The poliomyelitis is an acute infection produced by the polio virus that affects the human central nervous system. It is transmitted by fecal-oral and respiratory contact.There are two types of vaccine, OPV （live att...The poliomyelitis is an acute infection produced by the polio virus that affects the human central nervous system. It is transmitted by fecal-oral and respiratory contact.There are two types of vaccine, OPV （live attenuated virus） and IPV （inactivated polio virus）. Currently, there is a plan of vaccination until the age of 5 with OPV. The children vaccinated expel a virus （derived from the vaccine） to the environment, and some of the people that have oral contact with them, get vaccinated by the herd behavior. Nevertheless, taking into account the lately observed facts about the reversion to virulence of the oral polio vaccine during its circulation in the environment, a change in the current vaccination schedule is being contemplated, where the oral polio vaccine can be replaced by the inactivated vaccine. Nowadays, In Colombia the inactivated oral polio vaccine is recommended for children presenting immune deficiency who are vaccinated with IPV. These children do not expel poliovirus to the environment. This work presents a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of the infection in a population where the two types of vaccination are carried out. The population is divided into two groups of age and Michaelis-Menten interactions. Different strategies of vaccination are simulated and analyzed.展开更多
We had treated 134 cases of sequelae of poliomyelitis with acupuncture and acu-point-injection from 1989 to 1991. The patients’ ages ranged from 3 months to 2 years, and thecourses of disease were 3 days to 2 years. ...We had treated 134 cases of sequelae of poliomyelitis with acupuncture and acu-point-injection from 1989 to 1991. The patients’ ages ranged from 3 months to 2 years, and thecourses of disease were 3 days to 2 years. For most of cases, we had got a satisfactory effect after 3curative courses. The total effective rate was 91%. It indicates that the acupuncture plus acupoint-in-jection is a good method for treating the sequela of poliomyelitis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Poliomyelitis is an acute infection caused by an enterovirus,which primarily infects the human gastrointestinal tract.In general,patients with polio have no association with the occurrence of cancer.The pre...BACKGROUND Poliomyelitis is an acute infection caused by an enterovirus,which primarily infects the human gastrointestinal tract.In general,patients with polio have no association with the occurrence of cancer.The present case study presents a rare case of poliomyelitis combined with primary breast cancer.CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old woman who was diagnosed with poliomyelitis at 5 years old and confirmed invasive breast cancer by core needle biopsy(CNB)after hospitalization.The patient received a modified radical mastectomy and four cycles of chemotherapy with the TC(docetaxel and cyclophosphamide)regimen.The patient was also prescribed endocrine therapy without radiotherapy after chemotherapy.The patient had no evidence of lymphedema in the right upper extremities and no evidence of either regression or distant metastasis at the 1-year follow-up.CONCLUSION The pectoral muscles of patients with polio are easily damaged in traumatic procedures,such as CNB,local anesthesia for tumor excision,and general anesthesia for surgery.A CNB,modified radical mastectomy,and four cycles of TC chemotherapy were successfully completed for the present case and the adverse reactions were found to be tolerable.This case may indicate the relationship between breast cancer and polio,and the examination and treatment methods used could be used as a guide for similar cases in the future.展开更多
The lack of treatment for poliomyelitis doing that only means of preventing is immunization with live oral polio vaccine (OPV) or/and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Poliomyelitis is a very contagious viral infection...The lack of treatment for poliomyelitis doing that only means of preventing is immunization with live oral polio vaccine (OPV) or/and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Poliomyelitis is a very contagious viral infection caused by poliovirus. Children are principally attacked. In this paper, we assess the impact of vaccination in the control of spread of poliomyelitis via a deterministic SVEIR (Susceptible-Vaccinated-Latent-Infectious-Removed) model of infectious disease transmission, where vaccinated individuals are also susceptible, although to a lesser degree. Using Lyapunov-Lasalle methods, we prove the global asymptotic stability of the unique endemic equilibrium whenever ?. Numerical simulations, using poliomyelitis data from Cameroon, are conducted to approve analytic results and to show the importance of vaccinate coverage in the control of disease spread.展开更多
About 2 million people are still suffering from sequelae of poliomyelitis in China,in which limb deformity,muscle paralysis,joint degeneration,pelvic tilt,scoliosis,fatigue,and severe pain influence their ability to w...About 2 million people are still suffering from sequelae of poliomyelitis in China,in which limb deformity,muscle paralysis,joint degeneration,pelvic tilt,scoliosis,fatigue,and severe pain influence their ability to work and their quality of life as they age.Therefore,as vulnerable people,poliomyelitis survivors should be paid more attention in the health care system.To build a guidance system and collaborative innovation in health-promoting,prevention,diagnosis,control,treatment,and rehabilitation of poliomyelitis survivors,a symposium on Population Medicine&Management of Poliomyelitis Survivors was held successfully by the School of Population Medicine and Public Health of Peking Union Medical College on November 20th,2021,in Beijing,China.展开更多
Objective To investigate the mechanisms underlying ozone-induced inactivation of poliovirus type 1(PV1). Methods We used cell culture, long‐overlapping RT‐PCR, and spot hybridization assays to verify and accurately ...Objective To investigate the mechanisms underlying ozone-induced inactivation of poliovirus type 1(PV1). Methods We used cell culture, long‐overlapping RT‐PCR, and spot hybridization assays to verify and accurately locate the sites of action of ozone that cause PV1 inactivation. We also employed recombinant viral genome RNA infection models to confirm our observations. Results Our results indicated that ozone inactivated PV1 primarily by disrupting the 5′-non‐coding region(5′‐NCR) of the PV1 genome. Further study revealed that ozone specifically damaged the 80‐124 nucleotide(nt) region in the 5′-NCR. Recombinant viral genome RNA infection models confirmed that PV1 lacking this region was non‐infectious. Conclusion In this study, we not only elucidated the mechanisms by which ozone induces PV1 inactivation but also determined that the 80‐124 nt region in the 5′‐NCR is targeted by ozone to achieve this inactivation.展开更多
Poliomyelitis is an acute paralytic disease caused by three poliovirus(PV)serotypes.Less than 1%of PV infections result in acute flaccid paralysis.The disease was controlled using the formalin-inactivated Salk polio v...Poliomyelitis is an acute paralytic disease caused by three poliovirus(PV)serotypes.Less than 1%of PV infections result in acute flaccid paralysis.The disease was controlled using the formalin-inactivated Salk polio vaccine(IPV)and the Sabin oral polio vaccine(OPV).Global poliomyelitis eradication was proposed in 1988by the World Health Organization to its member states.The strategic plan established the activities required for polio eradication,certification for regions,OPV cessation phase and post-OPV phase.OPV is the vaccine of choice for the poliomyelitis eradication program because it induces both a systemic and mucosal immune response.The major risks of OPV vaccination are the appearance of Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis cases(VAPP)and the emergence of Vaccine Derived Polioviruses strains.The supplementary immunization with monovalent strains of OPV type 1 or type 3 or with a new bivalent oral polio vaccine b OPV(containing type1 and type 3 PV)has been introduced in those regions where the virus has been difficult to control.Most countries have switched the schedule of vaccination by using IPV instead of OPV because it poses no risk of vaccine-related disease.Until 2008,poliomyelitis was controlled in Romania,an Eastern European country,predominantly using OPV.The alternative vaccinationschedule(IPV/OPV)was implemented starting in September 2008,while beginning in 2009,the vaccination was IPV only.The risk of VAPP will disappear worldwide with the cessation of use of OPV.The immunization for polio must be maintained for at least 5 to 10 years using IPV.展开更多
Three kinds of operations of quadriceps femoris plasty are disscussed in this article.29cases of operations of quadriceps femoris plasty were performed. 23 cases got excellent result andlimb condition of all cases was...Three kinds of operations of quadriceps femoris plasty are disscussed in this article.29cases of operations of quadriceps femoris plasty were performed. 23 cases got excellent result andlimb condition of all cases was improved after operation.We think that the best operation method toperform the quadriceps plasty is transplanting the muscular biceps femoris and semitendinous.Theproper age for the operated patient is over 10 years old.The operative indication and complicationare disscussed too.At last four kinds of methods to fix the transplanted muscles or tendor to thepatella are recomended.展开更多
BACKGROUND As long as oral poliovirus vaccine(OPV)is used,the potential risk for the emergence of vaccine-related polioviruses remains.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of Sabin-like type 1 poliovirus infection in an immu...BACKGROUND As long as oral poliovirus vaccine(OPV)is used,the potential risk for the emergence of vaccine-related polioviruses remains.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of Sabin-like type 1 poliovirus infection in an immunocompetent 17-mo-old child after receiving four scheduled doses of OPV.Somehow,the four doses did not confer full protection,possibly because of interference created by other enteroviruses.CONCLUSION The surveillance of vaccine-related polioviruses has important implications for improving health policies and vaccination strategies.Missed cases of vaccinerelated poliovirus infection might pose a potential risk to global poliovirus eradication.Therefore,the global withdrawal of OPV and a shift to the inclusion of only inactivated poliovirus vaccine in the vaccination schedule is the main objective of the polio eradication program.展开更多
Background Immunization is one of the most far-reaching and cost-effective strategies for promoting good health and saving lives.A complex immunization schedule,however,may be burdensome to parents and lead to reduced...Background Immunization is one of the most far-reaching and cost-effective strategies for promoting good health and saving lives.A complex immunization schedule,however,may be burdensome to parents and lead to reduced vaccine compliance and completion.Thus,it is critical to develop combination vaccines to reduce the number of injections and simplify the immunization schedule.This study aimed to investigate the current status of the pentavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis inactivated poliomyelitis andHaemophilus influenzae type B conjugate(DTaP-IPV/Hib)vaccination in Southern China as well as explore the factors in the general population associated with uptake and the differences between urban and rural populations.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with recently enrolled kindergarten students in Hainan Province between December 2022 and January 2023.The study employed a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method.Information regarding the demographic characteristics and factors that influence decisions were collected from the caregivers of children via an online questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the status of DTap-IPV/Hib vaccinations.Results Of the 4818 valid responses,95.3%of children were aged 3-4 years,and 2856(59.3%)held ruralhukou.Coverage rates of the DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine,from 1 to 4 doses,were 24.4%,20.7%,18.5%,and 16.0%,respectively.Caregivers who are concerned about vaccine efficacy[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.53,95%confidence interval(CI):1.30-1.79],the manufacturer(aOR=2.05,95%CI:1.69-2.49),and a simple immunization schedule(aOR=1.26,95%CI:1.04-1.54)are factors associated with a higher likelihood of vaccinating children against DTaP-IPV/Hib.In addition,caregivers in urban areas showed more concern about the vaccine price(P=0.010)and immunization schedule(P=0.022)in regard to vaccinating children.Conclusions The DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine coverage rate in Hainan Province remains low.Factors such as lower socioeconomic status,cultural beliefs,concerns about vaccine safety,and cost may hinder caregivers from vaccinating their children.Further measures,such as health education campaigns to raise knowledge and awareness,and encouragement of domestic vaccine innovation,which would reduce out-of-pocket costs,could be implemented to improve the coverage of DTap-IPV/Hib vaccination.展开更多
Isolated coronal fracture of medial femoral condyle with intact lateral femoral condyle is extremely rare. A high index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis especially in cases of undisplaced fractures. Here ...Isolated coronal fracture of medial femoral condyle with intact lateral femoral condyle is extremely rare. A high index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis especially in cases of undisplaced fractures. Here we report a case of medial Hoffa fracture in a post-polio limb presenting as chronic pain. Management of such fractures in limbs affected by late sequelae of poliomyelitis is particularly problematic in view of osteoporosis and osseous hypoplasia. The fracture was approached through medial parapatellar arthrotomy and fixation was done with cannulated cancellous screws in anteroposterior direction. Union was achieved at 16 weeks.展开更多
文摘The poliomyelitis is an acute infection produced by the polio virus that affects the human central nervous system. It is transmitted by fecal-oral and respiratory contact.There are two types of vaccine, OPV （live attenuated virus） and IPV （inactivated polio virus）. Currently, there is a plan of vaccination until the age of 5 with OPV. The children vaccinated expel a virus （derived from the vaccine） to the environment, and some of the people that have oral contact with them, get vaccinated by the herd behavior. Nevertheless, taking into account the lately observed facts about the reversion to virulence of the oral polio vaccine during its circulation in the environment, a change in the current vaccination schedule is being contemplated, where the oral polio vaccine can be replaced by the inactivated vaccine. Nowadays, In Colombia the inactivated oral polio vaccine is recommended for children presenting immune deficiency who are vaccinated with IPV. These children do not expel poliovirus to the environment. This work presents a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of the infection in a population where the two types of vaccination are carried out. The population is divided into two groups of age and Michaelis-Menten interactions. Different strategies of vaccination are simulated and analyzed.
文摘We had treated 134 cases of sequelae of poliomyelitis with acupuncture and acu-point-injection from 1989 to 1991. The patients’ ages ranged from 3 months to 2 years, and thecourses of disease were 3 days to 2 years. For most of cases, we had got a satisfactory effect after 3curative courses. The total effective rate was 91%. It indicates that the acupuncture plus acupoint-in-jection is a good method for treating the sequela of poliomyelitis.
文摘BACKGROUND Poliomyelitis is an acute infection caused by an enterovirus,which primarily infects the human gastrointestinal tract.In general,patients with polio have no association with the occurrence of cancer.The present case study presents a rare case of poliomyelitis combined with primary breast cancer.CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old woman who was diagnosed with poliomyelitis at 5 years old and confirmed invasive breast cancer by core needle biopsy(CNB)after hospitalization.The patient received a modified radical mastectomy and four cycles of chemotherapy with the TC(docetaxel and cyclophosphamide)regimen.The patient was also prescribed endocrine therapy without radiotherapy after chemotherapy.The patient had no evidence of lymphedema in the right upper extremities and no evidence of either regression or distant metastasis at the 1-year follow-up.CONCLUSION The pectoral muscles of patients with polio are easily damaged in traumatic procedures,such as CNB,local anesthesia for tumor excision,and general anesthesia for surgery.A CNB,modified radical mastectomy,and four cycles of TC chemotherapy were successfully completed for the present case and the adverse reactions were found to be tolerable.This case may indicate the relationship between breast cancer and polio,and the examination and treatment methods used could be used as a guide for similar cases in the future.
文摘The lack of treatment for poliomyelitis doing that only means of preventing is immunization with live oral polio vaccine (OPV) or/and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Poliomyelitis is a very contagious viral infection caused by poliovirus. Children are principally attacked. In this paper, we assess the impact of vaccination in the control of spread of poliomyelitis via a deterministic SVEIR (Susceptible-Vaccinated-Latent-Infectious-Removed) model of infectious disease transmission, where vaccinated individuals are also susceptible, although to a lesser degree. Using Lyapunov-Lasalle methods, we prove the global asymptotic stability of the unique endemic equilibrium whenever ?. Numerical simulations, using poliomyelitis data from Cameroon, are conducted to approve analytic results and to show the importance of vaccinate coverage in the control of disease spread.
基金Population Medicine Discipline Construction ProjectSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health of Peking Union Medical College/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciencessupported by Peking Union Medical College Education Foundation.
文摘About 2 million people are still suffering from sequelae of poliomyelitis in China,in which limb deformity,muscle paralysis,joint degeneration,pelvic tilt,scoliosis,fatigue,and severe pain influence their ability to work and their quality of life as they age.Therefore,as vulnerable people,poliomyelitis survivors should be paid more attention in the health care system.To build a guidance system and collaborative innovation in health-promoting,prevention,diagnosis,control,treatment,and rehabilitation of poliomyelitis survivors,a symposium on Population Medicine&Management of Poliomyelitis Survivors was held successfully by the School of Population Medicine and Public Health of Peking Union Medical College on November 20th,2021,in Beijing,China.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFC1601200,2018YFC1602500]Tianjin Science and Technology Support Program [16YFZCSF00340]
文摘Objective To investigate the mechanisms underlying ozone-induced inactivation of poliovirus type 1(PV1). Methods We used cell culture, long‐overlapping RT‐PCR, and spot hybridization assays to verify and accurately locate the sites of action of ozone that cause PV1 inactivation. We also employed recombinant viral genome RNA infection models to confirm our observations. Results Our results indicated that ozone inactivated PV1 primarily by disrupting the 5′-non‐coding region(5′‐NCR) of the PV1 genome. Further study revealed that ozone specifically damaged the 80‐124 nucleotide(nt) region in the 5′-NCR. Recombinant viral genome RNA infection models confirmed that PV1 lacking this region was non‐infectious. Conclusion In this study, we not only elucidated the mechanisms by which ozone induces PV1 inactivation but also determined that the 80‐124 nt region in the 5′‐NCR is targeted by ozone to achieve this inactivation.
文摘Poliomyelitis is an acute paralytic disease caused by three poliovirus(PV)serotypes.Less than 1%of PV infections result in acute flaccid paralysis.The disease was controlled using the formalin-inactivated Salk polio vaccine(IPV)and the Sabin oral polio vaccine(OPV).Global poliomyelitis eradication was proposed in 1988by the World Health Organization to its member states.The strategic plan established the activities required for polio eradication,certification for regions,OPV cessation phase and post-OPV phase.OPV is the vaccine of choice for the poliomyelitis eradication program because it induces both a systemic and mucosal immune response.The major risks of OPV vaccination are the appearance of Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis cases(VAPP)and the emergence of Vaccine Derived Polioviruses strains.The supplementary immunization with monovalent strains of OPV type 1 or type 3 or with a new bivalent oral polio vaccine b OPV(containing type1 and type 3 PV)has been introduced in those regions where the virus has been difficult to control.Most countries have switched the schedule of vaccination by using IPV instead of OPV because it poses no risk of vaccine-related disease.Until 2008,poliomyelitis was controlled in Romania,an Eastern European country,predominantly using OPV.The alternative vaccinationschedule(IPV/OPV)was implemented starting in September 2008,while beginning in 2009,the vaccination was IPV only.The risk of VAPP will disappear worldwide with the cessation of use of OPV.The immunization for polio must be maintained for at least 5 to 10 years using IPV.
文摘Three kinds of operations of quadriceps femoris plasty are disscussed in this article.29cases of operations of quadriceps femoris plasty were performed. 23 cases got excellent result andlimb condition of all cases was improved after operation.We think that the best operation method toperform the quadriceps plasty is transplanting the muscular biceps femoris and semitendinous.Theproper age for the operated patient is over 10 years old.The operative indication and complicationare disscussed too.At last four kinds of methods to fix the transplanted muscles or tendor to thepatella are recomended.
基金Supported by Deputy Research and Affairs of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences,Bushehr,Iran,No.4359.
文摘BACKGROUND As long as oral poliovirus vaccine(OPV)is used,the potential risk for the emergence of vaccine-related polioviruses remains.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of Sabin-like type 1 poliovirus infection in an immunocompetent 17-mo-old child after receiving four scheduled doses of OPV.Somehow,the four doses did not confer full protection,possibly because of interference created by other enteroviruses.CONCLUSION The surveillance of vaccine-related polioviruses has important implications for improving health policies and vaccination strategies.Missed cases of vaccinerelated poliovirus infection might pose a potential risk to global poliovirus eradication.Therefore,the global withdrawal of OPV and a shift to the inclusion of only inactivated poliovirus vaccine in the vaccination schedule is the main objective of the polio eradication program.
基金This work was supported by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(Grant No.INV-049539)the Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDYF2020210)+1 种基金the Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.20BGL264)the Shanghai Public Health System Construction Three-Year Action Plan(Grant No.GWVI-11.1-48)。
文摘Background Immunization is one of the most far-reaching and cost-effective strategies for promoting good health and saving lives.A complex immunization schedule,however,may be burdensome to parents and lead to reduced vaccine compliance and completion.Thus,it is critical to develop combination vaccines to reduce the number of injections and simplify the immunization schedule.This study aimed to investigate the current status of the pentavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis inactivated poliomyelitis andHaemophilus influenzae type B conjugate(DTaP-IPV/Hib)vaccination in Southern China as well as explore the factors in the general population associated with uptake and the differences between urban and rural populations.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with recently enrolled kindergarten students in Hainan Province between December 2022 and January 2023.The study employed a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method.Information regarding the demographic characteristics and factors that influence decisions were collected from the caregivers of children via an online questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the status of DTap-IPV/Hib vaccinations.Results Of the 4818 valid responses,95.3%of children were aged 3-4 years,and 2856(59.3%)held ruralhukou.Coverage rates of the DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine,from 1 to 4 doses,were 24.4%,20.7%,18.5%,and 16.0%,respectively.Caregivers who are concerned about vaccine efficacy[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.53,95%confidence interval(CI):1.30-1.79],the manufacturer(aOR=2.05,95%CI:1.69-2.49),and a simple immunization schedule(aOR=1.26,95%CI:1.04-1.54)are factors associated with a higher likelihood of vaccinating children against DTaP-IPV/Hib.In addition,caregivers in urban areas showed more concern about the vaccine price(P=0.010)and immunization schedule(P=0.022)in regard to vaccinating children.Conclusions The DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine coverage rate in Hainan Province remains low.Factors such as lower socioeconomic status,cultural beliefs,concerns about vaccine safety,and cost may hinder caregivers from vaccinating their children.Further measures,such as health education campaigns to raise knowledge and awareness,and encouragement of domestic vaccine innovation,which would reduce out-of-pocket costs,could be implemented to improve the coverage of DTap-IPV/Hib vaccination.
文摘Isolated coronal fracture of medial femoral condyle with intact lateral femoral condyle is extremely rare. A high index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis especially in cases of undisplaced fractures. Here we report a case of medial Hoffa fracture in a post-polio limb presenting as chronic pain. Management of such fractures in limbs affected by late sequelae of poliomyelitis is particularly problematic in view of osteoporosis and osseous hypoplasia. The fracture was approached through medial parapatellar arthrotomy and fixation was done with cannulated cancellous screws in anteroposterior direction. Union was achieved at 16 weeks.
