<strong>Background and Aims:</strong> The diagnosis of pediatric cancer is a potentially traumatic event and a major source of psychological distress for parents. The aim of our study was to determine the ...<strong>Background and Aims:</strong> The diagnosis of pediatric cancer is a potentially traumatic event and a major source of psychological distress for parents. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors of psychological distress among parents of children diagnosed with cancer. <strong>Methods:</strong> This is a descriptive study carried out on parents of children diagnosed with cancer and treated in the department of medical oncology at the Habib Bourguiba Hospital in Tunisia. Over a period of four months, from the beginning of December 2020 until the end of March 2021, forty-three parents (34 mothers and 9 fathers) were assessed, using psychometric scales of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress according to respectively to the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Impact of Event Scale (IES-R). <strong>Results:</strong> Sixteen percent of the parents had scores indicating acute stress and 21% had scores indicating post-traumatic stress. Eighty six percent of the parents had mild to severe depression and 95% had minor to major anxiety. Post-traumatic stress and anxiety are significantly correlated with the female sex of parents. Significant correlations are also found between post-traumatic stress scores and symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, our study did not show a significant correlation between the others factors studied and the parents’ psychological distress. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders was high among parents of children diagnosed with cancer and a significant correlation was found between stress and anxiety with the female sex of parents. Our results were similar to several studies although other risk factors for psychological distress in parents of children with cancer were described in the literature.展开更多
Background Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is a significant health concern among adolescents and young adults,often resulting from adverse childhood experiences(ACEs).Dissociation,post-traumatic symptoms and attachment ...Background Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is a significant health concern among adolescents and young adults,often resulting from adverse childhood experiences(ACEs).Dissociation,post-traumatic symptoms and attachment style may have a role in shaping such associations.Aims This study aims to provide a unified model of the impact of ACEs on NSSI,exploring complex post-traumatic stress disorder(cPTSD)symptoms and dissociation as potential mediators and the role of the predominant attachment style in affecting such associations.Methods 1010 young individuals attending the last year of high school participated in this cross-sectional study.ACEs,cPTSD,dissociation and NSSI were evaluated using self-report questionnaires.We fitted a path model of NSSI,with ACEs as exogenous variables and cPTSD and dissociation as sequential mediators.Secure,fearful and preoccupied attachment styles were modelled as grouping variables.Results Our findings showed that dissociation mediated the impact of ACEs on NSSI in subjects with a fearful attachment style,as opposed to those with a preoccupied attachment for whom cPTSD symptoms mediated the ACEs-NSSI association.Conclusions Attachment styles moderate the relationship between ACEs and NSSI,with either dissociation or post-traumatic symptomatology mediating the impact of ACEs on NSSI,depending on the predominant attachment style.Our results highlight the importance of attachment as a pathway modifier in the relationships between different psychopathology dimensions,providing a useful framework to better conceptualise the ACEs-NSSI association.展开更多
BACKGROUND Military personnel frequently face unique psychological challenges due to highstress environments,which increase the risk of mental health issues like anxiety and depression.Acceptance and commitment therap...BACKGROUND Military personnel frequently face unique psychological challenges due to highstress environments,which increase the risk of mental health issues like anxiety and depression.Acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT)has shown potential in addressing these issues by enhancing psychological flexibility and resilience.AIM To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of ACT in improving the mental health of military personnel.Through a scoping review and meta-analysis,we quantitatively assess the impact of ACT on psychological outcomes,guiding future research and clinical practice.METHODS Relevant literature was searched systematically from database inception to June 30,2023,across multiple databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Embase.The Joanna Briggs Institute's(JBI)scoping review guidelines were used as the methodological framework.Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model,and publication bias was assessed through Egger's regression test and Begg's funnel plot.RESULTS Twenty-six studies were included,highlighting the application of ACT in addressing PTSD,chronic pain,anxiety,and depression among military personnel.The meta-analysis of eight studies demonstrated a significant positive effect of ACT on mental health,with a pooled mean difference of-4.99(95%CI:-6.53 to-3.45).Despite high heterogeneity(I^(2)=63%),sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings.CONCLUSION This study underscores the potential of ACT as an effective intervention for improving the mental health of military personnel.Future research should focus on large-scale,multi-center RCTs to further validate these findings,particularly within diverse military populations.展开更多
Few studies have been conducted on the incidence and factors which contribute to road traffic collisions in Trinidad. In order to fill this gap in knowledge, we conducted knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) study ...Few studies have been conducted on the incidence and factors which contribute to road traffic collisions in Trinidad. In order to fill this gap in knowledge, we conducted knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) study among drivers to determine which factors contributed to these accidents. A questionnaire was developed and administered using a cross-sectional approach among 3000 persons living in 5 different areas of Trinidad. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 22, t-test and multivariate analysis. Of the 2998 respondents, at least 572 (19.1%) had been involved in one or more road collisions. While only 46.7% of respondents always wore seat belts, approximately 93% believed strongly that their use was essential for safety—a 3-fold increase in that found in a previous study. The multiple regression analysis indicated that attitude and age were significantly associated with accidents and increased risk for accidents. The results showed that alcohol consumption, use of mobile phones while driving, speed, and age were significantly (p > 0.001) associated with accidents. In conclusion, most respondents were aware of traffic laws and regulations, but their knowledge and practice often diverged. However the improvement in attitude to seat-belt wearing suggests that a holistic driver education program may improve driver practice and adherence to the road traffic regulations in Trinidad.展开更多
文摘<strong>Background and Aims:</strong> The diagnosis of pediatric cancer is a potentially traumatic event and a major source of psychological distress for parents. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors of psychological distress among parents of children diagnosed with cancer. <strong>Methods:</strong> This is a descriptive study carried out on parents of children diagnosed with cancer and treated in the department of medical oncology at the Habib Bourguiba Hospital in Tunisia. Over a period of four months, from the beginning of December 2020 until the end of March 2021, forty-three parents (34 mothers and 9 fathers) were assessed, using psychometric scales of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress according to respectively to the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Impact of Event Scale (IES-R). <strong>Results:</strong> Sixteen percent of the parents had scores indicating acute stress and 21% had scores indicating post-traumatic stress. Eighty six percent of the parents had mild to severe depression and 95% had minor to major anxiety. Post-traumatic stress and anxiety are significantly correlated with the female sex of parents. Significant correlations are also found between post-traumatic stress scores and symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, our study did not show a significant correlation between the others factors studied and the parents’ psychological distress. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders was high among parents of children diagnosed with cancer and a significant correlation was found between stress and anxiety with the female sex of parents. Our results were similar to several studies although other risk factors for psychological distress in parents of children with cancer were described in the literature.
基金supported by #NEXTGENERATIONEU(NGEU)and funded by the Ministry of University and Research(MUR),National Recovery and Resilience Plan(NRRP),project MNESYS(PE0000006)-(DN.155311.10.2022)supported by Sapienza Grant 2021(RM12117A60BDF685).
文摘Background Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is a significant health concern among adolescents and young adults,often resulting from adverse childhood experiences(ACEs).Dissociation,post-traumatic symptoms and attachment style may have a role in shaping such associations.Aims This study aims to provide a unified model of the impact of ACEs on NSSI,exploring complex post-traumatic stress disorder(cPTSD)symptoms and dissociation as potential mediators and the role of the predominant attachment style in affecting such associations.Methods 1010 young individuals attending the last year of high school participated in this cross-sectional study.ACEs,cPTSD,dissociation and NSSI were evaluated using self-report questionnaires.We fitted a path model of NSSI,with ACEs as exogenous variables and cPTSD and dissociation as sequential mediators.Secure,fearful and preoccupied attachment styles were modelled as grouping variables.Results Our findings showed that dissociation mediated the impact of ACEs on NSSI in subjects with a fearful attachment style,as opposed to those with a preoccupied attachment for whom cPTSD symptoms mediated the ACEs-NSSI association.Conclusions Attachment styles moderate the relationship between ACEs and NSSI,with either dissociation or post-traumatic symptomatology mediating the impact of ACEs on NSSI,depending on the predominant attachment style.Our results highlight the importance of attachment as a pathway modifier in the relationships between different psychopathology dimensions,providing a useful framework to better conceptualise the ACEs-NSSI association.
文摘BACKGROUND Military personnel frequently face unique psychological challenges due to highstress environments,which increase the risk of mental health issues like anxiety and depression.Acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT)has shown potential in addressing these issues by enhancing psychological flexibility and resilience.AIM To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of ACT in improving the mental health of military personnel.Through a scoping review and meta-analysis,we quantitatively assess the impact of ACT on psychological outcomes,guiding future research and clinical practice.METHODS Relevant literature was searched systematically from database inception to June 30,2023,across multiple databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Embase.The Joanna Briggs Institute's(JBI)scoping review guidelines were used as the methodological framework.Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model,and publication bias was assessed through Egger's regression test and Begg's funnel plot.RESULTS Twenty-six studies were included,highlighting the application of ACT in addressing PTSD,chronic pain,anxiety,and depression among military personnel.The meta-analysis of eight studies demonstrated a significant positive effect of ACT on mental health,with a pooled mean difference of-4.99(95%CI:-6.53 to-3.45).Despite high heterogeneity(I^(2)=63%),sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings.CONCLUSION This study underscores the potential of ACT as an effective intervention for improving the mental health of military personnel.Future research should focus on large-scale,multi-center RCTs to further validate these findings,particularly within diverse military populations.
文摘Few studies have been conducted on the incidence and factors which contribute to road traffic collisions in Trinidad. In order to fill this gap in knowledge, we conducted knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) study among drivers to determine which factors contributed to these accidents. A questionnaire was developed and administered using a cross-sectional approach among 3000 persons living in 5 different areas of Trinidad. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 22, t-test and multivariate analysis. Of the 2998 respondents, at least 572 (19.1%) had been involved in one or more road collisions. While only 46.7% of respondents always wore seat belts, approximately 93% believed strongly that their use was essential for safety—a 3-fold increase in that found in a previous study. The multiple regression analysis indicated that attitude and age were significantly associated with accidents and increased risk for accidents. The results showed that alcohol consumption, use of mobile phones while driving, speed, and age were significantly (p > 0.001) associated with accidents. In conclusion, most respondents were aware of traffic laws and regulations, but their knowledge and practice often diverged. However the improvement in attitude to seat-belt wearing suggests that a holistic driver education program may improve driver practice and adherence to the road traffic regulations in Trinidad.
