The objective of present study was to investigate the antioxidative and cardioprotective effects of polyphenol extracts from sea buckthorn (PESB) against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). PESB was analyze...The objective of present study was to investigate the antioxidative and cardioprotective effects of polyphenol extracts from sea buckthorn (PESB) against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). PESB was analyzed using HPLC-DAD and their antioxidant activities were evaluated by measuring the intrinsic free radicals cavenging capacity and inhibiting the formation of hydroxyl radical capacity. Experiments on the isolated rat hearts were carried out according to the improved Langendorff retrograde perfusion technology. Coronary effluent of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activities were analyzed to determine the extent of myocardial injury. Protein expression levels of Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) I and II were measured to evaluate the degree of autophagy. In conclusion, coupled results from both in vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed that PESB has potential health implications in both prevention and amelioration of MIRI, which may be attributed to the inhibition of autophagy.展开更多
The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic property of peanut shell polyphenol extracts （PSPEs）. Diabetic rats were oral-administrated with PSPE at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight （BW） per d...The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic property of peanut shell polyphenol extracts （PSPEs）. Diabetic rats were oral-administrated with PSPE at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight （BW） per day for 28 consecutive days, with metformin （Met） as a positive control. The results showed that, similar to the Met treatment, administration of PSPE caused significant decreases in food intake, water intake, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde in serum, and significant increases in BW, insulin level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and liver gly- cogen. Further, glucose tolerance was markedly improved in the PSPE-treated diabetic groups. Histopathological results showed that PSPE improved cellular structural and pathological changes in liver, kidney, and pancreatic islets. Collectively, the results indicated that the hypoglycemic effects of PSPE on high-fat diet/streptozotocin （HFD/STZ）induced diabetes are comparable to Met, though their exact mechanism actions are still under investigation. Therefore, the current study suggests that PSPE could be a potential health-care food supplement in the management of diabetes.展开更多
Anthocyanins are a type of flavonoid widely found in various plants.These compounds account for a wide spectrum of colors,nutritional value,and biological activities of plant tissues.Nevertheless,the chemical instabil...Anthocyanins are a type of flavonoid widely found in various plants.These compounds account for a wide spectrum of colors,nutritional value,and biological activities of plant tissues.Nevertheless,the chemical instability of anthocyanins in aqueous solutions limits their application in the food industry.This study sys-tematically investigated the effects of natural polyphenol extracts from blueberry(BEB),blackberry(BAB),sea-buckthorn(SB),and Nitraria tangutorum(NA)on the stability of raspberry anthocyanins.Based on the analysis results of total anthocyanins and monomer content,natural polyphenol extracts from BEB,BAB,and NA co-incubated with anthocyanins at a 1:10(v/v)ratio significantly prolonged the half-life(t1/2)of both individual anthocyanins and total anthocyanins.SB,however,exhibited negligible protective effects.This indicates that anthocyanin stability is positively correlated with the amount of phenolic additives.Specifically,at a 1:10 ratio,the polyphenols extracted from NA,BEB,and BAB prolonged the t_(1/2) of cyanidin 3-acacetin by 183.54%,172.94%,and 36.11%,respectively.The extent of the observed prolongation exhibited a strong correlation with the total polyphenol content of each composite.Equivalent trends were observed from cyanidin-3-O-glucoside(Peak 4;73.69%,63.98%,186.62%)and pelargonidin-3-glucoside(Peak 6;38.13%,68.26%,38.31%).Our study demonstrated that natural polyphenol extracts from BEB,BAB,and NA can effectively enhance the stability of raspberry anthocyanins.This provides a new strategy for developing anthocyanin products that combine high stability with beneficial health.展开更多
The phenc, lic compounds found in mango fruit are antioxidants, and contribute to a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Mango carotenoids are synthesized in mango fruit during ripening. A major by-produc...The phenc, lic compounds found in mango fruit are antioxidants, and contribute to a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Mango carotenoids are synthesized in mango fruit during ripening. A major by-product of mango fruit is the skin, which is available after the fruits is consumed or used, particularly in the preparation of jams and fruit juices by the fruit canning industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary mango skin （MS） or mango skin combined with paprika extracts （PE） on production performance, egg quality, and egg yolk polyphenols. Total of 60 44-week-old Boris Brown hens was assigned, based on egg production rate and body weight, to 6 groups （10 birds in each group）. The laying hens were fed a basal diet （control group, 18 CP, 2,800 kcal/kg ME）, a basal diet supplemented with 0.1% PE, 1% or 5% MS, or with a mixture of 0.1% PE with 1% or 5% MS respectively. During the three-week experimental feeding period, the birds had free access to feed and water. Feed consumption was measured weekly and egg production was recorded daily. The results for initial body weight, feed consumption, hen-day production, egg mass, mortality, and final body weight did not indicate any effects of the different treatments （P 〉 0.05）. There were no significant differences （P 〉 0.05） in shell-breaking strength, shell thickness, shell ratio, yolk ratio or Haugh units, except in the case of egg yolk color. Roche yolk color fan scores were better in all experimental groups than in the control （P 〈 0.0001）. The yolk color, yellow index, and ratio of redness to yellowness were greater （P 〈 0.0001） in the 0.1% PE, the 0.1% PE ＋ 1% MS, and the 0.1% PE ＋ 5% MS group than in the 1%, 5% MS, and control groups. Compared with the control, lightness was decreased significantly in the 0.1% PE, the 0.1% PE ＋ 1% MS, and the 0.1% PE ＋ 5% MS groups （P 〈 0.05）, whereas redness was increased significantly in the 0.1% PE, 0.1% PE ＋ 1% MS, and 0.1% PE ＋ 5% MS groups （P 〈 0.0001）. No significant differences among the treatments were observed in either yellowness or egg yolk polyphenols. The results of the present experiment indicate that dietary mango skin or mango skin combined with paprika extracts did not show adverse effects on production performance, egg quality or egg yolk polyphenols. Moreover, supplementation with only mango skin did not enhance egg yolk color.展开更多
Active ingredients from highland barley have received considerable attention as natural products for developing treatments and dietary supplements against obesity.In practical application,the research of food combinat...Active ingredients from highland barley have received considerable attention as natural products for developing treatments and dietary supplements against obesity.In practical application,the research of food combinations is more significant than a specific food component.This study investigated the lipid-lowering effect of highland barley polyphenols via lipase assay in vitro and HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid(OA).Five indexes,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(T-CHO),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),were used to evaluate the lipidlowering effect of highland barley extract.We also preliminary studied the lipid-lowering mechanism by Realtime fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR).The results indicated that highland barley extract contains many components with lipid-lowering effects,such as hyperoside and scoparone.In vitro,the lipase assay showed an 18.4%lipase inhibition rate when the additive contents of highland barley extract were 100μg/m L.The intracellular lipid-lowering effect of highland barley extract was examined using 0.25 mmol/L OA-induced HepG2 cells.The results showed that intracellular TG,LDL-C,and T-CHO content decreased by 34.4%,51.2%,and 18.4%,respectively.ALT and AST decreased by 51.6%and 20.7%compared with the untreated hyperlipidemic HepG2 cells.q PCR results showed that highland barley polyphenols could up-regulation the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes such as PPARγand Fabp4.展开更多
Interaction between dietary polyphenol and proteins including digestive enzymes may result in reduced digestibility of food macronutrients, thus lowering absorption of nutrients that contributing to high energy accumu...Interaction between dietary polyphenol and proteins including digestive enzymes may result in reduced digestibility of food macronutrients, thus lowering absorption of nutrients that contributing to high energy accumulation in human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of grape seed polyphenol extract （GSPE） on the digestibility of starch, food lipid and food protein by digestive enzymes such as u-amylase, lipase, pepsin and trypsin. The digestion of each substrate was conducted at the optimal pH and temperature of specific enzyme. Bread containing different amount of grape pomace was used as a real food model and its digestion was conducted under simulated digestion condition. Concentrations of reducing sugar, fatty acid and amino acids in enzyme digested mixtures were determined as indicators of starch, lipid and protein digestions, respectively. Results indicate that GSPE significantly inhibited the digestion of starch, cooking oil and casein, but did not inhibit digestion of whey protein and egg white protein. Instead, the digestion of egg white and whey protein by trypsin was moderately enhanced in the presence of GSPE. However, under simulated human digestion condition, the grape pomace in the bread significantly reduced the digestibility of bread starch and protein.展开更多
The objective of this research was to investigate the differences between local cigarette and foreign cigarette and supplied a base for improving the quality of cigarette. Different kinds of polyphenols and organic ac...The objective of this research was to investigate the differences between local cigarette and foreign cigarette and supplied a base for improving the quality of cigarette. Different kinds of polyphenols and organic acids in 11 different brand cigarette samples at home and abroad were classified by the method of cluster analysis. The results indicated that the 11 samples could be classified into 2 classes. Suyan, Furongwang, Chinese, Baisha, Dihao, Yunyan, Hongtashan belonged to type 1; foreign cigarettes that represented by Marboro, Blue pacific and Brazil cigarette belonged to type 2. The content of malic acid and citric acid in type 1was higher than type 2, the content of malonic acid was higher in type 2, and there is no difference between the type 1 and type 2 about the content of polyphenols. In conclusion, the content of malic acid and citric in Chinese cigarettes was higher than foreign, but the content of malonic acid was lower than foreign. There is no difference between Chinese cigarettes and foreign cigarettes about the content of polyphenols.展开更多
Unwashed surimi(UWS)is susceptible to severe lipid oxidation during frozen storage,yet the underlying mechanism remained poorly understood and methods to solve this problem were limited.This study aimed to elucidate t...Unwashed surimi(UWS)is susceptible to severe lipid oxidation during frozen storage,yet the underlying mechanism remained poorly understood and methods to solve this problem were limited.This study aimed to elucidate the core oxidative pathways in frozen UWS and screen for potent,food-derived polyphenolic antiox-idants.We systematically investigated the effects of 17 food polyphenol extracts(FPEs),revealing a novel mechanistic insight:hemoglobin(Hb)autoxidation is the primary source of the hydroxyl radical(⋅OH),which directly triggers lipid oxidation.Correlation analysis further confirmed that lipid oxidation was significantly and positively correlated with Hb autoxidation and the activities of key radical-producing enzymes,specifically xanthine oxidase(XOD)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS).Among the tested FPEs,apple polyphenol extract demonstrated unparalleled efficacy,inhibiting thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARs)formation by 67%after three freeze-thaw cycles(P<0.05).Mechanistically,its superiority stems from a dual-action capability:it not only exhibited strong free radical-scavenging activity(2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS⋅^(+))scavenging>75%)but also potently inhibited key pro-oxidative enzymes,with remarkable inhibition rates against lipoxygenase(LOX,92.15%)and,crucially,XOD(98.04%).These findings provide a crucial theoretical basis for selecting highly effective natural antioxidants to delay lipid oxidation and enhance the frozen storage quality of UWS.展开更多
In this study, the effects of hot water temperature on clarity, total soluble solids, polyphenol oxidase （PPO） and color of banana juice during hot water ex-traction were discussed based on the theory in which heat ...In this study, the effects of hot water temperature on clarity, total soluble solids, polyphenol oxidase （PPO） and color of banana juice during hot water ex-traction were discussed based on the theory in which heat treatment might induce the pectin and protein in banana pulp to form insoluble products. The results showed the hot water temperature had a significant effect on the formation of insol-uble polymers in banana pulp from pectin and protein. In 75 ℃ water, the pectin and protein in banana pulp were most inclined to form insoluble products. Under this condition, the clarity of banana juice was also highest. The light transmittance at 660 nm was close to 90%. In the banana juice, extracted by 75 ℃ water, the pectin and protein contents were lowest, and they were lower than 7.3 mg/100 ml and 12.9 mg/100 ml respectively. The 75 ℃ water could not inactivate completely the pectin in banana pulp due to its high heat resistance, Therefore, 0.05% L-cys-teine or ascorbic acid needed to be added into banana pulp to inhibit the browning of juice induced by residual PPO.展开更多
Development of novel packaging is one of the research hotspots in food industry. In this study, a biodegradablefilm substrate was constructed with sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin (GEL), rose polyphenol extract (RPE) ...Development of novel packaging is one of the research hotspots in food industry. In this study, a biodegradablefilm substrate was constructed with sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin (GEL), rose polyphenol extract (RPE) wasinvolved in which to prepare active packaging film, and its application in edible oil packaging was evaluated. Asthe volume ratio of SA to GEL was 7:3 (SA7-GEL3), an optimal tensile strength and elongation at break of the filmwere obtained, which were 51.47 MPa and 27.05%, respectively. When incorporating RPE into the film, itsmechanical properties reduced while opacity and antioxidative activity increased significantly as compared tothe SA7-GEL3 films. The release of RPE in 50%, 95% ethanol solution were lower than that in water after 240 h,indicated its feasibility for packaging high-fat food. As applied the 0.3RPE film in packaging edible oils, itsapplication form in bag packaging had significantly higher antioxidative properties than top-covering. Comparedto plastic ziplock bag packaging, the shelf life of sunflower oil and lard packaged in 0.3RPE film bags extended by110 days and 71 days, respectively. This work suggested a promising alternative food packaging material withbiodegradable substrate and RPE. It could provide a new idea for packaging edible oils that rich in unsaturatedfatty acids and novel strategy of using by-products of edible rose processing.展开更多
Green tea has been an important beverage for humans since ancient times, widely consumed and considered to have health benefits by traditional medicine in Asian countries. Green tea phenolic compounds are predominatel...Green tea has been an important beverage for humans since ancient times, widely consumed and considered to have health benefits by traditional medicine in Asian countries. Green tea phenolic compounds are predominately composed of catechin derivatives, although other compounds such as flavonols and phenolic acids are also present in lower proportion. The bioactivity exerted by these compounds has been associated with reduced risk of severe illnesses such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Particularly, epigallocatechin gallate has been implicated in alteration mechanisms with protective effect in these diseases as indicated by several studies about the effect of green tea consumption and mechanistic explanation through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The biological activity of green tea phenolic compounds also promotes a protective effect by antioxidant mechanisms in biological and food systems, preventing the oxidative damage by acting over either precursors or reactive species. Extraction of phenolic compounds influences the antioxidant activity and promotes adequate separation from green tea leaves to enhance the yield and/or antioxidant activity. Application of green tea phenolic compounds is of great interest because the antioxidant status of the products is enhanced and provides the product with additional antioxidant activity or reduces the undesirable changes of oxidative reactions while processing or storing food.In this scenario, meat and meat products are greatly influenced by oxidative deterioration and microbial spoilage, leading to reduced shelf life. Green tea extracts rich in phenolic compounds have been applied to increase shelf life with comparable effect to synthetic compounds, commonly used by food industry. Green tea has great importance in general health in technological application, however more studies are necessary to elucidate the impact in pathways related to other diseases and food applications.展开更多
The antioxidant and antitumor effects as well as the immunomodulatory activities of crude and purified polyphenol extract from blueberries were investigated. The antioxidant and antitumor effects of the polyphenol ext...The antioxidant and antitumor effects as well as the immunomodulatory activities of crude and purified polyphenol extract from blueberries were investigated. The antioxidant and antitumor effects of the polyphenol extract were measured both in vitro and in vivo, and their effect on the immune systems of CD-1 tumor-bearing mice were also analyzed. In vitro assays demonstrated that blueberry purified polyphenol extract （BBPP） exhibited higher antioxidant activities than blueberry crude polyphenol extract （BBCP）, but the opposite effect was observed in vivo. Both the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity and the immunity assay showed that BBCP not only inhibited tumor growth, but also significantly improved the immunity of the mice. According to physical and histological studies, the CD-1 tumor-bearing mice treated with the polyphenol extract, especially high doses of BBCP experienced a higher quality of life than the positive control group （treated with cyclophosphamide）. These results indicate that BBCP has significant antioxidant and antitumor activities and that it can enhance the immunity of CD-1 tumor-bearing mice.展开更多
Objective：To investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of apple polyphenols extract（APE）in Triton WR-1339-induced endogenous hyperlipidemic model.Methods：Firstly,APE was isolated and purified from the pomace of ...Objective：To investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of apple polyphenols extract（APE）in Triton WR-1339-induced endogenous hyperlipidemic model.Methods：Firstly,APE was isolated and purified from the pomace of Red Fuji Apple and contents of individual polyphenols in APE were determined using highperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS）.Secondly,forty male National Institude of Health（NIH）mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 animals in each group.The Fenofibrate Capsules（FC）group and APE groups received oral administration of respective drugs for 7 consecutive days.All mice except those in the normal group were intravenously injected through tail vein with Triton WR-1339 on the6th day.Serum and livers from all the mice were obtained 18 h after the injection.The changes in serum total cholesterol（TC）,triglyceride（TG）,lipoprotein lipase（LPL）and hepatic triglyceride lipase（HTGL）were measured by respective kits.Finally,expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha（PPARα）mRNA was measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）method.Results：Serum TC and TG levels significantly increased in Triton WR-1339-induced model group compared with the normal group（P〈0.01）.Oral administration of APE[200 and 400 mg/（kg·day）]dose-dependently reduced the serum level of TG in hyperlipidemic mice（P〈0.01）.Serum LPL and HTGL activities significantly decreased in Triton WR-1339-induced model group compared with the normal group（P〈0.05）.Oral administration of APE[200 and 400 mg/（kg·day）]dose-dependently elevated the serum activity of LPL in hyperlipidemic mice（P〈0.05or P〈0.01）.Furthermore,compared with the normal group,hepatic mRNA level of PPARαin the model group significantly decreased（P〈0.01）.Oral administration of APE[200 and 400 mg/（kg·day）]dose-dependently elevated the expression of PPARαin hyperlipidemic mice（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）.Conclusion：APE could reduce TG level via up-regulation of LPL activity,which provides new evidence to elucidate the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of APE.展开更多
Background Acacia seyal gum(ASG)is an abundant source of natural polyphenolic compounds(NPPCs)and antioxidant activity with numerous benefits and is often used in cancer treatment.The type of extraction technique can ...Background Acacia seyal gum(ASG)is an abundant source of natural polyphenolic compounds(NPPCs)and antioxidant activity with numerous benefits and is often used in cancer treatment.The type of extraction technique can significantly impact the yield and isolation of NPPCs from ASG.The traditional use of maceration extraction reportedly yields fewer NPPCs.Objectives This study investigated five extraction techniques for NPPCs and ASG antioxidant activity,namely:homogenisation,shaking,ultrasonication,magneticstirring,andmaceration.Materials and methods The evaluation of the antioxidant activity(AoA)of the extracted NPPCs from ASG used five assays,namely:total flavonoids content,Folin-Ciocalteu index,2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity,ferric reducing antioxidant power,and cupric reducingantioxidantcapacity.Results To minimise the data set dimensionality requires principal component analysis.The ultrasonic and maceration techniques were the best techniques to extract NPPCs and examine the AoA of ASG,with a high correlation between the NPPCs and AoA.However,the maceration process was slow(12 h)compared to ultrasonication(1 h).Slow extraction can result in a decline of the NPPCs due to polyphenol oxidase-enzyme and impact productivity.Conclusions These findings provide an essential guide for the choice of extraction techniques for the effective extraction of NPPCs from ASG and other plant materials.展开更多
In this study,spouted bed technology was applied to the protection and functionalization of polyphenolic rosemary extracts.First,solid-liquid extraction was performed at 25℃with ethanol-water.The ethanol-water ratio ...In this study,spouted bed technology was applied to the protection and functionalization of polyphenolic rosemary extracts.First,solid-liquid extraction was performed at 25℃with ethanol-water.The ethanol-water ratio was chosen to obtain high phenolic acid and diterpene concentrations in the extract.The selected solvent composition gave liquid extracts that could be directly added to a coating mixture for feeding into a spouted bed apparatus.Thus,no preliminary solvent exchange or evaporation of the extraction solvent to dryness was required.Food grade Paselli MD 6 maltodextrin and HiCap 100 modified starch were used as inert core and shell materials in the spouted bed encapsulation process under mild operating conditions.The antioxidant activity of the fresh extract was retained during processing,which indicated that the active constituents were preserved and quantitatively transferred into the encapsulated formulations,which were readily soluble in water.The obtained powders were composed of nearly spherical particles.Their compositions,water solubilities,and particle morphologies make them a strong candidate for food and beverage applications as natural antioxidants,preservatives,or functional ingredients.展开更多
Cereal grains,millets in particular,are known to contain health-beneficial phenolic compounds.Despite the fact that various studies have been performed worldwide,the need of hour is to find the benefecial effect of di...Cereal grains,millets in particular,are known to contain health-beneficial phenolic compounds.Despite the fact that various studies have been performed worldwide,the need of hour is to find the benefecial effect of dietary polyphenols against obesity,which is a serious health concern.The current study aimed to investigate the anti-adipogenic effect of the polyphenols of selected cereal grains(pearl millet,proso millet,little millet,kodo millet,barnyard millet,and foxtail millet)using 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Polyphenols were extracted from six different cereal grains using different solvents under various conditions.The anti-adipogenic effect of polyphenol-rich extracts from grains was evaluated by means of analyzing lipid accumulation using oil red-O staining,triglycerides content,and the expression of adipogenic markers in 3T3-L1 cells.The total polyphenol content was comparatively higher in ethanol(80%)extracts of the millets.The polyphenolic profile of millets on HPLC revealed different compositions of phenolic compounds in each grain,which mainly included the phenolic acids and the flavonoids.Ethanol extract of proso millet significantly suppressed the intracellular lipid accumulation,and also the triglycerides content.Further,the grain polyphenolic compounds significantly down-regulated the expression of PPARγ,CEBPα,FAS,SREBP-1c,and pSREBP at both the early and late phase of adipogenesis.It is understood from our study that cereal grain polyphenols have the potential to redress the adipogenic effect in vitro.展开更多
To explore the contribution of gut microbiota to the ameliorative effects of apple polyphenols extract(APE)on body weight(BW)gain induced by high-carbohydrate-diet,C57BL/6 male mice were fed with standard diet(CON),co...To explore the contribution of gut microbiota to the ameliorative effects of apple polyphenols extract(APE)on body weight(BW)gain induced by high-carbohydrate-diet,C57BL/6 male mice were fed with standard diet(CON),conventional high carbohydrates diet(HCD)and high simple carbohydrates diet(HSCD)with or without APE intervention for 12 consecutive weeks.The composition and differences of microbiota at 6th and 12th weeks were analyzed using LEfSe and STAMP.Significantly increased BW accompanied by obviously increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Dubosiella abundance,decreased abundances of Verrucomicrobia,Proteobacteria,Akkermansia and Parabacteroides were observed in HCD and HSCD groups compared to the CON group 12 weeks later.Additionally,the BW gain in HSCD was different from that in HCD,which was lower within the first 6 weeks than HCD,then was reversed during the next 6 weeks and led to relatively higher final BW.However,APE intervention,especially the high dose,reduced the BW and restored microbiota disorder,especially obviously decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the abundance of Dubosiella,and increased abundances of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia,which also displayed significant difference to the data at 6th week after APE intervention,this partly explained the ameliorated effects of APE on BW control presently.Furthermore,Akkermansia might be the primary target genus for APE intervention to regulate gut microbiota and affect BW.Thus,our study supported the more adverse effects of HSCD on BW than HCD,and APE might be a promising nutraceutical for BW control by restoring microbiota compositions and enriching Akkermansia.展开更多
文摘The objective of present study was to investigate the antioxidative and cardioprotective effects of polyphenol extracts from sea buckthorn (PESB) against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). PESB was analyzed using HPLC-DAD and their antioxidant activities were evaluated by measuring the intrinsic free radicals cavenging capacity and inhibiting the formation of hydroxyl radical capacity. Experiments on the isolated rat hearts were carried out according to the improved Langendorff retrograde perfusion technology. Coronary effluent of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activities were analyzed to determine the extent of myocardial injury. Protein expression levels of Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) I and II were measured to evaluate the degree of autophagy. In conclusion, coupled results from both in vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed that PESB has potential health implications in both prevention and amelioration of MIRI, which may be attributed to the inhibition of autophagy.
基金Project supported by the China Scholarship Council(No.201306175110)the Major Scientific and Technological Research Project of Jilin Province(No.20140204048NY),China
文摘The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic property of peanut shell polyphenol extracts （PSPEs）. Diabetic rats were oral-administrated with PSPE at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight （BW） per day for 28 consecutive days, with metformin （Met） as a positive control. The results showed that, similar to the Met treatment, administration of PSPE caused significant decreases in food intake, water intake, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde in serum, and significant increases in BW, insulin level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and liver gly- cogen. Further, glucose tolerance was markedly improved in the PSPE-treated diabetic groups. Histopathological results showed that PSPE improved cellular structural and pathological changes in liver, kidney, and pancreatic islets. Collectively, the results indicated that the hypoglycemic effects of PSPE on high-fat diet/streptozotocin （HFD/STZ）induced diabetes are comparable to Met, though their exact mechanism actions are still under investigation. Therefore, the current study suggests that PSPE could be a potential health-care food supplement in the management of diabetes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation[grant number 32260113]Qinghai Provincial Science Foundation[grant number 2024-SF-126].
文摘Anthocyanins are a type of flavonoid widely found in various plants.These compounds account for a wide spectrum of colors,nutritional value,and biological activities of plant tissues.Nevertheless,the chemical instability of anthocyanins in aqueous solutions limits their application in the food industry.This study sys-tematically investigated the effects of natural polyphenol extracts from blueberry(BEB),blackberry(BAB),sea-buckthorn(SB),and Nitraria tangutorum(NA)on the stability of raspberry anthocyanins.Based on the analysis results of total anthocyanins and monomer content,natural polyphenol extracts from BEB,BAB,and NA co-incubated with anthocyanins at a 1:10(v/v)ratio significantly prolonged the half-life(t1/2)of both individual anthocyanins and total anthocyanins.SB,however,exhibited negligible protective effects.This indicates that anthocyanin stability is positively correlated with the amount of phenolic additives.Specifically,at a 1:10 ratio,the polyphenols extracted from NA,BEB,and BAB prolonged the t_(1/2) of cyanidin 3-acacetin by 183.54%,172.94%,and 36.11%,respectively.The extent of the observed prolongation exhibited a strong correlation with the total polyphenol content of each composite.Equivalent trends were observed from cyanidin-3-O-glucoside(Peak 4;73.69%,63.98%,186.62%)and pelargonidin-3-glucoside(Peak 6;38.13%,68.26%,38.31%).Our study demonstrated that natural polyphenol extracts from BEB,BAB,and NA can effectively enhance the stability of raspberry anthocyanins.This provides a new strategy for developing anthocyanin products that combine high stability with beneficial health.
文摘The phenc, lic compounds found in mango fruit are antioxidants, and contribute to a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Mango carotenoids are synthesized in mango fruit during ripening. A major by-product of mango fruit is the skin, which is available after the fruits is consumed or used, particularly in the preparation of jams and fruit juices by the fruit canning industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary mango skin （MS） or mango skin combined with paprika extracts （PE） on production performance, egg quality, and egg yolk polyphenols. Total of 60 44-week-old Boris Brown hens was assigned, based on egg production rate and body weight, to 6 groups （10 birds in each group）. The laying hens were fed a basal diet （control group, 18 CP, 2,800 kcal/kg ME）, a basal diet supplemented with 0.1% PE, 1% or 5% MS, or with a mixture of 0.1% PE with 1% or 5% MS respectively. During the three-week experimental feeding period, the birds had free access to feed and water. Feed consumption was measured weekly and egg production was recorded daily. The results for initial body weight, feed consumption, hen-day production, egg mass, mortality, and final body weight did not indicate any effects of the different treatments （P 〉 0.05）. There were no significant differences （P 〉 0.05） in shell-breaking strength, shell thickness, shell ratio, yolk ratio or Haugh units, except in the case of egg yolk color. Roche yolk color fan scores were better in all experimental groups than in the control （P 〈 0.0001）. The yolk color, yellow index, and ratio of redness to yellowness were greater （P 〈 0.0001） in the 0.1% PE, the 0.1% PE ＋ 1% MS, and the 0.1% PE ＋ 5% MS group than in the 1%, 5% MS, and control groups. Compared with the control, lightness was decreased significantly in the 0.1% PE, the 0.1% PE ＋ 1% MS, and the 0.1% PE ＋ 5% MS groups （P 〈 0.05）, whereas redness was increased significantly in the 0.1% PE, 0.1% PE ＋ 1% MS, and 0.1% PE ＋ 5% MS groups （P 〈 0.0001）. No significant differences among the treatments were observed in either yellowness or egg yolk polyphenols. The results of the present experiment indicate that dietary mango skin or mango skin combined with paprika extracts did not show adverse effects on production performance, egg quality or egg yolk polyphenols. Moreover, supplementation with only mango skin did not enhance egg yolk color.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2100904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871729,32172147)+2 种基金the Modern Agriculture key Project of Jiangsu Province of China(BE2022317)the Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction Project of Jiangsu Province of China(JATS[2021]522)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Active ingredients from highland barley have received considerable attention as natural products for developing treatments and dietary supplements against obesity.In practical application,the research of food combinations is more significant than a specific food component.This study investigated the lipid-lowering effect of highland barley polyphenols via lipase assay in vitro and HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid(OA).Five indexes,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(T-CHO),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),were used to evaluate the lipidlowering effect of highland barley extract.We also preliminary studied the lipid-lowering mechanism by Realtime fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR).The results indicated that highland barley extract contains many components with lipid-lowering effects,such as hyperoside and scoparone.In vitro,the lipase assay showed an 18.4%lipase inhibition rate when the additive contents of highland barley extract were 100μg/m L.The intracellular lipid-lowering effect of highland barley extract was examined using 0.25 mmol/L OA-induced HepG2 cells.The results showed that intracellular TG,LDL-C,and T-CHO content decreased by 34.4%,51.2%,and 18.4%,respectively.ALT and AST decreased by 51.6%and 20.7%compared with the untreated hyperlipidemic HepG2 cells.q PCR results showed that highland barley polyphenols could up-regulation the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes such as PPARγand Fabp4.
文摘Interaction between dietary polyphenol and proteins including digestive enzymes may result in reduced digestibility of food macronutrients, thus lowering absorption of nutrients that contributing to high energy accumulation in human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of grape seed polyphenol extract （GSPE） on the digestibility of starch, food lipid and food protein by digestive enzymes such as u-amylase, lipase, pepsin and trypsin. The digestion of each substrate was conducted at the optimal pH and temperature of specific enzyme. Bread containing different amount of grape pomace was used as a real food model and its digestion was conducted under simulated digestion condition. Concentrations of reducing sugar, fatty acid and amino acids in enzyme digested mixtures were determined as indicators of starch, lipid and protein digestions, respectively. Results indicate that GSPE significantly inhibited the digestion of starch, cooking oil and casein, but did not inhibit digestion of whey protein and egg white protein. Instead, the digestion of egg white and whey protein by trypsin was moderately enhanced in the presence of GSPE. However, under simulated human digestion condition, the grape pomace in the bread significantly reduced the digestibility of bread starch and protein.
基金Supported by China tobacco Yunnan industrial Co.,Ltd(2011JCO1-3)
文摘The objective of this research was to investigate the differences between local cigarette and foreign cigarette and supplied a base for improving the quality of cigarette. Different kinds of polyphenols and organic acids in 11 different brand cigarette samples at home and abroad were classified by the method of cluster analysis. The results indicated that the 11 samples could be classified into 2 classes. Suyan, Furongwang, Chinese, Baisha, Dihao, Yunyan, Hongtashan belonged to type 1; foreign cigarettes that represented by Marboro, Blue pacific and Brazil cigarette belonged to type 2. The content of malic acid and citric acid in type 1was higher than type 2, the content of malonic acid was higher in type 2, and there is no difference between the type 1 and type 2 about the content of polyphenols. In conclusion, the content of malic acid and citric in Chinese cigarettes was higher than foreign, but the content of malonic acid was lower than foreign. There is no difference between Chinese cigarettes and foreign cigarettes about the content of polyphenols.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372412).
文摘Unwashed surimi(UWS)is susceptible to severe lipid oxidation during frozen storage,yet the underlying mechanism remained poorly understood and methods to solve this problem were limited.This study aimed to elucidate the core oxidative pathways in frozen UWS and screen for potent,food-derived polyphenolic antiox-idants.We systematically investigated the effects of 17 food polyphenol extracts(FPEs),revealing a novel mechanistic insight:hemoglobin(Hb)autoxidation is the primary source of the hydroxyl radical(⋅OH),which directly triggers lipid oxidation.Correlation analysis further confirmed that lipid oxidation was significantly and positively correlated with Hb autoxidation and the activities of key radical-producing enzymes,specifically xanthine oxidase(XOD)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS).Among the tested FPEs,apple polyphenol extract demonstrated unparalleled efficacy,inhibiting thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARs)formation by 67%after three freeze-thaw cycles(P<0.05).Mechanistically,its superiority stems from a dual-action capability:it not only exhibited strong free radical-scavenging activity(2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS⋅^(+))scavenging>75%)but also potently inhibited key pro-oxidative enzymes,with remarkable inhibition rates against lipoxygenase(LOX,92.15%)and,crucially,XOD(98.04%).These findings provide a crucial theoretical basis for selecting highly effective natural antioxidants to delay lipid oxidation and enhance the frozen storage quality of UWS.
基金Supported by the Key Project of the National Twelfth-Five Year Research Program of China(2012BAD31B03)Guangdong Province Science and Technology Project(2011B010100041)~~
文摘In this study, the effects of hot water temperature on clarity, total soluble solids, polyphenol oxidase （PPO） and color of banana juice during hot water ex-traction were discussed based on the theory in which heat treatment might induce the pectin and protein in banana pulp to form insoluble products. The results showed the hot water temperature had a significant effect on the formation of insol-uble polymers in banana pulp from pectin and protein. In 75 ℃ water, the pectin and protein in banana pulp were most inclined to form insoluble products. Under this condition, the clarity of banana juice was also highest. The light transmittance at 660 nm was close to 90%. In the banana juice, extracted by 75 ℃ water, the pectin and protein contents were lowest, and they were lower than 7.3 mg/100 ml and 12.9 mg/100 ml respectively. The 75 ℃ water could not inactivate completely the pectin in banana pulp due to its high heat resistance, Therefore, 0.05% L-cys-teine or ascorbic acid needed to be added into banana pulp to inhibit the browning of juice induced by residual PPO.
基金supported by the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Jiangsu Province(202410295126Y).
文摘Development of novel packaging is one of the research hotspots in food industry. In this study, a biodegradablefilm substrate was constructed with sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin (GEL), rose polyphenol extract (RPE) wasinvolved in which to prepare active packaging film, and its application in edible oil packaging was evaluated. Asthe volume ratio of SA to GEL was 7:3 (SA7-GEL3), an optimal tensile strength and elongation at break of the filmwere obtained, which were 51.47 MPa and 27.05%, respectively. When incorporating RPE into the film, itsmechanical properties reduced while opacity and antioxidative activity increased significantly as compared tothe SA7-GEL3 films. The release of RPE in 50%, 95% ethanol solution were lower than that in water after 240 h,indicated its feasibility for packaging high-fat food. As applied the 0.3RPE film in packaging edible oils, itsapplication form in bag packaging had significantly higher antioxidative properties than top-covering. Comparedto plastic ziplock bag packaging, the shelf life of sunflower oil and lard packaged in 0.3RPE film bags extended by110 days and 71 days, respectively. This work suggested a promising alternative food packaging material withbiodegradable substrate and RPE. It could provide a new idea for packaging edible oils that rich in unsaturatedfatty acids and novel strategy of using by-products of edible rose processing.
基金National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq No.248705/2013-0)
文摘Green tea has been an important beverage for humans since ancient times, widely consumed and considered to have health benefits by traditional medicine in Asian countries. Green tea phenolic compounds are predominately composed of catechin derivatives, although other compounds such as flavonols and phenolic acids are also present in lower proportion. The bioactivity exerted by these compounds has been associated with reduced risk of severe illnesses such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Particularly, epigallocatechin gallate has been implicated in alteration mechanisms with protective effect in these diseases as indicated by several studies about the effect of green tea consumption and mechanistic explanation through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The biological activity of green tea phenolic compounds also promotes a protective effect by antioxidant mechanisms in biological and food systems, preventing the oxidative damage by acting over either precursors or reactive species. Extraction of phenolic compounds influences the antioxidant activity and promotes adequate separation from green tea leaves to enhance the yield and/or antioxidant activity. Application of green tea phenolic compounds is of great interest because the antioxidant status of the products is enhanced and provides the product with additional antioxidant activity or reduces the undesirable changes of oxidative reactions while processing or storing food.In this scenario, meat and meat products are greatly influenced by oxidative deterioration and microbial spoilage, leading to reduced shelf life. Green tea extracts rich in phenolic compounds have been applied to increase shelf life with comparable effect to synthetic compounds, commonly used by food industry. Green tea has great importance in general health in technological application, however more studies are necessary to elucidate the impact in pathways related to other diseases and food applications.
文摘The antioxidant and antitumor effects as well as the immunomodulatory activities of crude and purified polyphenol extract from blueberries were investigated. The antioxidant and antitumor effects of the polyphenol extract were measured both in vitro and in vivo, and their effect on the immune systems of CD-1 tumor-bearing mice were also analyzed. In vitro assays demonstrated that blueberry purified polyphenol extract （BBPP） exhibited higher antioxidant activities than blueberry crude polyphenol extract （BBCP）, but the opposite effect was observed in vivo. Both the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity and the immunity assay showed that BBCP not only inhibited tumor growth, but also significantly improved the immunity of the mice. According to physical and histological studies, the CD-1 tumor-bearing mice treated with the polyphenol extract, especially high doses of BBCP experienced a higher quality of life than the positive control group （treated with cyclophosphamide）. These results indicate that BBCP has significant antioxidant and antitumor activities and that it can enhance the immunity of CD-1 tumor-bearing mice.
文摘Objective：To investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of apple polyphenols extract（APE）in Triton WR-1339-induced endogenous hyperlipidemic model.Methods：Firstly,APE was isolated and purified from the pomace of Red Fuji Apple and contents of individual polyphenols in APE were determined using highperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS）.Secondly,forty male National Institude of Health（NIH）mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 animals in each group.The Fenofibrate Capsules（FC）group and APE groups received oral administration of respective drugs for 7 consecutive days.All mice except those in the normal group were intravenously injected through tail vein with Triton WR-1339 on the6th day.Serum and livers from all the mice were obtained 18 h after the injection.The changes in serum total cholesterol（TC）,triglyceride（TG）,lipoprotein lipase（LPL）and hepatic triglyceride lipase（HTGL）were measured by respective kits.Finally,expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha（PPARα）mRNA was measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）method.Results：Serum TC and TG levels significantly increased in Triton WR-1339-induced model group compared with the normal group（P〈0.01）.Oral administration of APE[200 and 400 mg/（kg·day）]dose-dependently reduced the serum level of TG in hyperlipidemic mice（P〈0.01）.Serum LPL and HTGL activities significantly decreased in Triton WR-1339-induced model group compared with the normal group（P〈0.05）.Oral administration of APE[200 and 400 mg/（kg·day）]dose-dependently elevated the serum activity of LPL in hyperlipidemic mice（P〈0.05or P〈0.01）.Furthermore,compared with the normal group,hepatic mRNA level of PPARαin the model group significantly decreased（P〈0.01）.Oral administration of APE[200 and 400 mg/（kg·day）]dose-dependently elevated the expression of PPARαin hyperlipidemic mice（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）.Conclusion：APE could reduce TG level via up-regulation of LPL activity,which provides new evidence to elucidate the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of APE.
基金funded by the Islamic Development Bank(IsDB) as a merit postdoctoral fellowship to the first author(Dr.Ahmed A.M.Elnour,grant No.2020-276278),Malaysia.
文摘Background Acacia seyal gum(ASG)is an abundant source of natural polyphenolic compounds(NPPCs)and antioxidant activity with numerous benefits and is often used in cancer treatment.The type of extraction technique can significantly impact the yield and isolation of NPPCs from ASG.The traditional use of maceration extraction reportedly yields fewer NPPCs.Objectives This study investigated five extraction techniques for NPPCs and ASG antioxidant activity,namely:homogenisation,shaking,ultrasonication,magneticstirring,andmaceration.Materials and methods The evaluation of the antioxidant activity(AoA)of the extracted NPPCs from ASG used five assays,namely:total flavonoids content,Folin-Ciocalteu index,2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity,ferric reducing antioxidant power,and cupric reducingantioxidantcapacity.Results To minimise the data set dimensionality requires principal component analysis.The ultrasonic and maceration techniques were the best techniques to extract NPPCs and examine the AoA of ASG,with a high correlation between the NPPCs and AoA.However,the maceration process was slow(12 h)compared to ultrasonication(1 h).Slow extraction can result in a decline of the NPPCs due to polyphenol oxidase-enzyme and impact productivity.Conclusions These findings provide an essential guide for the choice of extraction techniques for the effective extraction of NPPCs from ASG and other plant materials.
文摘In this study,spouted bed technology was applied to the protection and functionalization of polyphenolic rosemary extracts.First,solid-liquid extraction was performed at 25℃with ethanol-water.The ethanol-water ratio was chosen to obtain high phenolic acid and diterpene concentrations in the extract.The selected solvent composition gave liquid extracts that could be directly added to a coating mixture for feeding into a spouted bed apparatus.Thus,no preliminary solvent exchange or evaporation of the extraction solvent to dryness was required.Food grade Paselli MD 6 maltodextrin and HiCap 100 modified starch were used as inert core and shell materials in the spouted bed encapsulation process under mild operating conditions.The antioxidant activity of the fresh extract was retained during processing,which indicated that the active constituents were preserved and quantitatively transferred into the encapsulated formulations,which were readily soluble in water.The obtained powders were composed of nearly spherical particles.Their compositions,water solubilities,and particle morphologies make them a strong candidate for food and beverage applications as natural antioxidants,preservatives,or functional ingredients.
基金the Science and Engineering Research Board,Department of Science and Technology,New Delhi,India,for the award of National Post Doctoral Fellowshipthe Director of CSIR-CFTRI and CSIR-CLRI for the constant support.We thank Ellur Govindraj for his technical support in gene expression studies.
文摘Cereal grains,millets in particular,are known to contain health-beneficial phenolic compounds.Despite the fact that various studies have been performed worldwide,the need of hour is to find the benefecial effect of dietary polyphenols against obesity,which is a serious health concern.The current study aimed to investigate the anti-adipogenic effect of the polyphenols of selected cereal grains(pearl millet,proso millet,little millet,kodo millet,barnyard millet,and foxtail millet)using 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Polyphenols were extracted from six different cereal grains using different solvents under various conditions.The anti-adipogenic effect of polyphenol-rich extracts from grains was evaluated by means of analyzing lipid accumulation using oil red-O staining,triglycerides content,and the expression of adipogenic markers in 3T3-L1 cells.The total polyphenol content was comparatively higher in ethanol(80%)extracts of the millets.The polyphenolic profile of millets on HPLC revealed different compositions of phenolic compounds in each grain,which mainly included the phenolic acids and the flavonoids.Ethanol extract of proso millet significantly suppressed the intracellular lipid accumulation,and also the triglycerides content.Further,the grain polyphenolic compounds significantly down-regulated the expression of PPARγ,CEBPα,FAS,SREBP-1c,and pSREBP at both the early and late phase of adipogenesis.It is understood from our study that cereal grain polyphenols have the potential to redress the adipogenic effect in vitro.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81973023)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘To explore the contribution of gut microbiota to the ameliorative effects of apple polyphenols extract(APE)on body weight(BW)gain induced by high-carbohydrate-diet,C57BL/6 male mice were fed with standard diet(CON),conventional high carbohydrates diet(HCD)and high simple carbohydrates diet(HSCD)with or without APE intervention for 12 consecutive weeks.The composition and differences of microbiota at 6th and 12th weeks were analyzed using LEfSe and STAMP.Significantly increased BW accompanied by obviously increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Dubosiella abundance,decreased abundances of Verrucomicrobia,Proteobacteria,Akkermansia and Parabacteroides were observed in HCD and HSCD groups compared to the CON group 12 weeks later.Additionally,the BW gain in HSCD was different from that in HCD,which was lower within the first 6 weeks than HCD,then was reversed during the next 6 weeks and led to relatively higher final BW.However,APE intervention,especially the high dose,reduced the BW and restored microbiota disorder,especially obviously decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the abundance of Dubosiella,and increased abundances of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia,which also displayed significant difference to the data at 6th week after APE intervention,this partly explained the ameliorated effects of APE on BW control presently.Furthermore,Akkermansia might be the primary target genus for APE intervention to regulate gut microbiota and affect BW.Thus,our study supported the more adverse effects of HSCD on BW than HCD,and APE might be a promising nutraceutical for BW control by restoring microbiota compositions and enriching Akkermansia.
