Although the existing legal norms and judicial practic-es can provide basic guidance for the right to personal data portabili-ty, it can be concluded that there are obstacles to the realization of this right through e...Although the existing legal norms and judicial practic-es can provide basic guidance for the right to personal data portabili-ty, it can be concluded that there are obstacles to the realization of this right through empirical research of the privacy policies of 66 mobile apps, such as whether they have stipulations on the right to personal data portability, whether they are able to derive copies of personal in-formation automatically, whether there are textual examples, whether ID verification is required, whether the copied documents are encrypt-ed, and whether the scope of personal information involved is consis-tent. This gap in practice, on the one hand, reflects the misunderstand-ing of the right to personal data portability, and on the other hand, is a result of the negative externalities, practical costs and technical lim-itations of the right to personal data portability. Based on rethinking the right to data portability, we can somehow solve practical problems concerning the right to personal data portability through multiple measures such as promoting the fulfillment of this right by legislation, optimizing technology-oriented operations, refining response process mechanisms, and enhancing system interoperability.展开更多
Inter-networking Mobile Number Portability(MNP) is an important way to promote the development of new telecom services.For the congestion that always occurs on the MNP query nodes,this paper proposes a Q-learning-base...Inter-networking Mobile Number Portability(MNP) is an important way to promote the development of new telecom services.For the congestion that always occurs on the MNP query nodes,this paper proposes a Q-learning-based inter-networking mobile number portability congestion control mechanism,taking the node queue delay and query service stability as the control targets,based on the optimal decision which is made over mobile user number portability query through self-adaptive connection admission control.The simulation and analysis show that,compared with tail-drop,random early detection and other mechanisms,this mechanism realizes a smoother and more regular queue size when the load is relatively light;and maintains a relatively low and stable queue size with relatively small loss when the load is relatively heavy,thus improving QoS and increasing network throughput at lower cost.展开更多
Taking ARM as the hardware platform, the embedded system is built from both hardware and software aspects with the application as the center. In the hardware design, build the hardware platform scheme, design the sche...Taking ARM as the hardware platform, the embedded system is built from both hardware and software aspects with the application as the center. In the hardware design, build the hardware platform scheme, design the schematic diagram as well as PCB, complete the hardware debugging, and ensure the system hardware platform function;in the software design, optimize the three-stage pipeline structure of ARM instruction system, design the instruction set, install the embedded system on the virtual machine, build the cross-toolchain, and set up the correct NFS network file system. Finish the design of the ARM-based embedded system platform, combined with the hardware requirements of the experimental platform, transplant the powerful Uboot as the Bootloader of the system, and further transplant the Linux-2.6. 32 kernel to the system start the operation normally, and finally, build the root file to finish the study of its portability.展开更多
The right to data portability is an essential part of personal data protection in the booming era of big data,which is closely related to our work and lives,as it may play a crucial role in safeguarding self-determina...The right to data portability is an essential part of personal data protection in the booming era of big data,which is closely related to our work and lives,as it may play a crucial role in safeguarding self-determination right of the data subject and foster a favorable environment for the players in a fair competition market.However,the implementation of the right to data portability in China is still in its infancy,fraught with complexities and uncertainties.This paper studies the right to data portability in China based on the Personal Information Protection Law,and explores its development,current status and potential impact in China.Moreover,it conducts a comparative analysis of the EU and US experience,mostly from the legislative perspective,to better understand practices in the world.In addition,this paper puts forward some specific suggestions on implementing the right to data portability,hoping that the right to data portability can be fully guaranteed in our real life.展开更多
Traditional spectrophotometers have a large volume and slow scanning speed,which limits their applicability for rapid on-site detection.Herein,a micro-spectrophotometer(named ATOM)is fabricated,and its performance is ...Traditional spectrophotometers have a large volume and slow scanning speed,which limits their applicability for rapid on-site detection.Herein,a micro-spectrophotometer(named ATOM)is fabricated,and its performance is verified in water quality testing.An M-type Czerny-Turner light path structure,a broadband light emitting diode(LED)light source,and a linear charge-coupled device(CCD)photodetector were adopted in ATOM.The performance of ATOM was validated through iron content determination by using o-phenanthroline spectrophotometry.The experiment results showed that the linear correlation coefficient of determination R^(2) was 0.9997 for mass concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.0μg/mL.The relative standard deviation was 0.37%,and the relative error compared to a commercial large-scale spectrophotometer was below 1.4%.The dimensions of ATOM are 75 mm×60 mm×25 mm,with hardware costs of approximately 1000 CNY.ATOM features compact size,low cost,rapid measurement,high integration and high precision,making it suitable for portable on-site rapid detection.展开更多
Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by...Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by using portable diagnostic devices,avoiding sending samples to the medical laboratories.It has been extensively explored for diagnosing and monitoring patients’diseases and health conditions with the assistance of development in biochemistry and microfluidics.Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices(μPADs)have gained dramatic popularity in POCT because of their simplicity,user-friendly,fast and accurate result reading and low cost.SeveralμPADs have been successfully commercialized and received excellent feedback during the past several decades.This review briefly discusses the main types ofμPADs,preparation methods and their detection principles,followed by a few representative examples.The future perspectives of the development inμPADs are also provided.展开更多
Background and Objective Electromagnetic navigation technology has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the accuracy and safety of neurosurgical procedures.However,traditional electromagnetic navigation sys...Background and Objective Electromagnetic navigation technology has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the accuracy and safety of neurosurgical procedures.However,traditional electromagnetic navigation systems face challenges such as high equipment costs,complex operation,bulky size,and insufficient anti-interference performance.To address these limitations,our study developed and validated a novel portable electromagnetic neuronavigation system designed to improve the precision,accessibility,and clinical applicability of electromagnetic navigation technology in cranial surgery.Methods The software and hardware architecture of a portable neural magnetic navigation system was designed.The key technologies of the system were analysed,including electromagnetic positioning algorithms,miniaturized sensor design,optimization of electromagnetic positioning and navigation algorithms,anti-interference signal processing methods,and fast three-dimensional reconstruction algorithms.A prototype was developed,and its accuracy was tested.Finally,a preliminary clinical application evaluation was conducted.Results This study successfully developed a comprehensive portable electromagnetic neuronavigation system capable of achieving preoperative planning,intraoperative real-time positioning and navigation,and postoperative evaluation of navigation outcomes.Through rigorous collaborative testing of the system’s software and hardware,the accuracy of electromagnetic neuronavigation has been validated to meet clinical requirements.Conclusions This study developed a portable neuroelectromagnetic navigation system and validated its effectiveness and safety through rigorous model testing and preliminary clinical applications.The system is characterized by its compact size,high precision,excellent portability,and user-friendly operation,making it highly valuable for promoting navigation technology and advancing the precision and minimally invasive nature of neurosurgical procedures.展开更多
OpenCL is an open heterogeneous programming framework. Although OpenCL programs are func- tionally portable, they do not provide performance portability, so code transformation often plays an irreplaceable role. When ...OpenCL is an open heterogeneous programming framework. Although OpenCL programs are func- tionally portable, they do not provide performance portability, so code transformation often plays an irreplaceable role. When adapting GPU-specific OpenCL kernels to run on multi-core/many-core CPUs, coarsening the thread granularity is necessary and thus has been extensively used. However, locality concerns exposed in GPU-specific OpenCL code are usually inherited without analysis, which may give side-effects on the CPU performance. Typi- cally, the use of OpenCL＇s local memory on multi-core/many-core CPUs may lead to an opposite performance effect, because local-memory arrays no longer match well with the hardware and the associated synchronizations are costly. To solve this dilemma, we actively analyze the memory access patterns using array-access descriptors derived from GPU-specific kernels, which can thus be adapted for CPUs by （1） removing all the unwanted local-memory arrays together with the obsolete barrier statements and （2） optimizing the coalesced kernel code with vectorization and locality re-exploitation. Moreover, we have developed an automated tool chain that makes this transformation of GPU-specific OpenCL kernels into a CPU-friendly form, which is accompanied with a scheduler that forms a new OpenCL runtime. Experiments show that the automated transformation can improve OpenCL kernel performance on a multi-core CPU by an average factor of 3.24. Satisfactory performance improvements axe also achieved on Intel＇s many-integrated-core coprocessor. The resultant performance on both architectures is better than or comparable with the corresponding OpenMP performance.展开更多
Graphics processing units （GPU） have taken an important role in the general purpose computing market in recent years. At present, the common approach to programming GPU units is to write CPU specific code with low l...Graphics processing units （GPU） have taken an important role in the general purpose computing market in recent years. At present, the common approach to programming GPU units is to write CPU specific code with low level GPU APIs such as CUDA. Although this approach can achieve good performance, it creates serious portability issues as programmers are required to write a specific version of the code for each potential target architecture. This results in high development and maintenance costs. We believe it is desirable to have a programming model which provides source code portability between CPUs and GPUs, as well as different GPUs. This would allow programmers to write one version of the code, which can be compiled and executed on either CPUs or GPUs efficiently without modification. In this paper, we propose MapCG, a MapReduce framework to provide source code level portability between CPUs and GPUs. In contrast to other approaches such as OpenCL, our framework, based on MapReduce, provides a high level programming model and makes programming much easier. We describe the design of MapCG, including the MapReduce-style high-level programming framework and the runtime system on the CPU and GPU. A prototype of the MapCG runtime, supporting multi-core CPUs and NVIDIA GPUs, was implemented. Our experimental results show that this implementation can execute the same source code efficiently on multi-core CPU platforms and GPUs, achieving an average speedup of 1.6-2.5x over previous implementations of MapReduce on eight commonly used applications.展开更多
Traditional diagnostic tools for depression,such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9,are susceptible to subjective bias,increasing the risk of misdiagnosis and emphasizing the critical need for objective biomarkers....Traditional diagnostic tools for depression,such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9,are susceptible to subjective bias,increasing the risk of misdiagnosis and emphasizing the critical need for objective biomarkers.This minireview evaluates the emerging role of portable electroencephalography(EEG)as a cost-effective,accessible solution for early depression detection.By synthesizing findings from 45 studies(selected from 764 screened articles),we highlight EEG’s capacity to identify aberrant neural oscillations associated with core depressive symptoms,including anhedonia,excessive guilt,and persistent low mood.Advances in portable systems demonstrate promising classification accuracy when integrated with machine learning algorithms,with long short-term memory models achieving>90%accuracy in recent trials.However,persistent challenges,such as signal quality variability,motion artifacts,and limited clinical validation,hinder widespread adoption.Further innovation in sensor optimization,multimodal data integration,and real-world clinical trials is essential to translate portable EEG into a reliable diagnostic tool.This minireview underscores the transformative potential of neurotechnology in psychiatry while advocating for rigorous standard ization to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice.展开更多
The occurrence of geogenic arsenic(As)in groundwater is a global public health concern.However,there remain large gaps in groundwater As data,making it difficult to identify non-compliant domestic wells,partly due to ...The occurrence of geogenic arsenic(As)in groundwater is a global public health concern.However,there remain large gaps in groundwater As data,making it difficult to identify non-compliant domestic wells,partly due to lack of low-cost methods capable of rapid As analysis.Therefore,the development of high through-put and reliable on-site determination methods for inorganic As is essential.Herein,a portable automated analyzer was developed for the determination of arsenite(As(Ⅲ)),arsenate(As(Ⅴ))and phosphate in As contaminated groundwater based on a previously adapted method for molybdenum blue spectrophotometry.After the optimization of the chemical reactions and flow manifold,the system demonstrated a high sample through-put(4.8/h for As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ)and phosphate analysis),allowing this system to screen 125 samples in 24 h.Other advantages include low operational costs(0.3 CNY per sample),appropriate sensitivity for contaminated groundwater(detection limits of 4.7μg/L,8.3μg/L and 5.4μg/L for As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ)and phosphate,respectively),good linearity(R^(2)>0.9996 at As concentrations up to 1600μg/L)and high precision(relative standard deviations of 3.5% and 2.8% for As(Ⅲ)and As(Ⅴ),respectively).The portable system was successfully used for As speciation analysis in 5 groundwater samples collected from multi-level wells at Yinchuan Plain,northwestern China,with total As concentrations ranging from 75.7 to 295.0μg/L,independently assessing As speciation,providing a promising novel method for the rapid on-site screening of As in tens of millions of domestic wells worldwide.展开更多
The growing threat of malware,particularly in the Portable Executable(PE)format,demands more effective methods for detection and classification.Machine learning-based approaches exhibit their potential but often negle...The growing threat of malware,particularly in the Portable Executable(PE)format,demands more effective methods for detection and classification.Machine learning-based approaches exhibit their potential but often neglect semantic segmentation of malware files that can improve classification performance.This research applies deep learning to malware detection,using Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures adapted to work with semantically extracted data to classify malware into malware families.Starting from the Malconv model,this study introduces modifications to adapt it to multi-classification tasks and improve its performance.It proposes a new innovative method that focuses on byte extraction from Portable Executable(PE)malware files based on their semantic location,resulting in higher accuracy in malware classification than traditional methods using full-byte sequences.This novel approach evaluates the importance of each semantic segment to improve classification accuracy.The results revealed that the header segment of PE files provides the most valuable information for malware identification,outperforming the other sections,and achieving an average classification accuracy of 99.54%.The above reaffirms the effectiveness of the semantic segmentation approach and highlights the critical role header data plays in improving malware detection and classification accuracy.展开更多
From energy generation to transportation,from energy distribution to storage,from semiconductor processing to communications,and from portable devices to data centers,energy consumption has grown to be a major limitat...From energy generation to transportation,from energy distribution to storage,from semiconductor processing to communications,and from portable devices to data centers,energy consumption has grown to be a major limitation to usability and performance.Therefore,energy-efficient technologies become an active research area motivated by energy necessity and environmental concerns.With energy-efficient technologies,a number of epoch-making technical approaches can be expected.Energy efficiency technologies are affecting all forms of energy conversion and all aspects of life.展开更多
Lactate,as a metabolite,plays a significant role in a number of fields,including medical diagnostics,exercise physiology and food science.Traditional methods for lactate measurement often involve expensive and cumbers...Lactate,as a metabolite,plays a significant role in a number of fields,including medical diagnostics,exercise physiology and food science.Traditional methods for lactate measurement often involve expensive and cumbersome instrumentation.This study developed a portable and low-cost lactate measurement system,including independently detectable hardware circuits and user-friendly embedded software,computer,and smartphone applications.The experiment verified that the relative error of the detection current in the device circuit was less than 1%.The electrochemical performance was measured by comparing the[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3−)/[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(4−)solution with the desktop electrochemical workstation CHI660E,and a nearly consistent chronoamperometry(CA)curve was obtained.Two modified lactate sensors were used for CA testing of lactate.Within the concentration range of 0.1 mmol·L^(−1)to 20 mmol·L^(−1),there was a good linear relationship between lactate concentration and steady-state current,with a correlation coefficient(R2)greater than 0.99 and good repeatability,demonstrating the reliability of the developed device.The lactate measurement system developed in this study not only provides excellent detection performance and reliability,but also achieves portability and low cost,providing a new solution for lactate measurement.展开更多
Penetration testing plays a critical role in ensuring security in an increasingly interconnected world. Despite advancements in technology leading to smaller, more portable devices, penetration testing remains reliant...Penetration testing plays a critical role in ensuring security in an increasingly interconnected world. Despite advancements in technology leading to smaller, more portable devices, penetration testing remains reliant on traditional laptops and computers, which, while portable, lack true ultra-portability. This paper explores the potential impact of developing a dedicated, ultra-portable, low-cost device for on-the-go penetration testing. Such a device could replicate the core functionalities of advanced penetration testing tools, including those found in Kali Linux, within a compact form factor that fits easily into a pocket. By offering the convenience and portability akin to a smartphone, this innovative device could redefine the way penetration testers operate, enabling them to carry essential tools wherever they go and ensuring they are always prepared to conduct security assessments efficiently. This approach aims to revolutionize penetration testing by merging high functionality with unparalleled portability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Conventional reusable endoscopes have high disinfection costs because of their large size.In this study,we compared the effectiveness,safety,and operation performance of the portable disposable large-channe...BACKGROUND Conventional reusable endoscopes have high disinfection costs because of their large size.In this study,we compared the effectiveness,safety,and operation performance of the portable disposable large-channel endoscope that we developed with those of a conventional gastroscope in endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).AIM To compare two gastroscopes in ESD for effectiveness and safety.METHODS Ten Bama pigs were subjected to gastroscopy and ESD after general anesthesia.The experiment was completed by four experienced endoscopists.First,two endoscopists randomly selected the portable disposable large-channel or conventional gastroscope to complete gastroscopy procedures.The other two endoscopists assessed the quality of endoscopic images.After endoscopy,all of the endoscopists randomly used the portable disposable large-channel endoscope or the conventional gastroscope for ESD.Endoscopic operation performance,submucosal dissection time,total procedure time,total submucosal injection volume,specimen size,success rate of en bloc resection,muscular injury rate,and complications were compared between the endoscopes.RESULTS No significant differences in gastroscopy duration or in the integrity,sharpness,saturation,and brightness of the gastroscopic images were observed between the gastroscopes.For ESD,no significant differences in endoscopic operation performance,incision time,submucosal dissection time,total procedure time,total submucosal injection volume,specimen size,or success rate of en bloc resection were observed between the gastroscopes.Neither gastroscope caused muscular injury or treatment-related complica-tions.CONCLUSION The portable disposable large-channel endoscope can be used safely and effectively for gastroscopy and treatment.展开更多
The multiple nuclides identification algorithm with low consumption and strong robustness is crucial for rapid radioactive source searching.This study investigates the design of a low-consumption multiple nuclides ide...The multiple nuclides identification algorithm with low consumption and strong robustness is crucial for rapid radioactive source searching.This study investigates the design of a low-consumption multiple nuclides identification algorithm for portable gamma spectrometers.First,the gamma spectra of 12 target nuclides(including the background case)were measured to create training datasets.The characteristic energies,obtained through energy calibration and full-energy peak addresses,are utilized as input features for a neural network.A large number of single-and multiple-nuclide training datasets are generated using random combinations and small-range drifting.Subsequently,a multi-label classification neural network based on a binary cross-entropy loss function is applied to export the existence probability of certain nuclides.The designed algorithm effectively reduces the computation time and storage space required by the neural network and has been successfully implemented in a portable gamma spectrometer with a running time of t_(r)<2 s.Results show that,in both validation and actual tests,the identification accuracy of the designed algorithm reaches 94.8%,for gamma spectra with a dose rate of d≈0.5μSv∕h and a measurement time t_(m)=60 s.This improves the ability to perform rapid on-site nuclide identification at important sites.展开更多
To mitigate the catastrophic impacts of climate change,many measures and strategies have been designed and implemented to encourage people to change their daily behaviors for a low-carbon society transition.However,mo...To mitigate the catastrophic impacts of climate change,many measures and strategies have been designed and implemented to encourage people to change their daily behaviors for a low-carbon society transition.However,most people generate carbon emissions through their daily activities in space and time.They are also exposed to multiple environmental factors(e.g.,air pollution,noise,and greenspace).Changing people’s behaviors to reduce carbon emissions can also influence their multiple environmental exposures and further influence their health outcomes.Thus,this study seeks to examine the associations between individuals’daily carbon footprints and their exposures to multiple environmental factors(i.e.,air pollution,noise,and greenspace)across different spa-tial and temporal contexts using individual-level data collected by portable real-time sensors,an activity-travel diary,and a questionnaire from four communities in Hong Kong.The results first indicated that individuals’car-bon footprints of daily activities varied across different spatial and temporal contexts,with home and nighttime having the highest estimated carbon footprints.We also found that activity carbon footprints have a positive asso-ciation with PM2.5,which is particularly strong at home and from morning to nighttime,and mixed associations with noise(positive at home and nighttime,while negative in other places and during travel,from morning to afternoon).Besides,carbon footprints also have consistent negative associations with shrubland and woodland across different spatial and temporal contexts.The findings can provide essential insights into effective measures for promoting the transition to a low-carbon society.展开更多
This paper presents our endeavors in developing the large-scale, ultra-high-resolution E3SM Land Model (uELM), specifically designed for exascale computers furnished with accelerators such as Nvidia GPUs. The uELM is ...This paper presents our endeavors in developing the large-scale, ultra-high-resolution E3SM Land Model (uELM), specifically designed for exascale computers furnished with accelerators such as Nvidia GPUs. The uELM is a sophisticated code that substantially relies on High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments, necessitating particular machine and software configurations. To facilitate community-based uELM developments employing GPUs, we have created a portable, standalone software environment preconfigured with uELM input datasets, simulation cases, and source code. This environment, utilizing Docker, encompasses all essential code, libraries, and system software for uELM development on GPUs. It also features a functional unit test framework and an offline model testbed for comprehensive numerical experiments. From a technical perspective, the paper discusses GPU-ready container generations, uELM code management, and input data distribution across computational platforms. Lastly, the paper demonstrates the use of environment for functional unit testing, end-to-end simulation on CPUs and GPUs, and collaborative code development.展开更多
基金the current result of the “research on the basic category system of contemporary Chinese digital law” (23&ZD154), a major project of the National Social Science Fund of China.
文摘Although the existing legal norms and judicial practic-es can provide basic guidance for the right to personal data portabili-ty, it can be concluded that there are obstacles to the realization of this right through empirical research of the privacy policies of 66 mobile apps, such as whether they have stipulations on the right to personal data portability, whether they are able to derive copies of personal in-formation automatically, whether there are textual examples, whether ID verification is required, whether the copied documents are encrypt-ed, and whether the scope of personal information involved is consis-tent. This gap in practice, on the one hand, reflects the misunderstand-ing of the right to personal data portability, and on the other hand, is a result of the negative externalities, practical costs and technical lim-itations of the right to personal data portability. Based on rethinking the right to data portability, we can somehow solve practical problems concerning the right to personal data portability through multiple measures such as promoting the fulfillment of this right by legislation, optimizing technology-oriented operations, refining response process mechanisms, and enhancing system interoperability.
文摘Inter-networking Mobile Number Portability(MNP) is an important way to promote the development of new telecom services.For the congestion that always occurs on the MNP query nodes,this paper proposes a Q-learning-based inter-networking mobile number portability congestion control mechanism,taking the node queue delay and query service stability as the control targets,based on the optimal decision which is made over mobile user number portability query through self-adaptive connection admission control.The simulation and analysis show that,compared with tail-drop,random early detection and other mechanisms,this mechanism realizes a smoother and more regular queue size when the load is relatively light;and maintains a relatively low and stable queue size with relatively small loss when the load is relatively heavy,thus improving QoS and increasing network throughput at lower cost.
文摘Taking ARM as the hardware platform, the embedded system is built from both hardware and software aspects with the application as the center. In the hardware design, build the hardware platform scheme, design the schematic diagram as well as PCB, complete the hardware debugging, and ensure the system hardware platform function;in the software design, optimize the three-stage pipeline structure of ARM instruction system, design the instruction set, install the embedded system on the virtual machine, build the cross-toolchain, and set up the correct NFS network file system. Finish the design of the ARM-based embedded system platform, combined with the hardware requirements of the experimental platform, transplant the powerful Uboot as the Bootloader of the system, and further transplant the Linux-2.6. 32 kernel to the system start the operation normally, and finally, build the root file to finish the study of its portability.
文摘The right to data portability is an essential part of personal data protection in the booming era of big data,which is closely related to our work and lives,as it may play a crucial role in safeguarding self-determination right of the data subject and foster a favorable environment for the players in a fair competition market.However,the implementation of the right to data portability in China is still in its infancy,fraught with complexities and uncertainties.This paper studies the right to data portability in China based on the Personal Information Protection Law,and explores its development,current status and potential impact in China.Moreover,it conducts a comparative analysis of the EU and US experience,mostly from the legislative perspective,to better understand practices in the world.In addition,this paper puts forward some specific suggestions on implementing the right to data portability,hoping that the right to data portability can be fully guaranteed in our real life.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62375048)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.22ZR1402600。
文摘Traditional spectrophotometers have a large volume and slow scanning speed,which limits their applicability for rapid on-site detection.Herein,a micro-spectrophotometer(named ATOM)is fabricated,and its performance is verified in water quality testing.An M-type Czerny-Turner light path structure,a broadband light emitting diode(LED)light source,and a linear charge-coupled device(CCD)photodetector were adopted in ATOM.The performance of ATOM was validated through iron content determination by using o-phenanthroline spectrophotometry.The experiment results showed that the linear correlation coefficient of determination R^(2) was 0.9997 for mass concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.0μg/mL.The relative standard deviation was 0.37%,and the relative error compared to a commercial large-scale spectrophotometer was below 1.4%.The dimensions of ATOM are 75 mm×60 mm×25 mm,with hardware costs of approximately 1000 CNY.ATOM features compact size,low cost,rapid measurement,high integration and high precision,making it suitable for portable on-site rapid detection.
文摘Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by using portable diagnostic devices,avoiding sending samples to the medical laboratories.It has been extensively explored for diagnosing and monitoring patients’diseases and health conditions with the assistance of development in biochemistry and microfluidics.Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices(μPADs)have gained dramatic popularity in POCT because of their simplicity,user-friendly,fast and accurate result reading and low cost.SeveralμPADs have been successfully commercialized and received excellent feedback during the past several decades.This review briefly discusses the main types ofμPADs,preparation methods and their detection principles,followed by a few representative examples.The future perspectives of the development inμPADs are also provided.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272134)Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272134,Xiao-lei Chen).
文摘Background and Objective Electromagnetic navigation technology has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the accuracy and safety of neurosurgical procedures.However,traditional electromagnetic navigation systems face challenges such as high equipment costs,complex operation,bulky size,and insufficient anti-interference performance.To address these limitations,our study developed and validated a novel portable electromagnetic neuronavigation system designed to improve the precision,accessibility,and clinical applicability of electromagnetic navigation technology in cranial surgery.Methods The software and hardware architecture of a portable neural magnetic navigation system was designed.The key technologies of the system were analysed,including electromagnetic positioning algorithms,miniaturized sensor design,optimization of electromagnetic positioning and navigation algorithms,anti-interference signal processing methods,and fast three-dimensional reconstruction algorithms.A prototype was developed,and its accuracy was tested.Finally,a preliminary clinical application evaluation was conducted.Results This study successfully developed a comprehensive portable electromagnetic neuronavigation system capable of achieving preoperative planning,intraoperative real-time positioning and navigation,and postoperative evaluation of navigation outcomes.Through rigorous collaborative testing of the system’s software and hardware,the accuracy of electromagnetic neuronavigation has been validated to meet clinical requirements.Conclusions This study developed a portable neuroelectromagnetic navigation system and validated its effectiveness and safety through rigorous model testing and preliminary clinical applications.The system is characterized by its compact size,high precision,excellent portability,and user-friendly operation,making it highly valuable for promoting navigation technology and advancing the precision and minimally invasive nature of neurosurgical procedures.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61272145)the National High-Tech R&D Program(863)of China(No.2012AA012706)
文摘OpenCL is an open heterogeneous programming framework. Although OpenCL programs are func- tionally portable, they do not provide performance portability, so code transformation often plays an irreplaceable role. When adapting GPU-specific OpenCL kernels to run on multi-core/many-core CPUs, coarsening the thread granularity is necessary and thus has been extensively used. However, locality concerns exposed in GPU-specific OpenCL code are usually inherited without analysis, which may give side-effects on the CPU performance. Typi- cally, the use of OpenCL＇s local memory on multi-core/many-core CPUs may lead to an opposite performance effect, because local-memory arrays no longer match well with the hardware and the associated synchronizations are costly. To solve this dilemma, we actively analyze the memory access patterns using array-access descriptors derived from GPU-specific kernels, which can thus be adapted for CPUs by （1） removing all the unwanted local-memory arrays together with the obsolete barrier statements and （2） optimizing the coalesced kernel code with vectorization and locality re-exploitation. Moreover, we have developed an automated tool chain that makes this transformation of GPU-specific OpenCL kernels into a CPU-friendly form, which is accompanied with a scheduler that forms a new OpenCL runtime. Experiments show that the automated transformation can improve OpenCL kernel performance on a multi-core CPU by an average factor of 3.24. Satisfactory performance improvements axe also achieved on Intel＇s many-integrated-core coprocessor. The resultant performance on both architectures is better than or comparable with the corresponding OpenMP performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60973143the National High Technology Research and Development 863 Program of China under Grant No. 2008AA01A201the National Basic Research 973 Program of China under Grant No. 2007CB310900
文摘Graphics processing units （GPU） have taken an important role in the general purpose computing market in recent years. At present, the common approach to programming GPU units is to write CPU specific code with low level GPU APIs such as CUDA. Although this approach can achieve good performance, it creates serious portability issues as programmers are required to write a specific version of the code for each potential target architecture. This results in high development and maintenance costs. We believe it is desirable to have a programming model which provides source code portability between CPUs and GPUs, as well as different GPUs. This would allow programmers to write one version of the code, which can be compiled and executed on either CPUs or GPUs efficiently without modification. In this paper, we propose MapCG, a MapReduce framework to provide source code level portability between CPUs and GPUs. In contrast to other approaches such as OpenCL, our framework, based on MapReduce, provides a high level programming model and makes programming much easier. We describe the design of MapCG, including the MapReduce-style high-level programming framework and the runtime system on the CPU and GPU. A prototype of the MapCG runtime, supporting multi-core CPUs and NVIDIA GPUs, was implemented. Our experimental results show that this implementation can execute the same source code efficiently on multi-core CPU platforms and GPUs, achieving an average speedup of 1.6-2.5x over previous implementations of MapReduce on eight commonly used applications.
基金Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China-Major Projects,No.2022ZD0212400National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371453.
文摘Traditional diagnostic tools for depression,such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9,are susceptible to subjective bias,increasing the risk of misdiagnosis and emphasizing the critical need for objective biomarkers.This minireview evaluates the emerging role of portable electroencephalography(EEG)as a cost-effective,accessible solution for early depression detection.By synthesizing findings from 45 studies(selected from 764 screened articles),we highlight EEG’s capacity to identify aberrant neural oscillations associated with core depressive symptoms,including anhedonia,excessive guilt,and persistent low mood.Advances in portable systems demonstrate promising classification accuracy when integrated with machine learning algorithms,with long short-term memory models achieving>90%accuracy in recent trials.However,persistent challenges,such as signal quality variability,motion artifacts,and limited clinical validation,hinder widespread adoption.Further innovation in sensor optimization,multimodal data integration,and real-world clinical trials is essential to translate portable EEG into a reliable diagnostic tool.This minireview underscores the transformative potential of neurotechnology in psychiatry while advocating for rigorous standard ization to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2020J06008)for Distinguished Young Scholarsthe Fujian Provincial Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Special Project(No.2022L3078).
文摘The occurrence of geogenic arsenic(As)in groundwater is a global public health concern.However,there remain large gaps in groundwater As data,making it difficult to identify non-compliant domestic wells,partly due to lack of low-cost methods capable of rapid As analysis.Therefore,the development of high through-put and reliable on-site determination methods for inorganic As is essential.Herein,a portable automated analyzer was developed for the determination of arsenite(As(Ⅲ)),arsenate(As(Ⅴ))and phosphate in As contaminated groundwater based on a previously adapted method for molybdenum blue spectrophotometry.After the optimization of the chemical reactions and flow manifold,the system demonstrated a high sample through-put(4.8/h for As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ)and phosphate analysis),allowing this system to screen 125 samples in 24 h.Other advantages include low operational costs(0.3 CNY per sample),appropriate sensitivity for contaminated groundwater(detection limits of 4.7μg/L,8.3μg/L and 5.4μg/L for As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ)and phosphate,respectively),good linearity(R^(2)>0.9996 at As concentrations up to 1600μg/L)and high precision(relative standard deviations of 3.5% and 2.8% for As(Ⅲ)and As(Ⅴ),respectively).The portable system was successfully used for As speciation analysis in 5 groundwater samples collected from multi-level wells at Yinchuan Plain,northwestern China,with total As concentrations ranging from 75.7 to 295.0μg/L,independently assessing As speciation,providing a promising novel method for the rapid on-site screening of As in tens of millions of domestic wells worldwide.
文摘The growing threat of malware,particularly in the Portable Executable(PE)format,demands more effective methods for detection and classification.Machine learning-based approaches exhibit their potential but often neglect semantic segmentation of malware files that can improve classification performance.This research applies deep learning to malware detection,using Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures adapted to work with semantically extracted data to classify malware into malware families.Starting from the Malconv model,this study introduces modifications to adapt it to multi-classification tasks and improve its performance.It proposes a new innovative method that focuses on byte extraction from Portable Executable(PE)malware files based on their semantic location,resulting in higher accuracy in malware classification than traditional methods using full-byte sequences.This novel approach evaluates the importance of each semantic segment to improve classification accuracy.The results revealed that the header segment of PE files provides the most valuable information for malware identification,outperforming the other sections,and achieving an average classification accuracy of 99.54%.The above reaffirms the effectiveness of the semantic segmentation approach and highlights the critical role header data plays in improving malware detection and classification accuracy.
文摘From energy generation to transportation,from energy distribution to storage,from semiconductor processing to communications,and from portable devices to data centers,energy consumption has grown to be a major limitation to usability and performance.Therefore,energy-efficient technologies become an active research area motivated by energy necessity and environmental concerns.With energy-efficient technologies,a number of epoch-making technical approaches can be expected.Energy efficiency technologies are affecting all forms of energy conversion and all aspects of life.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62006092)Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(No.2023AH030081)+1 种基金2023 New Era Education Provincial Quality Engineering Project(Graduate Education)(No.2023cxcysj103)2024 New Era Education Provincial Quality Engineering Project(Graduate Education)。
文摘Lactate,as a metabolite,plays a significant role in a number of fields,including medical diagnostics,exercise physiology and food science.Traditional methods for lactate measurement often involve expensive and cumbersome instrumentation.This study developed a portable and low-cost lactate measurement system,including independently detectable hardware circuits and user-friendly embedded software,computer,and smartphone applications.The experiment verified that the relative error of the detection current in the device circuit was less than 1%.The electrochemical performance was measured by comparing the[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(3−)/[Fe(CN)_(6)]^(4−)solution with the desktop electrochemical workstation CHI660E,and a nearly consistent chronoamperometry(CA)curve was obtained.Two modified lactate sensors were used for CA testing of lactate.Within the concentration range of 0.1 mmol·L^(−1)to 20 mmol·L^(−1),there was a good linear relationship between lactate concentration and steady-state current,with a correlation coefficient(R2)greater than 0.99 and good repeatability,demonstrating the reliability of the developed device.The lactate measurement system developed in this study not only provides excellent detection performance and reliability,but also achieves portability and low cost,providing a new solution for lactate measurement.
文摘Penetration testing plays a critical role in ensuring security in an increasingly interconnected world. Despite advancements in technology leading to smaller, more portable devices, penetration testing remains reliant on traditional laptops and computers, which, while portable, lack true ultra-portability. This paper explores the potential impact of developing a dedicated, ultra-portable, low-cost device for on-the-go penetration testing. Such a device could replicate the core functionalities of advanced penetration testing tools, including those found in Kali Linux, within a compact form factor that fits easily into a pocket. By offering the convenience and portability akin to a smartphone, this innovative device could redefine the way penetration testers operate, enabling them to carry essential tools wherever they go and ensuring they are always prepared to conduct security assessments efficiently. This approach aims to revolutionize penetration testing by merging high functionality with unparalleled portability.
文摘BACKGROUND Conventional reusable endoscopes have high disinfection costs because of their large size.In this study,we compared the effectiveness,safety,and operation performance of the portable disposable large-channel endoscope that we developed with those of a conventional gastroscope in endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).AIM To compare two gastroscopes in ESD for effectiveness and safety.METHODS Ten Bama pigs were subjected to gastroscopy and ESD after general anesthesia.The experiment was completed by four experienced endoscopists.First,two endoscopists randomly selected the portable disposable large-channel or conventional gastroscope to complete gastroscopy procedures.The other two endoscopists assessed the quality of endoscopic images.After endoscopy,all of the endoscopists randomly used the portable disposable large-channel endoscope or the conventional gastroscope for ESD.Endoscopic operation performance,submucosal dissection time,total procedure time,total submucosal injection volume,specimen size,success rate of en bloc resection,muscular injury rate,and complications were compared between the endoscopes.RESULTS No significant differences in gastroscopy duration or in the integrity,sharpness,saturation,and brightness of the gastroscopic images were observed between the gastroscopes.For ESD,no significant differences in endoscopic operation performance,incision time,submucosal dissection time,total procedure time,total submucosal injection volume,specimen size,or success rate of en bloc resection were observed between the gastroscopes.Neither gastroscope caused muscular injury or treatment-related complica-tions.CONCLUSION The portable disposable large-channel endoscope can be used safely and effectively for gastroscopy and treatment.
文摘The multiple nuclides identification algorithm with low consumption and strong robustness is crucial for rapid radioactive source searching.This study investigates the design of a low-consumption multiple nuclides identification algorithm for portable gamma spectrometers.First,the gamma spectra of 12 target nuclides(including the background case)were measured to create training datasets.The characteristic energies,obtained through energy calibration and full-energy peak addresses,are utilized as input features for a neural network.A large number of single-and multiple-nuclide training datasets are generated using random combinations and small-range drifting.Subsequently,a multi-label classification neural network based on a binary cross-entropy loss function is applied to export the existence probability of certain nuclides.The designed algorithm effectively reduces the computation time and storage space required by the neural network and has been successfully implemented in a portable gamma spectrometer with a running time of t_(r)<2 s.Results show that,in both validation and actual tests,the identification accuracy of the designed algorithm reaches 94.8%,for gamma spectra with a dose rate of d≈0.5μSv∕h and a measurement time t_(m)=60 s.This improves the ability to perform rapid on-site nuclide identification at important sites.
基金supported by grants from the Hong Kong Re-search Grants Council(General Research Fund Grants No.14605920,14611621,14606922,14603724Collaborative Research Fund Grant No.C4023-20GF+3 种基金Research Matching Grants RMG 8601219,8601242,3110151)RGC Postdoctoral Fellowship No.PDFS2425-4H01)a grant from the Research Committee on Research Sustainability of Major Re-search Grants Council Funding Schemes(Grant No.3133235)of the Chinese University of Hong Kong(CUHK)grant from the Vice-Chancellor’s One-offDiscretionary Fund(Smart and Sustainable Cities:City of Commons)(4930787)of CUHK.
文摘To mitigate the catastrophic impacts of climate change,many measures and strategies have been designed and implemented to encourage people to change their daily behaviors for a low-carbon society transition.However,most people generate carbon emissions through their daily activities in space and time.They are also exposed to multiple environmental factors(e.g.,air pollution,noise,and greenspace).Changing people’s behaviors to reduce carbon emissions can also influence their multiple environmental exposures and further influence their health outcomes.Thus,this study seeks to examine the associations between individuals’daily carbon footprints and their exposures to multiple environmental factors(i.e.,air pollution,noise,and greenspace)across different spa-tial and temporal contexts using individual-level data collected by portable real-time sensors,an activity-travel diary,and a questionnaire from four communities in Hong Kong.The results first indicated that individuals’car-bon footprints of daily activities varied across different spatial and temporal contexts,with home and nighttime having the highest estimated carbon footprints.We also found that activity carbon footprints have a positive asso-ciation with PM2.5,which is particularly strong at home and from morning to nighttime,and mixed associations with noise(positive at home and nighttime,while negative in other places and during travel,from morning to afternoon).Besides,carbon footprints also have consistent negative associations with shrubland and woodland across different spatial and temporal contexts.The findings can provide essential insights into effective measures for promoting the transition to a low-carbon society.
文摘This paper presents our endeavors in developing the large-scale, ultra-high-resolution E3SM Land Model (uELM), specifically designed for exascale computers furnished with accelerators such as Nvidia GPUs. The uELM is a sophisticated code that substantially relies on High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments, necessitating particular machine and software configurations. To facilitate community-based uELM developments employing GPUs, we have created a portable, standalone software environment preconfigured with uELM input datasets, simulation cases, and source code. This environment, utilizing Docker, encompasses all essential code, libraries, and system software for uELM development on GPUs. It also features a functional unit test framework and an offline model testbed for comprehensive numerical experiments. From a technical perspective, the paper discusses GPU-ready container generations, uELM code management, and input data distribution across computational platforms. Lastly, the paper demonstrates the use of environment for functional unit testing, end-to-end simulation on CPUs and GPUs, and collaborative code development.
