A total of 26 leptospirosis cases occurred in the outbreak, of whom six died after hospitalization. All 26 patients were clinically diagnosed as leptospirosis Microscopic agglutination test （MAT） revealed that 13 of...A total of 26 leptospirosis cases occurred in the outbreak, of whom six died after hospitalization. All 26 patients were clinically diagnosed as leptospirosis Microscopic agglutination test （MAT） revealed that 13 of 26 patients were affected with laboratory confirmed leptospirosis. Furthermore, MAT data suggested that serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae were the main pathogens responsible for this outbreak. And the rainfall data suggested that the increased rainfall might be responsible for the leptospirosis outbreak in Lezhi County. This outbreak has reminded us that leptospirosis should not be neglected, especially during flood season, although its incidence rate is low.展开更多
2024年日本机床展览会(JIMTOF2024)于2024年11月5~10日在东京Tokyo Big Sight举办,展出面积118540平方米。展会以“技术传承提供无限可能(Technologies passed down to the future offer unlimited possibilities)”为主题。
In this paper, we first give the definition of possibly non-unital function system, which is a characterization of the self-adjoint subspace of the space of continuous functions on a compact Hausdorff space with the i...In this paper, we first give the definition of possibly non-unital function system, which is a characterization of the self-adjoint subspace of the space of continuous functions on a compact Hausdorff space with the induced order and norm structure. Similar to operator system case, we define the unitalization of a possibly non-unital function system. Then we construct two possibly non-unital operator system structures on a given possibly non-unital function system, which are the analogues of minimal and maximal operator spaces on a normed space. These two structures have many interesting relations with the minimal and maximal operator system structures on a given function system.展开更多
To the Editor:Generalized pustular psoriasis(GPP)is a rare,life-threatening skin disease characterized by recurrent episodes of pustulation.Apremilast,a phosphodiesterase 4(PDE4)inhibitor,is a relatively new drug for ...To the Editor:Generalized pustular psoriasis(GPP)is a rare,life-threatening skin disease characterized by recurrent episodes of pustulation.Apremilast,a phosphodiesterase 4(PDE4)inhibitor,is a relatively new drug for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.Herein,we reported a patient of recurrent GPP possibly triggered by apremilast.展开更多
The dramatic rise in the number of people living in cities has made many environmental and social problems worse.The search for a productive method for disposing of solid waste is the most notable of these problems.Ma...The dramatic rise in the number of people living in cities has made many environmental and social problems worse.The search for a productive method for disposing of solid waste is the most notable of these problems.Many scholars have referred to it as a fuzzy multi-attribute or multi-criteria decision-making problem using various fuzzy set-like approaches because of the inclusion of criteria and anticipated ambiguity.The goal of the current study is to use an innovative methodology to address the expected uncertainties in the problem of solid waste site selection.The characteristics(or sub-attributes)that decision-makers select and the degree of approximation they accept for various options can both be indicators of these uncertainties.To tackle these problems,a novel mathematical structure known as the fuzzy parameterized possibility single valued neutrosophic hypersoft expert set(ρˆ-set),which is initially described,is integrated with a modified version of Sanchez’s method.Following this,an intelligent algorithm is suggested.The steps of the suggested algorithm are explained with an example that explains itself.The compatibility of solid waste management sites and systems is discussed,and rankings are established along with detailed justifications for their viability.This study’s strengths lie in its application of fuzzy parameterization and possibility grading to effectively handle the uncertainties embodied in the parameters’nature and alternative approximations,respectively.It uses specific mathematical formulations to compute the fuzzy parameterized degrees and possibility grades that are missing from the prior literature.It is simpler for the decisionmakers to look at each option separately because the decision is uncertain.Comparing the computed results,it is discovered that they are consistent and dependable because of their preferred properties.展开更多
Pre-reading What is a Deepfake,and how is it created?What are Deepfakes?A Deepfake is a video,image or audio clip that has been created using artificial intelligence.The idea is to make it as realistic as possible.
Detecting sophisticated cyberattacks,mainly Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks,with unexpected patterns remains challenging in modern networks.Traditional detection systems often struggle to mitigate such atta...Detecting sophisticated cyberattacks,mainly Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks,with unexpected patterns remains challenging in modern networks.Traditional detection systems often struggle to mitigate such attacks in conventional and software-defined networking(SDN)environments.While Machine Learning(ML)models can distinguish between benign and malicious traffic,their limited feature scope hinders the detection of new zero-day or low-rate DDoS attacks requiring frequent retraining.In this paper,we propose a novel DDoS detection framework that combines Machine Learning(ML)and Ensemble Learning(EL)techniques to improve DDoS attack detection and mitigation in SDN environments.Our model leverages the“DDoS SDN”dataset for training and evaluation and employs a dynamic feature selection mechanism that enhances detection accuracy by focusing on the most relevant features.This adaptive approach addresses the limitations of conventional ML models and provides more accurate detection of various DDoS attack scenarios.Our proposed ensemble model introduces an additional layer of detection,increasing reliability through the innovative application of ensemble techniques.The proposed solution significantly enhances the model’s ability to identify and respond to dynamic threats in SDNs.It provides a strong foundation for proactive DDoS detection and mitigation,enhancing network defenses against evolving threats.Our comprehensive runtime analysis of Simultaneous Multi-Threading(SMT)on identical configurations shows superior accuracy and efficiency,with significantly reduced computational time,making it ideal for real-time DDoS detection in dynamic,rapidly changing SDNs.Experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves outstanding performance,outperforming traditional algorithms with 99%accuracy using Random Forest(RF)and K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)and 98%accuracy using XGBoost.展开更多
It is well known that the system (1 + 1) can be unequal to 2, because this system has both observation error and system error. Furthermore, we must provide our mustered service within our cool head and warm heart, whe...It is well known that the system (1 + 1) can be unequal to 2, because this system has both observation error and system error. Furthermore, we must provide our mustered service within our cool head and warm heart, where two states of nature are existing upon us. Any system is regarded as the two-dimensional variable error model. On the other hand, we consider that the fuzziness is existing in this system. Though we can usually obtain the fuzzy number from the possibility theory, it is not fuzzy but possibility, because the possibility function is as same as the likelihood function, and we can obtain the possibility measure by the maximal likelihood method (i.e. max product method proposed by Dr. Hideo Tanaka). Therefore, Fuzzy is regarded as the only one case according to Vague, which has both some state of nature in this world and another state of nature in the other world. Here, we can consider that Type 1 Vague Event in other world can be obtained by mapping and translating from Type 1 fuzzy Event in this world. We named this estimation as Type 1 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. When the Vague Events were abnormal (ex. under War), we need to consider that another world could exist around other world. In this case, we call it Type 2 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. Where Hori et al. constructed the stochastic different equation upon Type 1 Vague Events, along with the general following probabilistic introduction method from the single regression model, multi-regression model, AR model, Markov (decision) process, to the stochastic different equation. Furthermore, we showed that the system theory approach is Possibility Markov Process, and that the making decision approach is Sequential Bayes Estimation, too. After all, Type 1 Bays-Fuzzy estimation is the special case in Bayes estimation, because the pareto solutions can exist in two stochastic different equations upon Type 2 Vague Events, after we ignore one equation each other (note that this is Type 1 case), we can obtain both its system solution and its decision solution. Here, it is noted that Type 2 Vague estimation can be applied to the shallow abnormal decision problem with possibility reserved judgement. However, it is very important problem that we can have no idea for possibility reserved judgement under the deepest abnormal envelopment (ex. under War). Expect for this deepest abnormal decision problem, Bayes estimation can completely cover fuzzy estimation. In this paper, we explain our flowing study and further research object forward to this deepest abnormal decision problem.展开更多
Statistical regression models are input-oriented estimation models that account for observation errors. On the other hand, an output-oriented possibility regression model that accounts for system fluctuations is propo...Statistical regression models are input-oriented estimation models that account for observation errors. On the other hand, an output-oriented possibility regression model that accounts for system fluctuations is proposed. Furthermore, the possibility Markov chain is proposed, which has a disidentifiable state (posterior) and a nondiscriminable state (prior). In this paper, we first take up the entity efficiency evaluation problem as a case study of the posterior non-discriminable production possibility region and mention Fuzzy DEA with fuzzy constraints. Next, the case study of the ex-ante non-discriminable event setting is discussed. Finally, we introduce the measure of the fuzzy number and the equality relation and attempt to model the possibility Markov chain mathematically. Furthermore, we show that under ergodic conditions, the direct sum state can be decomposed and reintegrated using fuzzy OR logic. We had already constructed the Possibility Markov process based on the indifferent state of this world. In this paper, we try to extend it to the indifferent event in another world. It should be noted that we can obtain the possibility transfer matrix by full use of possibility theory.展开更多
Bayesian inference model is an optimal processing of incomplete information that, more than other models, better captures the way in which any decision-maker learns and updates his degree of rational beliefs about pos...Bayesian inference model is an optimal processing of incomplete information that, more than other models, better captures the way in which any decision-maker learns and updates his degree of rational beliefs about possible states of nature, in order to make a better judgment while taking new evidence into account. Such a scientific model proposed for the general theory of decision-making, like all others in general, whether in statistics, economics, operations research, A.I., data science or applied mathematics, regardless of whether they are time-dependent, have in common a theoretical basis that is axiomatized by relying on related concepts of a universe of possibles, especially the so-called universe (or the world), the state of nature (or the state of the world), when formulated explicitly. The issue of where to stand as an observer or a decision-maker to reframe such a universe of possibles together with a partition structure of knowledge (i.e. semantic formalisms), including a copy of itself as it was initially while generalizing it, is not addressed. Memory being the substratum, whether human or artificial, wherein everything stands, to date, even the theoretical possibility of such an operation of self-inclusion is prohibited by pure mathematics. We make this blind spot come to light through a counter-example (namely Archimedes’ Eureka experiment) and explore novel theoretical foundations, fitting better with a quantum form than with fuzzy modeling, to deal with more than a reference universe of possibles. This could open up a new path of investigation for the general theory of decision-making, as well as for Artificial Intelligence, often considered as the science of the imitation of human abilities, while being also the science of knowledge representation and the science of concept formation and reasoning.展开更多
Background:Poor nutritional status is closely related to the development of sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia.Limited articles have evaluated the impact of undernutrition at different stages of life on the developmen...Background:Poor nutritional status is closely related to the development of sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia.Limited articles have evaluated the impact of undernutrition at different stages of life on the development of sarcopenia or possible sarcopenia in old age.The 1959–1962 Chinese famine provided the possibility for large-scale population studies on the effects of long-term undernutrition or inad-equate intake on various health problems.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of long-term reduction of food intake(expo-sure to the 1959–1962 Chinese famine)in early life on the development of sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia in later life.Methods:We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey(CHARLS)2015 and obtained information on whether participants had experienced famine from the 2014 Life Course Survey of Chinese Residents.After data integration and cleaning,we divided the included participants into five age-exposure cohorts based on birthdate,including cohorts exposed to famine during preschool,midchildhood,young teenage years,teenage years,and adulthood to analyze the long-term effects of exposure to famine on the development of sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia.Results:Exposure to moderate or severe famine did not significantly increase the risk of possible sarcopenia(P>0.05).In a further stratified analysis,moderate famine exposure in adulthood significantly increased the risk of possible sarcopenia(1.475 times;95%CI:1.104–1.969,P=0.009).However,there was no significant association between famine exposure and possible sarcopenia in the preschool,midchildhood,young teenage,or teenage exposure cohorts(P>0.05).Conclusions:Exposure to famine in preadulthood did not increase the risk of possible sarcopenia in older adults.However,the risk of possible sarcopenia in later life was increased about 50%among participants who were exposed to moderate famine in adulthood.展开更多
In previous studies, an isosceles triangular-type possibility distribution was employed to represent the analog waves of a Gaussian Process. The model was then projected onto actual waves using Zadeh’s extension prin...In previous studies, an isosceles triangular-type possibility distribution was employed to represent the analog waves of a Gaussian Process. The model was then projected onto actual waves using Zadeh’s extension principle of mapping (Hori et al., 2019). Furthermore, by applying Vague Set and Systems theory, it was shown that the actual waves followed a Gaussian process, and that the system could be efficiently controlled via Monte Carlo simulation. However, due to the use of fuzzy OR logic in the extension principle of mapping and wave synthesis, the resulting ambiguity increased significantly. To address this issue, a Possibility Markov Chain was proposed, incorporating possibility theory to mitigate the explosion of ambiguity. In this study, we propose a novel modeling approach that utilizes a possibility transition matrix without relying on fuzzy OR logic. Additionally, we introduce the Sea-Control Algorithm, which artificially introduces system error into the system function, thereby enabling modification of the possibility transition matrix through the deliberate manipulation of possibility information within the fuzzy system.展开更多
The problem of multiple attribute decision making under fuzzy linguistic environments, in which decision makers can only provide their preferences （attribute values）in the form of trapezoid fuzzy linguistic variable...The problem of multiple attribute decision making under fuzzy linguistic environments, in which decision makers can only provide their preferences （attribute values）in the form of trapezoid fuzzy linguistic variables（TFLV）, is studied. The formula of the degree of possibility between two TFLVs is defined, and some of its characteristics are studied. Based on the degree of possibility of fuzzy linguistic variables, an approach to ranking the decision alternatives in multiple attribute decision making with TFLV is developed. The trapezoid fuzzy linguistic weighted averaging （TFLWA） operator method is utilized to aggregate the decision information, and then all the alternatives are ranked by comparing the degree of possibility of TFLV. The method can carry out linguistic computation processes easily without loss of linguistic information, and thus makes the decision results reasonable and effective. Finally, the implementation process of the proposed method is illustrated and analyzed by a practical example.展开更多
Based on the difference in severity of the disease and complications, 80 cases of acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) accompanied with cough were divided into 2 groups: One treated by traditional Chinese medici...Based on the difference in severity of the disease and complications, 80 cases of acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) accompanied with cough were divided into 2 groups: One treated by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM group), including 58 cases and the other treated by Integrated Chinese and Western medicine (integrated group), 22 cases. The therapeutic results show that in the TCM group there were 18 cases (31.03%) with clinical cure of the respiratory tract infection, 7 cases with therapeutic effect (12.07%) and 33 cases without any effect (56.90%), for a total rate of 43.10% therapeutic effectiveness; while in the integrated group there were 6 cases with clinical cure (27.27%), 2 cases with therapeutic effect (9.09%) and 14 cases without any effect (63.64%), the total rate of therapeutic effectiveness being 36.36%, slightly lower than in the TCM group and possibly related to greater severity of the disease or complications.展开更多
The But Thap Temple in Bac Ninh province of Viet Nam has two Chinese names,one is Ninh Phuc Temple and the other,an alternative one,Thieu Lam Temple.In the middle of17th century,the Chinese Chuyet Cong and Minh Hanh l...The But Thap Temple in Bac Ninh province of Viet Nam has two Chinese names,one is Ninh Phuc Temple and the other,an alternative one,Thieu Lam Temple.In the middle of17th century,the Chinese Chuyet Cong and Minh Hanh lived and made great contribution to its development.The temple is deeply affected by Chinese culture and the reason for its alˉternative name,the paper argues,is possible related to China’s“North Shao Lin”.展开更多
Rosiglitazone up-regulates caveolin-1 levels and has neuroprotective effects in both chronic and acute brain injury. Therefore, we postulated that rosiglitazone may ameliorate diffuse axonal injury via its ability to ...Rosiglitazone up-regulates caveolin-1 levels and has neuroprotective effects in both chronic and acute brain injury. Therefore, we postulated that rosiglitazone may ameliorate diffuse axonal injury via its ability to up-regulate caveolin-1, inhibit expression of amyloid-beta precursor protein, and reduce the loss and abnormal phosphorylation of tau. In the present study, intraperitoneal injection of rosiglitazone significantly reduced the levels of amyloid-beta precursor protein and hyperphosphorylated tau（phosphorylated at Ser^（404）（p-tau（S^（404）））, and it increased the expression of total tau and caveolin-1 in the rat cortex. Our results show that rosiglitazone inhibits the expression of amyloid-beta precursor protein and lowers p-tau（S^（404）） levels, and it reduces the loss of total tau, possibly by up-regulating caveolin-1. These actions of rosiglitazone may underlie its neuroprotective effects in the treatment of diffuse axonal injury.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30970125,81101264,and 81171587)
文摘A total of 26 leptospirosis cases occurred in the outbreak, of whom six died after hospitalization. All 26 patients were clinically diagnosed as leptospirosis Microscopic agglutination test （MAT） revealed that 13 of 26 patients were affected with laboratory confirmed leptospirosis. Furthermore, MAT data suggested that serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae were the main pathogens responsible for this outbreak. And the rainfall data suggested that the increased rainfall might be responsible for the leptospirosis outbreak in Lezhi County. This outbreak has reminded us that leptospirosis should not be neglected, especially during flood season, although its incidence rate is low.
文摘2024年日本机床展览会(JIMTOF2024)于2024年11月5~10日在东京Tokyo Big Sight举办,展出面积118540平方米。展会以“技术传承提供无限可能(Technologies passed down to the future offer unlimited possibilities)”为主题。
文摘In this paper, we first give the definition of possibly non-unital function system, which is a characterization of the self-adjoint subspace of the space of continuous functions on a compact Hausdorff space with the induced order and norm structure. Similar to operator system case, we define the unitalization of a possibly non-unital function system. Then we construct two possibly non-unital operator system structures on a given possibly non-unital function system, which are the analogues of minimal and maximal operator spaces on a normed space. These two structures have many interesting relations with the minimal and maximal operator system structures on a given function system.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773331)CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine(No.2017-12M-3-020).
文摘To the Editor:Generalized pustular psoriasis(GPP)is a rare,life-threatening skin disease characterized by recurrent episodes of pustulation.Apremilast,a phosphodiesterase 4(PDE4)inhibitor,is a relatively new drug for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.Herein,we reported a patient of recurrent GPP possibly triggered by apremilast.
文摘The dramatic rise in the number of people living in cities has made many environmental and social problems worse.The search for a productive method for disposing of solid waste is the most notable of these problems.Many scholars have referred to it as a fuzzy multi-attribute or multi-criteria decision-making problem using various fuzzy set-like approaches because of the inclusion of criteria and anticipated ambiguity.The goal of the current study is to use an innovative methodology to address the expected uncertainties in the problem of solid waste site selection.The characteristics(or sub-attributes)that decision-makers select and the degree of approximation they accept for various options can both be indicators of these uncertainties.To tackle these problems,a novel mathematical structure known as the fuzzy parameterized possibility single valued neutrosophic hypersoft expert set(ρˆ-set),which is initially described,is integrated with a modified version of Sanchez’s method.Following this,an intelligent algorithm is suggested.The steps of the suggested algorithm are explained with an example that explains itself.The compatibility of solid waste management sites and systems is discussed,and rankings are established along with detailed justifications for their viability.This study’s strengths lie in its application of fuzzy parameterization and possibility grading to effectively handle the uncertainties embodied in the parameters’nature and alternative approximations,respectively.It uses specific mathematical formulations to compute the fuzzy parameterized degrees and possibility grades that are missing from the prior literature.It is simpler for the decisionmakers to look at each option separately because the decision is uncertain.Comparing the computed results,it is discovered that they are consistent and dependable because of their preferred properties.
文摘Pre-reading What is a Deepfake,and how is it created?What are Deepfakes?A Deepfake is a video,image or audio clip that has been created using artificial intelligence.The idea is to make it as realistic as possible.
文摘Detecting sophisticated cyberattacks,mainly Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks,with unexpected patterns remains challenging in modern networks.Traditional detection systems often struggle to mitigate such attacks in conventional and software-defined networking(SDN)environments.While Machine Learning(ML)models can distinguish between benign and malicious traffic,their limited feature scope hinders the detection of new zero-day or low-rate DDoS attacks requiring frequent retraining.In this paper,we propose a novel DDoS detection framework that combines Machine Learning(ML)and Ensemble Learning(EL)techniques to improve DDoS attack detection and mitigation in SDN environments.Our model leverages the“DDoS SDN”dataset for training and evaluation and employs a dynamic feature selection mechanism that enhances detection accuracy by focusing on the most relevant features.This adaptive approach addresses the limitations of conventional ML models and provides more accurate detection of various DDoS attack scenarios.Our proposed ensemble model introduces an additional layer of detection,increasing reliability through the innovative application of ensemble techniques.The proposed solution significantly enhances the model’s ability to identify and respond to dynamic threats in SDNs.It provides a strong foundation for proactive DDoS detection and mitigation,enhancing network defenses against evolving threats.Our comprehensive runtime analysis of Simultaneous Multi-Threading(SMT)on identical configurations shows superior accuracy and efficiency,with significantly reduced computational time,making it ideal for real-time DDoS detection in dynamic,rapidly changing SDNs.Experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves outstanding performance,outperforming traditional algorithms with 99%accuracy using Random Forest(RF)and K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)and 98%accuracy using XGBoost.
文摘It is well known that the system (1 + 1) can be unequal to 2, because this system has both observation error and system error. Furthermore, we must provide our mustered service within our cool head and warm heart, where two states of nature are existing upon us. Any system is regarded as the two-dimensional variable error model. On the other hand, we consider that the fuzziness is existing in this system. Though we can usually obtain the fuzzy number from the possibility theory, it is not fuzzy but possibility, because the possibility function is as same as the likelihood function, and we can obtain the possibility measure by the maximal likelihood method (i.e. max product method proposed by Dr. Hideo Tanaka). Therefore, Fuzzy is regarded as the only one case according to Vague, which has both some state of nature in this world and another state of nature in the other world. Here, we can consider that Type 1 Vague Event in other world can be obtained by mapping and translating from Type 1 fuzzy Event in this world. We named this estimation as Type 1 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. When the Vague Events were abnormal (ex. under War), we need to consider that another world could exist around other world. In this case, we call it Type 2 Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation. Where Hori et al. constructed the stochastic different equation upon Type 1 Vague Events, along with the general following probabilistic introduction method from the single regression model, multi-regression model, AR model, Markov (decision) process, to the stochastic different equation. Furthermore, we showed that the system theory approach is Possibility Markov Process, and that the making decision approach is Sequential Bayes Estimation, too. After all, Type 1 Bays-Fuzzy estimation is the special case in Bayes estimation, because the pareto solutions can exist in two stochastic different equations upon Type 2 Vague Events, after we ignore one equation each other (note that this is Type 1 case), we can obtain both its system solution and its decision solution. Here, it is noted that Type 2 Vague estimation can be applied to the shallow abnormal decision problem with possibility reserved judgement. However, it is very important problem that we can have no idea for possibility reserved judgement under the deepest abnormal envelopment (ex. under War). Expect for this deepest abnormal decision problem, Bayes estimation can completely cover fuzzy estimation. In this paper, we explain our flowing study and further research object forward to this deepest abnormal decision problem.
文摘Statistical regression models are input-oriented estimation models that account for observation errors. On the other hand, an output-oriented possibility regression model that accounts for system fluctuations is proposed. Furthermore, the possibility Markov chain is proposed, which has a disidentifiable state (posterior) and a nondiscriminable state (prior). In this paper, we first take up the entity efficiency evaluation problem as a case study of the posterior non-discriminable production possibility region and mention Fuzzy DEA with fuzzy constraints. Next, the case study of the ex-ante non-discriminable event setting is discussed. Finally, we introduce the measure of the fuzzy number and the equality relation and attempt to model the possibility Markov chain mathematically. Furthermore, we show that under ergodic conditions, the direct sum state can be decomposed and reintegrated using fuzzy OR logic. We had already constructed the Possibility Markov process based on the indifferent state of this world. In this paper, we try to extend it to the indifferent event in another world. It should be noted that we can obtain the possibility transfer matrix by full use of possibility theory.
文摘Bayesian inference model is an optimal processing of incomplete information that, more than other models, better captures the way in which any decision-maker learns and updates his degree of rational beliefs about possible states of nature, in order to make a better judgment while taking new evidence into account. Such a scientific model proposed for the general theory of decision-making, like all others in general, whether in statistics, economics, operations research, A.I., data science or applied mathematics, regardless of whether they are time-dependent, have in common a theoretical basis that is axiomatized by relying on related concepts of a universe of possibles, especially the so-called universe (or the world), the state of nature (or the state of the world), when formulated explicitly. The issue of where to stand as an observer or a decision-maker to reframe such a universe of possibles together with a partition structure of knowledge (i.e. semantic formalisms), including a copy of itself as it was initially while generalizing it, is not addressed. Memory being the substratum, whether human or artificial, wherein everything stands, to date, even the theoretical possibility of such an operation of self-inclusion is prohibited by pure mathematics. We make this blind spot come to light through a counter-example (namely Archimedes’ Eureka experiment) and explore novel theoretical foundations, fitting better with a quantum form than with fuzzy modeling, to deal with more than a reference universe of possibles. This could open up a new path of investigation for the general theory of decision-making, as well as for Artificial Intelligence, often considered as the science of the imitation of human abilities, while being also the science of knowledge representation and the science of concept formation and reasoning.
文摘Background:Poor nutritional status is closely related to the development of sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia.Limited articles have evaluated the impact of undernutrition at different stages of life on the development of sarcopenia or possible sarcopenia in old age.The 1959–1962 Chinese famine provided the possibility for large-scale population studies on the effects of long-term undernutrition or inad-equate intake on various health problems.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of long-term reduction of food intake(expo-sure to the 1959–1962 Chinese famine)in early life on the development of sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia in later life.Methods:We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey(CHARLS)2015 and obtained information on whether participants had experienced famine from the 2014 Life Course Survey of Chinese Residents.After data integration and cleaning,we divided the included participants into five age-exposure cohorts based on birthdate,including cohorts exposed to famine during preschool,midchildhood,young teenage years,teenage years,and adulthood to analyze the long-term effects of exposure to famine on the development of sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia.Results:Exposure to moderate or severe famine did not significantly increase the risk of possible sarcopenia(P>0.05).In a further stratified analysis,moderate famine exposure in adulthood significantly increased the risk of possible sarcopenia(1.475 times;95%CI:1.104–1.969,P=0.009).However,there was no significant association between famine exposure and possible sarcopenia in the preschool,midchildhood,young teenage,or teenage exposure cohorts(P>0.05).Conclusions:Exposure to famine in preadulthood did not increase the risk of possible sarcopenia in older adults.However,the risk of possible sarcopenia in later life was increased about 50%among participants who were exposed to moderate famine in adulthood.
文摘In previous studies, an isosceles triangular-type possibility distribution was employed to represent the analog waves of a Gaussian Process. The model was then projected onto actual waves using Zadeh’s extension principle of mapping (Hori et al., 2019). Furthermore, by applying Vague Set and Systems theory, it was shown that the actual waves followed a Gaussian process, and that the system could be efficiently controlled via Monte Carlo simulation. However, due to the use of fuzzy OR logic in the extension principle of mapping and wave synthesis, the resulting ambiguity increased significantly. To address this issue, a Possibility Markov Chain was proposed, incorporating possibility theory to mitigate the explosion of ambiguity. In this study, we propose a novel modeling approach that utilizes a possibility transition matrix without relying on fuzzy OR logic. Additionally, we introduce the Sea-Control Algorithm, which artificially introduces system error into the system function, thereby enabling modification of the possibility transition matrix through the deliberate manipulation of possibility information within the fuzzy system.
基金2008 Soft Science Program of Jiangsu Science and Technology Department (No.BR2008098)
文摘The problem of multiple attribute decision making under fuzzy linguistic environments, in which decision makers can only provide their preferences （attribute values）in the form of trapezoid fuzzy linguistic variables（TFLV）, is studied. The formula of the degree of possibility between two TFLVs is defined, and some of its characteristics are studied. Based on the degree of possibility of fuzzy linguistic variables, an approach to ranking the decision alternatives in multiple attribute decision making with TFLV is developed. The trapezoid fuzzy linguistic weighted averaging （TFLWA） operator method is utilized to aggregate the decision information, and then all the alternatives are ranked by comparing the degree of possibility of TFLV. The method can carry out linguistic computation processes easily without loss of linguistic information, and thus makes the decision results reasonable and effective. Finally, the implementation process of the proposed method is illustrated and analyzed by a practical example.
文摘Based on the difference in severity of the disease and complications, 80 cases of acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) accompanied with cough were divided into 2 groups: One treated by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM group), including 58 cases and the other treated by Integrated Chinese and Western medicine (integrated group), 22 cases. The therapeutic results show that in the TCM group there were 18 cases (31.03%) with clinical cure of the respiratory tract infection, 7 cases with therapeutic effect (12.07%) and 33 cases without any effect (56.90%), for a total rate of 43.10% therapeutic effectiveness; while in the integrated group there were 6 cases with clinical cure (27.27%), 2 cases with therapeutic effect (9.09%) and 14 cases without any effect (63.64%), the total rate of therapeutic effectiveness being 36.36%, slightly lower than in the TCM group and possibly related to greater severity of the disease or complications.
文摘The But Thap Temple in Bac Ninh province of Viet Nam has two Chinese names,one is Ninh Phuc Temple and the other,an alternative one,Thieu Lam Temple.In the middle of17th century,the Chinese Chuyet Cong and Minh Hanh lived and made great contribution to its development.The temple is deeply affected by Chinese culture and the reason for its alˉternative name,the paper argues,is possible related to China’s“North Shao Lin”.
基金funded by the New Century Supporting Programs to Excellent Talents in China,No.NCET-05-0831
文摘Rosiglitazone up-regulates caveolin-1 levels and has neuroprotective effects in both chronic and acute brain injury. Therefore, we postulated that rosiglitazone may ameliorate diffuse axonal injury via its ability to up-regulate caveolin-1, inhibit expression of amyloid-beta precursor protein, and reduce the loss and abnormal phosphorylation of tau. In the present study, intraperitoneal injection of rosiglitazone significantly reduced the levels of amyloid-beta precursor protein and hyperphosphorylated tau（phosphorylated at Ser^（404）（p-tau（S^（404）））, and it increased the expression of total tau and caveolin-1 in the rat cortex. Our results show that rosiglitazone inhibits the expression of amyloid-beta precursor protein and lowers p-tau（S^（404）） levels, and it reduces the loss of total tau, possibly by up-regulating caveolin-1. These actions of rosiglitazone may underlie its neuroprotective effects in the treatment of diffuse axonal injury.
