Pedestrian detection has been a hot spot in computer vision over the past decades due to the wide spectrum of promising applications,and the major challenge is false positives that occur during pedestrian detection.Th...Pedestrian detection has been a hot spot in computer vision over the past decades due to the wide spectrum of promising applications,and the major challenge is false positives that occur during pedestrian detection.The emergence of various Convolutional Neural Network-based detection strategies substantially enhances pedestrian detection accuracy but still does not solve this problem well.This paper deeply analyzes the detection framework of the two-stage CNN detection methods and finds out false positives in detection results are due to its training strategy misclassifying some false proposals,thus weakening the classification capability of the following subnetwork and hardly suppressing false ones.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a pedestrian-sensitive training algorithm to help two-stage CNN detection methods effectively learn to distinguish the pedestrian and non-pedestrian samples and suppress the false positives in the final detection results.The core of the proposed algorithm is to redesign the training proposal generating scheme for the two-stage CNN detection methods,which can avoid a certain number of false ones that mislead its training process.With the help of the proposed algorithm,the detection accuracy of the MetroNext,a smaller and more accurate metro passenger detector,is further improved,which further decreases false ones in its metro passenger detection results.Based on various challenging benchmark datasets,experiment results have demonstrated that the feasibility of the proposed algorithm is effective in improving pedestrian detection accuracy by removing false positives.Compared with the existing state-of-the-art detection networks,PSTNet demonstrates better overall prediction performance in accuracy,total number of parameters,and inference time;thus,it can become a practical solution for hunting pedestrians on various hardware platforms,especially for mobile and edge devices.展开更多
During the last decade, hundreds of studies have been pub- lished examining whether significant associations exist be- tween mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） variants and/or haplogroups （clades） and particular diseases ...During the last decade, hundreds of studies have been pub- lished examining whether significant associations exist be- tween mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） variants and/or haplogroups （clades） and particular diseases （generally com- mon/complex diseases） （Fig. 1）. However, several authors have gathered evidence indicating a high incidence of false positive findings in mtDNA case-control association studies. Raule et al. （2007） and Herrnstadt and Howell （2004） showed various problems affecting mtDNA case-control association studies. Salas et al.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore the reasons of false positives in Different Display Reverse Transcription（DDRT）analysis.[Method] Soybean varieties ＂Jilin 30＂ and ＂Tongnong 13＂ were used as materials to carry ...[Objective] The aim was to explore the reasons of false positives in Different Display Reverse Transcription（DDRT）analysis.[Method] Soybean varieties ＂Jilin 30＂ and ＂Tongnong 13＂ were used as materials to carry out analysis on false positives in DDRT analysis.[Result] An important origin of false positives appeared in DDRT analysis was the non-specific amplification caused by the combination of single primer and cDNA.The parallel PCR test of single primer should be set so as to verify whether the obtained fragments were the false positives or the PCR productions combined with single primer.[Conclusion] This study had provided basis for improving the success rate of DDRT experiment.展开更多
The use of environmental DNA(eDNA)has significantly revolutionized studies in biodiversity science.A crucial innovation of eDNA-based biodiversity assessment is the ability to detect species through genetic materials ...The use of environmental DNA(eDNA)has significantly revolutionized studies in biodiversity science.A crucial innovation of eDNA-based biodiversity assessment is the ability to detect species through genetic materials released by organisms into their environments,without the need for direct observation or capture(i.e.,organisms remain“unseen”).The fact that organisms remain“unseen”has many pros and cons,many of which have been largely recognized and technically addressed or managed.However,two recent studies have both highlighted another critical issue regarding eDNA-based biodiversity assessments:the prevalence of overlooked eDNA contamination originating from human activities,such as the release of treated wastewater into aquatic ecosystems.Such eDNA contamination derived from human activities can lead to significant false positive errors in eDNA-based biodiversity assessments,particularly in human-disturbed ecosystems such as urban and coastal environments.Here I discuss the causes and consequences of eDNA contamination,stressing that this widespread but often neglected issue can substantially affect both eDNA-based theoretical studies and applied biodiversity management.Additionally,I propose several potential technical solutions to minimize its negative impacts,including well-designed sampling strategies,a deeper understanding of eDNA persistence and its spread in local waterbodies,and the use of environmental RNA(eRNA).Given that eDNA contamination can significantly impact ecosystems such as urban and coastal environments where biodiversity provides essential ecosystem services,I call for precautionary approaches and technical efforts to mitigate false positives derived from eDNA contamination in biodiversity assessments in these ecosystems.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to ...In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
主题语境:人与自我--勤学善思,积极心态Hello!My name is Sam Burkett.I have been teaching English in China for 16 years.I feel happy and satisfied when my students achieve their goals.I will do my best to encourage studen...主题语境:人与自我--勤学善思,积极心态Hello!My name is Sam Burkett.I have been teaching English in China for 16 years.I feel happy and satisfied when my students achieve their goals.I will do my best to encourage students and help them grow.展开更多
Annual haze in Northern Thailand has become increasingly severe,impacting health and the environment.How-ever,the sources of the haze remain poorly quantified due to limited observational data on aerosol molecular tra...Annual haze in Northern Thailand has become increasingly severe,impacting health and the environment.How-ever,the sources of the haze remain poorly quantified due to limited observational data on aerosol molecular tracers.This study comprehensively investigates chemical composition of PM_(2.5),including both inorganic and organic compounds throughout haze and post-haze periods in 2019 at a rural site of Northern Thailand.Average PM_(2.5) concentrations during haze and post-haze period were 87±36 and 21±11μg/m^(3),respectively.Organic matter was the dominant contributor in PM_(2.5) mass,followed by water soluble inorganic ions and mineral dust.Molecular markers,including levoglucosan,dehydroabietic acid,and 4-nitrocatechol,and ions(Cl^(-),and K^(+)),were used to characterize low haze(PM_(2.5)<100μg/m^(3))and episodic haze(PM_(2.5)>100μg/m^(3)).Low haze is associated with local aerosols from agricultural waste burning,while episodic haze is linked to aged aerosols from mixed agricultural waste,softwood,and hardwood burning.Source apportionment incorporating these molecular markers in receptor modelling(Positive matrix factorization),identified three distinct biomass burning sources:mixed,local,and aged biomass burnings,contributing 31,19 and 13%of PM_(2.5) during haze period.During post-haze period,contributions shifted,with local biomass burning(32%)comparable to secondary sulfate(34%)and mixed dust and traffic sources(26%).These findings demonstrate that both regional and local sources con-tribute to severe haze,highlighting the need for integrated policies for cross-border cooperation as well as stricter regulations to reduce biomass burning in Northern Thailand and Southeast Asia.展开更多
Oxidative potential(OP)can be used as an indicator of the health risks of particulate matter in the air.To study the variation and sources of OP,we conducted an observation of PM_(2.5) in a megacity in southern China ...Oxidative potential(OP)can be used as an indicator of the health risks of particulate matter in the air.To study the variation and sources of OP,we conducted an observation of PM_(2.5) in a megacity in southern China in winter and spring of 2021.The results show that the average concentration of PM_(2.5) decreased by 47%from winter to spring,while volume-normalized and mass-normalized OP(i.e.,OP_(v) and OP_(m))increased by 6%and 69%,respectively.It suggests that the decline of PM_(2.5) may not necessarily decrease the health risks and the intrinsic toxicity of PM_(2.5).Variations of OP_(v) and OP_(m) among different periods were related to the different source contributions and environmental conditions.The positive matrix factorization model was used to identify the major sources of OP_(v).OP_(v) was mainly contributed by biomass burning/industrial emissions(29%),soil/road dust(20%),secondary sulfate(14%),and coal combustion(13%)in winter.Different major sources were resolved to be secondary sulfate(36%),biological sources(21%),and marine vessels(20%)in spring,presenting the substantial contribution of biological sources.The analysis shows strong associations between OP_(v) and both live and dead bacteria,further confirming the important contribution of bioaerosols to the enhancement of OP.This study highlights the importance of understanding OP in ambient PM_(2.5) in terms of public health impact and provides a new insight into the biological contribution to OP.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate and compare alterations in the effective lens position(ELP)and refractive outcomes among three distinct intraocular lens(IOL)types.METHODS:Patients with cataracts were enrolled and allocated to 3 group...AIM:To evaluate and compare alterations in the effective lens position(ELP)and refractive outcomes among three distinct intraocular lens(IOL)types.METHODS:Patients with cataracts were enrolled and allocated to 3 groups:Group A(implanted with the SN6CWS),Group B(implanted with the MI60),and Group C(implanted with the Aspira-aA).ELP measurements were obtained with swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)at 1d,1wk,1mo,and 3mo postoperatively.Subjective refraction assessments were conducted at 1wk,1mo,and 3mo following surgery.RESULTS:The study included 189 eyes of 150 cataract patients(66 males).There were 77 eyes in Group A,55 eyes in Group B,and 57 eyes in Group C.The root mean square of the ELP(ELPRMS)within the initial 3mo was significantly lower for Group A than for Groups B and C.Refractive changes within Group A were not significant across the time points of 1wk,1mo,and 3mo.Conversely,both Group B and Group C demonstrated statistically significant shifts toward hyperopia from 1wk to 3mo postsurgery.CONCLUSION:Among the three IOLs examined,the SN6CWS IOL showes the greatest stability during the first 3mo postoperatively.Between 1wk and 3mo after surgery,notable hyperopic shifts are evident in eyes implanted with the MI60 and Aspira-aA IOLs,whereas refractive outcomes remain relatively constant in eyes implanted with SN6CWS IOLs.展开更多
Access to clean drinking water is essential for human health,economic development,and environmental sustain-ability.To effectively preserve water quality and ensure a safe and stable water supply,it is essential to de...Access to clean drinking water is essential for human health,economic development,and environmental sustain-ability.To effectively preserve water quality and ensure a safe and stable water supply,it is essential to determine the priority control factors of potentially hazardous elements in water.This study focused on public drinking wa-ter fountains in Zaječar City(Serbia),examining water hydrochemistry,quality,potential sources of hazardous elements,and the health risks associated with consumption or dermal exposure.Among all potentially hazardous elements,iron showed a deviation from the limit in drinking water prescribed by the World Health Organization,reaching 631μg/L.However,all samples were categorized as excellent quality for drinking.Water composition was governed by water-rock interactions,distinguishing Na-HCO_(3)as the dominant water type.A total of 3.3%and 6.6%of samples exceeded the threshold of 1 for non-carcinogenic health risk for adults and children,re-spectively,with the mean HIa value of 0.35 and the mean HIc value of 0.57.However,the carcinogenic risk was within the allowable limits for children,whereas it surpassed the threshold of 1.0×10^(–4)for adults in 10%of the samples.The positive matrix factorization model identified four sources responsible for water quality,i.e.,natural source,industrial source,sewage source,and agricultural source,with contributions of 37.1%,35.0%,17.8%,and 10.1%,respectively.The Monte Carlo simulation of source-specific health risks revealed that the industrial source was the main contributor to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks,attributed to its high arsenic load.展开更多
Using variational method, the authors get an existence result for positive solutions of a superlinear elliptic boundary value problem without assuming the P.S. condition. To prove the results in this paper, the author...Using variational method, the authors get an existence result for positive solutions of a superlinear elliptic boundary value problem without assuming the P.S. condition. To prove the results in this paper, the authors adopt the method of gradient flow and use a new class of truncation functions.展开更多
Some comparison theorems of the non-existence of positive solutions are derived for a classof neutral type difference equations with positive and negative coefficients. These results extendand improve some comparison ...Some comparison theorems of the non-existence of positive solutions are derived for a classof neutral type difference equations with positive and negative coefficients. These results extendand improve some comparison criteria obtained in the literature [1] and [2].展开更多
Using variational method, the authors get an existence result for positive solutions of a superlinear elliptic boundary value problem without assuming the P.S. condition. To prove the results in this paper, the author...Using variational method, the authors get an existence result for positive solutions of a superlinear elliptic boundary value problem without assuming the P.S. condition. To prove the results in this paper, the authors adopt the method of gradient flow and use a new class of truncation functions.展开更多
BACKGROUND The imbalance of hormone levels in the body is closely related to the occurrence and progression of schizophrenia,especially thyroid hormones.AIM To study the relationship between triiodothyronine(T3),thyro...BACKGROUND The imbalance of hormone levels in the body is closely related to the occurrence and progression of schizophrenia,especially thyroid hormones.AIM To study the relationship between triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),free T3(FT3),free T4(FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)and schizophrenia.METHODS In this study,100 schizophrenia patients were selected from our hospital between April 2022 and April 2024.Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)score,patients were divided into mild(1-3 points,n=39),moderate(4 points,n=45),and severe groups(5-7 points,n=16).Additionally,55 healthy individuals served as a control group.Venous blood samples were collected to measure T3,T4,FT3,FT4,TSH,and cortisol concentrations,analyzing their relationship with PANSS scores.RESULTS The serum levels of T3,FT3,FT4,TSH and cortisol in the schizophrenia group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).With the increase of the severity of the disease,the concentrations of T3 and T4 decreased,while the con-centrations of TSH and cortisol increased(P<0.05).The concentrations of TSH and cortisol were positively correlated with the PANSS score,while T3 and T4 were negatively correlated with the PANSS score(P<0.05).The receiver ope-rating characteristic curve results showed that T3,T4,TSH,and cortisol had good efficacy in the diagnosis of schizophrenia.Logistic results showed that decreased T3 level,decreased T4 level,decreased TSH level and increased cortisol level may be independent risk factors for schizophrenia.CONCLUSION Thyroid hormone levels are associated with the severity of schizophrenia symptoms,which can provide new solutions for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Tracheal intubation(TI)is a fundamental procedure for securing the airway or assisting ventilation in emergency medicine.Tracheal intubation in the lateral position(TILP)has been utilized in clinical practi...BACKGROUND:Tracheal intubation(TI)is a fundamental procedure for securing the airway or assisting ventilation in emergency medicine.Tracheal intubation in the lateral position(TILP)has been utilized in clinical practice,demonstrating potential advantages in specific scenarios,including emergency settings.However,there is a lack of comprehensive reviews and practical protocols on TILP application.To address this gap,we performed a narrative review,and provided evidence-based recommendations to formulate a practice protocol,to assist clinicians to effectively apply TILP.METHODS:We conducted a narrative review of TILP applications and developed recommendations based on clinical research evidence and clinical experience.Delphi method was used among the TILP consortium to grade the strength of the recommendations and to help reach consensus.The practice protocols were formulated as warranted by advancements in medical knowledge,technology,and practice.RESULTS:This narrative review summarized the current evidence on TILP application,highlighting its safety,efficacy,challenges,and potential complications.In total,24 recommendations and a clinical protocol for TILP application in emergency patients were established.CONCLUSION:TILP is a valuable technique in emergency medicine.We reviewed its application in emergency settings and formulated recommendations along with a clinical practice protocol.Future studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TILP,broaden its scope of application,and explore effective training protocols.展开更多
Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three decades.Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ...Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three decades.Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ozone pollution as its major precursors.This study analyzed VOC characteristics of roadside,suburban,and rural sites in Hong Kong to investigate their compositions,concentrations,and source contributions.Herewe showthat the TVOC concentrations were 23.05±13.24,12.68±15.36,and 5.16±5.48 ppbv for roadside,suburban,and rural sites between May 2015 to June 2019,respectively.By using Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,six sources were identified at the roadside site over five years:Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)usage(33%–46%),gasoline evaporation(8%–31%),aged air mass(11%–28%),gasoline exhaust(5%–16%),diesel exhaust(2%–16%)and fuel filling(75–9%).Similarly,six sources were distinguished at the suburban site,including LPG usage(30%–33%),solvent usage(20%–26%),diesel exhaust(14%–26%),gasoline evaporation(8%–16%),aged air mass(4%–11%),and biogenic emissions(2%–5%).At the rural site,four sources were identified,including aged airmass(33%–51%),solvent usage(25%–30%),vehicular emissions(11%–28%),and biogenic emissions(6%–12%).The analysis further revealed that fuel filling and LPG usage were the primary contributors to OFP and OH reactivity at the roadside site,while solvent usage and biogenic emissions accounted for almost half of OFP and OH reactivity at the suburban and rural sites,respectively.These findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing VOC sources at different sites to help policymakers develop targeted measures for pollution mitigation in specific areas.展开更多
Currently,the BeiDou⁃3(BDS⁃3)precise point positioning(PPP)service(PPP⁃B2b)mostly employs the ionosphere⁃free(IF)combination model for precise timing,which tends to amplify the noise in observation values.To address t...Currently,the BeiDou⁃3(BDS⁃3)precise point positioning(PPP)service(PPP⁃B2b)mostly employs the ionosphere⁃free(IF)combination model for precise timing,which tends to amplify the noise in observation values.To address this issue,this paper proposes a real⁃time BDS⁃3 precise unidirectional timing model based on uncombined(UC)observations using the BDS⁃3 PPP⁃B2b service.This model resolves the challenge of the amplified observation noise inherent in the IF combination model.The experiment involved selecting eight global navigation satellite system(GNSS)observation stations within China and collecting continuous observation data for 15 d.A comparative analy⁃sis with the traditional dual⁃frequency IF combination PPP timing model showed that the BDS⁃3 UC PPP timing based on the BDS⁃3 PPP⁃B2b service can achieve a timing preci⁃sion of 0.5 ns.In addition,it was found that due to global positioning system(GPS)satellite clock products in the BDS⁃3 PPP⁃B2b service not being unified to the standard time,the GPS IF PPP timing method based on the BDS⁃3 PPP⁃B2b service is not recommended for precise timing.In summary,the BDS⁃3 UC PPP timing model proposed in this paper is suitable for precise timing,providing observa⁃tion values with smaller noise,and its timing accuracy is comparable to that of the BDS⁃3 IF PPP,with slightly better frequency stability.展开更多
Objectives:This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify and synthesize the factors correlated with posttraumatic growth(PTG)in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods:PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Ps...Objectives:This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify and synthesize the factors correlated with posttraumatic growth(PTG)in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods:PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,PsycINFO,CINAHL,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang database,China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP)and SinoMed were searched for studies that reported data on the correlated factors associated with PTG in patients with CRC from inception to September 3,2024.The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed via the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ)methodology checklist and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS).Pearson correlation coefficient(r)was utilized to indicate effect size.Meta-analysis was conducted in R Studio.Results:Thirty-one eligible studies encompassing 6,400 participants were included in this review.Correlated factors were identified to be significantly associated with PTG in patients with CRC including demographic factors:residential area(r=0.13),marital status(r=0.10),employment status(r=0.18),education level(r=0.19),income level(r=0.16);disease-related factors:time since surgery(r=0.17),stoma-related complications(r=0.14),health-promoting behavior(r=0.46),and sexual function(r=0.17);psychosocial factors:confrontation coping(r=0.68),avoidance coping(r=-0.65),deliberate rumination(r=0.56),social support(r=0.47),family function(r=0.50),resilience(r=0.53),selfefficacy(r=0.91),self-compassion(r=-0.32),psychosocial adjustment(r=0.39),gratitude(r=0.45),stigma(r=-0.65),self-perceived burden(r=-0.31),fear of cancer recurrence(r=-0.45);and quality of life(r=0.32).Conclusions:This meta-analysis identified 23 factors associated with PTG in CRC patients.Medical workers can combine those relevant factors from the perspective of positive psychology,further explore the occurrence and development mechanism of PTG,and establish targeted interventions to promote PTG.展开更多
In GNSS denied environments,pseudolites have to rely on prior information,such as ground anchoring points,terrain matching or other multi-source means for positioning.This paper proposes a method of dynamic networking...In GNSS denied environments,pseudolites have to rely on prior information,such as ground anchoring points,terrain matching or other multi-source means for positioning.This paper proposes a method of dynamic networking of UAVs pseudolites for accurate navigation with only inertial navigation during GNSS denied area,which can provide accurate positioning services without prior information like anchor points.On this basis,this paper proposes a mathematical model of UAV pseudolite networking to describe the relationship of UAV flight altitude,network service coverage and anti-jamming capabilities.This model demonstrates excellent anti-interference ability,which can achieve a maximum power enhancement of up to 54.58 dB.And it can also offer another operating mode with a maximum coverage range of up to 2675.47 km^(2),while still ensuring a power enhancement of 37.57dB.This method can effectively solve the problem of providing continuous positioning services as an alternative GNSS,and is also a powerful support solution for resilient Positioning,Navigation,and Timing(PNT)^([1]).展开更多
Mountainous areas are the priority for forest restoration in semiarid regions,with hillslopes serving as the basic units of mountains.Precipitation is the only water source in these regions,and the uneven distribution...Mountainous areas are the priority for forest restoration in semiarid regions,with hillslopes serving as the basic units of mountains.Precipitation is the only water source in these regions,and the uneven distribution of hillslope soil moisture replenishment after precipitation determines vegetation survival and growth.Therefore,in this study experiments were performed on a hillslope in the Liupan Mountains,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,to quantify the unevenness of soil moisture replenishment.Soil water content(SWC)in the 0–60 cm layer and precipitation were monitored throughout the growing season in 2020 and 2021.The results showed that(1)Annual soil moisture replenishment was the highest at the mid-slope position,with an average of 309.9 mm,especially under moderate and heavy rain grade conditions,reaching 38.7% and 30.8% of the total replenishment,respectively;(2)Vertical replenishment played a dominant role in the total replenishment,accounting for 82.8%;lateral replenishment played an important but lesser role,accounting for up to 17.2% of the total replenishment;(3)Based on a soil moisture replenishment model established in this study,the maximal replenishment occurred at 90 m from the top of the slope;(4)The dominant factors contributing to the soil moisture replenishment were rainfall amount and saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks).These findings suggest that attention should be given to both vertical and lateral soil moisture replenishment,and the mid-slope position could be preferred for site selection to achieve precise and integrated forest-water management on hillslopes in semi-arid mountainous regions.展开更多
文摘Pedestrian detection has been a hot spot in computer vision over the past decades due to the wide spectrum of promising applications,and the major challenge is false positives that occur during pedestrian detection.The emergence of various Convolutional Neural Network-based detection strategies substantially enhances pedestrian detection accuracy but still does not solve this problem well.This paper deeply analyzes the detection framework of the two-stage CNN detection methods and finds out false positives in detection results are due to its training strategy misclassifying some false proposals,thus weakening the classification capability of the following subnetwork and hardly suppressing false ones.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a pedestrian-sensitive training algorithm to help two-stage CNN detection methods effectively learn to distinguish the pedestrian and non-pedestrian samples and suppress the false positives in the final detection results.The core of the proposed algorithm is to redesign the training proposal generating scheme for the two-stage CNN detection methods,which can avoid a certain number of false ones that mislead its training process.With the help of the proposed algorithm,the detection accuracy of the MetroNext,a smaller and more accurate metro passenger detector,is further improved,which further decreases false ones in its metro passenger detection results.Based on various challenging benchmark datasets,experiment results have demonstrated that the feasibility of the proposed algorithm is effective in improving pedestrian detection accuracy by removing false positives.Compared with the existing state-of-the-art detection networks,PSTNet demonstrates better overall prediction performance in accuracy,total number of parameters,and inference time;thus,it can become a practical solution for hunting pedestrians on various hardware platforms,especially for mobile and edge devices.
基金the "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacio'n"(No.SAF2011-26983)the Plan Galego IDT(No.EM 2012/045)the grant from the Sistema Universitario Gallego-Modalidad REDES(No.2012-PG226,to A.Salas) from the Xunta de Galicia
文摘During the last decade, hundreds of studies have been pub- lished examining whether significant associations exist be- tween mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） variants and/or haplogroups （clades） and particular diseases （generally com- mon/complex diseases） （Fig. 1）. However, several authors have gathered evidence indicating a high incidence of false positive findings in mtDNA case-control association studies. Raule et al. （2007） and Herrnstadt and Howell （2004） showed various problems affecting mtDNA case-control association studies. Salas et al.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the reasons of false positives in Different Display Reverse Transcription（DDRT）analysis.[Method] Soybean varieties ＂Jilin 30＂ and ＂Tongnong 13＂ were used as materials to carry out analysis on false positives in DDRT analysis.[Result] An important origin of false positives appeared in DDRT analysis was the non-specific amplification caused by the combination of single primer and cDNA.The parallel PCR test of single primer should be set so as to verify whether the obtained fragments were the false positives or the PCR productions combined with single primer.[Conclusion] This study had provided basis for improving the success rate of DDRT experiment.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number:2021YFC3200102)Guiding Funds of Central Government for Supporting the Development of Local Science and Technology(grant number:2024ZY0128)Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health.
文摘The use of environmental DNA(eDNA)has significantly revolutionized studies in biodiversity science.A crucial innovation of eDNA-based biodiversity assessment is the ability to detect species through genetic materials released by organisms into their environments,without the need for direct observation or capture(i.e.,organisms remain“unseen”).The fact that organisms remain“unseen”has many pros and cons,many of which have been largely recognized and technically addressed or managed.However,two recent studies have both highlighted another critical issue regarding eDNA-based biodiversity assessments:the prevalence of overlooked eDNA contamination originating from human activities,such as the release of treated wastewater into aquatic ecosystems.Such eDNA contamination derived from human activities can lead to significant false positive errors in eDNA-based biodiversity assessments,particularly in human-disturbed ecosystems such as urban and coastal environments.Here I discuss the causes and consequences of eDNA contamination,stressing that this widespread but often neglected issue can substantially affect both eDNA-based theoretical studies and applied biodiversity management.Additionally,I propose several potential technical solutions to minimize its negative impacts,including well-designed sampling strategies,a deeper understanding of eDNA persistence and its spread in local waterbodies,and the use of environmental RNA(eRNA).Given that eDNA contamination can significantly impact ecosystems such as urban and coastal environments where biodiversity provides essential ecosystem services,I call for precautionary approaches and technical efforts to mitigate false positives derived from eDNA contamination in biodiversity assessments in these ecosystems.
基金Supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2023GXNSFAA026246)in part by the Central Government's Guide to Local Science and Technology Development Fund(GuikeZY23055044)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62363003)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘主题语境:人与自我--勤学善思,积极心态Hello!My name is Sam Burkett.I have been teaching English in China for 16 years.I feel happy and satisfied when my students achieve their goals.I will do my best to encourage students and help them grow.
文摘Annual haze in Northern Thailand has become increasingly severe,impacting health and the environment.How-ever,the sources of the haze remain poorly quantified due to limited observational data on aerosol molecular tracers.This study comprehensively investigates chemical composition of PM_(2.5),including both inorganic and organic compounds throughout haze and post-haze periods in 2019 at a rural site of Northern Thailand.Average PM_(2.5) concentrations during haze and post-haze period were 87±36 and 21±11μg/m^(3),respectively.Organic matter was the dominant contributor in PM_(2.5) mass,followed by water soluble inorganic ions and mineral dust.Molecular markers,including levoglucosan,dehydroabietic acid,and 4-nitrocatechol,and ions(Cl^(-),and K^(+)),were used to characterize low haze(PM_(2.5)<100μg/m^(3))and episodic haze(PM_(2.5)>100μg/m^(3)).Low haze is associated with local aerosols from agricultural waste burning,while episodic haze is linked to aged aerosols from mixed agricultural waste,softwood,and hardwood burning.Source apportionment incorporating these molecular markers in receptor modelling(Positive matrix factorization),identified three distinct biomass burning sources:mixed,local,and aged biomass burnings,contributing 31,19 and 13%of PM_(2.5) during haze period.During post-haze period,contributions shifted,with local biomass burning(32%)comparable to secondary sulfate(34%)and mixed dust and traffic sources(26%).These findings demonstrate that both regional and local sources con-tribute to severe haze,highlighting the need for integrated policies for cross-border cooperation as well as stricter regulations to reduce biomass burning in Northern Thailand and Southeast Asia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41975156)and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Oxidative potential(OP)can be used as an indicator of the health risks of particulate matter in the air.To study the variation and sources of OP,we conducted an observation of PM_(2.5) in a megacity in southern China in winter and spring of 2021.The results show that the average concentration of PM_(2.5) decreased by 47%from winter to spring,while volume-normalized and mass-normalized OP(i.e.,OP_(v) and OP_(m))increased by 6%and 69%,respectively.It suggests that the decline of PM_(2.5) may not necessarily decrease the health risks and the intrinsic toxicity of PM_(2.5).Variations of OP_(v) and OP_(m) among different periods were related to the different source contributions and environmental conditions.The positive matrix factorization model was used to identify the major sources of OP_(v).OP_(v) was mainly contributed by biomass burning/industrial emissions(29%),soil/road dust(20%),secondary sulfate(14%),and coal combustion(13%)in winter.Different major sources were resolved to be secondary sulfate(36%),biological sources(21%),and marine vessels(20%)in spring,presenting the substantial contribution of biological sources.The analysis shows strong associations between OP_(v) and both live and dead bacteria,further confirming the important contribution of bioaerosols to the enhancement of OP.This study highlights the importance of understanding OP in ambient PM_(2.5) in terms of public health impact and provides a new insight into the biological contribution to OP.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Medical Health Science and Technology Project(No.2021KY217)the Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(No.2024Y1221).
文摘AIM:To evaluate and compare alterations in the effective lens position(ELP)and refractive outcomes among three distinct intraocular lens(IOL)types.METHODS:Patients with cataracts were enrolled and allocated to 3 groups:Group A(implanted with the SN6CWS),Group B(implanted with the MI60),and Group C(implanted with the Aspira-aA).ELP measurements were obtained with swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)at 1d,1wk,1mo,and 3mo postoperatively.Subjective refraction assessments were conducted at 1wk,1mo,and 3mo following surgery.RESULTS:The study included 189 eyes of 150 cataract patients(66 males).There were 77 eyes in Group A,55 eyes in Group B,and 57 eyes in Group C.The root mean square of the ELP(ELPRMS)within the initial 3mo was significantly lower for Group A than for Groups B and C.Refractive changes within Group A were not significant across the time points of 1wk,1mo,and 3mo.Conversely,both Group B and Group C demonstrated statistically significant shifts toward hyperopia from 1wk to 3mo postsurgery.CONCLUSION:Among the three IOLs examined,the SN6CWS IOL showes the greatest stability during the first 3mo postoperatively.Between 1wk and 3mo after surgery,notable hyperopic shifts are evident in eyes implanted with the MI60 and Aspira-aA IOLs,whereas refractive outcomes remain relatively constant in eyes implanted with SN6CWS IOLs.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia(No.451-03-136/2025-03/200135)。
文摘Access to clean drinking water is essential for human health,economic development,and environmental sustain-ability.To effectively preserve water quality and ensure a safe and stable water supply,it is essential to determine the priority control factors of potentially hazardous elements in water.This study focused on public drinking wa-ter fountains in Zaječar City(Serbia),examining water hydrochemistry,quality,potential sources of hazardous elements,and the health risks associated with consumption or dermal exposure.Among all potentially hazardous elements,iron showed a deviation from the limit in drinking water prescribed by the World Health Organization,reaching 631μg/L.However,all samples were categorized as excellent quality for drinking.Water composition was governed by water-rock interactions,distinguishing Na-HCO_(3)as the dominant water type.A total of 3.3%and 6.6%of samples exceeded the threshold of 1 for non-carcinogenic health risk for adults and children,re-spectively,with the mean HIa value of 0.35 and the mean HIc value of 0.57.However,the carcinogenic risk was within the allowable limits for children,whereas it surpassed the threshold of 1.0×10^(–4)for adults in 10%of the samples.The positive matrix factorization model identified four sources responsible for water quality,i.e.,natural source,industrial source,sewage source,and agricultural source,with contributions of 37.1%,35.0%,17.8%,and 10.1%,respectively.The Monte Carlo simulation of source-specific health risks revealed that the industrial source was the main contributor to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks,attributed to its high arsenic load.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher
文摘Using variational method, the authors get an existence result for positive solutions of a superlinear elliptic boundary value problem without assuming the P.S. condition. To prove the results in this paper, the authors adopt the method of gradient flow and use a new class of truncation functions.
文摘Some comparison theorems of the non-existence of positive solutions are derived for a classof neutral type difference equations with positive and negative coefficients. These results extendand improve some comparison criteria obtained in the literature [1] and [2].
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher
文摘Using variational method, the authors get an existence result for positive solutions of a superlinear elliptic boundary value problem without assuming the P.S. condition. To prove the results in this paper, the authors adopt the method of gradient flow and use a new class of truncation functions.
文摘BACKGROUND The imbalance of hormone levels in the body is closely related to the occurrence and progression of schizophrenia,especially thyroid hormones.AIM To study the relationship between triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),free T3(FT3),free T4(FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)and schizophrenia.METHODS In this study,100 schizophrenia patients were selected from our hospital between April 2022 and April 2024.Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)score,patients were divided into mild(1-3 points,n=39),moderate(4 points,n=45),and severe groups(5-7 points,n=16).Additionally,55 healthy individuals served as a control group.Venous blood samples were collected to measure T3,T4,FT3,FT4,TSH,and cortisol concentrations,analyzing their relationship with PANSS scores.RESULTS The serum levels of T3,FT3,FT4,TSH and cortisol in the schizophrenia group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).With the increase of the severity of the disease,the concentrations of T3 and T4 decreased,while the con-centrations of TSH and cortisol increased(P<0.05).The concentrations of TSH and cortisol were positively correlated with the PANSS score,while T3 and T4 were negatively correlated with the PANSS score(P<0.05).The receiver ope-rating characteristic curve results showed that T3,T4,TSH,and cortisol had good efficacy in the diagnosis of schizophrenia.Logistic results showed that decreased T3 level,decreased T4 level,decreased TSH level and increased cortisol level may be independent risk factors for schizophrenia.CONCLUSION Thyroid hormone levels are associated with the severity of schizophrenia symptoms,which can provide new solutions for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20714 to XMF and 82102238 to PC)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Tracheal intubation(TI)is a fundamental procedure for securing the airway or assisting ventilation in emergency medicine.Tracheal intubation in the lateral position(TILP)has been utilized in clinical practice,demonstrating potential advantages in specific scenarios,including emergency settings.However,there is a lack of comprehensive reviews and practical protocols on TILP application.To address this gap,we performed a narrative review,and provided evidence-based recommendations to formulate a practice protocol,to assist clinicians to effectively apply TILP.METHODS:We conducted a narrative review of TILP applications and developed recommendations based on clinical research evidence and clinical experience.Delphi method was used among the TILP consortium to grade the strength of the recommendations and to help reach consensus.The practice protocols were formulated as warranted by advancements in medical knowledge,technology,and practice.RESULTS:This narrative review summarized the current evidence on TILP application,highlighting its safety,efficacy,challenges,and potential complications.In total,24 recommendations and a clinical protocol for TILP application in emergency patients were established.CONCLUSION:TILP is a valuable technique in emergency medicine.We reviewed its application in emergency settings and formulated recommendations along with a clinical practice protocol.Future studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TILP,broaden its scope of application,and explore effective training protocols.
基金supported by Hong Kong Environment Protection Department(Quotation Ref.18-06532)Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Fund(ITS/193/20FP)Hong Kong Research Grants Council(No.26304921).
文摘Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three decades.Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ozone pollution as its major precursors.This study analyzed VOC characteristics of roadside,suburban,and rural sites in Hong Kong to investigate their compositions,concentrations,and source contributions.Herewe showthat the TVOC concentrations were 23.05±13.24,12.68±15.36,and 5.16±5.48 ppbv for roadside,suburban,and rural sites between May 2015 to June 2019,respectively.By using Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,six sources were identified at the roadside site over five years:Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)usage(33%–46%),gasoline evaporation(8%–31%),aged air mass(11%–28%),gasoline exhaust(5%–16%),diesel exhaust(2%–16%)and fuel filling(75–9%).Similarly,six sources were distinguished at the suburban site,including LPG usage(30%–33%),solvent usage(20%–26%),diesel exhaust(14%–26%),gasoline evaporation(8%–16%),aged air mass(4%–11%),and biogenic emissions(2%–5%).At the rural site,four sources were identified,including aged airmass(33%–51%),solvent usage(25%–30%),vehicular emissions(11%–28%),and biogenic emissions(6%–12%).The analysis further revealed that fuel filling and LPG usage were the primary contributors to OFP and OH reactivity at the roadside site,while solvent usage and biogenic emissions accounted for almost half of OFP and OH reactivity at the suburban and rural sites,respectively.These findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing VOC sources at different sites to help policymakers develop targeted measures for pollution mitigation in specific areas.
基金The Basic Science Center Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42388102)the Jiangsu Province Natural Resources Science and Technology Project(No.JSZRKJ202404).
文摘Currently,the BeiDou⁃3(BDS⁃3)precise point positioning(PPP)service(PPP⁃B2b)mostly employs the ionosphere⁃free(IF)combination model for precise timing,which tends to amplify the noise in observation values.To address this issue,this paper proposes a real⁃time BDS⁃3 precise unidirectional timing model based on uncombined(UC)observations using the BDS⁃3 PPP⁃B2b service.This model resolves the challenge of the amplified observation noise inherent in the IF combination model.The experiment involved selecting eight global navigation satellite system(GNSS)observation stations within China and collecting continuous observation data for 15 d.A comparative analy⁃sis with the traditional dual⁃frequency IF combination PPP timing model showed that the BDS⁃3 UC PPP timing based on the BDS⁃3 PPP⁃B2b service can achieve a timing preci⁃sion of 0.5 ns.In addition,it was found that due to global positioning system(GPS)satellite clock products in the BDS⁃3 PPP⁃B2b service not being unified to the standard time,the GPS IF PPP timing method based on the BDS⁃3 PPP⁃B2b service is not recommended for precise timing.In summary,the BDS⁃3 UC PPP timing model proposed in this paper is suitable for precise timing,providing observa⁃tion values with smaller noise,and its timing accuracy is comparable to that of the BDS⁃3 IF PPP,with slightly better frequency stability.
基金supported by the‘Double First-Class’Construction Specialized Discipline Project at Zhejiang University(No HL2024012).
文摘Objectives:This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify and synthesize the factors correlated with posttraumatic growth(PTG)in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods:PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,PsycINFO,CINAHL,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang database,China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP)and SinoMed were searched for studies that reported data on the correlated factors associated with PTG in patients with CRC from inception to September 3,2024.The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed via the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ)methodology checklist and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS).Pearson correlation coefficient(r)was utilized to indicate effect size.Meta-analysis was conducted in R Studio.Results:Thirty-one eligible studies encompassing 6,400 participants were included in this review.Correlated factors were identified to be significantly associated with PTG in patients with CRC including demographic factors:residential area(r=0.13),marital status(r=0.10),employment status(r=0.18),education level(r=0.19),income level(r=0.16);disease-related factors:time since surgery(r=0.17),stoma-related complications(r=0.14),health-promoting behavior(r=0.46),and sexual function(r=0.17);psychosocial factors:confrontation coping(r=0.68),avoidance coping(r=-0.65),deliberate rumination(r=0.56),social support(r=0.47),family function(r=0.50),resilience(r=0.53),selfefficacy(r=0.91),self-compassion(r=-0.32),psychosocial adjustment(r=0.39),gratitude(r=0.45),stigma(r=-0.65),self-perceived burden(r=-0.31),fear of cancer recurrence(r=-0.45);and quality of life(r=0.32).Conclusions:This meta-analysis identified 23 factors associated with PTG in CRC patients.Medical workers can combine those relevant factors from the perspective of positive psychology,further explore the occurrence and development mechanism of PTG,and establish targeted interventions to promote PTG.
基金National Social Science Fund of China(No.2023-SKJJ-B-069).
文摘In GNSS denied environments,pseudolites have to rely on prior information,such as ground anchoring points,terrain matching or other multi-source means for positioning.This paper proposes a method of dynamic networking of UAVs pseudolites for accurate navigation with only inertial navigation during GNSS denied area,which can provide accurate positioning services without prior information like anchor points.On this basis,this paper proposes a mathematical model of UAV pseudolite networking to describe the relationship of UAV flight altitude,network service coverage and anti-jamming capabilities.This model demonstrates excellent anti-interference ability,which can achieve a maximum power enhancement of up to 54.58 dB.And it can also offer another operating mode with a maximum coverage range of up to 2675.47 km^(2),while still ensuring a power enhancement of 37.57dB.This method can effectively solve the problem of providing continuous positioning services as an alternative GNSS,and is also a powerful support solution for resilient Positioning,Navigation,and Timing(PNT)^([1]).
基金financially supported by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAFYBB2021ZW002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1300404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2005)。
文摘Mountainous areas are the priority for forest restoration in semiarid regions,with hillslopes serving as the basic units of mountains.Precipitation is the only water source in these regions,and the uneven distribution of hillslope soil moisture replenishment after precipitation determines vegetation survival and growth.Therefore,in this study experiments were performed on a hillslope in the Liupan Mountains,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,to quantify the unevenness of soil moisture replenishment.Soil water content(SWC)in the 0–60 cm layer and precipitation were monitored throughout the growing season in 2020 and 2021.The results showed that(1)Annual soil moisture replenishment was the highest at the mid-slope position,with an average of 309.9 mm,especially under moderate and heavy rain grade conditions,reaching 38.7% and 30.8% of the total replenishment,respectively;(2)Vertical replenishment played a dominant role in the total replenishment,accounting for 82.8%;lateral replenishment played an important but lesser role,accounting for up to 17.2% of the total replenishment;(3)Based on a soil moisture replenishment model established in this study,the maximal replenishment occurred at 90 m from the top of the slope;(4)The dominant factors contributing to the soil moisture replenishment were rainfall amount and saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks).These findings suggest that attention should be given to both vertical and lateral soil moisture replenishment,and the mid-slope position could be preferred for site selection to achieve precise and integrated forest-water management on hillslopes in semi-arid mountainous regions.
