Irrigation methods and nitrogen(N) fertilization modes have complicated impacts on wheat physiology, growth, and development, leading to the regulation of wheat grain yield and quality. However, the optimal water-N co...Irrigation methods and nitrogen(N) fertilization modes have complicated impacts on wheat physiology, growth, and development, leading to the regulation of wheat grain yield and quality. However, the optimal water-N combination for drip-irrigated winter wheat remains unclear. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the influences of various N-fertigation and water regimes on wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation, yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality. The two irrigation quotas were I_(45)(irrigation when crop evapotranspiration reduced by effective rainfall(ETa-P) reaches 45 mm) and I_(30)(irrigation when ETa-P reaches 30 mm), while the six N application rates were N_(0–100)(100% at jointing/booting), N_(25–75)(25% at sowing and 75% at jointing/booting), N_(50–50)(50% at sowing and 50% at jointing/booting), N_(75–25)(75% at sowing and 25% at jointing/booting), N_(100–0)(100% at sowing), and SRF100(100% of slow-release fertilizer at sowing). The experimental findings showed that post-anthesis grain weight variation, grain yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality were all markedly influenced by the various irrigation schedules and N-fertilization modes. The N_(50–50)treatment was more beneficial for winter wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation than the N_(100–0)and N_(0–100)treatments under the two irrigation quotas and during the two seasons. The highest grain yields of 9.72 and9.94(t ha^(-1)) were obtained with the I_(45)N_(50–50)treatment in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively. The grain crudeprotein was higher in the I_(45)SRF100treatment during the two seasons. The I_(45)N_(100–0)combination significantly(P<0.05)enhanced the content of grain total starch by 7.30 and 8.23% compared with the I_(45)N_(0–100)and I_(30)N_(0–100)treatments,respectively, during the 2021–2021 season. The I_(45)N_(100–0)treatment significantly(P<0.05) enhanced the content ofgrain total starch concentration by 7.77, 7.62 and 7.88% compared with the I_(45)N_(0–100), I_(30)N_(0–100), and I_(30)N_(25–75)treatments,respectively, in the 2021–2022 season. The principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that the N_(50–50)splitN-fertigation mode could be the optimal choice for farmers during winter wheat production via drip irrigation.展开更多
Drought stress at the reproductive stage causes severe damage to productivity of wheat. However, little is known about the metabolites associated with drought tolerance. The objectives of this study were to elucidate ...Drought stress at the reproductive stage causes severe damage to productivity of wheat. However, little is known about the metabolites associated with drought tolerance. The objectives of this study were to elucidate changes in metabolite levels in wheat under drought, and to identify potential metabolites associated with drought stress through untargeted metabolomic profiling using a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS)-based technique called Isotopic Ratio Outlier Analysis. Metabolomic analysis was performed on flag leaves of drought-stressed and control (well-watered) plants after 18 days of post-anthesis drought stress at three-hour intervals over a 24-hour period. Out of 723 peaks detected in leaves, 221 were identified as known metabolites. Sixty known metabolites were identified as important metabolites by 3 different methods, PLS-DA, RF and SAM. The most pronounced accumulation due to drought stress was demonstrated by tryptophan, proline, pipecolate and linamarin, whereas the most pronounced decrease was demonstrated by serine, trehalose, N-acetyl-glutamic acid, DIBOA-glucoside etc. Three different patterns of metabolite accumulation were observed over 24-hour period. The increased accumulated metabolites remained higher during all 8 time points in drought stressed leaves. On the contrary, metabolites that showed decreased level remained significantly lower during all or the most time points. However, the levels of some decreased metabolites were lower during the day, but higher during night in drought stressed leaves. Both univariate and multivariate analyses predicted that N-acetyl-glutamic acid, proline, pipecolate, linamarin, tryptophan, and DIBOA-glucoside could be potential metabolite biomarkers, and their levels could serve as indicators of drought tolerance in wheat.展开更多
Post-anthesis photoassimilation is very important for wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） grain filling. The aim of the present study was to map quantitative trait loci （QTL） for post-anthesis dry matter accumulation （...Post-anthesis photoassimilation is very important for wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） grain filling. The aim of the present study was to map quantitative trait loci （QTL） for post-anthesis dry matter accumulation （DMA）. A set of 120 doubled haploid （DH） lines, derived from winter wheat varieties Hanxuan 10 and Lumai 14, was grown under field conditions in two consecutive growing seasons during 2002-2004 in Beijing. Post-anthesis DMA per culm and related traits, including flag leaf greenness （FLG） and flag leaf weight （FLW; dry weight per flag leaf） at flowering, and grain weight per ear （GWE） were investigated. All traits segregated continuously in the DH population in both trials. The DMA was significantly and positively correlated with GWE, with the correlation coefficients being 0.79 and 0.66 in the 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 growing seasons （both P〈0.01）, suggesting the importance of DMA in grain filling. Further correlation analysis showed that FLW was more closely correlated with DMA and GWE than FLG in both growing seasons, indicating that FLW was more important than FLG in influencing DMA and GWE. In total, 30 QTLs for these four traits were mapped and distributed on 10 chromosomes. Phenotypic variations explained by an individual QTL were in the range 5.8%-21.3%, 5.9%-17.2%, 5.1%-18.1%, and 5.6%-16.2% for FLG, FLW, DMA, and GWE, respectively. Eight QTLs for DMA were detected, of which four （on chromosome arms 2AS, 4BL, 5AS, and 7AS） were linked with QTLs for GWE; two （on chromosome arms 5BL and 7BL） coincided with QTLs for FLW. These results may provide useful information for developing marker-assisted selection for the improvement of DMA.展开更多
Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)could play important roles in zinc(Zn)uptake in host plants,the effects of AMF on Zn uptake and transport in winter wheat during the whole growth stages remain unclear.A pot e...Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)could play important roles in zinc(Zn)uptake in host plants,the effects of AMF on Zn uptake and transport in winter wheat during the whole growth stages remain unclear.A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Funneliformis mosseae(Fm)and Claroideoglomus etunicatum(Ce)on Zn absorption,transport,and accumulation in winter wheat growing in soils spiked with different Zn levels(0,2.5,and 25 mg kg^(-1)).The results showed that there was a significant correlation between mycorrhizal colonization rate and Zn absorption efficiency in winter wheat roots during the post-anthesis period,but there was no significant correlation during the pre-anthesis period.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased Zn concentrations(0.56–1.58 times)in wheat grains under 0 mg kg^(-1)Zn level,but decreased Zn concentrations in wheat grains under 25 mg kg^(-1)Zn level.Additionally,at the filling and maturity stages,AMF increased Zn absorption rate and the contribution of root Zn uptake to grain Zn by 3–14 and 0.36–0.64 times,respectively,under 0 mg kg^(-1)Zn level and 0.21–1.02 and 0.27–0.37 times,respectively,under 2.5 mg kg^(-1)Zn level.However,AMF decreased root Zn absorption rate(0.32–0.61 times)and increased the contribution of Zn remobilization in vegetative tissues to grain Zn(1.69–2.01 times)under 25 mg kg^(-1)Zn level.This study would complement the mechanisms and effects of AMF on Zn absorption and transport in winter wheat and provide a potential method for the application of AMF to enrich wheat grain Zn.展开更多
A field experiment was conducted to elucidate the regulation mechanism of different irrigation schedules on population photosynthetic of winter wheat. The experiment included five irrigation schedules, such as no irri...A field experiment was conducted to elucidate the regulation mechanism of different irrigation schedules on population photosynthetic of winter wheat. The experiment included five irrigation schedules, such as no irrigation （W0）, irrigation once at jointing （W1j） or at booting （W1b）, irrigation twice at jointing and booting （W2）, and irrigation three times at jointing, booting and grain-filling （W3） and three planting densities, such as 180 （D1）, 300 （D2） and 450 （D3） seedlings per square meter. The results indicated that irrigation significantly improved population photosynthesis. The relationship between population photosynthesis and irrigation time/volume was to some extent parabolic. Improvements in population photosynthesis （resulting from more irrigation time/volume） were mainly related to increase in leaf area index and population light interception. Population photosynthesis exhibited a significantly negative correlation with canopy light transmittance. Population photosynthesis at grain filling stage was significantly positively correlated with dry matter accumulation at post-anthesis and grain yield. Main effects and partial correlation analysis showed that population photosynthesis of W0, W1j, W1b and W3 were regulated by canopy light transmittance and leaf area. On the other hand, population photosynthesis of W2 was mainly influenced by flag leaf photosynthetic rate. On this basis, planting 300 seedlings per square meter was the optimum combination. The combination of W2D2 increased population photosynthesis during mid-late growth stages and extended high population photosynthesis duration, which ultimately increased grain yield.展开更多
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-03-19)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51879267)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Irrigation methods and nitrogen(N) fertilization modes have complicated impacts on wheat physiology, growth, and development, leading to the regulation of wheat grain yield and quality. However, the optimal water-N combination for drip-irrigated winter wheat remains unclear. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the influences of various N-fertigation and water regimes on wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation, yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality. The two irrigation quotas were I_(45)(irrigation when crop evapotranspiration reduced by effective rainfall(ETa-P) reaches 45 mm) and I_(30)(irrigation when ETa-P reaches 30 mm), while the six N application rates were N_(0–100)(100% at jointing/booting), N_(25–75)(25% at sowing and 75% at jointing/booting), N_(50–50)(50% at sowing and 50% at jointing/booting), N_(75–25)(75% at sowing and 25% at jointing/booting), N_(100–0)(100% at sowing), and SRF100(100% of slow-release fertilizer at sowing). The experimental findings showed that post-anthesis grain weight variation, grain yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality were all markedly influenced by the various irrigation schedules and N-fertilization modes. The N_(50–50)treatment was more beneficial for winter wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation than the N_(100–0)and N_(0–100)treatments under the two irrigation quotas and during the two seasons. The highest grain yields of 9.72 and9.94(t ha^(-1)) were obtained with the I_(45)N_(50–50)treatment in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively. The grain crudeprotein was higher in the I_(45)SRF100treatment during the two seasons. The I_(45)N_(100–0)combination significantly(P<0.05)enhanced the content of grain total starch by 7.30 and 8.23% compared with the I_(45)N_(0–100)and I_(30)N_(0–100)treatments,respectively, during the 2021–2021 season. The I_(45)N_(100–0)treatment significantly(P<0.05) enhanced the content ofgrain total starch concentration by 7.77, 7.62 and 7.88% compared with the I_(45)N_(0–100), I_(30)N_(0–100), and I_(30)N_(25–75)treatments,respectively, in the 2021–2022 season. The principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that the N_(50–50)splitN-fertigation mode could be the optimal choice for farmers during winter wheat production via drip irrigation.
文摘Drought stress at the reproductive stage causes severe damage to productivity of wheat. However, little is known about the metabolites associated with drought tolerance. The objectives of this study were to elucidate changes in metabolite levels in wheat under drought, and to identify potential metabolites associated with drought stress through untargeted metabolomic profiling using a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS)-based technique called Isotopic Ratio Outlier Analysis. Metabolomic analysis was performed on flag leaves of drought-stressed and control (well-watered) plants after 18 days of post-anthesis drought stress at three-hour intervals over a 24-hour period. Out of 723 peaks detected in leaves, 221 were identified as known metabolites. Sixty known metabolites were identified as important metabolites by 3 different methods, PLS-DA, RF and SAM. The most pronounced accumulation due to drought stress was demonstrated by tryptophan, proline, pipecolate and linamarin, whereas the most pronounced decrease was demonstrated by serine, trehalose, N-acetyl-glutamic acid, DIBOA-glucoside etc. Three different patterns of metabolite accumulation were observed over 24-hour period. The increased accumulated metabolites remained higher during all 8 time points in drought stressed leaves. On the contrary, metabolites that showed decreased level remained significantly lower during all or the most time points. However, the levels of some decreased metabolites were lower during the day, but higher during night in drought stressed leaves. Both univariate and multivariate analyses predicted that N-acetyl-glutamic acid, proline, pipecolate, linamarin, tryptophan, and DIBOA-glucoside could be potential metabolite biomarkers, and their levels could serve as indicators of drought tolerance in wheat.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30330390 and 30390083)the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China(2004CB117200)+2 种基金the Hi-Tech Re- search and Development(863) Program of China(2003AA207080)the Special Project for Adjusting Agricultural Production Structure from the Ministry of Agriculture of China(05-02-01A)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-SW-304)
文摘Post-anthesis photoassimilation is very important for wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） grain filling. The aim of the present study was to map quantitative trait loci （QTL） for post-anthesis dry matter accumulation （DMA）. A set of 120 doubled haploid （DH） lines, derived from winter wheat varieties Hanxuan 10 and Lumai 14, was grown under field conditions in two consecutive growing seasons during 2002-2004 in Beijing. Post-anthesis DMA per culm and related traits, including flag leaf greenness （FLG） and flag leaf weight （FLW; dry weight per flag leaf） at flowering, and grain weight per ear （GWE） were investigated. All traits segregated continuously in the DH population in both trials. The DMA was significantly and positively correlated with GWE, with the correlation coefficients being 0.79 and 0.66 in the 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 growing seasons （both P〈0.01）, suggesting the importance of DMA in grain filling. Further correlation analysis showed that FLW was more closely correlated with DMA and GWE than FLG in both growing seasons, indicating that FLW was more important than FLG in influencing DMA and GWE. In total, 30 QTLs for these four traits were mapped and distributed on 10 chromosomes. Phenotypic variations explained by an individual QTL were in the range 5.8%-21.3%, 5.9%-17.2%, 5.1%-18.1%, and 5.6%-16.2% for FLG, FLW, DMA, and GWE, respectively. Eight QTLs for DMA were detected, of which four （on chromosome arms 2AS, 4BL, 5AS, and 7AS） were linked with QTLs for GWE; two （on chromosome arms 5BL and 7BL） coincided with QTLs for FLW. These results may provide useful information for developing marker-assisted selection for the improvement of DMA.
基金The financial support from the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2023-JC-ZD17)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077345 and 41571456)the Project of Innovative Experimental Plan for College Students of Northwest A&F University,China(No.202310712128)。
文摘Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)could play important roles in zinc(Zn)uptake in host plants,the effects of AMF on Zn uptake and transport in winter wheat during the whole growth stages remain unclear.A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Funneliformis mosseae(Fm)and Claroideoglomus etunicatum(Ce)on Zn absorption,transport,and accumulation in winter wheat growing in soils spiked with different Zn levels(0,2.5,and 25 mg kg^(-1)).The results showed that there was a significant correlation between mycorrhizal colonization rate and Zn absorption efficiency in winter wheat roots during the post-anthesis period,but there was no significant correlation during the pre-anthesis period.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased Zn concentrations(0.56–1.58 times)in wheat grains under 0 mg kg^(-1)Zn level,but decreased Zn concentrations in wheat grains under 25 mg kg^(-1)Zn level.Additionally,at the filling and maturity stages,AMF increased Zn absorption rate and the contribution of root Zn uptake to grain Zn by 3–14 and 0.36–0.64 times,respectively,under 0 mg kg^(-1)Zn level and 0.21–1.02 and 0.27–0.37 times,respectively,under 2.5 mg kg^(-1)Zn level.However,AMF decreased root Zn absorption rate(0.32–0.61 times)and increased the contribution of Zn remobilization in vegetative tissues to grain Zn(1.69–2.01 times)under 25 mg kg^(-1)Zn level.This study would complement the mechanisms and effects of AMF on Zn absorption and transport in winter wheat and provide a potential method for the application of AMF to enrich wheat grain Zn.
基金Supported by China and CAS Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation (KSCX2-EW-B-1)China and CAS Knowledge Innovation Project(KSCX1-YW-09-06)
文摘A field experiment was conducted to elucidate the regulation mechanism of different irrigation schedules on population photosynthetic of winter wheat. The experiment included five irrigation schedules, such as no irrigation （W0）, irrigation once at jointing （W1j） or at booting （W1b）, irrigation twice at jointing and booting （W2）, and irrigation three times at jointing, booting and grain-filling （W3） and three planting densities, such as 180 （D1）, 300 （D2） and 450 （D3） seedlings per square meter. The results indicated that irrigation significantly improved population photosynthesis. The relationship between population photosynthesis and irrigation time/volume was to some extent parabolic. Improvements in population photosynthesis （resulting from more irrigation time/volume） were mainly related to increase in leaf area index and population light interception. Population photosynthesis exhibited a significantly negative correlation with canopy light transmittance. Population photosynthesis at grain filling stage was significantly positively correlated with dry matter accumulation at post-anthesis and grain yield. Main effects and partial correlation analysis showed that population photosynthesis of W0, W1j, W1b and W3 were regulated by canopy light transmittance and leaf area. On the other hand, population photosynthesis of W2 was mainly influenced by flag leaf photosynthetic rate. On this basis, planting 300 seedlings per square meter was the optimum combination. The combination of W2D2 increased population photosynthesis during mid-late growth stages and extended high population photosynthesis duration, which ultimately increased grain yield.
