiance field-based 3D reconstruction has emerged as a transformative research direction due to its remarkable efficiency and quality.This paper presents a systematic analysis of representation models,reconstruction methodologies,and future applications in this field.We start from an overview of multi-view 3D reconstruction tasks,then focus on the key issue:how to represent 3D content effectively.Radiance fields are highlighted for their flexibility and representational completeness.Distinguished from the existing review literature,we adopt a multi-dimensional comparison between neural radiance fields(Ne RF)and 3D Gaussian splatting(3DGS)to develop a unified and in-depth understanding of the radiance field-based approach.Beyond the initial goal of novel view synthesis(NVS),recent breakthroughs in geometry extraction are summarized.Finally,we explore potential applications across areas such as robot localization and mapping,virtual reality,physical simulation,and stereo display.Empowered by the flexible 3D representation within the radiance field-based paradigm,the latest advancements strive to push the boundaries and overcome long-standing bottlenecks in related domains.展开更多
Background:Medical imaging advancements are constrained by fundamental trade-offs between acquisition speed,radiation dose,and image quality,forcing clinicians to work with noisy,incomplete data.Existing reconstructio...Background:Medical imaging advancements are constrained by fundamental trade-offs between acquisition speed,radiation dose,and image quality,forcing clinicians to work with noisy,incomplete data.Existing reconstruction methods either compromise on accuracy with iterative algorithms or suffer from limited generalizability with task-specific deep learning approaches.Methods:We present LDM-PIR,a lightweight physics-conditioned diffusion multi-model for medical image reconstruction that addresses key challenges in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),CT,and low-photon imaging.Unlike traditional iterative methods,which are computationally expensive,or task-specific deep learning approaches lacking generalizability,integrates three innovations.A physics-conditioned diffusion framework that embeds acquisition operators(Fourier/Radon transforms)and noise models directly into the reconstruction process.A multi-model architecture that unifies denoising,inpainting,and super-resolution via shared weight conditioning.A lightweight design(2.1M parameters)enabling rapid inference(0.8s/image on GPU).Through self-supervised fine-tuning with measurement consistency losses adapts to new imaging modalities using fewer annotated samples.Results:Achieves state-of-the-art performance on fastMRI(peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR):34.04 for single-coil/31.50 for multi-coil)and Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative(28.83 PSNR under Poisson noise).Clinical evaluations demonstrate superior preservation of anatomical structures,with SSIM improvements of 8.8%for single-coil and 4.36%for multi-coil MRI over uDPIR.Conclusion:It offers a flexible,efficient,and scalable solution for medical image reconstruction,addressing the challenges of noise,undersampling,and modality generalization.The model’s lightweight design allows for rapid inference,while its self-supervised fine-tuning capability minimizes reliance on large annotated datasets,making it suitable for real-world clinical applications.展开更多
[Significance]In alignment with the national germplasm security strategy,current research efforts are accelerating the adoption of precision breeding in sheep.Within the whole-genome selection,accurate phenotyping of ...[Significance]In alignment with the national germplasm security strategy,current research efforts are accelerating the adoption of precision breeding in sheep.Within the whole-genome selection,accurate phenotyping of body morphometrics is critical for assessing growth performance and breeding value.Traditional manual measurements are inefficient,prone to human error,and may cause stress to sheep,limiting their suitability for precision sheep management.By summarizing the applications of sheep body size measurement technologies and analyzing their development directions,this paper provides theoretical references and practical guidance for the research and application of non contact sheep body size measurement.[Progress]This review synthesizes progress across three principal methodological paradigms:two-dimensional(2D)image-based techniques,three-dimensional(3D)point cloud-based approaches,and integrated 2D-3D fusion systems.2D methods,employing either handcrafted geometric features or deep learning-based keypoint detector algorithms,are cost-effective and operationally simple but sensitive to variation in imaging conditions and unable to capture critical circumference metrics.3D point-cloud approaches enable precise reconstruction of full animal morphology,supporting comprehensive body-size acquisition with higher accuracy,yet face challenges including high hardware costs,complex data workflows,and sensitivity to posture variability.Hybrid 2D-3D fusion systems combine semantic richness from RGB imagery with geometric completeness from point clouds.Having been effectively validated in other livestock specise,e.g.,cattle and pigs,these fusion systems have demonstrated excellent performance,providing important technical references and practical insights for sheep body size measurement.[Conclusions and Prospects]Firstly,future research should focus on constructing large-scale,high-quality datasets for sheep body size measurement that encompass diverse breeds,growth stages,and environmental conditions,thereby enhancing model robustness and generalization.Secondly,the development of lightweight artificial intelligence models is essential.Techniques such as model compression,quantization,and algorithmic optimization can substantially reduce computational complexity and storage requirements,facilitating deployment in resource-constrained environments.Thirdly,the 3D point cloud processing pipeline should be streamlined to improve the efficiency of data acquisition,filtering,registration,and segmentation,while promoting the integration of low-cost,high-resilience vision systems into practical farming scenarios.Fourthly,specific emphasis should be placed on improving the accuracy of curved-dimensional measurements,such as chest circumference,abdominal circumference,and shank circumference,through advances in pose standardization,refined 3D segmentation strategies,and multimodal data fusion.Finally,the cross-fertilization of sheep body size measurement technologies with analogous methods for other livestock species offers a promising pathway for mutual learning and collaborative innovation,accelerating the industrialization of automated sheep morphometric systems and supporting the development of intelligent,data-driven pasture management practices.展开更多
基金sponsored by the Science and Technology Support Project Funds of Sichuan Province ( Item No. 2013FZ0009 )Educational Reform Project Funds of Sichuan AgriculturalUniversity ( Item No. 2015064 )the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Item No. 51278421)
文摘A new organization and management mechanism with the local government as the main body was created during the post-disaster reconstruction of the "4. 20 " Lushan earthquake,in which the experiences and lessons were drawn from the "5. 12"Wenchuan earthquake. Correspondingly, the local government conducted an exploration of the organization and management mode in the field of planning and construction. The effective experiences have been accumulated, including working out a full coverage planning,taking the leading part in the urban-rural planning,and exercising whole space control over the disaster area. An innovation management mode named as "Five Generals Pattern"was implemented in the construction projects. In view that the rural housing reconstruction was a weak link, a new approach to improving the construction management was investigated,by means of strengthening on-site supervision,establishing a technical platform,and bolstering public participation.
文摘Aba Prefecture Company Name:Sichuan Xintong New Materials Co.Ltd. Address:Shuimo,Wenchuan Nature of Business:Private Project Name:Processing and Sale of Tourism Products Details:Producing and processing of Natural crystal products,man-made gem and other
文摘After the Morakot disaster in 2009, the affected indigenous tribes suffered from the government’s use of permanent housing as a single reconstruction option, which forced the victims to leave their original land for a new life in a different reconstruction mode. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways adopted by tribal residents to maintain their own culture and tribal life in the process of disaster, post disaster reconstruction and post disaster adjustment. Veoveoana Village in Taiwan is an indigenous tribe that relocated after a disaster and was reconstructed and developed through tourism development. This study performed the research by participant observation and in-depth interviews on Veoveoana Village. The analytical results showed that: 1) development of the tourism industry can result in cultural reconstruction of the post-disaster tribe and maintain the people’s incomes;2) although the government constantly assists with the rehabilitation of tribal industry by various policies, the implementation cannot effectively continue and the outcome is insignificant;3) due to the gap between permanent prefabricated housing and original tribal cultural features, the residential rate is not high. According to the research findings, it is suggested that, in the process of post-disaster reconstruction, the government and private non-profit organizations should respect the intention of the majority of the indigenous people. In addition, it should cultivate professional manpower for the subsidized projects.
文摘Since the 1990s,indigenous people in Taiwan,China have engaged in tribal councils for the purpose of integrating the tribal authority and the modern administrative system.The establishment of tribal councils provides a communicative forum for tribal leaders,village,and the association of community development to make decisions of common tribal affairs.When disasters happen,the internal tribal response strategies and external assistance mechanisms might cooperate through either traditional or modern administrative systems.The research focused on how these organizations,while in interim housing,influenced the reconstruction and rehabilitation after disasters.The research's findings suggested that tribal councils,a pre-existing mechanism,seemed to be an appropriate forum for negotiation and decision-making for tribal affairs.
文摘On May 16,2009,the second China Ecological Civilization and Green Competitiveness International Forum was held in Century City Jiaozi International Meeting Center in Chengdu.This forum is co-organized by National Forestry Bureau,Human Resources and Environmental Committee and Chengdu Municipal Government,and held by China Foreign Trade Com-
文摘In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the Gaza Strip has suffered regular cycles of reconstruction due to systematic destruction during Israeli military operations, as in 2006, 2008–2009, 2012, and 2014. In this context of ongoing conflict this article aims to identify, rank, and discuss the most important factors influencing post-disaster reconstruction project management(PDRPM) for housing in the Gaza Strip. A set of key factors that influence PDRPM were assembled as a result of a global literature review. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and the obtained data were analyzed using a relative importance index for each PDRPM factor. Findings are presented in six groups: housing approaches, organizational behavior, project funding, supply chain and logistics, communication and coordination, and PDRPM context. Findings indicate that the most significant factors that influence PDRPM for housing provision in the Gaza Strip are related to issues associated with financial resources. It is critical that sufficient funding should be available in order to allow organizations to undertake housing projects in an effective and efficient way. Joint efforts are required from international donors and local organizations in order to effectively manage financial resources with the ultimate goal of improving PDRPM for housing provision.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3603705(to DX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82302866(to YZ).
文摘After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions,combined with the limitations of current methods.To address these challenges,various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.Notably,neuromodulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance nerve regeneration,provide neuroprotection,restore neurons,and regulate the neural reorganization of circuits within the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract.To improve the effectiveness of these interventions,the implementation of multitarget early interventional neuromodulation strategies,such as electrical and magnetic stimulation,is recommended to enhance functional recovery across different phases of nerve injury.This review concisely outlines the challenges encountered following spinal cord injury,synthesizes existing neurostimulation techniques while emphasizing neuroprotection,repair,and regeneration of impaired connections,and advocates for multi-targeted,task-oriented,and timely interventions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development program(2022YFA1504000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22302101)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(63185015)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324121002007,JCYJ20230807151503007)the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project at Southwest United Graduate School(202402AO370001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M721699)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010347).
文摘During the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),reconstruction of transition metal sulfides(TMSs)is inevitable.However,the lack of a clear theoretical understanding of this process has impeded the development of effective reconstruction regulation strategies.In this study,we first explored the reconstruction mechanism of CoS_(2)during OER from the perspective of electronic structure and identified two possible pathways:the OH-assisted mechanism and the O-assisted mechanism.Further verification showed that these mechanisms are universally applicable to other TMSs(e.g.,FeS_(2)).Based on the reconstruction mechanism,we investigated the basic reasons for the influence of various regulation strategies,such as vacancy modification and facet engineering,on the reconstruction ability.This verified that the method of analyzing the change in the reconstruction ability of catalysts based on the reconstruction mechanism has a high degree of applicability.Importantly,we proposed a core regulation strategy:the coordination symmetry regulation strategy.Specifically,by breaking the symmetry of the surface coordination environment of TMSs(such as introducing heteroatom doping or strain),the reconstruction process will be facilitated.Our findings provide a comprehensive mechanistic explanation for the reconstruction of TMS catalysts and offer a new idea for the rational design of OER catalysts with controllable reconstruction capacity.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.12027901 and 12041202)Synchrotron Radiation Joint Fund of University of Science and Technology of China(Nos.KY2090000059 and KY2090000054)。
文摘There is a contradiction between the evolution rate of materials and the time resolution of SR-CT characterization in the in situ synchrotron radiation computed tomography(SR-CT)characterization of ultrafast evolution process.The sampling strategy of the ultra-sparse angle is an effective method for improving time resolution.Accurate reconstruction under sparse sampling conditions has always been a bottleneck problem.In recent years,convolutional neural networks have shown outstanding advantages in sparse-angle CT reconstruction given the development of deep learning.However,existing ideas did not consider the expression of high-frequency details in neural networks,limiting their application in accurate SR-CT characterization.A novel high-frequency information-constrained deep learning network(HFIC-Net)is proposed in response to this problem.Additional high-frequency information constraints are added to improve the accuracy of the reconstruction results.Further,a series of numerical reconstruction experiments are conducted to verify this new method,and the results indicate that the reconstruction results of HFIC-Net method effectively improve reconstruction quality.This new method uses only eight-angle projections to achieve the reconstruction effect of the filtered backprojection method(FBP)method in 360 projections.The results of the HFIC-Net method demonstrate clear boundaries and accurate detailed structures,correcting the misinformation caused by using other methods.For quantitative evaluation,the SSIM used to evaluate image structure similarity is increased from 0.1951,0.9212,and 0.9308 for FBP,FBP-Conv,and DDC-Net,respectively,to 0.9620 for HFIC-Net.Finally,the results of actual SR-CT experimental data indicate that the new method can suppress artifacts and achieve accurate reconstruction,and it is suitable for the in situ SR-CT accurate characterization of ultxafast evolution process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205044 and 12265003)2024 Jiangxi Province Civil-Military Integration Research Institute‘BeiDou+’Project Subtopic(No.2024JXRH0Y06).
文摘Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-borne gamma-ray spectrum survey plays a crucial role in geological mapping,radioactive mineral exploration,and environmental monitoring.However,raw data are often compromised by flight and instrument background noise,as well as detector resolution limitations,which affect the accuracy of geological interpretations.This study aims to explore the application of the Real-ESRGAN algorithm in the super-resolution reconstruction of UAV-borne gamma-ray spectrum images to enhance spatial resolution and the quality of geological feature visualization.We conducted super-resolution reconstruction experiments with 2×,4×and 6×magnification using the Real-ESRGAN algorithm,comparing the results with three other mainstream algorithms(SRCNN,SRGAN,FSRCNN)to verify the superiority in image quality.The experimental results indicate that Real-ESRGAN achieved a structural similarity index(SSIM)value of 0.950 at 2×magnification,significantly higher than the other algorithms,demonstrating its advantage in detail preservation.Furthermore,Real-ESRGAN effectively reduced ringing and overshoot artifacts,enhancing the clarity of geological structures and mineral deposit sites,thus providing high-quality visual information for geological exploration.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.62373197)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.23KJB120010)+1 种基金the Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BY20251038)the Cultivation and In-cubation Project of the College of Automation,Nanjing Uni-versity of Posts and Telecommunications.
文摘Multilayer complex dynamical networks,characterized by the intricate topological connections and diverse hierarchical structures,present significant challenges in determining complete structural configurations due to the unique functional attributes and interaction patterns inherent to different layers.This paper addresses the critical question of whether structural information from a known layer can be used to reconstruct the unknown intralayer structure of a target layer within general weighted output-coupling multilayer networks.Building upon the generalized synchronization principle,we propose an innovative reconstruction method that incorporates two essential components in the design of structure observers,the cross-layer coupling modulator and the structural divergence term.A key advantage of the proposed reconstruction method lies in its flexibility to freely designate both the unknown target layer and the known reference layer from the general weighted output-coupling multilayer network.The reduced dependency on full-state observability enables more deployment in engineering applications with partial measurements.Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed structure reconstruction method.
文摘Background 3D botanical tree reconstruction from a single image plays a vital role in the field of computer graphics.However,accurately capturing the intricate branching patterns and detailed morphologies of trees remains a challenge.Methods In this study,we proposed a novel approach for single-image tree reconstruction using a conditional generative adversarial network to infer the 3D skeleton of a tree in the form of a 2D skeleton depth map.Based on the 2D skeleton depth map,a corresponding branching structure(3D skeleton)that inherits the tree shape in the input image and leaves can be generated using a procedural modeling technique.Result Experimental results show that the proposed method accurately reconstructs diverse tree structures across species.Both quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrate improved skeleton completeness,branching accuracy,and visual realism over baseline methods,while requiring no user input.Conclusions Our proposed approach for generating lifelike 3D tree models from a single image with no user input shows its proficiency in achieving efficient and reliable reconstruction.These results showcase the capability of the proposed model to recreate complex tree architectures while capturing their visual authenticity.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52574047 and Grant No.52374045)Key Project of Sichuan Provincial Joint Fund for Science Technology and Education,China(Grant No.2025NSFSC2008).
文摘Fracability is a critical indicator for evaluating the exploration and development potential of coalbed methane reservoirs and assessing the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation operations.Its core function is to characterize the complexity of the induced fracture network and the resulting effective stimulated volume.In this study,we quantified fracture area and geometric complexity using true triaxial fracturing experiments and computed tomography three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology,combined with the box-counting method to calculate the 3D fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces.The results revealed that the total fracture surface area per unit volume of the stimulated reservoir effectively characterized reservoir fracability;specifically,both a larger total fracture surface area and a higher fractal dimension corresponded to better reservoir fracability.Fracture complexity was enhanced by a decrease in the horizontal principal stress difference or an increase in the injection rate.Under optimal conditions of a 3 MPa stress difference and an injection rate of 60 mL/min,fracability improved by 27.6%.Furthermore,liquid carbon dioxide(CO_(2))improved fracability by 50.7%compared to using water as the fracturing fluid,a result attributed to its low viscosity and strong diffusion capacity,which activated a greater number of natural fractures.A fracability evaluation model integrating brittleness,fracture toughness,and dimensionless net pressure was developed using regression analysis,which demonstrated high reliability with a strong determination coefficient(R^(2))of 0.9019.This study clarifies the logical relationships among fracture area,complexity,and fractal dimension,providing a novel method for evaluating the fracability of coal reservoirs.
基金Supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171018,No.82371022)Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan(No.DFL20240202)+2 种基金The Youth Beijing Scholars Program(No.022)High Level Public Health Technical Talents Construction Project from Beijing(Jie Y)Beijing Municipal Public Welfare Development and Reform Pilot Project for Medical Research Institutes(No.2023YFC2410401).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of decellularized conjunctival stroma(DCS)as a novel biomaterial by comparing its grafting outcomes with amniotic membrane(AM)when used for conjunctival reconstruction after primary pterygium excision.METHODS:This randomized,parallel-controlled study with allocation concealment enrolled 40 patients with primary pterygium.Participants were randomly assigned to two groups using the sealed envelope method:the DCS group(n=20)and the AM group(n=18),receiving DCS and AM grafts respectively.Slit-lamp photography of the operative eyes was performed preoperatively and at 1,3,5,7,10,30,90,and 180d postoperatively.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and symptom scores were recorded simultaneously.In vivo confocal microscopy was conducted at 3 and 6mo postoperatively.RESULTS:All participants exhibited improved postoperative symptoms.The mean age was 60±9y(male/female ratio:6/14)in the DCS group and 56±12y(male/female ratio:7/11)in the AM group.The average epithelial healing time was 9.89±3.54d in the DCS group and 8.17±1.34d in the AM group(P=0.084).One recurrence case was observed in each group.Postoperative graft hemorrhage was significantly more severe in the DCS group than in the AM group only at 30d postoperatively(P=0.011).In vivo confocal microscopy revealed conjunctival epithelial cell growth in both groups at 90d postoperatively,while clear corneo-conjunctival cell boundaries were observed until 180d postoperatively.CONCLUSION:DCS used in primary pterygium surgery has a safety profile comparable to AM.It promotes rapid postoperative conjunctival healing,achieves a relatively low pterygium recurrence rate,and yields outcomes similar to AM.DCS provides a novel biomaterial option for conjunctival reconstruction after pterygium excision and the treatment of other conjunctival injuries.
文摘Background:Penile augmentation through injectable substances is becoming increasingly common.A growing number of aesthetic clinics are developing penile enlargement procedures using various injectable materials.Although these procedures are now performed in more controlled and medically supervised environments,their long-term outcomes remain poorly understood.The promotion of such medical treatments contributes to an increasing interest among adult males in self-injection as a method to alleviate psychological distress associated with penile size concerns.At the same time,access to injectable substances through unofficial or unregulated sources has become increasingly easy.Tor our knowledge,we report the first documented case of self-injection with Garamycin®(gentamicin)cream,contributing to the literature on the often multidisciplinary management of penile enlargement injections,a field still lacking well-established guidelines.Case Description:This case report describes a young patient who self-injected Garamycin®into the penis for the purpose of enlargement.He presented to our urology department with worsening symptoms,including severe and poorly tolerated pain.His primary request was prompt relief of pain while preserving,as much as possible,the aesthetic appearance and functional integrity of his penis.This case required a multi-stage surgical approach to salvage the penis and preserve both its structural integrity and functional outcome.Conclusions:To our knowledge,this case report documents the first reported instance of Garamycin®injection performed for the purpose of penile enlargement.It provides insight into the clinical course of such penile cream injections,demonstrates that a two-stage scrotal flap can achieve both functional and aesthetic outcomes,and highlights the importance of comprehensive management particularly addressing the traumatic impact of penile deformity secondary to inflammation and/or infection,as well as the body dysmorphic concerns often associated with these cases.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(242102241055)the Industry-University-Research Collaborative Innovation Base on Automobile Lightweight of“Science and Technology Innovation in Central Plains”(2024KCZY315)the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis,Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment(GZ2024A03-ZZU).
文摘The moving morphable component(MMC)topology optimization method,as a typical explicit topology optimization method,has been widely concerned.In the MMC topology optimization framework,the surrogate material model is mainly used for finite element analysis at present,and the effectiveness of the surrogate material model has been fully confirmed.However,there are some accuracy problems when dealing with boundary elements using the surrogate material model,which will affect the topology optimization results.In this study,a boundary element reconstruction(BER)model is proposed based on the surrogate material model under the MMC topology optimization framework to improve the accuracy of topology optimization.The proposed BER model can reconstruct the boundary elements by refining the local meshes and obtaining new nodes in boundary elements.Then the density of boundary elements is recalculated using the new node information,which is more accurate than the original model.Based on the new density of boundary elements,the material properties and volume information of the boundary elements are updated.Compared with other finite element analysis methods,the BER model is simple and feasible and can improve computational accuracy.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by comparing it with the optimization results of the original surrogate material model through several numerical examples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22409065)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515011906)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731153)the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technologythe Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230868).
文摘The application of conventional manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))materials in sodium-ion supercapacitors(Na-SCs)is considerably limited by their low conductivity and structural instability.Biomimetic morphology engineering can optimize the electrochemical performance of MnO_(2).Here,based on the metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)-derived method and electrochemical reconstruction,a coral-like MnO_(2)structure integrated with a functional nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)coating is designed for Na-SC application.The bioinspired coral-like structure captures numerous electrolyte ions and increases the Na+concentration on the electrode surface,which is beneficial for optimizing the Na+transport pathway and accelerating the electrode reaction kinetics.Moreover,the coral-like crosslinked structure effectively enhances the mechanical properties,enabling the maintenance of the structure of MnO_(2)-based electrodes during long-term operation.Furthermore,in/ex-situ characterizations are performed to elucidate the mechanism of lattice transformation during electrochemical phase reconstruction.Additionally,the theoretical calculation and simulation results reveal the ion/electron dynamics in the fabricated electrode.The prepared electrode demonstrates excellent capacitance storage ability(340.7 F g^(−1)at 0.5 A g^(−1))and cycling stability(85.1%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).The assembled hybrid device exhibits exceptional life-span(82.0%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles)and exceptional energy density(36.5 Wh kg^(−1)).This study provides a reliable biomimetic morphology design strategy for MnO_(2)cathodes,paving the way for the fabrication of high-performance Na-SCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62573019)。
文摘Radiance field-based 3D reconstruction has emerged as a transformative research direction due to its remarkable efficiency and quality.This paper presents a systematic analysis of representation models,reconstruction methodologies,and future applications in this field.We start from an overview of multi-view 3D reconstruction tasks,then focus on the key issue:how to represent 3D content effectively.Radiance fields are highlighted for their flexibility and representational completeness.Distinguished from the existing review literature,we adopt a multi-dimensional comparison between neural radiance fields(Ne RF)and 3D Gaussian splatting(3DGS)to develop a unified and in-depth understanding of the radiance field-based approach.Beyond the initial goal of novel view synthesis(NVS),recent breakthroughs in geometry extraction are summarized.Finally,we explore potential applications across areas such as robot localization and mapping,virtual reality,physical simulation,and stereo display.Empowered by the flexible 3D representation within the radiance field-based paradigm,the latest advancements strive to push the boundaries and overcome long-standing bottlenecks in related domains.
文摘Background:Medical imaging advancements are constrained by fundamental trade-offs between acquisition speed,radiation dose,and image quality,forcing clinicians to work with noisy,incomplete data.Existing reconstruction methods either compromise on accuracy with iterative algorithms or suffer from limited generalizability with task-specific deep learning approaches.Methods:We present LDM-PIR,a lightweight physics-conditioned diffusion multi-model for medical image reconstruction that addresses key challenges in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),CT,and low-photon imaging.Unlike traditional iterative methods,which are computationally expensive,or task-specific deep learning approaches lacking generalizability,integrates three innovations.A physics-conditioned diffusion framework that embeds acquisition operators(Fourier/Radon transforms)and noise models directly into the reconstruction process.A multi-model architecture that unifies denoising,inpainting,and super-resolution via shared weight conditioning.A lightweight design(2.1M parameters)enabling rapid inference(0.8s/image on GPU).Through self-supervised fine-tuning with measurement consistency losses adapts to new imaging modalities using fewer annotated samples.Results:Achieves state-of-the-art performance on fastMRI(peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR):34.04 for single-coil/31.50 for multi-coil)and Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative(28.83 PSNR under Poisson noise).Clinical evaluations demonstrate superior preservation of anatomical structures,with SSIM improvements of 8.8%for single-coil and 4.36%for multi-coil MRI over uDPIR.Conclusion:It offers a flexible,efficient,and scalable solution for medical image reconstruction,addressing the challenges of noise,undersampling,and modality generalization.The model’s lightweight design allows for rapid inference,while its self-supervised fine-tuning capability minimizes reliance on large annotated datasets,making it suitable for real-world clinical applications.
文摘[Significance]In alignment with the national germplasm security strategy,current research efforts are accelerating the adoption of precision breeding in sheep.Within the whole-genome selection,accurate phenotyping of body morphometrics is critical for assessing growth performance and breeding value.Traditional manual measurements are inefficient,prone to human error,and may cause stress to sheep,limiting their suitability for precision sheep management.By summarizing the applications of sheep body size measurement technologies and analyzing their development directions,this paper provides theoretical references and practical guidance for the research and application of non contact sheep body size measurement.[Progress]This review synthesizes progress across three principal methodological paradigms:two-dimensional(2D)image-based techniques,three-dimensional(3D)point cloud-based approaches,and integrated 2D-3D fusion systems.2D methods,employing either handcrafted geometric features or deep learning-based keypoint detector algorithms,are cost-effective and operationally simple but sensitive to variation in imaging conditions and unable to capture critical circumference metrics.3D point-cloud approaches enable precise reconstruction of full animal morphology,supporting comprehensive body-size acquisition with higher accuracy,yet face challenges including high hardware costs,complex data workflows,and sensitivity to posture variability.Hybrid 2D-3D fusion systems combine semantic richness from RGB imagery with geometric completeness from point clouds.Having been effectively validated in other livestock specise,e.g.,cattle and pigs,these fusion systems have demonstrated excellent performance,providing important technical references and practical insights for sheep body size measurement.[Conclusions and Prospects]Firstly,future research should focus on constructing large-scale,high-quality datasets for sheep body size measurement that encompass diverse breeds,growth stages,and environmental conditions,thereby enhancing model robustness and generalization.Secondly,the development of lightweight artificial intelligence models is essential.Techniques such as model compression,quantization,and algorithmic optimization can substantially reduce computational complexity and storage requirements,facilitating deployment in resource-constrained environments.Thirdly,the 3D point cloud processing pipeline should be streamlined to improve the efficiency of data acquisition,filtering,registration,and segmentation,while promoting the integration of low-cost,high-resilience vision systems into practical farming scenarios.Fourthly,specific emphasis should be placed on improving the accuracy of curved-dimensional measurements,such as chest circumference,abdominal circumference,and shank circumference,through advances in pose standardization,refined 3D segmentation strategies,and multimodal data fusion.Finally,the cross-fertilization of sheep body size measurement technologies with analogous methods for other livestock species offers a promising pathway for mutual learning and collaborative innovation,accelerating the industrialization of automated sheep morphometric systems and supporting the development of intelligent,data-driven pasture management practices.
