In this study,a zwitterionic polymer/liquid crystals composite film with programming shape-morphing behavior and humidityresponsive self-healing performance was prepared by blending a zwitterionic polymer and liquid c...In this study,a zwitterionic polymer/liquid crystals composite film with programming shape-morphing behavior and humidityresponsive self-healing performance was prepared by blending a zwitterionic polymer and liquid crystalline azobenzene compound in solution,followed by film-forming in a mold without tedious or multistep synthetic route.The as-obtained zwitterionic polymer/liquid crystal composite film exhibited programming shape-morphing behavior under different stimuli.In this process,the temporary shape of the composite film was memorized after the removal of the stimuli.Such characteristics would fit the requirements of intelligence and energy-saving for stimuliresponsive shape-changing materials.Moreover,the composite film showed humidity-responsive self-healing performances under wet conditions at room temperature.In summary,the simple design and preparation route of the zwitterionic polymer/liquid crystal composite film with programming shape-morphing behavior and mild condition-responsive self-healing performance look promising for the fabrication and practical application of novel photo-driven devices and soft robotics.展开更多
Design of a miniaturized lumped-element bandpass filter in multilayer liquid crystal polymer technology is proposed.Fractional bandwidth of the bandpass filter is 20%,operating at a center frequency of 500 MHz.In orde...Design of a miniaturized lumped-element bandpass filter in multilayer liquid crystal polymer technology is proposed.Fractional bandwidth of the bandpass filter is 20%,operating at a center frequency of 500 MHz.In order to further reduce the size and improve the performance of the proposed filter,defected ground structure(DGS)has been implemented in the filter.Based on this structure,the volume of the inductor is reduced by 60%eficiently compared with the inductor without DGS,and the Q-factor is increased up to 257%compared with the traditional multilayer spiral inductor.The measured results indicate that the designed filter has a very sharp stopband,an insertion loss of 2.3dB,and a return loss of 18.6dB in the passband.The whole volume of the fabricated filter is 0.032入_(g)×0.05入_(g)×0.00075入_(g),where Ag is the guided wavelength of the center frequency.The proposed filter is easily integrated into radio-frequency/microwave circuitry at a low manufacturing cost,especially wireless communication.展开更多
In this paper,a compact defected ground structure loaded ultra high frequency dual-band bandpass flter is designed and implemented based on multilayer liquid crystal polymer technology.This novel filter is simply comp...In this paper,a compact defected ground structure loaded ultra high frequency dual-band bandpass flter is designed and implemented based on multilayer liquid crystal polymer technology.This novel filter is simply composed with several lumped and semi-lumped elements,to create a dual-passband response.In order to enhance the out-of-band rejection,a feedback capacitor C_(z) at the in/out ports of the filter is introduced,and four transmission zeros(TZs)are obtained outside the pass band.Furthermore,the position of TZs can be determined by adjusting the value of C_(z).The schematic and design process of the filter are given in this paper.The center frequencies of dual-band bandpass filter are 0.9 GHz and 2.45 GHz,and the 3-dB bandwidths are 13.7%and 14.3%,respectively.The circuit size is 11 mm×9.5 mm×0.193 mm.The proposed filter has been fabricated and tested,and the measured result is in good agreement with the simulation result.展开更多
Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have attracted much attention for their safety,ease of packaging,costeffectiveness,excellent flexibility and stability.Poly-dioxolane(PDOL)is one of the most promising matrix materials ...Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have attracted much attention for their safety,ease of packaging,costeffectiveness,excellent flexibility and stability.Poly-dioxolane(PDOL)is one of the most promising matrix materials of SPEs due to its remarkable compatibility with lithium metal anodes(LMAs)and suitability for in-situ polymerization.However,poor thermal stability,insufficient ionic conductivity and narrow electrochemical stability window(ESW)hinder its further application in lithium metal batteries(LMBs).To ameliorate these problems,we have successfully synthesized a polymerized-ionic-liquid(PIL)monomer named DIMTFSI by modifying DOL with imidazolium cation coupled with TFSI^(-)anion,which simultaneously inherits the lipophilicity of DOL,high ionic conductivity of imidazole,and excellent stability of PILs.Then the tridentate crosslinker trimethylolpropane tris[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridine)propionate](TTMAP)was introduced to regulate the excessive Li^(+)-O coordination and prepare a flame-retardant SPE(DT-SPE)with prominent thermal stability,wide ESW,high ionic conductivity and abundant Lit transference numbers(t_(Li+)).As a result,the LiFePO_(4)|DT-SPE|Li cell exhibits a high initial discharge specific capacity of 149.60 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2C and 30℃with a capacity retention rate of 98.68%after 500 cycles.This work provides new insights into the structural design of PIL-based electrolytes for long-cycling LMBs with high safety and stability.展开更多
Developing efficient and stable non-precious metal catalysts is essential for replacing platinum-based catalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).The transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon ele...Developing efficient and stable non-precious metal catalysts is essential for replacing platinum-based catalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).The transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon electrocatalyst(M-N-C)is considered an effective alternative to precious metal catalysts.However,its relatively poor performance in acidic environments has always been a problem plaguing its practical application in PEMFCs.This study presents a sequential deposition methodology for constructing a composite catalytic system of Fe-N-C and ionic liquid(IL),which exhibits improved performance at both half-cell and membrane electrode assembly scales.The presence of IL significantly inhibits H_(2)O_(2)production,preferentially promoting the 4e–O_(2)reduction reaction,resulting in improved electrocatalytic activity and stability.Additionally,the enhanced PEMFC performance of IL containing electrodes is a direct result of the improved ionic and reactant accessibility of the pore confined Fe-N-C catalysts where the IL minimizes local resistive transport losses.This study establishes a strategic foundation for the practical utilization of non-precious metal catalysts in PEMFCs and other energy converting technologies.展开更多
Cholesteric liquid crystals(CLCs)exhibit unique helical superstructures that selectively reflect circularly polarized light,enabling them to dynamically respond to environmental changes with tunable structural colors....Cholesteric liquid crystals(CLCs)exhibit unique helical superstructures that selectively reflect circularly polarized light,enabling them to dynamically respond to environmental changes with tunable structural colors.This dynamic color-changing capability is crucial for applications that require adaptable optical properties,positioning CLCs as key materials in advanced photonic technologies.This review focuses on the mechanisms of dynamic color tuning in CLCs across various forms,including small molecules,cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers(CLCEs),and cholesteric liquid crystal networks(CLCNs),and emphasizes the distinct responsive coloration each structure provides.Key developments in photochromic mechanisms based on azobenzene,dithienylethene,and molecular motor switches,are discussed for their roles in enhancing the stability and tuning range of CLCs.We examine the color-changing behaviors of CLCEs under mechanical stimuli and CLCNs under swelling,highlighting the advantages of each form.Following this,applications of dynamic color-tuning CLCs in information encryption,adaptive camouflage,and smart sensing technologies are explored.The review concludes with an outlook on current challenges and future directions in CLC research,particularly in biomimetic systems and dynamic photonic devices,aiming to broaden their functional applications and impact.展开更多
Holographic optical elements(HOEs)based on polymer composites have become a research hot spot in recent years for augmented reality(AR)due to the significant improvement of optical performance,dynamic range,ease of pr...Holographic optical elements(HOEs)based on polymer composites have become a research hot spot in recent years for augmented reality(AR)due to the significant improvement of optical performance,dynamic range,ease of processing and high yield rate.Nevertheless,it remains a formidable challenge to obtain a large field of view(FOV)and brightness due to the limited refractive index modulation.Herein,we report an effective method to tackle the challenge by doping an epoxy liquid crystal termed E6M,which enables a large refractive index modulation of 0.050@633 nm and low haze of 5.0%at a doping concentration of 5 wt%.This achievement may be ascribed to the improved molecular ordering of liquid crystals within the holographic polymer composites.The high refractive index modulation can endow transmission-type holographic polymer composites with a high diffraction efficiency of 96.2%at a small thickness of 5μm,which would promise the design of thin and lightweight AR devices.展开更多
Herein,an external crosslinker facilitated the hypercrosslinking of ferrocene and a nitrogen heterocyclic compound(either melamine or imidazole)through a direct Friedel-Crafts reaction,which led to the formation of ni...Herein,an external crosslinker facilitated the hypercrosslinking of ferrocene and a nitrogen heterocyclic compound(either melamine or imidazole)through a direct Friedel-Crafts reaction,which led to the formation of nitrogen-containing hypercrosslinked fer-rocene polymer precursors(HCP-FCs).Subsequent carbonization of these precursors results in the production of iron-nitrogen-doped por-ous carbon absorbers(Fe-NPCs).The Fe-NPCs demonstrate a porous structure comprising aggregated nanotubes and nanospheres.The porosity of this structure can be modulated by adjusting the iron and nitrogen contents to optimize impedance matching.The uniform dis-tribution of Fe-N_(x)C,N dipoles,andα-Fe within the carbon matrix can be ensured by using hypercrosslinked ferrocenes in constructing porous carbon,providing the absorber with numerous polarization sites and a conductive network.The electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the specially designed Fe-NPC-M_(2)absorbers is satisfactory,revealing a minimum reflection loss of-55.3 dB at 2.5 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.00 GHz at 2.0 mm.By utilizing hypercrosslinked polymers(HCPs)as precursors,a novel method for developing highly efficient carbon-based absorbing agents is introduced in this research.展开更多
The fluorescence imaging (FLI) in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700nm) has attracted considerable attention in the past decade. In contrast to conventional NIR-I window excitation (808nm/980nm), FLI ...The fluorescence imaging (FLI) in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700nm) has attracted considerable attention in the past decade. In contrast to conventional NIR-I window excitation (808nm/980nm), FLI with NIR-II window excitation (1064nm/other wavelength beyond 1000nm) can afford deeper tissue penetration depth with high clarity due to the merits of suppressed photon scattering and diminished autofluorescence. In this review, we have summarized NIR-II window excitable/emissive organic/polymeric fluorophores recently developed. The characteristics of these fluorophores such as chemical structures and photophysical properties have also been critically discussed. Furthermore, the latest development of noninvasive in vivo FLI with NIR-II excitation was highlighted. The ideal imaging results emphasized the importance of NIR-II excitation of these fluorophores in enabling deep tissue penetration and high-resolution imaging. Finally, a perspective on the challenges and prospects of NIR-II excitable/emissive organic/polymeric fluorophores was also discussed. We expected this review will be served as a source of inspiration for researchers, stimulating the creation of novel NIR-II excitable fluorophores and fostering the development of bioimaging applications.展开更多
As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a ...As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a wide range of sources in traditional Chinese medicine like spider fragrance,spearmint and chrysanthemum,as well as in Citrus fruit.However,traditional analytical methods such as silica gel column chromatography face multiple challenges in the selective extraction of diosmetin from biological materials and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new type of absorbent with high efficiency,recyclability and good specificity to diosmetin.In this investigation,a magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer(labeled as Diosmetin/SMIPs)was synthesized employing magnetic nanoparticles as the carrier and 4-vinylpyridinyl(4-VP)as the functional monomer by surface imprinting technology.The functional monomer was screened by the binding energy(△E)between functional monomers and template molecules via computational simulation.The Diosmetin/SMIPs had a high level of specific recognition and adsorption capability towards diosmetin with a 20.25 mg g^(-1) adsorption capacity and an imprinting factor(IF)of 2.28.Additionally,it demonstrated excellent regeneration performance with 8 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,91.20%-94.16% of spiked diosmetin was recovered from the lemon peel samples.The strategy of constructing Diosmetin/SMIPs based on computational simulation can effectively enhance the specific adsorption performance of diosmetin.Meanwhile,Diosmetin/SMIPs synthesized by imprinting polymerization showed excellent anti-interference and reusability,and realized efficient targeted extraction of diosmetin from lemon peel samples.The results of this investigation provide a promising adsorbent for selective enrichment of diosmetin from Citrus fruit and complicated materials.展开更多
To achieve the target of carbon neutrality,it is crucial to develop an efficient and green synthesis methodology with good atomic economy to achieve sufficient utilization of energy and sustainable development.Photoin...To achieve the target of carbon neutrality,it is crucial to develop an efficient and green synthesis methodology with good atomic economy to achieve sufficient utilization of energy and sustainable development.Photoinduced electron transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer(PET-RAFT)polymerization is a precise methodology for constructing polymers with well-defined structures.However,conventional semiconductor-mediated PET-RAFT polymerization still has considerable limitations in terms of efficiency as well as the polymerization environment.Herein,sulfur-doped carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)were hydrothermally synthesized for catalysis of aqueous PET-RAFT polymerization at unprecedented efficiency with a highest propagation rate of 5.05 h-1.The resulting polymers have well-controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight dispersion(Ð<1.10).Based on the optoelectronic characterizations,we obtained insights into the photoinduced electron transfer process and proposed the mechanism for CPD-mediated PET-RAFT polymerization.In addition,as-synthesized CPDs for PET-RAFT polymerization were also demonstrated to be suitable for a wide range of light sources(blue/green/solar irradiation),numerous monomers,low catalyst loading(low as 0.01 mg mL^(-1)),and multiple polar solvent environments,all of which allowed to achieve efficiencies much higher than those of existing semiconductor-mediated methods.Finally,the CPDs were confirmed to be non-cytotoxic and catalyzed PET-RAFT polymerization successfully in cell culture media,indicating broad prospects in biomedical fields.展开更多
In recent years,smart materials have emerged as a groundbreaking innovation in the field of water filtration,offering sustainable,efficient,and environmentally friendly solutions to address the growing global water cr...In recent years,smart materials have emerged as a groundbreaking innovation in the field of water filtration,offering sustainable,efficient,and environmentally friendly solutions to address the growing global water crisis.This review explores the latest advancements in the application of smart materials—including biomaterials,nanocomposites,and stimuli-responsive polymers—specifically for water treatment.It examines their effectiveness in detecting and removing various types of pollutants,including organic contaminants,heavy metals,and microbial infections,while adapting to dynamic environmental conditions such as fluctuations in temperature,pH,and pressure.The review highlights the remarkable versatility of these materials,emphasizing their multifunctionality,which allows them to address a wide range of water quality issues with high efficiency and low environmental impact.Moreover,it explores the potential of smart materials to overcome significant challenges in water purification,such as the need for real-time pollutant detection and targeted removal processes.The research also discusses the scalability and future development of these materials,considering their cost-effectiveness and potential for large-scale application.By aligning with the principles of sustainable development,smart materials represent a promising direction for ensuring global water security,offering both innovative solutions for current water pollution issues and long-term benefits for the environment and public health.展开更多
The recent commercialization of gene products has sparked significant interest in gene therapy,necessitating efficient and precise gene delivery via various vectors.Currently,viral vectors and lipid-based nanocarriers...The recent commercialization of gene products has sparked significant interest in gene therapy,necessitating efficient and precise gene delivery via various vectors.Currently,viral vectors and lipid-based nanocarriers are the predominant choices and have been extensively investigated and reviewed.Beyond these vectors,polymeric nanocarriers also hold the promise in therapeutic gene delivery owing to their versatile functionalities,such as improving the stability,cellar uptake and endosomal escape of nucleic acid drugs,along with precise delivery to targeted tissues.This review presents a brief overview of the status quo of the emerging polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery,focusing on key cationic polymers,nanocarrier types,and preparation methods.It also highlights targeted diseases,strategies to improve delivery efficiency,and potential future directions in this research area.The review is hoped to inspire the development,optimization,and clinical translation of highly efficient polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery.展开更多
Ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))is an irreversible trend for the development of waste-to-energy industry.But traditional approaches to remove NO_(x) face significant challenge s,such as low denitration eff...Ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))is an irreversible trend for the development of waste-to-energy industry.But traditional approaches to remove NO_(x) face significant challenge s,such as low denitration efficiency,complex denitration system,and high investment and operating cost.Here we put forward a novel polymer non-catalytic reduction(PNCR)technology that utilized a new type of polymer agent to remove NO_(x),and the proposed PNCR technology was applied to the existing waste-to-energy plant to test the denitration performance.The PNCR technology demonstrated excellent denitration performance with a NO_(x) emission concentration of<100 mg/Nm^(3) and high denitration efficiency of>75%at the temperature range of 800-900℃,which showed the application feasibility even on the complex and unstable industrial operating conditions.In addition,PNCR and hybrid polymer/selective non-catalytic reduction(PNCR/SNCR)technology possessed remarkable economic advantages including low investment fee and low operating cost of<10 CNY per ton of municipal solid waste(MSW)compared with selective catalytic reduction(SCR)technology.The excellent denitration performance of PNCR technology forebodes a broad industrial application prospect in the field of flue gas cleaning for waste-to-energy plants.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are regarded as promising electrochemical energy-storage systems for various applications because of their high safety,low costs,and high capacities.However,dendrite formation and side react...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are regarded as promising electrochemical energy-storage systems for various applications because of their high safety,low costs,and high capacities.However,dendrite formation and side reactions during zinc plating or stripping greatly reduce the capacity and cycle life of a battery and subsequently limit its practical application.To address these issues,we modified the surface of a zinc anode with a functional bilayer composed of zincophilic Cu and flexible polymer layers.The zincophilic Cu interfacial layer was prepared through CuSO_(4)solution pretreatment to serve as a nucleation site to facilitate uniform Zn deposition.Meanwhile,the polymer layer was coated onto the Cu interface layer to serve as a protective layer that would prevent side reactions between zinc and electrolytes.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the zincophilic Cu and protective polymer layers,the symmetric battery exhibits an impressive cycle life,lasting over 2900 h at a current density of 1 m A·cm^(-2)with a capacity of 1 m A·h·cm^(-2).Moreover,a full battery paired with a vanadium oxide cathode achieves a remarkable capacity retention of 72%even after 500 cycles.展开更多
A series of novel side-chain liquid crystalline(SCLC)copolymers were synthesized by attaching two distinct mesogenic units,namely a chiral cholesteryl-based monomer(M1)and an achiral biphenyl-based monomer(M2),to a po...A series of novel side-chain liquid crystalline(SCLC)copolymers were synthesized by attaching two distinct mesogenic units,namely a chiral cholesteryl-based monomer(M1)and an achiral biphenyl-based monomer(M2),to a poly(3-mercaptopropylmethylsiloxane)(PMMS)backbone via thiol-ene click chemistry.The influence of side chain composition on the self-assembly behavior and phase structures of these SCLC copolymers was systematically investigated using different instrument.Results indicate that three distinct liquid crystalline phases and four unique molecular configurations were identified within the polymer series,with the emergence of the liquid crystalline phase being a synergistic outcome of the two distinct side chains.This study underscores the critical influence of side chain dimensions,rigidity,and spatial volume on the self-assembly structures and phase characteristics of liquid crystalline polymers,providing valuable insights for the rational design and development of advanced functional materials with tailored properties.展开更多
One Yb(Ⅲ)-based coordination polymer,{[Yb(H_(2)dhtp)1.5(H_(2)O)_(4)]·3H_(2)O}n(1)(H_(4)dhtp=2,5-dihydroxytere-phthalic acid),was fabricated and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR,p...One Yb(Ⅲ)-based coordination polymer,{[Yb(H_(2)dhtp)1.5(H_(2)O)_(4)]·3H_(2)O}n(1)(H_(4)dhtp=2,5-dihydroxytere-phthalic acid),was fabricated and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR,powder X-ray diffraction,X-ray diffraction,and elemental analysis.Complex 1 displays a 1D chain structure,and belongs to P1 group.The solid-state luminescent spectrum of 1 showed an emission band with the maximum at 508 nm(λex=408 nm).It exhibited the emission characteristic of the H_(4)dhtp ligand.The fluorescence of 1 in water displayed the stron-gest intensity.In detecting various metal ions,adding Zr^(4+)led to a blue shift in fluorescence,accompanied by an increase in intensity,whereas the presence of Fe^(3+)resulted in a decrease in luminescence.The changes observed in the IR spectrum indicate an interaction between Fe^(3+)/Zr^(4+)and complex 1,resulting in the variation of luminescence properties.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted significant interest as self-templates and precursors for the synthesis of carbon-based composites aimed at electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption.However,the utilization of h...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted significant interest as self-templates and precursors for the synthesis of carbon-based composites aimed at electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption.However,the utilization of high-temperature treatments has introduced uncertainties regarding the compositions and microstructures of resulting derivatives.Additionally,complete carbonization has led to diminished yields of the produced carbon composites,significantly limiting their practical applications.Consequently,the exploration of pristine MOF-based EMW absorbers presents an intriguing yet challenging endeavor,primarily due to inherently low electrical conductivity.In this study,we showcase the utilization of structurally robust Zr-MOFs as scaffolds to build highly conductive Zr-MOF/PPy composites via an inner-outer dual-modification approach,which involves the production of conducting polypyrrole(PPy)both within the confined nanoporous channels and the external surface of Zr-MOFs via post-synthetic modification.The interconnection of confined PPy and surface-lined PPy together leads to a consecutive and extensive conducting network to the maximum extent.This therefore entails outstanding conductivity up to~14.3 S cm^(-1) in Zr-MOF/PPy composites,which is approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that for conductive MOF nanocomposites constructed from either inner or outer modification.Benefiting from the strong and tunable conduction loss,as well as the induced dielectric polarization originated from the porous structures and MOF-polymer interfaces,Zr-MOF/PPy exhibits excellent microwave attenuation capabilities and a tunable absorption frequency range.Specifically,with only 15 wt.%loading,the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)can reach up to-67.4 dB,accompanied by an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)extending to 6.74 GHz.Furthermore,the microwave absorption characteristics can be tailored from the C-band to the Ku-band by adjusting the loading of PPy.This work provides valuable insights into the fabrication of conductive MOF composites by presenting a straightforward pathway to enhance and reg-ulate electrical conduction in MOF-based nanocomposites,thus paving a way to facilely fabricate pristine MOF-based microwave absorbers.展开更多
Under the condition of solvothermal synthesis,the viologen ligand 1,1′-bis(3-carboxyphenyl)-(4,4′-bipyri-dine)dichloride(H_(2)bcbpy·2Cl)and KI are coordinated with the metal cadmium ions.A case of thermochromic...Under the condition of solvothermal synthesis,the viologen ligand 1,1′-bis(3-carboxyphenyl)-(4,4′-bipyri-dine)dichloride(H_(2)bcbpy·2Cl)and KI are coordinated with the metal cadmium ions.A case of thermochromic coor-dination polymer[Cd(bcbpy)I_(2)]·2H_(2)O(1)was constructed.Complex 1 displays a 1D chain structure and exhibits thermochromic behavior.Under different temperature stimulation,the complex(ground)slowly changed from green to yellow-green,and with the increase of temperature,the color of complex 1 gradually deepened,and finally became orange-yellow.Therefore,complex 1 was prepared as a thermochromic film.In addition,we also performed electrochemical tests on complex 1,which showed that the complex is a semiconductor material.CCDC:2391802.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51773120 and 51802201)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515011985)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project(Nos.JCYJ20190808115609663 and JCYJ20190808123207674)the Scientific Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education(No.2020ZDZX2040).
文摘In this study,a zwitterionic polymer/liquid crystals composite film with programming shape-morphing behavior and humidityresponsive self-healing performance was prepared by blending a zwitterionic polymer and liquid crystalline azobenzene compound in solution,followed by film-forming in a mold without tedious or multistep synthetic route.The as-obtained zwitterionic polymer/liquid crystal composite film exhibited programming shape-morphing behavior under different stimuli.In this process,the temporary shape of the composite film was memorized after the removal of the stimuli.Such characteristics would fit the requirements of intelligence and energy-saving for stimuliresponsive shape-changing materials.Moreover,the composite film showed humidity-responsive self-healing performances under wet conditions at room temperature.In summary,the simple design and preparation route of the zwitterionic polymer/liquid crystal composite film with programming shape-morphing behavior and mild condition-responsive self-healing performance look promising for the fabrication and practical application of novel photo-driven devices and soft robotics.
基金the Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2020GY-040)。
文摘Design of a miniaturized lumped-element bandpass filter in multilayer liquid crystal polymer technology is proposed.Fractional bandwidth of the bandpass filter is 20%,operating at a center frequency of 500 MHz.In order to further reduce the size and improve the performance of the proposed filter,defected ground structure(DGS)has been implemented in the filter.Based on this structure,the volume of the inductor is reduced by 60%eficiently compared with the inductor without DGS,and the Q-factor is increased up to 257%compared with the traditional multilayer spiral inductor.The measured results indicate that the designed filter has a very sharp stopband,an insertion loss of 2.3dB,and a return loss of 18.6dB in the passband.The whole volume of the fabricated filter is 0.032入_(g)×0.05入_(g)×0.00075入_(g),where Ag is the guided wavelength of the center frequency.The proposed filter is easily integrated into radio-frequency/microwave circuitry at a low manufacturing cost,especially wireless communication.
基金the Shaanxi Provincial Innovation Team Project(No.2020TD-019)the Xi'an Sciences Plan Project(No.2021XJZZ0075)。
文摘In this paper,a compact defected ground structure loaded ultra high frequency dual-band bandpass flter is designed and implemented based on multilayer liquid crystal polymer technology.This novel filter is simply composed with several lumped and semi-lumped elements,to create a dual-passband response.In order to enhance the out-of-band rejection,a feedback capacitor C_(z) at the in/out ports of the filter is introduced,and four transmission zeros(TZs)are obtained outside the pass band.Furthermore,the position of TZs can be determined by adjusting the value of C_(z).The schematic and design process of the filter are given in this paper.The center frequencies of dual-band bandpass filter are 0.9 GHz and 2.45 GHz,and the 3-dB bandwidths are 13.7%and 14.3%,respectively.The circuit size is 11 mm×9.5 mm×0.193 mm.The proposed filter has been fabricated and tested,and the measured result is in good agreement with the simulation result.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0207300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22179142 and 22075314)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Grant No.2024ZB051 and 2023ZB836)the technical support for Nano-X from Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO).
文摘Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have attracted much attention for their safety,ease of packaging,costeffectiveness,excellent flexibility and stability.Poly-dioxolane(PDOL)is one of the most promising matrix materials of SPEs due to its remarkable compatibility with lithium metal anodes(LMAs)and suitability for in-situ polymerization.However,poor thermal stability,insufficient ionic conductivity and narrow electrochemical stability window(ESW)hinder its further application in lithium metal batteries(LMBs).To ameliorate these problems,we have successfully synthesized a polymerized-ionic-liquid(PIL)monomer named DIMTFSI by modifying DOL with imidazolium cation coupled with TFSI^(-)anion,which simultaneously inherits the lipophilicity of DOL,high ionic conductivity of imidazole,and excellent stability of PILs.Then the tridentate crosslinker trimethylolpropane tris[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridine)propionate](TTMAP)was introduced to regulate the excessive Li^(+)-O coordination and prepare a flame-retardant SPE(DT-SPE)with prominent thermal stability,wide ESW,high ionic conductivity and abundant Lit transference numbers(t_(Li+)).As a result,the LiFePO_(4)|DT-SPE|Li cell exhibits a high initial discharge specific capacity of 149.60 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2C and 30℃with a capacity retention rate of 98.68%after 500 cycles.This work provides new insights into the structural design of PIL-based electrolytes for long-cycling LMBs with high safety and stability.
基金国家自然科学基金(22202124,22208376)山西省科技创新团队专项资金(202304051001023)+3 种基金山西省重点研发计划(202302060301009)山西省国家留学基金委(2023-008,2023-009)山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023LFG005)青岛新能源山东实验室开放项目(QNESL OP 202303).
文摘Developing efficient and stable non-precious metal catalysts is essential for replacing platinum-based catalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).The transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon electrocatalyst(M-N-C)is considered an effective alternative to precious metal catalysts.However,its relatively poor performance in acidic environments has always been a problem plaguing its practical application in PEMFCs.This study presents a sequential deposition methodology for constructing a composite catalytic system of Fe-N-C and ionic liquid(IL),which exhibits improved performance at both half-cell and membrane electrode assembly scales.The presence of IL significantly inhibits H_(2)O_(2)production,preferentially promoting the 4e–O_(2)reduction reaction,resulting in improved electrocatalytic activity and stability.Additionally,the enhanced PEMFC performance of IL containing electrodes is a direct result of the improved ionic and reactant accessibility of the pore confined Fe-N-C catalysts where the IL minimizes local resistive transport losses.This study establishes a strategic foundation for the practical utilization of non-precious metal catalysts in PEMFCs and other energy converting technologies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52233001,51927805,and 52173110)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2023ZKZD07)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.22QA1401200)。
文摘Cholesteric liquid crystals(CLCs)exhibit unique helical superstructures that selectively reflect circularly polarized light,enabling them to dynamically respond to environmental changes with tunable structural colors.This dynamic color-changing capability is crucial for applications that require adaptable optical properties,positioning CLCs as key materials in advanced photonic technologies.This review focuses on the mechanisms of dynamic color tuning in CLCs across various forms,including small molecules,cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers(CLCEs),and cholesteric liquid crystal networks(CLCNs),and emphasizes the distinct responsive coloration each structure provides.Key developments in photochromic mechanisms based on azobenzene,dithienylethene,and molecular motor switches,are discussed for their roles in enhancing the stability and tuning range of CLCs.We examine the color-changing behaviors of CLCEs under mechanical stimuli and CLCNs under swelling,highlighting the advantages of each form.Following this,applications of dynamic color-tuning CLCs in information encryption,adaptive camouflage,and smart sensing technologies are explored.The review concludes with an outlook on current challenges and future directions in CLC research,particularly in biomimetic systems and dynamic photonic devices,aiming to broaden their functional applications and impact.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122316,52073108 and 52233005)the Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base of New Energy Chemistry and Device(No.B21003)。
文摘Holographic optical elements(HOEs)based on polymer composites have become a research hot spot in recent years for augmented reality(AR)due to the significant improvement of optical performance,dynamic range,ease of processing and high yield rate.Nevertheless,it remains a formidable challenge to obtain a large field of view(FOV)and brightness due to the limited refractive index modulation.Herein,we report an effective method to tackle the challenge by doping an epoxy liquid crystal termed E6M,which enables a large refractive index modulation of 0.050@633 nm and low haze of 5.0%at a doping concentration of 5 wt%.This achievement may be ascribed to the improved molecular ordering of liquid crystals within the holographic polymer composites.The high refractive index modulation can endow transmission-type holographic polymer composites with a high diffraction efficiency of 96.2%at a small thickness of 5μm,which would promise the design of thin and lightweight AR devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51803041)the University and Local Integration Development Project of Yantai,China(No.2022 XDRHXMXK08).
文摘Herein,an external crosslinker facilitated the hypercrosslinking of ferrocene and a nitrogen heterocyclic compound(either melamine or imidazole)through a direct Friedel-Crafts reaction,which led to the formation of nitrogen-containing hypercrosslinked fer-rocene polymer precursors(HCP-FCs).Subsequent carbonization of these precursors results in the production of iron-nitrogen-doped por-ous carbon absorbers(Fe-NPCs).The Fe-NPCs demonstrate a porous structure comprising aggregated nanotubes and nanospheres.The porosity of this structure can be modulated by adjusting the iron and nitrogen contents to optimize impedance matching.The uniform dis-tribution of Fe-N_(x)C,N dipoles,andα-Fe within the carbon matrix can be ensured by using hypercrosslinked ferrocenes in constructing porous carbon,providing the absorber with numerous polarization sites and a conductive network.The electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the specially designed Fe-NPC-M_(2)absorbers is satisfactory,revealing a minimum reflection loss of-55.3 dB at 2.5 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.00 GHz at 2.0 mm.By utilizing hypercrosslinked polymers(HCPs)as precursors,a novel method for developing highly efficient carbon-based absorbing agents is introduced in this research.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.62075079,62305127,61975200)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(20230508135RC)the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Changchun City(23GZZ15).
文摘The fluorescence imaging (FLI) in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700nm) has attracted considerable attention in the past decade. In contrast to conventional NIR-I window excitation (808nm/980nm), FLI with NIR-II window excitation (1064nm/other wavelength beyond 1000nm) can afford deeper tissue penetration depth with high clarity due to the merits of suppressed photon scattering and diminished autofluorescence. In this review, we have summarized NIR-II window excitable/emissive organic/polymeric fluorophores recently developed. The characteristics of these fluorophores such as chemical structures and photophysical properties have also been critically discussed. Furthermore, the latest development of noninvasive in vivo FLI with NIR-II excitation was highlighted. The ideal imaging results emphasized the importance of NIR-II excitation of these fluorophores in enabling deep tissue penetration and high-resolution imaging. Finally, a perspective on the challenges and prospects of NIR-II excitable/emissive organic/polymeric fluorophores was also discussed. We expected this review will be served as a source of inspiration for researchers, stimulating the creation of novel NIR-II excitable fluorophores and fostering the development of bioimaging applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32301259,32101228,32271527 and 32371536)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Nos.2022C02023 and 2023C02015)+1 种基金the Research Foundation of Talented Scholars of Zhejiang A&F University(No.2021LFR058)the Dean-ship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FPEJ-2024-177-01”.
文摘As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a wide range of sources in traditional Chinese medicine like spider fragrance,spearmint and chrysanthemum,as well as in Citrus fruit.However,traditional analytical methods such as silica gel column chromatography face multiple challenges in the selective extraction of diosmetin from biological materials and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new type of absorbent with high efficiency,recyclability and good specificity to diosmetin.In this investigation,a magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer(labeled as Diosmetin/SMIPs)was synthesized employing magnetic nanoparticles as the carrier and 4-vinylpyridinyl(4-VP)as the functional monomer by surface imprinting technology.The functional monomer was screened by the binding energy(△E)between functional monomers and template molecules via computational simulation.The Diosmetin/SMIPs had a high level of specific recognition and adsorption capability towards diosmetin with a 20.25 mg g^(-1) adsorption capacity and an imprinting factor(IF)of 2.28.Additionally,it demonstrated excellent regeneration performance with 8 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,91.20%-94.16% of spiked diosmetin was recovered from the lemon peel samples.The strategy of constructing Diosmetin/SMIPs based on computational simulation can effectively enhance the specific adsorption performance of diosmetin.Meanwhile,Diosmetin/SMIPs synthesized by imprinting polymerization showed excellent anti-interference and reusability,and realized efficient targeted extraction of diosmetin from lemon peel samples.The results of this investigation provide a promising adsorbent for selective enrichment of diosmetin from Citrus fruit and complicated materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.22035001 and No.52233005.
文摘To achieve the target of carbon neutrality,it is crucial to develop an efficient and green synthesis methodology with good atomic economy to achieve sufficient utilization of energy and sustainable development.Photoinduced electron transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer(PET-RAFT)polymerization is a precise methodology for constructing polymers with well-defined structures.However,conventional semiconductor-mediated PET-RAFT polymerization still has considerable limitations in terms of efficiency as well as the polymerization environment.Herein,sulfur-doped carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)were hydrothermally synthesized for catalysis of aqueous PET-RAFT polymerization at unprecedented efficiency with a highest propagation rate of 5.05 h-1.The resulting polymers have well-controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight dispersion(Ð<1.10).Based on the optoelectronic characterizations,we obtained insights into the photoinduced electron transfer process and proposed the mechanism for CPD-mediated PET-RAFT polymerization.In addition,as-synthesized CPDs for PET-RAFT polymerization were also demonstrated to be suitable for a wide range of light sources(blue/green/solar irradiation),numerous monomers,low catalyst loading(low as 0.01 mg mL^(-1)),and multiple polar solvent environments,all of which allowed to achieve efficiencies much higher than those of existing semiconductor-mediated methods.Finally,the CPDs were confirmed to be non-cytotoxic and catalyzed PET-RAFT polymerization successfully in cell culture media,indicating broad prospects in biomedical fields.
文摘In recent years,smart materials have emerged as a groundbreaking innovation in the field of water filtration,offering sustainable,efficient,and environmentally friendly solutions to address the growing global water crisis.This review explores the latest advancements in the application of smart materials—including biomaterials,nanocomposites,and stimuli-responsive polymers—specifically for water treatment.It examines their effectiveness in detecting and removing various types of pollutants,including organic contaminants,heavy metals,and microbial infections,while adapting to dynamic environmental conditions such as fluctuations in temperature,pH,and pressure.The review highlights the remarkable versatility of these materials,emphasizing their multifunctionality,which allows them to address a wide range of water quality issues with high efficiency and low environmental impact.Moreover,it explores the potential of smart materials to overcome significant challenges in water purification,such as the need for real-time pollutant detection and targeted removal processes.The research also discusses the scalability and future development of these materials,considering their cost-effectiveness and potential for large-scale application.By aligning with the principles of sustainable development,smart materials represent a promising direction for ensuring global water security,offering both innovative solutions for current water pollution issues and long-term benefits for the environment and public health.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104082)Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2024-ZJ-911).
文摘The recent commercialization of gene products has sparked significant interest in gene therapy,necessitating efficient and precise gene delivery via various vectors.Currently,viral vectors and lipid-based nanocarriers are the predominant choices and have been extensively investigated and reviewed.Beyond these vectors,polymeric nanocarriers also hold the promise in therapeutic gene delivery owing to their versatile functionalities,such as improving the stability,cellar uptake and endosomal escape of nucleic acid drugs,along with precise delivery to targeted tissues.This review presents a brief overview of the status quo of the emerging polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery,focusing on key cationic polymers,nanocarrier types,and preparation methods.It also highlights targeted diseases,strategies to improve delivery efficiency,and potential future directions in this research area.The review is hoped to inspire the development,optimization,and clinical translation of highly efficient polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92367107)。
文摘Ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxide(NO_(x))is an irreversible trend for the development of waste-to-energy industry.But traditional approaches to remove NO_(x) face significant challenge s,such as low denitration efficiency,complex denitration system,and high investment and operating cost.Here we put forward a novel polymer non-catalytic reduction(PNCR)technology that utilized a new type of polymer agent to remove NO_(x),and the proposed PNCR technology was applied to the existing waste-to-energy plant to test the denitration performance.The PNCR technology demonstrated excellent denitration performance with a NO_(x) emission concentration of<100 mg/Nm^(3) and high denitration efficiency of>75%at the temperature range of 800-900℃,which showed the application feasibility even on the complex and unstable industrial operating conditions.In addition,PNCR and hybrid polymer/selective non-catalytic reduction(PNCR/SNCR)technology possessed remarkable economic advantages including low investment fee and low operating cost of<10 CNY per ton of municipal solid waste(MSW)compared with selective catalytic reduction(SCR)technology.The excellent denitration performance of PNCR technology forebodes a broad industrial application prospect in the field of flue gas cleaning for waste-to-energy plants.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Henan Province,China(No.242102241042)the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program(No.225200810093)+1 种基金the Startup Research of Henan Academy of Sciences(No.231817001)the Key Innovation Projects for Postgraduates of Henan Academy of Sciences(No.24331712)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are regarded as promising electrochemical energy-storage systems for various applications because of their high safety,low costs,and high capacities.However,dendrite formation and side reactions during zinc plating or stripping greatly reduce the capacity and cycle life of a battery and subsequently limit its practical application.To address these issues,we modified the surface of a zinc anode with a functional bilayer composed of zincophilic Cu and flexible polymer layers.The zincophilic Cu interfacial layer was prepared through CuSO_(4)solution pretreatment to serve as a nucleation site to facilitate uniform Zn deposition.Meanwhile,the polymer layer was coated onto the Cu interface layer to serve as a protective layer that would prevent side reactions between zinc and electrolytes.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the zincophilic Cu and protective polymer layers,the symmetric battery exhibits an impressive cycle life,lasting over 2900 h at a current density of 1 m A·cm^(-2)with a capacity of 1 m A·h·cm^(-2).Moreover,a full battery paired with a vanadium oxide cathode achieves a remarkable capacity retention of 72%even after 500 cycles.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52263033 and 52202081)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2021M690954)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.20JR10RA105)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2022JJ30152)the graduate research funding project of Northwest Normal University(No.2023KYZZ-S157)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China(No.20232BAB204030)。
文摘A series of novel side-chain liquid crystalline(SCLC)copolymers were synthesized by attaching two distinct mesogenic units,namely a chiral cholesteryl-based monomer(M1)and an achiral biphenyl-based monomer(M2),to a poly(3-mercaptopropylmethylsiloxane)(PMMS)backbone via thiol-ene click chemistry.The influence of side chain composition on the self-assembly behavior and phase structures of these SCLC copolymers was systematically investigated using different instrument.Results indicate that three distinct liquid crystalline phases and four unique molecular configurations were identified within the polymer series,with the emergence of the liquid crystalline phase being a synergistic outcome of the two distinct side chains.This study underscores the critical influence of side chain dimensions,rigidity,and spatial volume on the self-assembly structures and phase characteristics of liquid crystalline polymers,providing valuable insights for the rational design and development of advanced functional materials with tailored properties.
文摘One Yb(Ⅲ)-based coordination polymer,{[Yb(H_(2)dhtp)1.5(H_(2)O)_(4)]·3H_(2)O}n(1)(H_(4)dhtp=2,5-dihydroxytere-phthalic acid),was fabricated and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR,powder X-ray diffraction,X-ray diffraction,and elemental analysis.Complex 1 displays a 1D chain structure,and belongs to P1 group.The solid-state luminescent spectrum of 1 showed an emission band with the maximum at 508 nm(λex=408 nm).It exhibited the emission characteristic of the H_(4)dhtp ligand.The fluorescence of 1 in water displayed the stron-gest intensity.In detecting various metal ions,adding Zr^(4+)led to a blue shift in fluorescence,accompanied by an increase in intensity,whereas the presence of Fe^(3+)resulted in a decrease in luminescence.The changes observed in the IR spectrum indicate an interaction between Fe^(3+)/Zr^(4+)and complex 1,resulting in the variation of luminescence properties.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2232023D-01 and 2232023D-07)the Shanghai Science&Technology Committee(No.22ZR1403300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372040).
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted significant interest as self-templates and precursors for the synthesis of carbon-based composites aimed at electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption.However,the utilization of high-temperature treatments has introduced uncertainties regarding the compositions and microstructures of resulting derivatives.Additionally,complete carbonization has led to diminished yields of the produced carbon composites,significantly limiting their practical applications.Consequently,the exploration of pristine MOF-based EMW absorbers presents an intriguing yet challenging endeavor,primarily due to inherently low electrical conductivity.In this study,we showcase the utilization of structurally robust Zr-MOFs as scaffolds to build highly conductive Zr-MOF/PPy composites via an inner-outer dual-modification approach,which involves the production of conducting polypyrrole(PPy)both within the confined nanoporous channels and the external surface of Zr-MOFs via post-synthetic modification.The interconnection of confined PPy and surface-lined PPy together leads to a consecutive and extensive conducting network to the maximum extent.This therefore entails outstanding conductivity up to~14.3 S cm^(-1) in Zr-MOF/PPy composites,which is approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that for conductive MOF nanocomposites constructed from either inner or outer modification.Benefiting from the strong and tunable conduction loss,as well as the induced dielectric polarization originated from the porous structures and MOF-polymer interfaces,Zr-MOF/PPy exhibits excellent microwave attenuation capabilities and a tunable absorption frequency range.Specifically,with only 15 wt.%loading,the minimum reflection loss(RLmin)can reach up to-67.4 dB,accompanied by an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)extending to 6.74 GHz.Furthermore,the microwave absorption characteristics can be tailored from the C-band to the Ku-band by adjusting the loading of PPy.This work provides valuable insights into the fabrication of conductive MOF composites by presenting a straightforward pathway to enhance and reg-ulate electrical conduction in MOF-based nanocomposites,thus paving a way to facilely fabricate pristine MOF-based microwave absorbers.
文摘Under the condition of solvothermal synthesis,the viologen ligand 1,1′-bis(3-carboxyphenyl)-(4,4′-bipyri-dine)dichloride(H_(2)bcbpy·2Cl)and KI are coordinated with the metal cadmium ions.A case of thermochromic coor-dination polymer[Cd(bcbpy)I_(2)]·2H_(2)O(1)was constructed.Complex 1 displays a 1D chain structure and exhibits thermochromic behavior.Under different temperature stimulation,the complex(ground)slowly changed from green to yellow-green,and with the increase of temperature,the color of complex 1 gradually deepened,and finally became orange-yellow.Therefore,complex 1 was prepared as a thermochromic film.In addition,we also performed electrochemical tests on complex 1,which showed that the complex is a semiconductor material.CCDC:2391802.
