Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are innovative materials distinguished by gradual variations in composition and structure, offering exceptional properties for diverse applications. Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), mer...Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are innovative materials distinguished by gradual variations in composition and structure, offering exceptional properties for diverse applications. Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), merging the characteristics of polymers and ionic liquids, have emerged as viable options for the development of FGMs given their tunable skeleton, ionic conductivity, and compatibility with various functional materials. This review highlights the latest advancements in the design strategies of FGMs based on porous PILs, focusing on single and multi-gradient structures. Furthermore, we also highlight their emerging applications in molecular recognition, sensing, adsorption, separation, and catalysis. By exploring the interplay between porosity, ionic functionality, and gradient architecture, this review offers perspectives on the prospects of PIL-based FGMs for tackling global challenges in energy, environment, and healthcare.展开更多
Dimethyl carbonate(DMC)is an important chemical raw material extensively used in organic synthesis,lithium-ion battery electrolytes,etc.The primary method for industrial synthesis of DMC involves transesterification b...Dimethyl carbonate(DMC)is an important chemical raw material extensively used in organic synthesis,lithium-ion battery electrolytes,etc.The primary method for industrial synthesis of DMC involves transesterification between ethylene carbonate and MeOH but faces issues with difficult catalyst separation and low catalytic activity.Based on the synergistic catalytic activity of cation and anion,this study develops poly(ionic liquid)s of[N_(X)PIL][PHO]and[N_(3)PIL][Y]with varying alkaline sites and alkalinity levels.This is accomplished by constructing functional polymer monomers containing free radical polymerization sites and nitrogencontaining alkaline groups,and by polymerizing them with suitable crosslinking monomers in a specific ratio before exchanging the resulting polymers with different anions.Results show that doping with nitrogen-containing alkaline groups leads to enhanced basic functional sites while appropriate anions provide intensified alkalinity levels.The[N_(3)PIL][PHO]obtained exhibits superior catalytic activity in transesterification synthesis of DMC,with a yield of 91.43%and selectivity of 99.96%at a reaction time of 2 h.The study also investigates the impact of poly(ionic liquid)cationic structure and anion types,as well as their interactions,on catalytic performance.The findings reveal that the catalytic activity of poly(ionic liquid)is restricted by the interactions between cation and anion.Based on these findings,a possible reaction mechanism was proposed,providing theoretical support for the high-efficiency production of DMC.展开更多
In the context of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality,development of feasible methods for converting CO_(2)into high value-added chemicals stands out as a hot subject.In this study,P[D+COO^(−)][Br^(...In the context of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality,development of feasible methods for converting CO_(2)into high value-added chemicals stands out as a hot subject.In this study,P[D+COO^(−)][Br^(−)][DBUH^(+)],a series of novel heterogeneous dual-ionic poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)were synthesized readily from 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate(DMAEMA),bromo-substituted aliphatic acids,organic bases and divinylbenzene(DVB).The structures,compositions and morphologies were characterized or determined by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA),infrared spectroscopy(IR),scanning electron microscopes(SEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis(BET),etc.Application of the P[D+COO^(−)][Br^(−)][DBUH^(+)]series as catalysts in converting CO_(2)into cyclic carbonates showed that P[D+COO^(−)][Br^(−)][DBUH^(+)]-2/1/0.6was able to catalyze epiclorohydrin-CO_(2)cycloaddition the most efficiently.This afforded chloropropylene carbonate(CPC)in 98.4%yield with≥99%selectivity in 24 hr under solvent-and additive-free conditions at atmospheric pressure.Reusability experiments showed that recycling of the catalyst 6 times only resulted in a slight decline in the catalytic performance.In addition,it could be used for the synthesis of a variety of differently substituted cyclic carbonates in good to excellent yields.Finally,key catalytic active sites were probed,and a reasonable mechanism was proposed accordingly.In summary,this work poses an efficient strategy for heterogenization of dual-ionic PILs and provides amild and environmentally benign approach to the fixation and utilization of carbon dioxide.展开更多
Ionic liquids(ILs)have appeared as the most promising electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries,owing to their unique high ionic conductivity,chemical stability and thermal stability properties.Poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)w...Ionic liquids(ILs)have appeared as the most promising electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries,owing to their unique high ionic conductivity,chemical stability and thermal stability properties.Poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)with both IL-like characteristic and polymer structure are emerging as an alternative of traditional electrolyte.In this review,recent progresses on the applications of IL/PIL-based semi-solid state electrolytes,including gel electrolytes,ionic plastic crystal electrolytes,hybrid electrolytes and single-ion conducting electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries are discussed.展开更多
Acidic poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)with swelling ability were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of N-vinylimidazolium ionic liquids,divinylbenzene(DVB)and sodium acrylate(NaAA),and further acidification by sul...Acidic poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)with swelling ability were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of N-vinylimidazolium ionic liquids,divinylbenzene(DVB)and sodium acrylate(NaAA),and further acidification by sulfuric acid.The swelling ability of acidic PILs was greatly affected by cross-linker content and chain length of 3-alkyl-substituents on imidazolium.Cross-linked network structures could be observed from the cryogenic scanning electron microscopy(cryo-SEM)images of the swollen acidic PILs in formic acid.Acidic PILs with network structures in swollen state exhibited excellent activities in the esterification of cyclohexene and formic acid,and the catalytic activities were in positive correlation with their swelling abilities.Acidic PIL with 3-octyl-substituent and 2.5 mol%DVB(PIL-C8-2.5DVB-HSO4)had the highest swelling ability in formic acid and exhibited comparable catalytic activities with homogeneous catalysts such as sulfuric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid.展开更多
Graphene oxide(GO)is regarded as a promising candidate to construct solar absorbers for addressing freshwater crisis,but the easy delamination of GO in water poses a critical challenge for practical solar desalination...Graphene oxide(GO)is regarded as a promising candidate to construct solar absorbers for addressing freshwater crisis,but the easy delamination of GO in water poses a critical challenge for practical solar desalination.Herein,we improve the stability of GO membranes by a self-crosslinking poly(ionic liquid)(PIL)in a mild condition,which crosslinks neighbouring GO nanosheets without blemishing the hydrophilic structure of GO.By further adding carbon nanotubes(CNTs),the sandwiched GO/CNT@PIL(GCP)membrane displays a good stability in pH=1 or 13 solution even for 270 days.The molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that the generation of water nanofluidics in nanochannels of GO nanosheets remarkably reduces the water evaporation enthalpy in GCP membrane,compared to bulk water.Consequently,the GCP membrane exhibits a high evaporation rate(1.87 kg m^(-2)h^(-1))and displays stable evaporation rates for 14 h under 1 kW m^(-2)irradiation.The GCP membrane additionally works very well when using different water sources(e.g.,dye-polluted water)or even strong acidic solution(pH=1)or basic solution(pH=13).More importantly,through bundling pluralities of GCP membrane,an efficient solar desalination device is developed to produce drinkable water from seawater.The average daily drinkable water amount in sunny day is 10.1 kg m^(-2),which meets with the daily drinkable water needs of five adults.The high evaporation rate,long-time durability and good scalability make the GCP membrane an outstanding candidate for practical solar seawater desalination.展开更多
A new polymeric ionic liquid gel was prepared with 1-[(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-3-methylimidazolium bromide(MEMImBr) via radiation-induced polymerization and cross-linking at room temperature.The resultant PMEMImBr ge...A new polymeric ionic liquid gel was prepared with 1-[(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-3-methylimidazolium bromide(MEMImBr) via radiation-induced polymerization and cross-linking at room temperature.The resultant PMEMImBr gel exhibits high strength and flexibility as well as special swelling behavior in oil-in-water(O/W)emulsions.The swelling behavior of PMEMImBr gel in emulsions is similar to that in water except that the swelling rate in emulsions is slightly smaller than that in water.The organic solvents with higher polarity in the emulsions contribute to the swelling of PMEMImBr gels,and the O/W proportion of emulsion in the swollen gel equals approximately that of original emulsion when the concentration of organic solvent is lower than 0.2 g/g.展开更多
Chiral supramolecular polyelectrolyte nanoporous membranes(CSPPMs) are increasingly important owing to their potential applications in sensing,separation technology,and bioengineering.However,developing such membranes...Chiral supramolecular polyelectrolyte nanoporous membranes(CSPPMs) are increasingly important owing to their potential applications in sensing,separation technology,and bioengineering.However,developing such membranes remains challenging due to the lack of suitable synthetic approaches.Herein,we introduce a facile and conceptual approach that uses water molecules as dynamic crosslinkers and pore-forming agents to create CSPPMs from single-component chiral poly(ionic liquid)s.The experimental and theoretical calculation results demonstrated that the supramolecular network of CSPPMs was crosslinked by hydrogen(H)-bonding,C–H···π,electrostatic,and π-π interactions.During pore architecture formation in the membranes,an intriguing chiral amplification phenomenon was observed.This phenomenon,combined with the unique fluorescence properties and high enantioselectivity of CSPPMs toward chiral vip molecules,enables easy discrimination of enantiomers under UV lamps or even with the naked eye.The knowledge gained from this fundamental study could serve as a springboard for developing multifunctional chiral polyelectrolyte membranes for diverse applications.展开更多
Polyelectrolyte porous membranes(PPMs)belong to the most interesting classes of materials,because the synergy of tunable pore sizes and charge nature of polyelectrolyte endow them with wide-ranging practical applicati...Polyelectrolyte porous membranes(PPMs)belong to the most interesting classes of materials,because the synergy of tunable pore sizes and charge nature of polyelectrolyte endow them with wide-ranging practical applications.However,owing to the water solu-bility and ionic nature of the polyelectrolytes,traditional polyelectrolytes are difficult to use in scalable preparation of high-quality PPMs through the well-developed industrial methods.Poly(ionic liquid)s(PIL)are a subclass of functional polyelectrolytes bearing ionic liquid groups in their repeating unites,inheriting the advantages of ionic liquids(ILs)and macromolecular architecture features.In recent years,along with rapid development of PIL materials chemistry,considerable and significant developments involving the novel preparation methods,and structure-property-function relationships of PPMs have been made.In this review,we highlight the latest discovery and proceedings of PPMs,particularly the advancements in how to tailor structures and properties of PPMs by ra-tional structure design of PILs.The formation mechanisms of various PPMs were also discussed in detail from the viewpoint of PILs molecular structures.A future perspective of the challenges and promising potential of PPMs is cast on the basis of these achieve-ments.We expect that these analyses and deductions will be useful for the design of useful PPMs and serve as a source of inspira-tion for the design of future multifunctional PPMs.展开更多
The development of strategies for producing welldefined chiral porous membranes for the rapid and efficient enantioseparation of racemic mixtures remains a great challenge.Herein,we introduce an innovative,simple,and ...The development of strategies for producing welldefined chiral porous membranes for the rapid and efficient enantioseparation of racemic mixtures remains a great challenge.Herein,we introduce an innovative,simple,and easily scalable synthetic strategy to manufacture chiral porous polymer membranes(CPPMs)bearing chiral NH groups by crosslinking single-component chiral poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)with water molecules via hydrogen(H)-bonding.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))fixation into value-added chemicals has attracted growing attention and one promising atom-efficient pathway is via the cycloaddition with three member-ring compounds like epoxides.Herein,we demo...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))fixation into value-added chemicals has attracted growing attention and one promising atom-efficient pathway is via the cycloaddition with three member-ring compounds like epoxides.Herein,we demon-strated that encapsulation of linear poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)on ordered mesoporous carbon materials provides a facile and feasible approach towards environmental-friendly heterogeneous catalysts with high performance in CO_(2)cycloaddition with epoxides under mild conditions.A series of novel linear phenolic hydroxyl group functional imi-dazolium-based PILs synthesized from hydroxymethylation reaction between 4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenol-1-butyl-imida-zolium iodide and formaldehyde was loaded on ordered mesoporous carbon FDU-15-600 derived from mesoporous phenolic resin.By virtue of controlling the initial polymerization temperature,the molecular weight of PILs was facilely modulated,reaching strong host-vip interaction during the PIL immobilization.Highly stable immobilized PIL species with spatial satisfaction of ionic moieties and surface groups were thus realized to enable a synergic CO_(2)conversion via cycloaddition with epoxides.The optimal catalyst exhibited high yield and stable recyclability by using atmospheric CO_(2)under metal-additive-solvent-free conditions and the activity surprisingly exceeded the correspond-ing homogeneous parent IL and PIL.Excellent substrate compatibility was found by extending the transformation of more than ten epoxides including the inert ones such as disubstituted cyclohexene oxide.The significantly enhanced activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of the surface hydrogen groups and ionic moieties to accelerate the rate-determining ring-opening process.展开更多
Poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)refer to a polymeric architecture with repeating ionic liquid species in each unit.They are attracting rapidly increasing interest because of their diverse structures and facial processability...Poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)refer to a polymeric architecture with repeating ionic liquid species in each unit.They are attracting rapidly increasing interest because of their diverse structures and facial processability.Our group focused on the design and synthesis of PILs for various applications in the past decade,including polyelectrolytes,biomedical materials,and other related fields.In this review,we briefly summarized our recent studies on the application of PiLs for energy and electronic devices,emphasizing the controllable synthesis and regulation of specific structures and functions.The unique properties and designable structures of PILs will inspire further investigation in an extensive variety of potential applications.展开更多
The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC)via transesterification of ethylene carbonate(EC)and methanol(MeOH)was an environmental and practical strategy.Herein,poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)with swelling abilities were synth...The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC)via transesterification of ethylene carbonate(EC)and methanol(MeOH)was an environmental and practical strategy.Herein,poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)with swelling abilities were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of N-vinylimidazolium ionic liquids,sodium 4-vinylbenzoate and cross-linker(1,8-triethylene glycoldiyl-3,3'-divinylimidazolium bromide([(EG)_(3)-DVIm]Br_(2)).The swelling abilities of PILs in various solvents were measured,and PILs could swell in methanol(MeOH).The swelling ability of PILs in MeOH could be modulated by changing the cross-linker content and chain length of 3-alkyl-substituents on imidazolium.The swollen state of PILs in MeOH presented a porous cross-linked network structure observed by the cryo-scanning electron microscope(cryo-SEM).The swelling PILs were used to catalyze the transesterification of ethylene carbonate(EC)and MeOH to prepare the DMC,and the catalytic activities was correlated with the swelling abilities of PILs.The PIL with 3-butyl-substituent and 2.5 mol%cross-linker(poly[VBIm-VBA-DVIm]-2.5%)had the highest swelling ratio(Q=12.4(g/g))in MeOH and EC mixed solvents and exhibited excellent catalytic activities,which was similar to corresponding homogeneous ionic liquid.Furthermore,the catalyst could be reused up to seven runs without any considerable loss of its initial activity.展开更多
Poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) were successfully synthesized via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAR) mechanism, using ionic liquids as green reaction media. The influence of various reaction parameters includi...Poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) were successfully synthesized via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAR) mechanism, using ionic liquids as green reaction media. The influence of various reaction parameters including monomer concentration, dehydration time, polymerization temperature and duration, IL's cations and anions nature, upon PAEKs molecular weight was investigated. In addition, the peculiarities of hydrogen-bonding ability of ILs were investigated. The interaction of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A) with ILs has a strong influence on PAEKs synthesis. Various moderate molecular weight PAEKs have been obtained in high yields with molecular weights ranging from 10000 to 18000g mol-1.展开更多
Functionalised mesoporous poly(ionic liquid)s are valuable carbon dioxide capture and conversion materials.Here,an imidazole poly(ionic liquid)PIL-s1-HCO_(3) with a mesoporous structure was formed by the copolymerisat...Functionalised mesoporous poly(ionic liquid)s are valuable carbon dioxide capture and conversion materials.Here,an imidazole poly(ionic liquid)PIL-s1-HCO_(3) with a mesoporous structure was formed by the copolymerisation of vinyl-modified ionic liquids and crosslinking agents.The material has excellent adsorption properties for carbon dioxide.Using it as the catalyst,the formylation of carbon dioxide with various amides was realised at room temperature and pressure without metal participation.In addition,the material is stable in performance,easily separated,and has good reusability.In this work,relying on the new PIL as a multi-functional platform,carbon dioxide capture and the transformation to high-value-added chemicals were completed simultaneously.展开更多
基金support provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22471018,22071008,22208018)support provided by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220818100012025).
文摘Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are innovative materials distinguished by gradual variations in composition and structure, offering exceptional properties for diverse applications. Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), merging the characteristics of polymers and ionic liquids, have emerged as viable options for the development of FGMs given their tunable skeleton, ionic conductivity, and compatibility with various functional materials. This review highlights the latest advancements in the design strategies of FGMs based on porous PILs, focusing on single and multi-gradient structures. Furthermore, we also highlight their emerging applications in molecular recognition, sensing, adsorption, separation, and catalysis. By exploring the interplay between porosity, ionic functionality, and gradient architecture, this review offers perspectives on the prospects of PIL-based FGMs for tackling global challenges in energy, environment, and healthcare.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22278077,22408209 and 22108040)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4101800)+2 种基金Key Program of Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory(Grant No.00221004)Research Program of Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory(Grant No.00523006)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2022J02019,2024J011550).
文摘Dimethyl carbonate(DMC)is an important chemical raw material extensively used in organic synthesis,lithium-ion battery electrolytes,etc.The primary method for industrial synthesis of DMC involves transesterification between ethylene carbonate and MeOH but faces issues with difficult catalyst separation and low catalytic activity.Based on the synergistic catalytic activity of cation and anion,this study develops poly(ionic liquid)s of[N_(X)PIL][PHO]and[N_(3)PIL][Y]with varying alkaline sites and alkalinity levels.This is accomplished by constructing functional polymer monomers containing free radical polymerization sites and nitrogencontaining alkaline groups,and by polymerizing them with suitable crosslinking monomers in a specific ratio before exchanging the resulting polymers with different anions.Results show that doping with nitrogen-containing alkaline groups leads to enhanced basic functional sites while appropriate anions provide intensified alkalinity levels.The[N_(3)PIL][PHO]obtained exhibits superior catalytic activity in transesterification synthesis of DMC,with a yield of 91.43%and selectivity of 99.96%at a reaction time of 2 h.The study also investigates the impact of poly(ionic liquid)cationic structure and anion types,as well as their interactions,on catalytic performance.The findings reveal that the catalytic activity of poly(ionic liquid)is restricted by the interactions between cation and anion.Based on these findings,a possible reaction mechanism was proposed,providing theoretical support for the high-efficiency production of DMC.
基金supported by the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2019A1515110551)the Science Foundation for Distinguished Scholars of Dongguan University of Technology(No.196100041051).
文摘In the context of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality,development of feasible methods for converting CO_(2)into high value-added chemicals stands out as a hot subject.In this study,P[D+COO^(−)][Br^(−)][DBUH^(+)],a series of novel heterogeneous dual-ionic poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)were synthesized readily from 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate(DMAEMA),bromo-substituted aliphatic acids,organic bases and divinylbenzene(DVB).The structures,compositions and morphologies were characterized or determined by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA),infrared spectroscopy(IR),scanning electron microscopes(SEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis(BET),etc.Application of the P[D+COO^(−)][Br^(−)][DBUH^(+)]series as catalysts in converting CO_(2)into cyclic carbonates showed that P[D+COO^(−)][Br^(−)][DBUH^(+)]-2/1/0.6was able to catalyze epiclorohydrin-CO_(2)cycloaddition the most efficiently.This afforded chloropropylene carbonate(CPC)in 98.4%yield with≥99%selectivity in 24 hr under solvent-and additive-free conditions at atmospheric pressure.Reusability experiments showed that recycling of the catalyst 6 times only resulted in a slight decline in the catalytic performance.In addition,it could be used for the synthesis of a variety of differently substituted cyclic carbonates in good to excellent yields.Finally,key catalytic active sites were probed,and a reasonable mechanism was proposed accordingly.In summary,this work poses an efficient strategy for heterogenization of dual-ionic PILs and provides amild and environmentally benign approach to the fixation and utilization of carbon dioxide.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.21425417)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21835005 and U1862109)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Ionic liquids(ILs)have appeared as the most promising electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries,owing to their unique high ionic conductivity,chemical stability and thermal stability properties.Poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)with both IL-like characteristic and polymer structure are emerging as an alternative of traditional electrolyte.In this review,recent progresses on the applications of IL/PIL-based semi-solid state electrolytes,including gel electrolytes,ionic plastic crystal electrolytes,hybrid electrolytes and single-ion conducting electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries are discussed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21773068,21811530273,21573072)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0403102)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B409).
文摘Acidic poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)with swelling ability were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of N-vinylimidazolium ionic liquids,divinylbenzene(DVB)and sodium acrylate(NaAA),and further acidification by sulfuric acid.The swelling ability of acidic PILs was greatly affected by cross-linker content and chain length of 3-alkyl-substituents on imidazolium.Cross-linked network structures could be observed from the cryogenic scanning electron microscopy(cryo-SEM)images of the swollen acidic PILs in formic acid.Acidic PILs with network structures in swollen state exhibited excellent activities in the esterification of cyclohexene and formic acid,and the catalytic activities were in positive correlation with their swelling abilities.Acidic PIL with 3-octyl-substituent and 2.5 mol%DVB(PIL-C8-2.5DVB-HSO4)had the highest swelling ability in formic acid and exhibited comparable catalytic activities with homogeneous catalysts such as sulfuric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
基金the financial support of the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFC1806000)the Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.3004013118)+2 种基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51903099)Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.3004013134)the 100 Talents Program of the Hubei Provincial Government.Z.D.thanks the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.0106013063).
文摘Graphene oxide(GO)is regarded as a promising candidate to construct solar absorbers for addressing freshwater crisis,but the easy delamination of GO in water poses a critical challenge for practical solar desalination.Herein,we improve the stability of GO membranes by a self-crosslinking poly(ionic liquid)(PIL)in a mild condition,which crosslinks neighbouring GO nanosheets without blemishing the hydrophilic structure of GO.By further adding carbon nanotubes(CNTs),the sandwiched GO/CNT@PIL(GCP)membrane displays a good stability in pH=1 or 13 solution even for 270 days.The molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that the generation of water nanofluidics in nanochannels of GO nanosheets remarkably reduces the water evaporation enthalpy in GCP membrane,compared to bulk water.Consequently,the GCP membrane exhibits a high evaporation rate(1.87 kg m^(-2)h^(-1))and displays stable evaporation rates for 14 h under 1 kW m^(-2)irradiation.The GCP membrane additionally works very well when using different water sources(e.g.,dye-polluted water)or even strong acidic solution(pH=1)or basic solution(pH=13).More importantly,through bundling pluralities of GCP membrane,an efficient solar desalination device is developed to produce drinkable water from seawater.The average daily drinkable water amount in sunny day is 10.1 kg m^(-2),which meets with the daily drinkable water needs of five adults.The high evaporation rate,long-time durability and good scalability make the GCP membrane an outstanding candidate for practical solar seawater desalination.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11375019)
文摘A new polymeric ionic liquid gel was prepared with 1-[(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-3-methylimidazolium bromide(MEMImBr) via radiation-induced polymerization and cross-linking at room temperature.The resultant PMEMImBr gel exhibits high strength and flexibility as well as special swelling behavior in oil-in-water(O/W)emulsions.The swelling behavior of PMEMImBr gel in emulsions is similar to that in water except that the swelling rate in emulsions is slightly smaller than that in water.The organic solvents with higher polarity in the emulsions contribute to the swelling of PMEMImBr gels,and the O/W proportion of emulsion in the swollen gel equals approximately that of original emulsion when the concentration of organic solvent is lower than 0.2 g/g.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52373008)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City (21JCZDJC00250)+1 种基金the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionalsthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (020-92512027)。
文摘Chiral supramolecular polyelectrolyte nanoporous membranes(CSPPMs) are increasingly important owing to their potential applications in sensing,separation technology,and bioengineering.However,developing such membranes remains challenging due to the lack of suitable synthetic approaches.Herein,we introduce a facile and conceptual approach that uses water molecules as dynamic crosslinkers and pore-forming agents to create CSPPMs from single-component chiral poly(ionic liquid)s.The experimental and theoretical calculation results demonstrated that the supramolecular network of CSPPMs was crosslinked by hydrogen(H)-bonding,C–H···π,electrostatic,and π-π interactions.During pore architecture formation in the membranes,an intriguing chiral amplification phenomenon was observed.This phenomenon,combined with the unique fluorescence properties and high enantioselectivity of CSPPMs toward chiral vip molecules,enables easy discrimination of enantiomers under UV lamps or even with the naked eye.The knowledge gained from this fundamental study could serve as a springboard for developing multifunctional chiral polyelectrolyte membranes for diverse applications.
基金We greatly acknowledge the financial supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21875119)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(Grant Nos.19JCYBJC17500,21JCZDJC00250)the National Programfor Support of Top-notch Young Professionals。
文摘Polyelectrolyte porous membranes(PPMs)belong to the most interesting classes of materials,because the synergy of tunable pore sizes and charge nature of polyelectrolyte endow them with wide-ranging practical applications.However,owing to the water solu-bility and ionic nature of the polyelectrolytes,traditional polyelectrolytes are difficult to use in scalable preparation of high-quality PPMs through the well-developed industrial methods.Poly(ionic liquid)s(PIL)are a subclass of functional polyelectrolytes bearing ionic liquid groups in their repeating unites,inheriting the advantages of ionic liquids(ILs)and macromolecular architecture features.In recent years,along with rapid development of PIL materials chemistry,considerable and significant developments involving the novel preparation methods,and structure-property-function relationships of PPMs have been made.In this review,we highlight the latest discovery and proceedings of PPMs,particularly the advancements in how to tailor structures and properties of PPMs by ra-tional structure design of PILs.The formation mechanisms of various PPMs were also discussed in detail from the viewpoint of PILs molecular structures.A future perspective of the challenges and promising potential of PPMs is cast on the basis of these achieve-ments.We expect that these analyses and deductions will be useful for the design of useful PPMs and serve as a source of inspira-tion for the design of future multifunctional PPMs.
基金supported by the Nankai University,the National Science Foundation of China(grant no.21875119)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(19JCYBJC17500).
文摘The development of strategies for producing welldefined chiral porous membranes for the rapid and efficient enantioseparation of racemic mixtures remains a great challenge.Herein,we introduce an innovative,simple,and easily scalable synthetic strategy to manufacture chiral porous polymer membranes(CPPMs)bearing chiral NH groups by crosslinking single-component chiral poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)with water molecules via hydrogen(H)-bonding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 22072065,22178162,and 22222806)the Distinguished Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220053)the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(grant JNHB-035).
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))fixation into value-added chemicals has attracted growing attention and one promising atom-efficient pathway is via the cycloaddition with three member-ring compounds like epoxides.Herein,we demon-strated that encapsulation of linear poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)on ordered mesoporous carbon materials provides a facile and feasible approach towards environmental-friendly heterogeneous catalysts with high performance in CO_(2)cycloaddition with epoxides under mild conditions.A series of novel linear phenolic hydroxyl group functional imi-dazolium-based PILs synthesized from hydroxymethylation reaction between 4-(imidazol-1-yl)phenol-1-butyl-imida-zolium iodide and formaldehyde was loaded on ordered mesoporous carbon FDU-15-600 derived from mesoporous phenolic resin.By virtue of controlling the initial polymerization temperature,the molecular weight of PILs was facilely modulated,reaching strong host-vip interaction during the PIL immobilization.Highly stable immobilized PIL species with spatial satisfaction of ionic moieties and surface groups were thus realized to enable a synergic CO_(2)conversion via cycloaddition with epoxides.The optimal catalyst exhibited high yield and stable recyclability by using atmospheric CO_(2)under metal-additive-solvent-free conditions and the activity surprisingly exceeded the correspond-ing homogeneous parent IL and PIL.Excellent substrate compatibility was found by extending the transformation of more than ten epoxides including the inert ones such as disubstituted cyclohexene oxide.The significantly enhanced activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of the surface hydrogen groups and ionic moieties to accelerate the rate-determining ring-opening process.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21835005,U1862109,22005045)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,the Priority Academic Program,Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232020D-07)the Initial Research Funds for Young Teachers of Donghua University.
文摘Poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)refer to a polymeric architecture with repeating ionic liquid species in each unit.They are attracting rapidly increasing interest because of their diverse structures and facial processability.Our group focused on the design and synthesis of PILs for various applications in the past decade,including polyelectrolytes,biomedical materials,and other related fields.In this review,we briefly summarized our recent studies on the application of PiLs for energy and electronic devices,emphasizing the controllable synthesis and regulation of specific structures and functions.The unique properties and designable structures of PILs will inspire further investigation in an extensive variety of potential applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21773068)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0403102,2020YFA0710201)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B409).
文摘The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate(DMC)via transesterification of ethylene carbonate(EC)and methanol(MeOH)was an environmental and practical strategy.Herein,poly(ionic liquid)s(PILs)with swelling abilities were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of N-vinylimidazolium ionic liquids,sodium 4-vinylbenzoate and cross-linker(1,8-triethylene glycoldiyl-3,3'-divinylimidazolium bromide([(EG)_(3)-DVIm]Br_(2)).The swelling abilities of PILs in various solvents were measured,and PILs could swell in methanol(MeOH).The swelling ability of PILs in MeOH could be modulated by changing the cross-linker content and chain length of 3-alkyl-substituents on imidazolium.The swollen state of PILs in MeOH presented a porous cross-linked network structure observed by the cryo-scanning electron microscope(cryo-SEM).The swelling PILs were used to catalyze the transesterification of ethylene carbonate(EC)and MeOH to prepare the DMC,and the catalytic activities was correlated with the swelling abilities of PILs.The PIL with 3-butyl-substituent and 2.5 mol%cross-linker(poly[VBIm-VBA-DVIm]-2.5%)had the highest swelling ratio(Q=12.4(g/g))in MeOH and EC mixed solvents and exhibited excellent catalytic activities,which was similar to corresponding homogeneous ionic liquid.Furthermore,the catalyst could be reused up to seven runs without any considerable loss of its initial activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21274014)Beijing Municipal Commission of Education+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesMeasuring Fund of Large Apparatus of Beijing Normal University
文摘Poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) were successfully synthesized via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAR) mechanism, using ionic liquids as green reaction media. The influence of various reaction parameters including monomer concentration, dehydration time, polymerization temperature and duration, IL's cations and anions nature, upon PAEKs molecular weight was investigated. In addition, the peculiarities of hydrogen-bonding ability of ILs were investigated. The interaction of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A) with ILs has a strong influence on PAEKs synthesis. Various moderate molecular weight PAEKs have been obtained in high yields with molecular weights ranging from 10000 to 18000g mol-1.
基金We thank the financial support from the Guangxi Key R&D Program(No.AB18221005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41965006 and 52170107)the Innovation Project of GUET Graduate Education(No.2021YCXS170).
文摘Functionalised mesoporous poly(ionic liquid)s are valuable carbon dioxide capture and conversion materials.Here,an imidazole poly(ionic liquid)PIL-s1-HCO_(3) with a mesoporous structure was formed by the copolymerisation of vinyl-modified ionic liquids and crosslinking agents.The material has excellent adsorption properties for carbon dioxide.Using it as the catalyst,the formylation of carbon dioxide with various amides was realised at room temperature and pressure without metal participation.In addition,the material is stable in performance,easily separated,and has good reusability.In this work,relying on the new PIL as a multi-functional platform,carbon dioxide capture and the transformation to high-value-added chemicals were completed simultaneously.
