The occurrence of geogenic arsenic(As)in groundwater is a global public health concern.However,there remain large gaps in groundwater As data,making it difficult to identify non-compliant domestic wells,partly due to ...The occurrence of geogenic arsenic(As)in groundwater is a global public health concern.However,there remain large gaps in groundwater As data,making it difficult to identify non-compliant domestic wells,partly due to lack of low-cost methods capable of rapid As analysis.Therefore,the development of high through-put and reliable on-site determination methods for inorganic As is essential.Herein,a portable automated analyzer was developed for the determination of arsenite(As(Ⅲ)),arsenate(As(Ⅴ))and phosphate in As contaminated groundwater based on a previously adapted method for molybdenum blue spectrophotometry.After the optimization of the chemical reactions and flow manifold,the system demonstrated a high sample through-put(4.8/h for As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ)and phosphate analysis),allowing this system to screen 125 samples in 24 h.Other advantages include low operational costs(0.3 CNY per sample),appropriate sensitivity for contaminated groundwater(detection limits of 4.7μg/L,8.3μg/L and 5.4μg/L for As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ)and phosphate,respectively),good linearity(R^(2)>0.9996 at As concentrations up to 1600μg/L)and high precision(relative standard deviations of 3.5% and 2.8% for As(Ⅲ)and As(Ⅴ),respectively).The portable system was successfully used for As speciation analysis in 5 groundwater samples collected from multi-level wells at Yinchuan Plain,northwestern China,with total As concentrations ranging from 75.7 to 295.0μg/L,independently assessing As speciation,providing a promising novel method for the rapid on-site screening of As in tens of millions of domestic wells worldwide.展开更多
This study proposed the design, fabrication, and assembly of membrane integrity detection instruments in membrane bioreactors (MBR) based on fluorescence spectroscopy. Based on the PARAFAC model, we found that the pea...This study proposed the design, fabrication, and assembly of membrane integrity detection instruments in membrane bioreactors (MBR) based on fluorescence spectroscopy. Based on the PARAFAC model, we found that the peak at 280/335 nm strengthened after membrane breakage. The peak at 340/430 nm reflected the sludge concentration in the MBR and reduced the influence of internal filtration effects on detection. Therefore, we determined that the dual-LED light source excitation detection system can detect tryptophan-like substances at 280 nm (T-peak) and humic acid at 340 nm (C-peak). T-peak was identified as the core index indicating membrane integrity. Moreover, the C-peak is the reference indicator factor for a sensitive response to changes in the sludge concentration. The portable fluorescence instrument exhibited high sensitivity and good feedback accuracy compared to particle counting and turbidity detection, where the log reduction value was greater than 3.5. This overcomes the disadvantage of false alarms in particle counters and is not affected by the position of the pump system. This portable instrument provides a flexible and highly sensitive method for the assessment of industrial membrane integrity.展开更多
The quantification of immune cell subpopulations in blood is important for the diagnosis,prognosis and management of various diseases and medical conditions.Flow cytometry is currently the gold standard technique for ...The quantification of immune cell subpopulations in blood is important for the diagnosis,prognosis and management of various diseases and medical conditions.Flow cytometry is currently the gold standard technique for cell quantification;however,it is laborious,time-consuming and relies on bulky/expensive instrumentation,limiting its use to laboratories in high-resource settings.Microfluidic cytometers offering enhanced portability have been developed that are capable of rapid cell quantification;however,these platforms involve tedious sample preparation and processing protocols and/or require the use of specialized/expensive instrumentation for flow control and cell detection.Here,we report an artificial intelligence-enabled microfluidic cytometer for rapid CD4^(+)T cell quantification in whole blood requiring minimal sample preparation and instrumentation.CD4^(+)T cells in blood are labeled with anti-CD4 antibody-coated microbeads,which are driven through a microfluidic chip via gravity-driven slug flow,enabling pump-free operation.A video of the sample flowing in the chip is recorded using a microscope camera,which is analyzed using a convolutional neural network-based model that is trained to detect bead-labeled cells in the blood flow.The functionality of this platform was evaluated by analyzing fingerprick blood samples obtained from healthy donors,which revealed its ability to quantify CD4^(+)T cells with similar accuracy as flow cytometry(<10%deviation between both methods)while being at least 4×faster,less expensive,and simpler to operate.We envision that this platform can be readily modified to quantify other cell subpopulations in blood by using beads coated with different antibodies,making it a promising tool for performing cell count measurements outside of laboratories and in low-resource settings.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2020J06008)for Distinguished Young Scholarsthe Fujian Provincial Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Special Project(No.2022L3078).
文摘The occurrence of geogenic arsenic(As)in groundwater is a global public health concern.However,there remain large gaps in groundwater As data,making it difficult to identify non-compliant domestic wells,partly due to lack of low-cost methods capable of rapid As analysis.Therefore,the development of high through-put and reliable on-site determination methods for inorganic As is essential.Herein,a portable automated analyzer was developed for the determination of arsenite(As(Ⅲ)),arsenate(As(Ⅴ))and phosphate in As contaminated groundwater based on a previously adapted method for molybdenum blue spectrophotometry.After the optimization of the chemical reactions and flow manifold,the system demonstrated a high sample through-put(4.8/h for As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ)and phosphate analysis),allowing this system to screen 125 samples in 24 h.Other advantages include low operational costs(0.3 CNY per sample),appropriate sensitivity for contaminated groundwater(detection limits of 4.7μg/L,8.3μg/L and 5.4μg/L for As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ)and phosphate,respectively),good linearity(R^(2)>0.9996 at As concentrations up to 1600μg/L)and high precision(relative standard deviations of 3.5% and 2.8% for As(Ⅲ)and As(Ⅴ),respectively).The portable system was successfully used for As speciation analysis in 5 groundwater samples collected from multi-level wells at Yinchuan Plain,northwestern China,with total As concentrations ranging from 75.7 to 295.0μg/L,independently assessing As speciation,providing a promising novel method for the rapid on-site screening of As in tens of millions of domestic wells worldwide.
基金supported by the Research Agricultural Project of Tianjin(China)(No.JBGG202207)the support of Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University(China)(No.TGCYY-F-0103)Beijing Nova Program(China)(No.Z201100006820040).
文摘This study proposed the design, fabrication, and assembly of membrane integrity detection instruments in membrane bioreactors (MBR) based on fluorescence spectroscopy. Based on the PARAFAC model, we found that the peak at 280/335 nm strengthened after membrane breakage. The peak at 340/430 nm reflected the sludge concentration in the MBR and reduced the influence of internal filtration effects on detection. Therefore, we determined that the dual-LED light source excitation detection system can detect tryptophan-like substances at 280 nm (T-peak) and humic acid at 340 nm (C-peak). T-peak was identified as the core index indicating membrane integrity. Moreover, the C-peak is the reference indicator factor for a sensitive response to changes in the sludge concentration. The portable fluorescence instrument exhibited high sensitivity and good feedback accuracy compared to particle counting and turbidity detection, where the log reduction value was greater than 3.5. This overcomes the disadvantage of false alarms in particle counters and is not affected by the position of the pump system. This portable instrument provides a flexible and highly sensitive method for the assessment of industrial membrane integrity.
基金supported in part by the National Institutes of Health(R21CA283852)a Rice University COVID-19 Research Award(U50807).
文摘The quantification of immune cell subpopulations in blood is important for the diagnosis,prognosis and management of various diseases and medical conditions.Flow cytometry is currently the gold standard technique for cell quantification;however,it is laborious,time-consuming and relies on bulky/expensive instrumentation,limiting its use to laboratories in high-resource settings.Microfluidic cytometers offering enhanced portability have been developed that are capable of rapid cell quantification;however,these platforms involve tedious sample preparation and processing protocols and/or require the use of specialized/expensive instrumentation for flow control and cell detection.Here,we report an artificial intelligence-enabled microfluidic cytometer for rapid CD4^(+)T cell quantification in whole blood requiring minimal sample preparation and instrumentation.CD4^(+)T cells in blood are labeled with anti-CD4 antibody-coated microbeads,which are driven through a microfluidic chip via gravity-driven slug flow,enabling pump-free operation.A video of the sample flowing in the chip is recorded using a microscope camera,which is analyzed using a convolutional neural network-based model that is trained to detect bead-labeled cells in the blood flow.The functionality of this platform was evaluated by analyzing fingerprick blood samples obtained from healthy donors,which revealed its ability to quantify CD4^(+)T cells with similar accuracy as flow cytometry(<10%deviation between both methods)while being at least 4×faster,less expensive,and simpler to operate.We envision that this platform can be readily modified to quantify other cell subpopulations in blood by using beads coated with different antibodies,making it a promising tool for performing cell count measurements outside of laboratories and in low-resource settings.
