The present study introduces a screw-pressing charging method to tackle deficiencies in automation and charge uniformity during the melt-casting of polymer-based energetic materials.To ensure the safety of the experim...The present study introduces a screw-pressing charging method to tackle deficiencies in automation and charge uniformity during the melt-casting of polymer-based energetic materials.To ensure the safety of the experiments,this study used inert materials with similar physical properties to partially substitute for the actual energetic components in the preparation of simulant materials.By thoroughly analyzing slurry physical properties,a simulation framework and an extensive performance evaluation method were developed.Such tools guide the design of the structure and configuration of process parameters.Results demonstrate that employing the Pin element significantly enhances radial mixing within the screw,minimizes temperature variations in the slurry,and improves both efficiency and safety in the mixing process.Further,adjustments such as widening the cone angle of the barrel,modifying the solid content of the slurry,and varying the speed of the screw can optimize the mechanical and thermal coupling in the flow field.These adjustments promote higher-quality slurry and create a safer production environment for the extrusion process.展开更多
Photocatalysis is a crucial technique for environmental cleanup and renewable energy generation.Polymer-based photocatalysts have attracted interest due to their adaptability,adjustable chemical characteristics,and en...Photocatalysis is a crucial technique for environmental cleanup and renewable energy generation.Polymer-based photocatalysts have attracted interest due to their adaptability,adjustable chemical characteristics,and enhanced light absorption efficiency.Unlike traditional inorganic photocatalysts,we can optimize polymeric systems to enhance photocatalytic efficiency and yield significant advantages in environmental remediation and energy conversion applications.This study talks about the latest developments in polymer-based photocatalysts and how important they are for cleaning water,breaking down pollutants,and making renewable energy through processes like hydrogen production and CO_(2) reduction.These materials are proficient in degrading harmful pollutants such as organic colours,insecticides,and medications,transforming them into innocuous byproducts.Moreover,its use in solar-driven water splitting for hydrogen production and CO_(2) reduction provides a sustainable solution to global energy and environmental issues.These photocatalysts are much more effective and last longer thanks to progress in polymer chemistry,nano-structuring,and hybridization with materials like semiconductors and metal nanoparticles.The research underscores the promise of polymer photocatalysts for extensive environmental applications due to their cost-efficiency,ease of separation,and reusability.Future research endeavors seek to optimize polymeric photocatalyst systems for improved stability and performance,hence advancing sustainable solutions for critical environmental and energy challenges.展开更多
In recent years,ultrathin polymer-based electrolytes(UPEs)have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the energy density of rechargeable batteries for wearable devices by minimizing electrolyte volume,demonstratin...In recent years,ultrathin polymer-based electrolytes(UPEs)have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the energy density of rechargeable batteries for wearable devices by minimizing electrolyte volume,demonstrating higher ionic conductance and lower internal resistance,and more compact battery stacking compared to conventional thick polymer-based electrolyte.This mini review systematically summarizes recent advances in ultrathin solid-state and gel-state electrolytes,focusing on their preparation strategies,advantages,and disadvantages,where the energy density,interfacial stability,mechanical properties,and ion-transport mechanisms are also analyzed for understanding the UPE application.Moreover,the challenges such as dendrite penetration and instability(thermal,chemical and interface),along with their solutions are also introduced through interfacial engineering,polymer matrix design,and fillers incorporation.Furthermore,for practical application,the demands of working current density,operating temperature and scale-up production are also illustrated.This mini review is hoped to spark insights into improving the energy density of batteries and ultimately bring us a step closer to realizing superior rechargeable batteries.展开更多
High-power capacitors are highly demanded in advanced electronics and power systems,where rising concerns on the operating temperatures have evoked the attention on developing highly reliable high-temperature dielectr...High-power capacitors are highly demanded in advanced electronics and power systems,where rising concerns on the operating temperatures have evoked the attention on developing highly reliable high-temperature dielectric polymers.Herein,polyetherimide(PEI)filled with highly insulating Al_(2)O_(3)(AO)nanoparticles dielectric composite films have been fabricated aiming for high thermal stability and reliability operated under high cycling electric field and elevated temperature.At room temperature,incorporating a small fraction of 0.5 vol%AO nanoparticles gives rise to a highest discharged energy density(U_(e))of 5.57 J·cm^(-3)and efficiency(η)of 90.9%at650 MV·m^(-1),and a robust cycling stability up to 10^(7) cycles at 400 MV·m^(-1).Due to the substantially reduced dielectric loss,2.0 vol%AO/PEI nanocomposite film exhibits excellent high-temperature capacitive performances,delivering U_(e)~7.33 J·cm^(-3)withη~88.8%under 700 MV·m^(-1),and cycling stability up to 10^(6) cycles under 400 MV·m^(-1)at 100℃,and U_(e)~5.57 J·cm^(-3)withη~84.7%under 620 MV·m^(-1)at 150℃.Molecular dynamic simulations are performed to understand the microscopic mechanism via revealing the polymer relaxation process in the AO/PEI composite at elevated temperatures.Our results are therefore very encouraging for high-temperature high-power capacitor application.展开更多
Influences of polymer-based grinding aid（PGA） on the damage process of concrete exposed to sulfate attack under dry-wet cycles were investigated. The mass loss, dynamic modulus of elasticity（Erd）, and S and Ca ele...Influences of polymer-based grinding aid（PGA） on the damage process of concrete exposed to sulfate attack under dry-wet cycles were investigated. The mass loss, dynamic modulus of elasticity（Erd）, and S and Ca element contents of concrete specimens were measured. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, mercury intrusion porosimetry（MIP）, and X-ray diffractometry（XRD） were used to investigate the changing of microstructure of interior concrete. The results indicated that PGA was capable of reducing the mass loss and improving the sulfate attack resistance of concrete. X-ray fluorescence（XRF） analysis revealed that PGA delayed the transport process of sulfate ions and Ca ions. In addition, MIP analysis disclosed that the micropores of concrete with PGA increased in the fraction of 20-100 nm and decreased in the residues of 200 nm. Compared with the blank sample, concrete with PGA had more slender and well-organized hydration products, and no changes in hydration products ratio or type were observed.展开更多
Polymer-based composite solid electrolytes(PCSEs)are increasingly studied in all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs)due to the combined advantages of better flexibility of polymer and higher ion conductivity ...Polymer-based composite solid electrolytes(PCSEs)are increasingly studied in all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs)due to the combined advantages of better flexibility of polymer and higher ion conductivity of ceramic electrolytes.However,most reported PCSEs are overly thick,increasing internal resistances.Besides,the poor stability at the Li metal–electrolyte interfaces often leads to severe lithium dendrite formation and reduced cycling stability.Here,we fabricate an ultrathin PCSE with a thickness of 12.4µm,incorporating polyacrylonitrile(PAN)nanofibers as the structural matrix,and a filler with polyethylene oxide and Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12(LLZTO).Due to the formation of the LiCN layer on the surface of the lithium metal and the Li-ion transport pathways induced by the dehydrocyanation reaction at the LLZTO/PAN interfaces,the PCSE exhibits a high critical current density of 1.8 mA cm−2 and a low energy barrier of 0.278 eV for Li-ion transfer,accommodating the fast Li-ion migration to avoid Li-dendrite growth.In addition,the stable nitrile groups and the dehydrocyanation reaction ensure the electrochemical stability of the PCSE with a high oxidation voltage of 5.5 V and an exceptional cycling stability(2100 h)in Li||PCSE||Li symmetric cells.Additionally,the Li||PCSE||LiFePO4 full cells demonstrate a high volumetric energy density of 338.3 Wh L−1 at 0.1 C and a robust stability over 100 cycles at 0.5 C.The study offers a new approach for fabricating ultrathin PCSEs and provides insights into the mechanisms of dendrite-free formation,guiding the development of high-performance PCSEs for ASSLMBs.展开更多
With the continuous development of electronic devices and the information industry towards miniaturization,integration,and high-power consumption,the using of electronic devices will inevitably generate and accumulate...With the continuous development of electronic devices and the information industry towards miniaturization,integration,and high-power consumption,the using of electronic devices will inevitably generate and accumulate heat,which will cause local high temperatures and will seriously reduce their performance,reliability,and lifetime.Therefore,having efficient heat-conducting functional materials is crucial to the normal and stable operation of electrical equipment and microelectronic products.In view of the excellent comprehensive performance of polymer-based thermally conductive materials(including intrinsic polymers and filler-filled polymer-based composites),it has shown great advantages in thermal management applications.In this review,the research status of preparing polymer-based thermally conductive composites and effective strategies to improve their thermal conductivity(TC)are reviewed.Compared with the higher cost and technical support with adjusting the molecular chain structure and cross-linking mode to improve the intrinsic TC of the polymer,introducing suitable fillers into the polymer to build a thermally conductive network or oriented structure can simply and efficiently improve the overall TC.Typical applications of polymer-based composites were discussed with detailed examples in the field of electronic packaging.Challenges and possible solutions to solve the issues are discussed together with the perspectives.This study provides guidance for the future development of polymer-based thermally conductive composites.展开更多
High-frequency electromagnetic waves and electronic products can bring great convenience to people’s life,but lead to a series of electromagnetic interference(EMI)problems,such as great potential dangers to the norma...High-frequency electromagnetic waves and electronic products can bring great convenience to people’s life,but lead to a series of electromagnetic interference(EMI)problems,such as great potential dangers to the normal operation of elec-tronic components and human safety.Therefore,the research of EMI shield-ing materials has attracted extensive attention by the scholars.Among them,polymer-based EMI shielding materials with light weight,high specific strength,and stable properties have become the current mainstream.The construction of 3D conductive networks has proved to be an effective method for the prepara-tion of polymer-based EMI shielding materials with excellent shielding effective-ness(SE).In this paper,the shielding mechanism of polymer-based EMI shield-ing materials with 3D conductive networks is briefly introduced,with emphasis on the preparation methods and latest research progress of polymer-based EMI shielding materials with different 3D conductive networks.The key scientific and technical problems to be solved in the field of polymer-based EMI shielding materials are also put forward.Finally,the development trend and application prospects of polymer-based EMI shielding materials are prospected.展开更多
Biomaterials and medical devices are broadly used in the diagnosis,treatment,repair,replacement or enhancing functions of human tissues or organs.Although the living conditions of human beings have been steadily impro...Biomaterials and medical devices are broadly used in the diagnosis,treatment,repair,replacement or enhancing functions of human tissues or organs.Although the living conditions of human beings have been steadily improved in most parts of the world,the incidence of major human’s diseases is still rapidly growing mainly because of the growth and aging of population.The compound annual growth rate of biomaterials and medical devices is projected to maintain around 10%in the next 10 years;and the global market sale of biomaterials and medical devices is estimated to reach$400 billion in 2020.In particular,the annual consumption of polymeric biomaterials is tremendous,more than 8000 kilotons.The compound annual growth rate of polymeric biomaterials and medical devices will be up to 15-30%.As a result,it is critical to address some widespread concerns that are associated with the biosafety of the polymer-based biomaterials and medical devices.Our group has been actively worked in this direction for the past two decades.In this review,some key research results will be highlighted.展开更多
Hydrogel is a polymer network system that can form a hydrophilic three-dimensional network structure through different cross-linking methods.In recent years,hydrogels have received considerable attention due to their ...Hydrogel is a polymer network system that can form a hydrophilic three-dimensional network structure through different cross-linking methods.In recent years,hydrogels have received considerable attention due to their good biocompatibility and biodegradability by introducing different cross-linking mechanisms and functional components.Compared with synthetic hydrogels,natural polymer-based hydrogels have low biotoxicity,high cell affinity,and great potential for biomedical fields;however,their mechanical properties and tissue adhesion capabilities have been unable to meet clinical requirements.In recent years,many efforts have been made to solve these issues.In this review,the recent progress in the field of natural polymer-based adhesive hydrogels is highlighted.The authors first introduce the general design principles for the natural polymer-based adhesive hydrogels being used as excellent tissue adhesives and the challenges associated with their design.Next,their usages in biomedical applications are summarised,such as wound healing,haemostasis,nerve repair,bone tissue repair,cartilage tissue repair,electronic devices,and other tissue repairs.Finally,the potential challenges of natural polymer-based adhesive hydrogels are presented.展开更多
The condition among the various neurodegenerative disorders(NDs)that cause serious problems for modern health services cause progressive loss of neuronal function,inflammation,oxidative stress,dysfunction of the mitoc...The condition among the various neurodegenerative disorders(NDs)that cause serious problems for modern health services cause progressive loss of neuronal function,inflammation,oxidative stress,dysfunction of the mitochondria,misfolded proteins,and neuroinflammation are characteristic of these Alzheimer’s,Huntington’s and Parkinson's diseases.The blood-brain barrier,which is comprised of closely spaced endothelial cells,is a membrane that prevents the brain from harmful molecules while obstructing the pathway of numerous prospective medications.This obstacle must be destroyed to optimize the usefulness of therapies aimed at afflicted brain areas.Drug delivery technologies based on nanoparticles present an effective method to get beyond controls.Despite their small size,surface adaptability,and capacity to encapsulate healing chemicals,nanoparticles might enhance targeting effectiveness,increase the medication's bioavailability,and enable longer drug absorption.To facilitate the transportation of drugs across the gap between the blood and the brain,the present study investigates the design and therapeutic application for different nanoparticle types,including polymeric,lipid-based,and nanoparticles that are inorganic.In addition to biological compatibility,ease of surface adaptation,and capacity to transport hydrophilic and hydrophobic,drugs nanoparticles made of polymers stand out among those.Multi-nanoparticle combination therapies and individualized medicine using specific patient biomarkers may improve the efficacy of therapy.Addressing such challenges while developing nanoparticle technologies could revolutionize neurological disease treatment,enhancing patient treatments and their quality of life.展开更多
The polymer-based solid-state electrolytes (PSEs) are promising for solid-state batteries but they have deficiencies such as low ionic conductivity, low lithium-ion transference number, and unstable electrode/electrol...The polymer-based solid-state electrolytes (PSEs) are promising for solid-state batteries but they have deficiencies such as low ionic conductivity, low lithium-ion transference number, and unstable electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, we designed a hydroxyapatite nanowire doped with high-valence cations in anticipation of the formation of positively charged active sites on the nanowire surface. The higher surface activity can reduce the reaction activation energy on the nanowire surface and adsorb the anions in the PSEs as a way to improve the ionic conductivity and Li+ transference number of the PSEs. The active sites on the surface of the nanowires anchor the anions, thus increasing the Li+ transference number to 0.38, which effectively improves the ionic conductivity of the PSE to 1.58 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature. At the same time, the composite polymer electrolyte has a wide electrochemical window. The lithium symmetric cell stably cycles for 800 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm-2, and the LiFePO4||Li full cell steadily cycles for 180 cycles at a rate of 0.5 C with a capacity retention of 94.2 %. The ion doping strategy to change the surface electrical behavior of nanowires provides an idea to improve the ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes.展开更多
Waterborne polyurethane(WPU)is attracting widespread attention in the friction field,but pure WPU cannot meet the wear resistance requirements due to poor thermal and self-lubricating properties.Herein,a novel cellulo...Waterborne polyurethane(WPU)is attracting widespread attention in the friction field,but pure WPU cannot meet the wear resistance requirements due to poor thermal and self-lubricating properties.Herein,a novel cellulose/BNNSs-AgNPs aerogel(CBAg)composed of zero-dimensional silver nanoparticles(AgNPs),onedimensional cellulose and two-dimensional boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)was successfully fabricated.Specifically,AgNPs were loaded onto the surface of BNNSs,which could serve as bridges to connect adjacent BNNSs.Cellulose was used to construct a 3D skeleton structure for stabilizing better dispersion of inorganic fillers.Finally,the thermal and tribological properties of CBAg-WPU were improved compared to pure WPU,with a 69%increase in thermal conductivity and an 89%reduction in wear rate.This was attributed to the load-bearing capacity of cellulose and outstanding thermal and lubricant capability of BNNSs-AgNPs.In addition,BNNSs and AgNPs inside the aerogel were transferred to the sliding interface and participated in the formation of high-quality friction transfer film,further endowing CBAg-WPU composites prominent tribological performance.Therefore,the novel design of 3D hybrid aerogels provided a promising avenue to improve the tribological performance of WPU composites.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))photosynthesis from water and oxygen is a green and sustainable process with considerable promise as an alternative to the traditional anthraquinone method and an important method to reali...Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))photosynthesis from water and oxygen is a green and sustainable process with considerable promise as an alternative to the traditional anthraquinone method and an important method to realize decentralized production.Recently,several photocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis have been developed.Among these,polymer-based photocatalysts with flexible and tunable structural characteristics,broad optical responses and the potential for efficient H_(2)O_(2)generation have attracted increasing attention.Herein,we critically review the state-of-the-art progress in polymer-based photocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis using only water and oxygen.Notably,enhancement strategies for H_(2)O_(2)production over photocatalysts are emphasized,including carbon nitride,donor-acceptor conjugated frameworks and supramolecular polymers,and the relationship between the material structure and H_(2)O_(2)production performance is also discussed.Finally,we discuss the challenges for further studies on H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis over polymer-based photocatalysts.展开更多
Calcium carbonate,which is widely employed as a filler added into the polymer matrix,has large numbers of applications owing to the excellent properties such as low cost,non-toxicity,high natural reserves and biocompa...Calcium carbonate,which is widely employed as a filler added into the polymer matrix,has large numbers of applications owing to the excellent properties such as low cost,non-toxicity,high natural reserves and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,in order to obtain the good filling effect,calcium carbonate needs to be surface modified by organic molecules so as to enhance the dispersion and compatibility within the composites.This review paper systematically introduces the theory,methods,and applications progress of calcium carbonate with surface modification.Additionally,the key factors that affect the properties of the composites as well as the current difficulties and challenges are highlighted.The current research progress and potential application prospects of calcium carbonate in the fields of plastics,rubber,paper,medicine and environmental protection are discussed as well.Generally,this review can provide valuable reference for the modification and comprehensive utilization of calcium carbonate.展开更多
The explosive development of electronic devices and wireless communication technology gives rise to the issue of electromagnetic pollution,known as electromagnetic interference(EMI).The accumulation of undesirable ele...The explosive development of electronic devices and wireless communication technology gives rise to the issue of electromagnetic pollution,known as electromagnetic interference(EMI).The accumulation of undesirable electromagnetic radiation in space disturbs the normal function of unshielded electronic appliances and poses seriously threat to human health.Thus,the development of EMI shielding materials have emerged to solve the grim problem.Considering the complex application contexts,EMI shielding materials have evolved from traditional single-function to multi-functions to meet the ever-increasing application requirements in recent few years.This paper provides detailed insight into the current re-search status and future challenges in the advancement of polymer-based EMI shielding materials with various functions.First,the basic theory of EMI shielding,factors influencing results and the dominating characterization technologies for EMI shielding properties are summarized.Then,the comprehensive descriptions of the seven types of multifunctional EMI shields are provided with respect to their structures,fabrication methods and specific functions.Meanwhile,the corresponding critical scientific and technical issues are proposed.Based on our comprehensive analysis,the main challenges in the development of multifunctional EMI shielding materials are presented.This review aims to provide some guidance and inspire more efforts toward functional EMI shielding material research to satisfy the growing requirements for next-generation electronic systems.展开更多
Compared with other secondary batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have unparalleled advantages such as high energy density,low cost,etc.In liquid LSB systems,it is extremely easy to cause severe‘‘shuttle effecto...Compared with other secondary batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have unparalleled advantages such as high energy density,low cost,etc.In liquid LSB systems,it is extremely easy to cause severe‘‘shuttle effecto and safety issues.Hence,the development of solid-state LSBs(SSLSBs)has been attracting much more attention.As the most essential part of the SSLSBs,the solid-state electrolyte(SSE)has received significant attention from researchers.In this review,we concentrate on discussing the core of SSLSBs,which is the SSE.Moreover,we also highlight the differences in the properties of the different SSEs,which are polymer-based electrolytes and ceramic-based electrolytes.In addition,the challenges and advances in different types of SSEs are also compared and described systematically.Furthermore,the prospects for new SSE systems and the design of effective SSE structures to achieve highperformance SSLSBs are also discussed.Thus,this review is expected to give readers a comprehensive and systematic understanding of SSEs for SSLSBs.展开更多
Conducting polymers have been studied extensively. An interesting property of the conducting polymer is that the conductivity of some polymers, such as polypyrrolc, polyaniline, poly(3-methylthiophene) etc. , is affec...Conducting polymers have been studied extensively. An interesting property of the conducting polymer is that the conductivity of some polymers, such as polypyrrolc, polyaniline, poly(3-methylthiophene) etc. , is affected by the voltage applied to them. For polypyrrole, the oxidized state is an electronic conductor and the reduced state is essentially insulating. Using this property, one can fabricate the polymer-based electronic devices. Experimental results of Pickun展开更多
Flavonoids are among the biggest group of polyphenols, widely distributed in plant-based foods. A plethora of evidence supports the health benefits and value of flavonoids can play in the physiological function treatm...Flavonoids are among the biggest group of polyphenols, widely distributed in plant-based foods. A plethora of evidence supports the health benefits and value of flavonoids can play in the physiological function treatment and in the prevention of disease particularly in the prevention of degenerative conditions including cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, flavonoids represent the active constituents of many dietary supplements and herbal remedies, as well as there is an increasing interest in this class of polyphenols as functional ingredients of beverages, food grains and dairy products. Conversely, various studies have also shown that flavonoids have some drawbacks after oral administration such as stability, bioavailability and bioefficacy. This article reviews the current status of novel nanodelivery systems including nanospheres, nanocaspsules, micro- and nanoemulsions, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid capsules, successfully developed for overcoming the delivery challenges of flavonoids.展开更多
Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a subtype of stroke associated with higher rates of mortality.Currently,no effective drug treatment is available for ICH.The molecular pathways following ICH are complicated and diverse...Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a subtype of stroke associated with higher rates of mortality.Currently,no effective drug treatment is available for ICH.The molecular pathways following ICH are complicated and diverse.Nucleic acid therapeutics such as gene knockdown by small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)have been developed in recent years to modulate ICH’s destructive pathways and mitigate its outcomes.However,siRNAs delivery to the central nervous system is challenging and faces many roadblocks.Existing barriers to systemic delivery of siRNA limit the use of naked siRNA;therefore,siRNA-vectors developed to protect and deliver these therapies into the specific-target areas of the brain,or cell types seem quite promising.Efficient delivery of siRNA via nanoparticles emerged as a viable and effective alternative therapeutic tool for central nervous system-related diseases.This review discusses the obstacles to siRNA delivery,including the advantages and disadvantages of viral and nonviral vectors.Additionally,we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in nanotherapeutics areas,primarily focusing on the delivery system of siRNA for ICH treatment.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.30923011018)。
文摘The present study introduces a screw-pressing charging method to tackle deficiencies in automation and charge uniformity during the melt-casting of polymer-based energetic materials.To ensure the safety of the experiments,this study used inert materials with similar physical properties to partially substitute for the actual energetic components in the preparation of simulant materials.By thoroughly analyzing slurry physical properties,a simulation framework and an extensive performance evaluation method were developed.Such tools guide the design of the structure and configuration of process parameters.Results demonstrate that employing the Pin element significantly enhances radial mixing within the screw,minimizes temperature variations in the slurry,and improves both efficiency and safety in the mixing process.Further,adjustments such as widening the cone angle of the barrel,modifying the solid content of the slurry,and varying the speed of the screw can optimize the mechanical and thermal coupling in the flow field.These adjustments promote higher-quality slurry and create a safer production environment for the extrusion process.
文摘Photocatalysis is a crucial technique for environmental cleanup and renewable energy generation.Polymer-based photocatalysts have attracted interest due to their adaptability,adjustable chemical characteristics,and enhanced light absorption efficiency.Unlike traditional inorganic photocatalysts,we can optimize polymeric systems to enhance photocatalytic efficiency and yield significant advantages in environmental remediation and energy conversion applications.This study talks about the latest developments in polymer-based photocatalysts and how important they are for cleaning water,breaking down pollutants,and making renewable energy through processes like hydrogen production and CO_(2) reduction.These materials are proficient in degrading harmful pollutants such as organic colours,insecticides,and medications,transforming them into innocuous byproducts.Moreover,its use in solar-driven water splitting for hydrogen production and CO_(2) reduction provides a sustainable solution to global energy and environmental issues.These photocatalysts are much more effective and last longer thanks to progress in polymer chemistry,nano-structuring,and hybridization with materials like semiconductors and metal nanoparticles.The research underscores the promise of polymer photocatalysts for extensive environmental applications due to their cost-efficiency,ease of separation,and reusability.Future research endeavors seek to optimize polymeric photocatalyst systems for improved stability and performance,hence advancing sustainable solutions for critical environmental and energy challenges.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant Nos.52373275 and 52303290,received by Peng-Fei Cao and Jiayao Chen,respectively。
文摘In recent years,ultrathin polymer-based electrolytes(UPEs)have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the energy density of rechargeable batteries for wearable devices by minimizing electrolyte volume,demonstrating higher ionic conductance and lower internal resistance,and more compact battery stacking compared to conventional thick polymer-based electrolyte.This mini review systematically summarizes recent advances in ultrathin solid-state and gel-state electrolytes,focusing on their preparation strategies,advantages,and disadvantages,where the energy density,interfacial stability,mechanical properties,and ion-transport mechanisms are also analyzed for understanding the UPE application.Moreover,the challenges such as dendrite penetration and instability(thermal,chemical and interface),along with their solutions are also introduced through interfacial engineering,polymer matrix design,and fillers incorporation.Furthermore,for practical application,the demands of working current density,operating temperature and scale-up production are also illustrated.This mini review is hoped to spark insights into improving the energy density of batteries and ultimately bring us a step closer to realizing superior rechargeable batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.92066203 and51872009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘High-power capacitors are highly demanded in advanced electronics and power systems,where rising concerns on the operating temperatures have evoked the attention on developing highly reliable high-temperature dielectric polymers.Herein,polyetherimide(PEI)filled with highly insulating Al_(2)O_(3)(AO)nanoparticles dielectric composite films have been fabricated aiming for high thermal stability and reliability operated under high cycling electric field and elevated temperature.At room temperature,incorporating a small fraction of 0.5 vol%AO nanoparticles gives rise to a highest discharged energy density(U_(e))of 5.57 J·cm^(-3)and efficiency(η)of 90.9%at650 MV·m^(-1),and a robust cycling stability up to 10^(7) cycles at 400 MV·m^(-1).Due to the substantially reduced dielectric loss,2.0 vol%AO/PEI nanocomposite film exhibits excellent high-temperature capacitive performances,delivering U_(e)~7.33 J·cm^(-3)withη~88.8%under 700 MV·m^(-1),and cycling stability up to 10^(6) cycles under 400 MV·m^(-1)at 100℃,and U_(e)~5.57 J·cm^(-3)withη~84.7%under 620 MV·m^(-1)at 150℃.Molecular dynamic simulations are performed to understand the microscopic mechanism via revealing the polymer relaxation process in the AO/PEI composite at elevated temperatures.Our results are therefore very encouraging for high-temperature high-power capacitor application.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51578141)National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program)(No.2015CB655102)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2016YFE011820)
文摘Influences of polymer-based grinding aid（PGA） on the damage process of concrete exposed to sulfate attack under dry-wet cycles were investigated. The mass loss, dynamic modulus of elasticity（Erd）, and S and Ca element contents of concrete specimens were measured. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, mercury intrusion porosimetry（MIP）, and X-ray diffractometry（XRD） were used to investigate the changing of microstructure of interior concrete. The results indicated that PGA was capable of reducing the mass loss and improving the sulfate attack resistance of concrete. X-ray fluorescence（XRF） analysis revealed that PGA delayed the transport process of sulfate ions and Ca ions. In addition, MIP analysis disclosed that the micropores of concrete with PGA increased in the fraction of 20-100 nm and decreased in the residues of 200 nm. Compared with the blank sample, concrete with PGA had more slender and well-organized hydration products, and no changes in hydration products ratio or type were observed.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China-Chinese Academy of Sciences Frontier Interdisciplinary Assessment Project(XK2023JSC001 and L2324208)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage(No.ZDSYS20220401141000001)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan Project(No.SGDX20230116091644003)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.R6005-20),and High level of special funds(G03034K001).
文摘Polymer-based composite solid electrolytes(PCSEs)are increasingly studied in all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs)due to the combined advantages of better flexibility of polymer and higher ion conductivity of ceramic electrolytes.However,most reported PCSEs are overly thick,increasing internal resistances.Besides,the poor stability at the Li metal–electrolyte interfaces often leads to severe lithium dendrite formation and reduced cycling stability.Here,we fabricate an ultrathin PCSE with a thickness of 12.4µm,incorporating polyacrylonitrile(PAN)nanofibers as the structural matrix,and a filler with polyethylene oxide and Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12(LLZTO).Due to the formation of the LiCN layer on the surface of the lithium metal and the Li-ion transport pathways induced by the dehydrocyanation reaction at the LLZTO/PAN interfaces,the PCSE exhibits a high critical current density of 1.8 mA cm−2 and a low energy barrier of 0.278 eV for Li-ion transfer,accommodating the fast Li-ion migration to avoid Li-dendrite growth.In addition,the stable nitrile groups and the dehydrocyanation reaction ensure the electrochemical stability of the PCSE with a high oxidation voltage of 5.5 V and an exceptional cycling stability(2100 h)in Li||PCSE||Li symmetric cells.Additionally,the Li||PCSE||LiFePO4 full cells demonstrate a high volumetric energy density of 338.3 Wh L−1 at 0.1 C and a robust stability over 100 cycles at 0.5 C.The study offers a new approach for fabricating ultrathin PCSEs and provides insights into the mechanisms of dendrite-free formation,guiding the development of high-performance PCSEs for ASSLMBs.
基金We acknowledge the Henan Young Backbone Teachers Foundation(No.2021GGJS135)。
文摘With the continuous development of electronic devices and the information industry towards miniaturization,integration,and high-power consumption,the using of electronic devices will inevitably generate and accumulate heat,which will cause local high temperatures and will seriously reduce their performance,reliability,and lifetime.Therefore,having efficient heat-conducting functional materials is crucial to the normal and stable operation of electrical equipment and microelectronic products.In view of the excellent comprehensive performance of polymer-based thermally conductive materials(including intrinsic polymers and filler-filled polymer-based composites),it has shown great advantages in thermal management applications.In this review,the research status of preparing polymer-based thermally conductive composites and effective strategies to improve their thermal conductivity(TC)are reviewed.Compared with the higher cost and technical support with adjusting the molecular chain structure and cross-linking mode to improve the intrinsic TC of the polymer,introducing suitable fillers into the polymer to build a thermally conductive network or oriented structure can simply and efficiently improve the overall TC.Typical applications of polymer-based composites were discussed with detailed examples in the field of electronic packaging.Challenges and possible solutions to solve the issues are discussed together with the perspectives.This study provides guidance for the future development of polymer-based thermally conductive composites.
基金Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:51903145Natural Science Basic Research Plan for Distinguished Young Scholars in Shaanxi Province of China,Grant/Award Number:2019JC-11Wang L.would like to thank the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University,Grant/Award Number:CX202053。
文摘High-frequency electromagnetic waves and electronic products can bring great convenience to people’s life,but lead to a series of electromagnetic interference(EMI)problems,such as great potential dangers to the normal operation of elec-tronic components and human safety.Therefore,the research of EMI shield-ing materials has attracted extensive attention by the scholars.Among them,polymer-based EMI shielding materials with light weight,high specific strength,and stable properties have become the current mainstream.The construction of 3D conductive networks has proved to be an effective method for the prepara-tion of polymer-based EMI shielding materials with excellent shielding effective-ness(SE).In this paper,the shielding mechanism of polymer-based EMI shield-ing materials with 3D conductive networks is briefly introduced,with emphasis on the preparation methods and latest research progress of polymer-based EMI shielding materials with different 3D conductive networks.The key scientific and technical problems to be solved in the field of polymer-based EMI shielding materials are also put forward.Finally,the development trend and application prospects of polymer-based EMI shielding materials are prospected.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Numbers:21274150,51473167 and 51273200)Chinese Academy of Sciences-WEGO Group High-Tech Research&Development Program and Scientific Development Program of Jilin Province(20130102064JC).
文摘Biomaterials and medical devices are broadly used in the diagnosis,treatment,repair,replacement or enhancing functions of human tissues or organs.Although the living conditions of human beings have been steadily improved in most parts of the world,the incidence of major human’s diseases is still rapidly growing mainly because of the growth and aging of population.The compound annual growth rate of biomaterials and medical devices is projected to maintain around 10%in the next 10 years;and the global market sale of biomaterials and medical devices is estimated to reach$400 billion in 2020.In particular,the annual consumption of polymeric biomaterials is tremendous,more than 8000 kilotons.The compound annual growth rate of polymeric biomaterials and medical devices will be up to 15-30%.As a result,it is critical to address some widespread concerns that are associated with the biosafety of the polymer-based biomaterials and medical devices.Our group has been actively worked in this direction for the past two decades.In this review,some key research results will be highlighted.
基金supported by grants from the Sichuan Key Research and Development Program of China(22ZDYF2034)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.82,072,071,82,072,073)+2 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guang Dong Province(2019B010941002)Shenzhen Funds of the Central Government to Guide Local Scientific and Technological Development(2021SZVUP123)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(2682021CX109).
文摘Hydrogel is a polymer network system that can form a hydrophilic three-dimensional network structure through different cross-linking methods.In recent years,hydrogels have received considerable attention due to their good biocompatibility and biodegradability by introducing different cross-linking mechanisms and functional components.Compared with synthetic hydrogels,natural polymer-based hydrogels have low biotoxicity,high cell affinity,and great potential for biomedical fields;however,their mechanical properties and tissue adhesion capabilities have been unable to meet clinical requirements.In recent years,many efforts have been made to solve these issues.In this review,the recent progress in the field of natural polymer-based adhesive hydrogels is highlighted.The authors first introduce the general design principles for the natural polymer-based adhesive hydrogels being used as excellent tissue adhesives and the challenges associated with their design.Next,their usages in biomedical applications are summarised,such as wound healing,haemostasis,nerve repair,bone tissue repair,cartilage tissue repair,electronic devices,and other tissue repairs.Finally,the potential challenges of natural polymer-based adhesive hydrogels are presented.
文摘The condition among the various neurodegenerative disorders(NDs)that cause serious problems for modern health services cause progressive loss of neuronal function,inflammation,oxidative stress,dysfunction of the mitochondria,misfolded proteins,and neuroinflammation are characteristic of these Alzheimer’s,Huntington’s and Parkinson's diseases.The blood-brain barrier,which is comprised of closely spaced endothelial cells,is a membrane that prevents the brain from harmful molecules while obstructing the pathway of numerous prospective medications.This obstacle must be destroyed to optimize the usefulness of therapies aimed at afflicted brain areas.Drug delivery technologies based on nanoparticles present an effective method to get beyond controls.Despite their small size,surface adaptability,and capacity to encapsulate healing chemicals,nanoparticles might enhance targeting effectiveness,increase the medication's bioavailability,and enable longer drug absorption.To facilitate the transportation of drugs across the gap between the blood and the brain,the present study investigates the design and therapeutic application for different nanoparticle types,including polymeric,lipid-based,and nanoparticles that are inorganic.In addition to biological compatibility,ease of surface adaptation,and capacity to transport hydrophilic and hydrophobic,drugs nanoparticles made of polymers stand out among those.Multi-nanoparticle combination therapies and individualized medicine using specific patient biomarkers may improve the efficacy of therapy.Addressing such challenges while developing nanoparticle technologies could revolutionize neurological disease treatment,enhancing patient treatments and their quality of life.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272234 and 51832004)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2021BAA070)+1 种基金the Independent Innovation Projects of the Hubei Longzhong Laboratory(No.2022ZZ-20)the Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology(No.2021KF0011).
文摘The polymer-based solid-state electrolytes (PSEs) are promising for solid-state batteries but they have deficiencies such as low ionic conductivity, low lithium-ion transference number, and unstable electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, we designed a hydroxyapatite nanowire doped with high-valence cations in anticipation of the formation of positively charged active sites on the nanowire surface. The higher surface activity can reduce the reaction activation energy on the nanowire surface and adsorb the anions in the PSEs as a way to improve the ionic conductivity and Li+ transference number of the PSEs. The active sites on the surface of the nanowires anchor the anions, thus increasing the Li+ transference number to 0.38, which effectively improves the ionic conductivity of the PSE to 1.58 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature. At the same time, the composite polymer electrolyte has a wide electrochemical window. The lithium symmetric cell stably cycles for 800 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm-2, and the LiFePO4||Li full cell steadily cycles for 180 cycles at a rate of 0.5 C with a capacity retention of 94.2 %. The ion doping strategy to change the surface electrical behavior of nanowires provides an idea to improve the ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes.
基金supported by the Open Project of Basic Research of Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai(Grant No.AMGM2023F08)Open Fund Project of National United Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Bearing Tribology(No.202301).
文摘Waterborne polyurethane(WPU)is attracting widespread attention in the friction field,but pure WPU cannot meet the wear resistance requirements due to poor thermal and self-lubricating properties.Herein,a novel cellulose/BNNSs-AgNPs aerogel(CBAg)composed of zero-dimensional silver nanoparticles(AgNPs),onedimensional cellulose and two-dimensional boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)was successfully fabricated.Specifically,AgNPs were loaded onto the surface of BNNSs,which could serve as bridges to connect adjacent BNNSs.Cellulose was used to construct a 3D skeleton structure for stabilizing better dispersion of inorganic fillers.Finally,the thermal and tribological properties of CBAg-WPU were improved compared to pure WPU,with a 69%increase in thermal conductivity and an 89%reduction in wear rate.This was attributed to the load-bearing capacity of cellulose and outstanding thermal and lubricant capability of BNNSs-AgNPs.In addition,BNNSs and AgNPs inside the aerogel were transferred to the sliding interface and participated in the formation of high-quality friction transfer film,further endowing CBAg-WPU composites prominent tribological performance.Therefore,the novel design of 3D hybrid aerogels provided a promising avenue to improve the tribological performance of WPU composites.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22206125,52070128,22105073 and 22376138)。
文摘Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))photosynthesis from water and oxygen is a green and sustainable process with considerable promise as an alternative to the traditional anthraquinone method and an important method to realize decentralized production.Recently,several photocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis have been developed.Among these,polymer-based photocatalysts with flexible and tunable structural characteristics,broad optical responses and the potential for efficient H_(2)O_(2)generation have attracted increasing attention.Herein,we critically review the state-of-the-art progress in polymer-based photocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis using only water and oxygen.Notably,enhancement strategies for H_(2)O_(2)production over photocatalysts are emphasized,including carbon nitride,donor-acceptor conjugated frameworks and supramolecular polymers,and the relationship between the material structure and H_(2)O_(2)production performance is also discussed.Finally,we discuss the challenges for further studies on H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis over polymer-based photocatalysts.
基金Project(AA18242008)supported by the Guangxi Science&Technology Major Project,ChinaProject(HZXYKFKT201904)supported by the Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization,China。
文摘Calcium carbonate,which is widely employed as a filler added into the polymer matrix,has large numbers of applications owing to the excellent properties such as low cost,non-toxicity,high natural reserves and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,in order to obtain the good filling effect,calcium carbonate needs to be surface modified by organic molecules so as to enhance the dispersion and compatibility within the composites.This review paper systematically introduces the theory,methods,and applications progress of calcium carbonate with surface modification.Additionally,the key factors that affect the properties of the composites as well as the current difficulties and challenges are highlighted.The current research progress and potential application prospects of calcium carbonate in the fields of plastics,rubber,paper,medicine and environmental protection are discussed as well.Generally,this review can provide valuable reference for the modification and comprehensive utilization of calcium carbonate.
基金financial support of this work by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51922071,82172534)1·3·5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.ZYJC21038)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(No.sklpme2020–2-02).
文摘The explosive development of electronic devices and wireless communication technology gives rise to the issue of electromagnetic pollution,known as electromagnetic interference(EMI).The accumulation of undesirable electromagnetic radiation in space disturbs the normal function of unshielded electronic appliances and poses seriously threat to human health.Thus,the development of EMI shielding materials have emerged to solve the grim problem.Considering the complex application contexts,EMI shielding materials have evolved from traditional single-function to multi-functions to meet the ever-increasing application requirements in recent few years.This paper provides detailed insight into the current re-search status and future challenges in the advancement of polymer-based EMI shielding materials with various functions.First,the basic theory of EMI shielding,factors influencing results and the dominating characterization technologies for EMI shielding properties are summarized.Then,the comprehensive descriptions of the seven types of multifunctional EMI shields are provided with respect to their structures,fabrication methods and specific functions.Meanwhile,the corresponding critical scientific and technical issues are proposed.Based on our comprehensive analysis,the main challenges in the development of multifunctional EMI shielding materials are presented.This review aims to provide some guidance and inspire more efforts toward functional EMI shielding material research to satisfy the growing requirements for next-generation electronic systems.
基金Financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21606065,52072105,21676067,51972093,U1910210,and U1810204)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1708085QE98 and 1908085QE178)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(PA2021KCPY0028,PA2021GDGP0059,JZ2018HGBZ0138,JZ2020YYPY0109,and PA2020GDJQ0026)the Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Project(DP180101453)the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Anhui Province(202104a05020044)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province(2021e03020001 and 202003a05020014)。
文摘Compared with other secondary batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have unparalleled advantages such as high energy density,low cost,etc.In liquid LSB systems,it is extremely easy to cause severe‘‘shuttle effecto and safety issues.Hence,the development of solid-state LSBs(SSLSBs)has been attracting much more attention.As the most essential part of the SSLSBs,the solid-state electrolyte(SSE)has received significant attention from researchers.In this review,we concentrate on discussing the core of SSLSBs,which is the SSE.Moreover,we also highlight the differences in the properties of the different SSEs,which are polymer-based electrolytes and ceramic-based electrolytes.In addition,the challenges and advances in different types of SSEs are also compared and described systematically.Furthermore,the prospects for new SSE systems and the design of effective SSE structures to achieve highperformance SSLSBs are also discussed.Thus,this review is expected to give readers a comprehensive and systematic understanding of SSEs for SSLSBs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Conducting polymers have been studied extensively. An interesting property of the conducting polymer is that the conductivity of some polymers, such as polypyrrolc, polyaniline, poly(3-methylthiophene) etc. , is affected by the voltage applied to them. For polypyrrole, the oxidized state is an electronic conductor and the reduced state is essentially insulating. Using this property, one can fabricate the polymer-based electronic devices. Experimental results of Pickun
文摘Flavonoids are among the biggest group of polyphenols, widely distributed in plant-based foods. A plethora of evidence supports the health benefits and value of flavonoids can play in the physiological function treatment and in the prevention of disease particularly in the prevention of degenerative conditions including cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, flavonoids represent the active constituents of many dietary supplements and herbal remedies, as well as there is an increasing interest in this class of polyphenols as functional ingredients of beverages, food grains and dairy products. Conversely, various studies have also shown that flavonoids have some drawbacks after oral administration such as stability, bioavailability and bioefficacy. This article reviews the current status of novel nanodelivery systems including nanospheres, nanocaspsules, micro- and nanoemulsions, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid capsules, successfully developed for overcoming the delivery challenges of flavonoids.
基金A Scholarship supported Daniyah Almarghalani from Taif University,Saudi Arabia Cultural Missionsupported by the grants from American Heart Association#17AIREA33700076/ZAS/2017the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health#R01NS112642 to ZAS.
文摘Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a subtype of stroke associated with higher rates of mortality.Currently,no effective drug treatment is available for ICH.The molecular pathways following ICH are complicated and diverse.Nucleic acid therapeutics such as gene knockdown by small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)have been developed in recent years to modulate ICH’s destructive pathways and mitigate its outcomes.However,siRNAs delivery to the central nervous system is challenging and faces many roadblocks.Existing barriers to systemic delivery of siRNA limit the use of naked siRNA;therefore,siRNA-vectors developed to protect and deliver these therapies into the specific-target areas of the brain,or cell types seem quite promising.Efficient delivery of siRNA via nanoparticles emerged as a viable and effective alternative therapeutic tool for central nervous system-related diseases.This review discusses the obstacles to siRNA delivery,including the advantages and disadvantages of viral and nonviral vectors.Additionally,we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in nanotherapeutics areas,primarily focusing on the delivery system of siRNA for ICH treatment.
