In this paper, we conduct research on the developmental trend of education economy and management major under theperspectives of policy reform and subject game. Education economics and management are two tied for the ...In this paper, we conduct research on the developmental trend of education economy and management major under theperspectives of policy reform and subject game. Education economics and management are two tied for the secondary education management andthe education economics discipline in 1997 to adjust the merger of a cross subject. The development of higher education is refers to the cause ofhigher education by man’s subjective activity to achieve the purpose of process as often characterized by the higher education gross enrollmentratio and the main working age population average received increasing the proportion of the higher education, it is a certain period of a countryof the higher education enterprise overall refl ection of the change process and results. This paper combines the state-of-the-art methodologies topropose the new perspective of the education economy and management subject development that will be meaningful.展开更多
In the rapid development of China＇s urbanization under the background of the implementation of the rural minimum living security system faces the problem of guaranteeing fund raising low object finds difficulties, la...In the rapid development of China＇s urbanization under the background of the implementation of the rural minimum living security system faces the problem of guaranteeing fund raising low object finds difficulties, lack of subsistence fund management and operation supervision, guaranteeing that the system failed to effectively implement the＂ Should ensure as far as possible to protect＂ problem. Increase the central budget for rural residents to fund investment, improve the rural minimum living security object discrimination and exit system, strengthen the system of subsistence allowances operation supervision, accelerate the pace of the construction of legal system of subsistence, countermeasures of rural reform policy.展开更多
Purpose:This study conducts a systematic review of policy reforms for the evaluation of scientific and technological research(E-STR)in China’s colleges.In doing so,it identifies changes to past policies,as well as th...Purpose:This study conducts a systematic review of policy reforms for the evaluation of scientific and technological research(E-STR)in China’s colleges.In doing so,it identifies changes to past policies,as well as the objectives and realizability of the most recent policy reform.Design/Approach/Methods:This study systematically reviews the contexts of E-STR policy reforms in China’s colleges post 2000 using three important related policy documents from 2003,2013,and 2020 as samples.Research findings were obtained via content analysis.Findings:Unlike previous attempts,the most recent policy reform has incorporated the lessons learned while introducing highly targeted measures and a monitoring mechanism.Such reform should accelerate the promotion of major original scientific research in China’s colleges,enhance the contribution of scientific research to socioeconomic development,and strengthen support for the cultivation of undergraduate talents.Originality/Value:Initiated in the early part of 2000,China’s latest E-STR policy reform constitutes an important turning point in the initiative to burst the research bubble and return to the essence of innovation.It will drive China’s colleges to embark on a research path that places value on original innovation and contribution to socioeconomic development.展开更多
China’s central bank has unveiled its market-oriented proposals on interest rate policies. The People’s Bank of China said that China’s interest rate market reform would give priority to foreign currencies, rather ...China’s central bank has unveiled its market-oriented proposals on interest rate policies. The People’s Bank of China said that China’s interest rate market reform would give priority to foreign currencies, rather than the Chinese currency. That means the day when the fluctuation of interest rates of foreign currencies will be liberalized would come before the floating of the Renmenbi rate.展开更多
Purpose:This study conducted a review of policy reforms of school–enterprise cooperation in China's vocational education and its characteristics at different stages.Design/Approach/Methods:This study systematical...Purpose:This study conducted a review of policy reforms of school–enterprise cooperation in China's vocational education and its characteristics at different stages.Design/Approach/Methods:This study systematically reviewed vocational educational policies on school–enterprise cooperation adopted by the Chinese government since 1978 using textual analysis.Findings:The development of school–enterprise cooperation in China's vocational education can be divided into four stages:spontaneous development(Stage 1),central position establishment(Stage 2),systematic design(Stage 3),and institutional construction(Stage 4).After years of practice and exploration,China's school–enterprise cooperation has made impressive achievements,but also has several problems that require further improvement.Originality/Value:This study examined over 40 years of history of the development of vocational school–enterprise cooperation in China,providing a useful reference for learning and understanding Chinese vocational education.展开更多
Over the past four decades,the Chinese people have always pursued development with an open door,and have accomplished a great transition from seclusion and semi-seclusion to all-round openness.China,s economic progres...Over the past four decades,the Chinese people have always pursued development with an open door,and have accomplished a great transition from seclusion and semi-seclusion to all-round openness.China,s economic progress,understood in a global historical context,is unique.Facing the rise of foreign companies in China,Beijing balances market competition due to the diversification of economic actors and local protection of SOEs and strategically important industries.The CPC has developed powerful,effective top-down mobilization capacities.The quality of the ruling party is also vital to developing countries,and most developing countries usually still lack well-developed governments,markets and civil societies.Reforms are necessary for growth and for the ruling party as well.While African developing countries face the challenge of finding a suitable development path,they could find the answer after getting a better understanding of Chinese reform and opening up.展开更多
In recent years, the new medical reform policy is implemented so that the situation to see a doctor in our country have been well improved, and effectively promote the health care system and the healthy development of...In recent years, the new medical reform policy is implemented so that the situation to see a doctor in our country have been well improved, and effectively promote the health care system and the healthy development of the medical industry. This is not only the Gospel of the people, but also the concentrated embodiment of the advanced nature of socialism. In view of this, this paper will focus on the impact of the new medical reform policy on the development of China's pharmaceutical industry, and put forward several strategies for scientific management of pharmaceutical industry, for the exchange and reference of relevant people.展开更多
Both the OECD and the WTO have accumulated systematic data on the magnitude of support going to farmers as a result of farm policies. The datasets are collected for different purposes, but both give a detailed picture...Both the OECD and the WTO have accumulated systematic data on the magnitude of support going to farmers as a result of farm policies. The datasets are collected for different purposes, but both give a detailed picture of the evolution of these policies. This paper extends recent work on the compatibility or otherwise of the two attempts at policy monitoring by considering the categorization of individual policy instruments in Norway, Switzerland, the US, and the EU. The results show how the OECD dataset, particularly with respect to the link between direct payments and production requirements, complements that of the WTO. Many payments classified in the WTO Green Box require production, raising the possibility that they may distort production and trade. Though the issue of correct notifications to the WTO is the province of lawyers, the implications for modeling and policy analysis are of interest to economists, and the broader question of improving the consistency of the two datasets is of importance in the quest for transparency in the interpretation of changes in farm policies.展开更多
This study explores the epistemic imperative to decolonize African education systems by centering indigenous philosophies such as Ubuntu and introducing the Ubuntu Pedagogy as a pedagogical model.Ubuntu pedagogy trans...This study explores the epistemic imperative to decolonize African education systems by centering indigenous philosophies such as Ubuntu and introducing the Ubuntu Pedagogy as a pedagogical model.Ubuntu pedagogy transforms teacher-learner relationships,it provides a replicable model for relational learning,community partnerships,and reassert the dignity of indigenous epistemologies.The paper examines how language,knowledge production,and pedagogy can be restructured to reflect African epistemologies and educational sovereignty.This research also explores the relationship between mother tongue instruction and cognitive access to learning.Through a qualitative literature analysis of case studies and African scholarly discourse,this paper highlights the continued marginalization of indigenous knowledge systems and the need to embed culturally relevant teaching methodologies.The findings support the broader question of whether there exists an epistemological base for knowledge independence or production within African and Afro-Diasporic contexts,revealing culturally coherent frameworks of learning that resist colonial dominance and an exploration of reclaiming African indigenous knowledge systems for educational and cultural sovereignty.展开更多
This paper modifies the historical assessment of the 1906 Qing Bankruptcy Code by proposing a new approach to the history of commercial dispute resolution. It argues that the Qing bankruptcy reform cannot be understoo...This paper modifies the historical assessment of the 1906 Qing Bankruptcy Code by proposing a new approach to the history of commercial dispute resolution. It argues that the Qing bankruptcy reform cannot be understood by evaluating only published sources, and that a thorough understanding of dispute mediation techniques must serve as a foundation for assessing the historical importance of the law. It offers a description of Qing insolvency dispute practices by providing an analysis of cases from the Ba county archives. The results of that analysis suggest that, although the Qing Bankruptcy Code was repealed soon after its introduction, the reform ambitions behind the new legislation were realized through the implementation of another New Policy reform, which allowed chambers of commerce to resolve bankruptcy disputes differently. This conclusion suggests that the basic vision of the Qing economic reforms of the New Policy movement had more of a lasting impact than has been assumed to date.展开更多
This study explores the effects of recent changes in China’s dance college admissions,which now equally weigh academic and professional performance.While the policy aims to create fairer admissions,it presents challe...This study explores the effects of recent changes in China’s dance college admissions,which now equally weigh academic and professional performance.While the policy aims to create fairer admissions,it presents challenges for students from specialized dance programs(keban),who may struggle with academic demands.In contrast,academically strong students with limited dance training may gain an advantage.The research highlights the policy’s mixed impact and proposes flexible admissions strategies,such as conditional offers and ongoing academic support,to better accommodate students with diverse abilities.The study underscores the importance of refining these policies to ensure greater equity and cultural diversity in dance education.展开更多
Ⅰ. IotroductionLike other related institutional arrangments in China,labor policy under the planned economic system re-sulted in two kinds of inefficiency. First, the inherentlack of labor supervision and lack of an ...Ⅰ. IotroductionLike other related institutional arrangments in China,labor policy under the planned economic system re-sulted in two kinds of inefficiency. First, the inherentlack of labor supervision and lack of an incentivemechanism in the micro-management system led to lowtechnical efficiency. Second, the distorted allocation of展开更多
China's private sector began to take off following the launch of its reform and opening-up policy in 1978.In the two decades before this pivotal policy was adopted,the private sector was almost non-existent due to...China's private sector began to take off following the launch of its reform and opening-up policy in 1978.In the two decades before this pivotal policy was adopted,the private sector was almost non-existent due to the government's emphasis on public ownership.Since 1978,the government has been committed to both consolidating and developing the public sector of the economy,and encouraging,supporting and guiding the development of the private sector.展开更多
This paper takes stock of the existing literature on taxation and presents a framework to evaluate the impacts of tax policy reforms from the perspectives of progressivity and social welfare.It applies this framework ...This paper takes stock of the existing literature on taxation and presents a framework to evaluate the impacts of tax policy reforms from the perspectives of progressivity and social welfare.It applies this framework to examine two tax reforms in China and finds that(i)the abolition of the regressive agricultural tax in 2005 has significantly improved the social welfare of rural residents;(ii)the increase in the income tax thresholds in 2011 increased progressivity but reduced the overall income tax share of total taxation.When the majority of the taxpayers are in the lower tax bracket,progressivity has little real impact in improving income distribution.展开更多
As China's cities shift from breakneck expansion to improving the layout and functions of existing urban spaces,the questions facing policymakers are no longer how to attract migrants,but how to integrate them;not...As China's cities shift from breakneck expansion to improving the layout and functions of existing urban spaces,the questions facing policymakers are no longer how to attract migrants,but how to integrate them;not how to build new megaprojects,but how to make cities more livable and inclusive.These themes were front and center at the China Sustainable Urbanization Forum:Theory,Policy and Practice2025,held at Tsinghua University on November 13,where officials,scholars and industry experts gathered to weigh the challenges facing the next planning cycle and the reforms needed to meet them.展开更多
External quality assessment(EQA)is a cornerstone of laboratory quality management,ensuring the accuracy,comparability,and reliability of test results across institutions.In the Republic of Korea,the Korean Association...External quality assessment(EQA)is a cornerstone of laboratory quality management,ensuring the accuracy,comparability,and reliability of test results across institutions.In the Republic of Korea,the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service(KAEQAS)has played a leading role since its inception in 1976,expanding from a small-scale clinical chemistry program to over 90 nationwide schemes across all disciplines.This article reviews the historical evolution,operational framework,and scope of KAEQAS,highlighting its contribution to standardization and accreditation.Current challenges include nonmandatory participation,persistent standardization gaps,the need for more category 1 accuracy-based programs,modernization of data analysis and reporting systems,and the establishment of a specimen bank.Future prospects emphasize policy reform,global harmonization,and technological innovation,positioning KAEQAS to further strengthen laboratory quality both nationally and internationally.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the developmental trend of education economy and management major under theperspectives of policy reform and subject game. Education economics and management are two tied for the secondary education management andthe education economics discipline in 1997 to adjust the merger of a cross subject. The development of higher education is refers to the cause ofhigher education by man’s subjective activity to achieve the purpose of process as often characterized by the higher education gross enrollmentratio and the main working age population average received increasing the proportion of the higher education, it is a certain period of a countryof the higher education enterprise overall refl ection of the change process and results. This paper combines the state-of-the-art methodologies topropose the new perspective of the education economy and management subject development that will be meaningful.
文摘In the rapid development of China＇s urbanization under the background of the implementation of the rural minimum living security system faces the problem of guaranteeing fund raising low object finds difficulties, lack of subsistence fund management and operation supervision, guaranteeing that the system failed to effectively implement the＂ Should ensure as far as possible to protect＂ problem. Increase the central budget for rural residents to fund investment, improve the rural minimum living security object discrimination and exit system, strengthen the system of subsistence allowances operation supervision, accelerate the pace of the construction of legal system of subsistence, countermeasures of rural reform policy.
文摘Purpose:This study conducts a systematic review of policy reforms for the evaluation of scientific and technological research(E-STR)in China’s colleges.In doing so,it identifies changes to past policies,as well as the objectives and realizability of the most recent policy reform.Design/Approach/Methods:This study systematically reviews the contexts of E-STR policy reforms in China’s colleges post 2000 using three important related policy documents from 2003,2013,and 2020 as samples.Research findings were obtained via content analysis.Findings:Unlike previous attempts,the most recent policy reform has incorporated the lessons learned while introducing highly targeted measures and a monitoring mechanism.Such reform should accelerate the promotion of major original scientific research in China’s colleges,enhance the contribution of scientific research to socioeconomic development,and strengthen support for the cultivation of undergraduate talents.Originality/Value:Initiated in the early part of 2000,China’s latest E-STR policy reform constitutes an important turning point in the initiative to burst the research bubble and return to the essence of innovation.It will drive China’s colleges to embark on a research path that places value on original innovation and contribution to socioeconomic development.
文摘China’s central bank has unveiled its market-oriented proposals on interest rate policies. The People’s Bank of China said that China’s interest rate market reform would give priority to foreign currencies, rather than the Chinese currency. That means the day when the fluctuation of interest rates of foreign currencies will be liberalized would come before the floating of the Renmenbi rate.
文摘Purpose:This study conducted a review of policy reforms of school–enterprise cooperation in China's vocational education and its characteristics at different stages.Design/Approach/Methods:This study systematically reviewed vocational educational policies on school–enterprise cooperation adopted by the Chinese government since 1978 using textual analysis.Findings:The development of school–enterprise cooperation in China's vocational education can be divided into four stages:spontaneous development(Stage 1),central position establishment(Stage 2),systematic design(Stage 3),and institutional construction(Stage 4).After years of practice and exploration,China's school–enterprise cooperation has made impressive achievements,but also has several problems that require further improvement.Originality/Value:This study examined over 40 years of history of the development of vocational school–enterprise cooperation in China,providing a useful reference for learning and understanding Chinese vocational education.
文摘Over the past four decades,the Chinese people have always pursued development with an open door,and have accomplished a great transition from seclusion and semi-seclusion to all-round openness.China,s economic progress,understood in a global historical context,is unique.Facing the rise of foreign companies in China,Beijing balances market competition due to the diversification of economic actors and local protection of SOEs and strategically important industries.The CPC has developed powerful,effective top-down mobilization capacities.The quality of the ruling party is also vital to developing countries,and most developing countries usually still lack well-developed governments,markets and civil societies.Reforms are necessary for growth and for the ruling party as well.While African developing countries face the challenge of finding a suitable development path,they could find the answer after getting a better understanding of Chinese reform and opening up.
文摘In recent years, the new medical reform policy is implemented so that the situation to see a doctor in our country have been well improved, and effectively promote the health care system and the healthy development of the medical industry. This is not only the Gospel of the people, but also the concentrated embodiment of the advanced nature of socialism. In view of this, this paper will focus on the impact of the new medical reform policy on the development of China's pharmaceutical industry, and put forward several strategies for scientific management of pharmaceutical industry, for the exchange and reference of relevant people.
文摘Both the OECD and the WTO have accumulated systematic data on the magnitude of support going to farmers as a result of farm policies. The datasets are collected for different purposes, but both give a detailed picture of the evolution of these policies. This paper extends recent work on the compatibility or otherwise of the two attempts at policy monitoring by considering the categorization of individual policy instruments in Norway, Switzerland, the US, and the EU. The results show how the OECD dataset, particularly with respect to the link between direct payments and production requirements, complements that of the WTO. Many payments classified in the WTO Green Box require production, raising the possibility that they may distort production and trade. Though the issue of correct notifications to the WTO is the province of lawyers, the implications for modeling and policy analysis are of interest to economists, and the broader question of improving the consistency of the two datasets is of importance in the quest for transparency in the interpretation of changes in farm policies.
文摘This study explores the epistemic imperative to decolonize African education systems by centering indigenous philosophies such as Ubuntu and introducing the Ubuntu Pedagogy as a pedagogical model.Ubuntu pedagogy transforms teacher-learner relationships,it provides a replicable model for relational learning,community partnerships,and reassert the dignity of indigenous epistemologies.The paper examines how language,knowledge production,and pedagogy can be restructured to reflect African epistemologies and educational sovereignty.This research also explores the relationship between mother tongue instruction and cognitive access to learning.Through a qualitative literature analysis of case studies and African scholarly discourse,this paper highlights the continued marginalization of indigenous knowledge systems and the need to embed culturally relevant teaching methodologies.The findings support the broader question of whether there exists an epistemological base for knowledge independence or production within African and Afro-Diasporic contexts,revealing culturally coherent frameworks of learning that resist colonial dominance and an exploration of reclaiming African indigenous knowledge systems for educational and cultural sovereignty.
文摘This paper modifies the historical assessment of the 1906 Qing Bankruptcy Code by proposing a new approach to the history of commercial dispute resolution. It argues that the Qing bankruptcy reform cannot be understood by evaluating only published sources, and that a thorough understanding of dispute mediation techniques must serve as a foundation for assessing the historical importance of the law. It offers a description of Qing insolvency dispute practices by providing an analysis of cases from the Ba county archives. The results of that analysis suggest that, although the Qing Bankruptcy Code was repealed soon after its introduction, the reform ambitions behind the new legislation were realized through the implementation of another New Policy reform, which allowed chambers of commerce to resolve bankruptcy disputes differently. This conclusion suggests that the basic vision of the Qing economic reforms of the New Policy movement had more of a lasting impact than has been assumed to date.
文摘This study explores the effects of recent changes in China’s dance college admissions,which now equally weigh academic and professional performance.While the policy aims to create fairer admissions,it presents challenges for students from specialized dance programs(keban),who may struggle with academic demands.In contrast,academically strong students with limited dance training may gain an advantage.The research highlights the policy’s mixed impact and proposes flexible admissions strategies,such as conditional offers and ongoing academic support,to better accommodate students with diverse abilities.The study underscores the importance of refining these policies to ensure greater equity and cultural diversity in dance education.
文摘Ⅰ. IotroductionLike other related institutional arrangments in China,labor policy under the planned economic system re-sulted in two kinds of inefficiency. First, the inherentlack of labor supervision and lack of an incentivemechanism in the micro-management system led to lowtechnical efficiency. Second, the distorted allocation of
文摘China's private sector began to take off following the launch of its reform and opening-up policy in 1978.In the two decades before this pivotal policy was adopted,the private sector was almost non-existent due to the government's emphasis on public ownership.Since 1978,the government has been committed to both consolidating and developing the public sector of the economy,and encouraging,supporting and guiding the development of the private sector.
基金the support from "Research on establishment of relative poverty standards in rural and urban China"flinded by the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.20CSH062).
文摘This paper takes stock of the existing literature on taxation and presents a framework to evaluate the impacts of tax policy reforms from the perspectives of progressivity and social welfare.It applies this framework to examine two tax reforms in China and finds that(i)the abolition of the regressive agricultural tax in 2005 has significantly improved the social welfare of rural residents;(ii)the increase in the income tax thresholds in 2011 increased progressivity but reduced the overall income tax share of total taxation.When the majority of the taxpayers are in the lower tax bracket,progressivity has little real impact in improving income distribution.
文摘As China's cities shift from breakneck expansion to improving the layout and functions of existing urban spaces,the questions facing policymakers are no longer how to attract migrants,but how to integrate them;not how to build new megaprojects,but how to make cities more livable and inclusive.These themes were front and center at the China Sustainable Urbanization Forum:Theory,Policy and Practice2025,held at Tsinghua University on November 13,where officials,scholars and industry experts gathered to weigh the challenges facing the next planning cycle and the reforms needed to meet them.
文摘External quality assessment(EQA)is a cornerstone of laboratory quality management,ensuring the accuracy,comparability,and reliability of test results across institutions.In the Republic of Korea,the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service(KAEQAS)has played a leading role since its inception in 1976,expanding from a small-scale clinical chemistry program to over 90 nationwide schemes across all disciplines.This article reviews the historical evolution,operational framework,and scope of KAEQAS,highlighting its contribution to standardization and accreditation.Current challenges include nonmandatory participation,persistent standardization gaps,the need for more category 1 accuracy-based programs,modernization of data analysis and reporting systems,and the establishment of a specimen bank.Future prospects emphasize policy reform,global harmonization,and technological innovation,positioning KAEQAS to further strengthen laboratory quality both nationally and internationally.
