Political instability has increased drastically in Pakistan during the last few decades.This may intensify the fear of investors and eventually affect investment decisions.Therefore,the stock market’s reaction to pol...Political instability has increased drastically in Pakistan during the last few decades.This may intensify the fear of investors and eventually affect investment decisions.Therefore,the stock market’s reaction to political stability must be explored and appropriate policy measures should be prescribed.This paper examines the effect of political stability on stock market returns and volatility using time series data from Pakistan for the period from January 02,2004,to May 31,2018.The study uses the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic(GARCH)and Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic(EGARCH)models to achieve the main objectives.The findings of the GARCH and EGARCH models confirm that political stability has a positive and significant influence on both stock market returns and volatility in Pakistan.In addition,the EGARCH findings indicate that negative shock(political instability)creates more volatility in the stock market than positive shock(political stability).The results of this study reveal that financial market investors are affected more by political instability.In conclusion,this study suggests that political stability is an essential factor affecting financial market volatility,and it leads to stable financial markets.It also emphasizes that political instability needs to be resolved to achieve stable financial markets.展开更多
Judging from the current situation,political stability will persist in Russia af-ter Yeltsin’s reelection.The answer lies in the following factors:* * * The basic state system has been established without signs ofany...Judging from the current situation,political stability will persist in Russia af-ter Yeltsin’s reelection.The answer lies in the following factors:* * * The basic state system has been established without signs ofany change on the horizon.In the course of reforms over the past five years,con-stitutional system,presidency and the multi-party system have all been in place.During the presidential election campaign,not a single party opposed the currentpolitical system.Therefore,no matter which party comes to power,there展开更多
The evolution of China-ASEAN relations ranks among the most significant geopolitical and economic dynamics of the 21st Century.Comprising 10 Southeast Asian nations,ASEAN has held the position of China’s largest trad...The evolution of China-ASEAN relations ranks among the most significant geopolitical and economic dynamics of the 21st Century.Comprising 10 Southeast Asian nations,ASEAN has held the position of China’s largest trading partner since 2020.This partnership is underpinned by sustained economic growth,political stability,security cooperation,and vibrant socio-cultural exchanges.Over the past two decades,the China-ASEAN relationship has emerged as a main axis in Asia’s geopolitical and economic landscape.By 2025,this partnership has entered a more intricate and strategic phase marked by deeper economic collaboration,expanded multilateral diplomacy,and mounting challenges stemming from global developments such as tari"wars and South China Sea tensions.展开更多
This study's primary purpose was to explore the role of tourism development in enhancing well-being in a highly populated developing economy by focusing on the case study of Pakistan Several econometric techniques...This study's primary purpose was to explore the role of tourism development in enhancing well-being in a highly populated developing economy by focusing on the case study of Pakistan Several econometric techniques and approaches were used on annual time series data covering the 1990-2016 period to investigate the causal relationship of well-being with tourism development,political stability,economics,and population growth.The findings suggested that tourism development enhances economic growth and well-being,hence providing support for the tourism-led growth hypothesis However,population growth and political instability exhibited a negative relationship with well-being;in addition,the level of political stability determined tourism activities.Hence,this study is unique due to its specific focus on the role of political stability and tourism development in the enhancement of wellbeing in a highly populated developing economy Moreover,the practical implications of the study have been provided in light of the main findings.展开更多
Iran launched an all-round Islamization movement after the Islamic Revolution,which,however,did not achieve real success.Since the 1990s,a noticeable shift has taken place in Iranian society,featuring a kind of“mass ...Iran launched an all-round Islamization movement after the Islamic Revolution,which,however,did not achieve real success.Since the 1990s,a noticeable shift has taken place in Iranian society,featuring a kind of“mass culture“different from the official ideology,which,in essence,represents a pursuit of diversified values and lifestyles.Due to the secularization in their day-to-day life,Iranians are becoming increasingly indifferent towards religious duties.In the field of culture and art,religious taboos have been gradually broken.With the rise of feminism and the development of female culture,the situation of women’s complete confinement to the family has gradually changed,and women’s awareness of defending their rights and interests has greatly enhanced.Due to the profound impact of the social diversification,the relationship between society and government is both tense and compromising.The social diversification in Iran may be a considerable challenge to the political stability.展开更多
Namibia’s democratic and peaceful transition of power since its independence in 1990 has positioned it as a model for political stability in Africa.This article explores the key factors that have contributed to Nami...Namibia’s democratic and peaceful transition of power since its independence in 1990 has positioned it as a model for political stability in Africa.This article explores the key factors that have contributed to Namibia’s transitions,focusing on the institutional,political,and cultural elements that have underpinned democratic processes.By examining historical milestones,such as the successful 1990 independence elections,the 2005,2015 and 2025 presidential transitions,and the country’s consistent adherence to constitutional principles,this research highlights the role of strong democratic institutions,political tolerance,and active participation of civil society.The article also addresses the significance of leadership and the political culture that foster trust in democratic institutions.Furthermore,it assesses the role of regional and international support in reinforcing Namibia’s democratic processes.By comparing Namibia’s experience with other African nations facing transitions of power,the article offers insights into broader implications for governance,democratic consolidation,and stability in the African context.The article analyses Namibia’s experience in light of similar transitions in Africa,identifying key factors that promote a peaceful transfer of power in the aftermath of an expected presidential demise.The findings aim to contribute to the understanding of successful democratic transitions and provide a blueprint for other nations striving for peaceful power of changes.Ultimately,this work offers valuable insights into the dynamics of democratic resilience in Namibia and highlights important lessons for other African nations confronting leadership transitions.展开更多
Today Africa produces about 7.0%of the world’s oil and a similar amount of the world’s gas from a range of basins that include intra-cratonic sags,epicratonic embayments and basins that form part of the rift-drift s...Today Africa produces about 7.0%of the world’s oil and a similar amount of the world’s gas from a range of basins that include intra-cratonic sags,epicratonic embayments and basins that form part of the rift-drift sequence caused by the post-Triassic break up of Pangaea.Petroleum occurs throughout the stratigraphic column from Late Archaean to Recent.There is no doubt that,given political stability,African petroleum production could be dramatically enhanced with little further exploration.There is still great potential for future oil and gas discoveries,especially offshore,as seismic.展开更多
Background:The Republic of Guinea-Bissau in West Africa has a high HIV/AIDS disease burden and has experienced political instability in the recent past.Our study used qualitative methods to better understand key stake...Background:The Republic of Guinea-Bissau in West Africa has a high HIV/AIDS disease burden and has experienced political instability in the recent past.Our study used qualitative methods to better understand key stakeholders*perceptions of the effects of chr onic political in stability on the HIV/AIDS response in Guinea-Bissau from 2000 to 2015 and lessons learned for overcoming them.展开更多
文摘Political instability has increased drastically in Pakistan during the last few decades.This may intensify the fear of investors and eventually affect investment decisions.Therefore,the stock market’s reaction to political stability must be explored and appropriate policy measures should be prescribed.This paper examines the effect of political stability on stock market returns and volatility using time series data from Pakistan for the period from January 02,2004,to May 31,2018.The study uses the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic(GARCH)and Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic(EGARCH)models to achieve the main objectives.The findings of the GARCH and EGARCH models confirm that political stability has a positive and significant influence on both stock market returns and volatility in Pakistan.In addition,the EGARCH findings indicate that negative shock(political instability)creates more volatility in the stock market than positive shock(political stability).The results of this study reveal that financial market investors are affected more by political instability.In conclusion,this study suggests that political stability is an essential factor affecting financial market volatility,and it leads to stable financial markets.It also emphasizes that political instability needs to be resolved to achieve stable financial markets.
文摘Judging from the current situation,political stability will persist in Russia af-ter Yeltsin’s reelection.The answer lies in the following factors:* * * The basic state system has been established without signs ofany change on the horizon.In the course of reforms over the past five years,con-stitutional system,presidency and the multi-party system have all been in place.During the presidential election campaign,not a single party opposed the currentpolitical system.Therefore,no matter which party comes to power,there
文摘The evolution of China-ASEAN relations ranks among the most significant geopolitical and economic dynamics of the 21st Century.Comprising 10 Southeast Asian nations,ASEAN has held the position of China’s largest trading partner since 2020.This partnership is underpinned by sustained economic growth,political stability,security cooperation,and vibrant socio-cultural exchanges.Over the past two decades,the China-ASEAN relationship has emerged as a main axis in Asia’s geopolitical and economic landscape.By 2025,this partnership has entered a more intricate and strategic phase marked by deeper economic collaboration,expanded multilateral diplomacy,and mounting challenges stemming from global developments such as tari"wars and South China Sea tensions.
文摘This study's primary purpose was to explore the role of tourism development in enhancing well-being in a highly populated developing economy by focusing on the case study of Pakistan Several econometric techniques and approaches were used on annual time series data covering the 1990-2016 period to investigate the causal relationship of well-being with tourism development,political stability,economics,and population growth.The findings suggested that tourism development enhances economic growth and well-being,hence providing support for the tourism-led growth hypothesis However,population growth and political instability exhibited a negative relationship with well-being;in addition,the level of political stability determined tourism activities.Hence,this study is unique due to its specific focus on the role of political stability and tourism development in the enhancement of wellbeing in a highly populated developing economy Moreover,the practical implications of the study have been provided in light of the main findings.
文摘Iran launched an all-round Islamization movement after the Islamic Revolution,which,however,did not achieve real success.Since the 1990s,a noticeable shift has taken place in Iranian society,featuring a kind of“mass culture“different from the official ideology,which,in essence,represents a pursuit of diversified values and lifestyles.Due to the secularization in their day-to-day life,Iranians are becoming increasingly indifferent towards religious duties.In the field of culture and art,religious taboos have been gradually broken.With the rise of feminism and the development of female culture,the situation of women’s complete confinement to the family has gradually changed,and women’s awareness of defending their rights and interests has greatly enhanced.Due to the profound impact of the social diversification,the relationship between society and government is both tense and compromising.The social diversification in Iran may be a considerable challenge to the political stability.
文摘Namibia’s democratic and peaceful transition of power since its independence in 1990 has positioned it as a model for political stability in Africa.This article explores the key factors that have contributed to Namibia’s transitions,focusing on the institutional,political,and cultural elements that have underpinned democratic processes.By examining historical milestones,such as the successful 1990 independence elections,the 2005,2015 and 2025 presidential transitions,and the country’s consistent adherence to constitutional principles,this research highlights the role of strong democratic institutions,political tolerance,and active participation of civil society.The article also addresses the significance of leadership and the political culture that foster trust in democratic institutions.Furthermore,it assesses the role of regional and international support in reinforcing Namibia’s democratic processes.By comparing Namibia’s experience with other African nations facing transitions of power,the article offers insights into broader implications for governance,democratic consolidation,and stability in the African context.The article analyses Namibia’s experience in light of similar transitions in Africa,identifying key factors that promote a peaceful transfer of power in the aftermath of an expected presidential demise.The findings aim to contribute to the understanding of successful democratic transitions and provide a blueprint for other nations striving for peaceful power of changes.Ultimately,this work offers valuable insights into the dynamics of democratic resilience in Namibia and highlights important lessons for other African nations confronting leadership transitions.
文摘Today Africa produces about 7.0%of the world’s oil and a similar amount of the world’s gas from a range of basins that include intra-cratonic sags,epicratonic embayments and basins that form part of the rift-drift sequence caused by the post-Triassic break up of Pangaea.Petroleum occurs throughout the stratigraphic column from Late Archaean to Recent.There is no doubt that,given political stability,African petroleum production could be dramatically enhanced with little further exploration.There is still great potential for future oil and gas discoveries,especially offshore,as seismic.
文摘Background:The Republic of Guinea-Bissau in West Africa has a high HIV/AIDS disease burden and has experienced political instability in the recent past.Our study used qualitative methods to better understand key stakeholders*perceptions of the effects of chr onic political in stability on the HIV/AIDS response in Guinea-Bissau from 2000 to 2015 and lessons learned for overcoming them.
