BACKGROUND The decision to administer adjuvant chemotherapy to patients with local stage depends on specific high-risk features that are T4 tumor stage,presence of perineural invasion,lymphovascular invasion,poorly di...BACKGROUND The decision to administer adjuvant chemotherapy to patients with local stage depends on specific high-risk features that are T4 tumor stage,presence of perineural invasion,lymphovascular invasion,poorly differentiated tumor histology,inadequate lymph node sampling(fewer than 12 lymph nodes),and evidence of tumor perforation or obstruction.Tumor-stroma ratio,tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TIL),Crohn-like reaction(CLR),desmoid reaction,poorly differentiated clusters(PDC)are new pathological markers that are being studied.AIM To examine the relationship between new pathological markers and defined high METHODS We evaluated 155 patients with the diagnosis stage I and II colorectal cancer between the years 2007 and 2021 who were treated at Trakya University Hospital,Department of Medical Oncology.We divided those with and without high-risk factors into two groups.We examined the relationship of new pathological markers with these groups and with pathological markers in risk factors.RESULTS There was no statistically significant correlation between presence of TIL,presence of PDC,presence of tumor budding,presence of CLR,presence of desmoid reaction and low and high-risk groups according to the degree of those with PDC(P=0.82,P=0.51,P=0.77,P=0.37,P=0.83,respectively).In addition,no statistically significant correlation was found between the tumor-stroma ratio and low and high risk groups(P=0.80).We found a statistically significant correlation between the presence of PDC and the presence of PDC grade 3 and T stage(P=0.001,P=0.001,respectively).It was determined that the presence of PDC and the frequency of grade 3 PDC increased with the advanced T stage.CONCLUSION No relationship was found between the presence of new pathological markers and high-low risk groups.When we examined the relationship between new and old pathological markers,only the frequency of detection of PDC and PDC grade 3 was found to be correlated with advanced T stage.展开更多
The tumor,nodes,metastasis(TNM)staging system has long been the gold standard for the classification and prognosis of solid tumors.However,the TNM staging system is not without limitations.Prognostic heterogeneity exi...The tumor,nodes,metastasis(TNM)staging system has long been the gold standard for the classification and prognosis of solid tumors.However,the TNM staging system is not without limitations.Prognostic heterogeneity exists within patients at the same stage.Therefore,the pursuit of other biomarkers with the potential to classify patients with cancer has never stopped.One of them,tumor budding(TB),has gained much success in colorectal cancer.In recent years,TB in gastric cancer has attracted much attention from researchers,beginning to reveal the molecular and biological aspects of this phenomenon in gastric cancer,and has emerged as a promising prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer,predicting disease progression and unfavorable survival.Therefore,it is time and essential to provide a holistic overview of TB in gastric cancer,which has not been achieved and is the aim of this review.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The decision to administer adjuvant chemotherapy to patients with local stage depends on specific high-risk features that are T4 tumor stage,presence of perineural invasion,lymphovascular invasion,poorly differentiated tumor histology,inadequate lymph node sampling(fewer than 12 lymph nodes),and evidence of tumor perforation or obstruction.Tumor-stroma ratio,tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TIL),Crohn-like reaction(CLR),desmoid reaction,poorly differentiated clusters(PDC)are new pathological markers that are being studied.AIM To examine the relationship between new pathological markers and defined high METHODS We evaluated 155 patients with the diagnosis stage I and II colorectal cancer between the years 2007 and 2021 who were treated at Trakya University Hospital,Department of Medical Oncology.We divided those with and without high-risk factors into two groups.We examined the relationship of new pathological markers with these groups and with pathological markers in risk factors.RESULTS There was no statistically significant correlation between presence of TIL,presence of PDC,presence of tumor budding,presence of CLR,presence of desmoid reaction and low and high-risk groups according to the degree of those with PDC(P=0.82,P=0.51,P=0.77,P=0.37,P=0.83,respectively).In addition,no statistically significant correlation was found between the tumor-stroma ratio and low and high risk groups(P=0.80).We found a statistically significant correlation between the presence of PDC and the presence of PDC grade 3 and T stage(P=0.001,P=0.001,respectively).It was determined that the presence of PDC and the frequency of grade 3 PDC increased with the advanced T stage.CONCLUSION No relationship was found between the presence of new pathological markers and high-low risk groups.When we examined the relationship between new and old pathological markers,only the frequency of detection of PDC and PDC grade 3 was found to be correlated with advanced T stage.
基金the Health Commission of Mianyang City and the Science and Education Department of the Third Hospital of Mianyang for their support
文摘The tumor,nodes,metastasis(TNM)staging system has long been the gold standard for the classification and prognosis of solid tumors.However,the TNM staging system is not without limitations.Prognostic heterogeneity exists within patients at the same stage.Therefore,the pursuit of other biomarkers with the potential to classify patients with cancer has never stopped.One of them,tumor budding(TB),has gained much success in colorectal cancer.In recent years,TB in gastric cancer has attracted much attention from researchers,beginning to reveal the molecular and biological aspects of this phenomenon in gastric cancer,and has emerged as a promising prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer,predicting disease progression and unfavorable survival.Therefore,it is time and essential to provide a holistic overview of TB in gastric cancer,which has not been achieved and is the aim of this review.
