China should pilot renewable energy integration policies similar to those adopted in Germany and Texas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to transmit excess energy and reduce wasted wind power.Renewable energy integr...China should pilot renewable energy integration policies similar to those adopted in Germany and Texas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to transmit excess energy and reduce wasted wind power.Renewable energy integration will be fundamental to China?s transition to a low-carbon economy.Although China now leads the world in terms展开更多
The Comprehensive Assessment of Systems for Built Environment Efficiency(CASBEE)for Home is the first national voluntary Green Building Program for residential structures in Japan.The effect of builder demographic fac...The Comprehensive Assessment of Systems for Built Environment Efficiency(CASBEE)for Home is the first national voluntary Green Building Program for residential structures in Japan.The effect of builder demographic factors on the adoption of the CASBEE for Home program were investigated since the success of CASBEE for Home will be heavily reliant on the usage of the program.In this study,the adoption of the CASBEE for Home program by home builders is modeled as a two-stage process with builder awareness preceding the actual use of CASBEE for Home.The results show that both firm size and the type of homes built influence Japanese builder’s awareness of the CASBEE for Home program.In addition,respondents who had participated in the 200-Year House Program,another voluntary program,were significantly more likely to use CASBEE for Home.Finally,the number of years a builder has been in business both increased their awareness and usage of the CASBEE for Home program.Our results suggest that the likelihood of adopting the CASBEE for Home program was influenced by the internal resources available,the type of customers being served,and the business experience of the firm.展开更多
Conservation agriculture(CA)technologies involve minimum soil disturbance,permanent soil cover through crop residues or cover crops,and crop rotations for achieving higher productivity.In India,efforts to develop,refi...Conservation agriculture(CA)technologies involve minimum soil disturbance,permanent soil cover through crop residues or cover crops,and crop rotations for achieving higher productivity.In India,efforts to develop,refine and disseminate conservation-based agricultural technologies have been underway for nearly two decades and made significant progress since then even though there are several constraints that affect adoption of CA.Particularly,tremendous efforts have been made on no-till in wheat under a rice-wheat rotation in the Indo-Gangetic plains.There are more payoffs than tradeoffs for adoption of CA but the equilibrium among the two was understood by both adopters and promoters.The technologies of CA provide opportunities to reduce the cost of production,save water and nutrients,increase yields,increase crop diversification,improve efficient use of resources,and benefit the environment.However,there are still constraints for promotion of CA technologies,such as lack of appropriate seeders especially for small and medium scale farmers,competition of crop residues between CA use and livestock feeding,burning of crop residues,availability of skilled and scientific manpower and overcoming the bias or mindset about tillage.The need to develop the policy frame and strategies is urgent to promote CA in the region.This article reviews the emerging concerns due to continuous adoption of conventional agriculture systems,and analyses the constraints,prospects,policy issues and research needs for conservation agriculture in India.展开更多
Vaccination has become an integral part of public health,since an increase in overall vaccination in a given population contributes to a decline in infectious diseases and mortality.Vaccination also contributes to a l...Vaccination has become an integral part of public health,since an increase in overall vaccination in a given population contributes to a decline in infectious diseases and mortality.Vaccination also contributes to a lower rate of infection even for nonvaccinators due to herd immunity((Brisson and Edmunds,2002)).In this work we model human decision-making(with respect to a vaccination program in a single-payer health care provider country)using a leader-follower game framework.We then extend our model to a discrete dynamic game,where time passing is modelled by risk perception changes among population groups considering whether or not to vaccinate.The risk perception changes are encapsulated by probability transition matrices.We assume that the singlepayer provider has a given fixed budget which would not be sufficient to cover 100%of a new vaccine for the entire population.To increase the potential coverage,we propose the introduction of a partial vaccine adoption policy,whereby an individual would pay a portion of the vaccine price and the single payer would support the rest for the entire population.We show how this policy,together with changes in risk perceptions regarding vaccination,impact the strategic decisions of individuals in each group,the policy cost under budgetary constraints and,ultimately,how it impacts the overall uptake of the vaccine in the entire population.展开更多
文摘China should pilot renewable energy integration policies similar to those adopted in Germany and Texas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to transmit excess energy and reduce wasted wind power.Renewable energy integration will be fundamental to China?s transition to a low-carbon economy.Although China now leads the world in terms
基金supported by the USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service,the Evergreen Building Products Association,the Foreign Agricultural Service,the Softwood Export Council and the State of Washington Department of Commerce.
文摘The Comprehensive Assessment of Systems for Built Environment Efficiency(CASBEE)for Home is the first national voluntary Green Building Program for residential structures in Japan.The effect of builder demographic factors on the adoption of the CASBEE for Home program were investigated since the success of CASBEE for Home will be heavily reliant on the usage of the program.In this study,the adoption of the CASBEE for Home program by home builders is modeled as a two-stage process with builder awareness preceding the actual use of CASBEE for Home.The results show that both firm size and the type of homes built influence Japanese builder’s awareness of the CASBEE for Home program.In addition,respondents who had participated in the 200-Year House Program,another voluntary program,were significantly more likely to use CASBEE for Home.Finally,the number of years a builder has been in business both increased their awareness and usage of the CASBEE for Home program.Our results suggest that the likelihood of adopting the CASBEE for Home program was influenced by the internal resources available,the type of customers being served,and the business experience of the firm.
文摘Conservation agriculture(CA)technologies involve minimum soil disturbance,permanent soil cover through crop residues or cover crops,and crop rotations for achieving higher productivity.In India,efforts to develop,refine and disseminate conservation-based agricultural technologies have been underway for nearly two decades and made significant progress since then even though there are several constraints that affect adoption of CA.Particularly,tremendous efforts have been made on no-till in wheat under a rice-wheat rotation in the Indo-Gangetic plains.There are more payoffs than tradeoffs for adoption of CA but the equilibrium among the two was understood by both adopters and promoters.The technologies of CA provide opportunities to reduce the cost of production,save water and nutrients,increase yields,increase crop diversification,improve efficient use of resources,and benefit the environment.However,there are still constraints for promotion of CA technologies,such as lack of appropriate seeders especially for small and medium scale farmers,competition of crop residues between CA use and livestock feeding,burning of crop residues,availability of skilled and scientific manpower and overcoming the bias or mindset about tillage.The need to develop the policy frame and strategies is urgent to promote CA in the region.This article reviews the emerging concerns due to continuous adoption of conventional agriculture systems,and analyses the constraints,prospects,policy issues and research needs for conservation agriculture in India.
基金I would like to acknowledge the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant program,with grant number 400684This grant supported the work of the first and second authors.
文摘Vaccination has become an integral part of public health,since an increase in overall vaccination in a given population contributes to a decline in infectious diseases and mortality.Vaccination also contributes to a lower rate of infection even for nonvaccinators due to herd immunity((Brisson and Edmunds,2002)).In this work we model human decision-making(with respect to a vaccination program in a single-payer health care provider country)using a leader-follower game framework.We then extend our model to a discrete dynamic game,where time passing is modelled by risk perception changes among population groups considering whether or not to vaccinate.The risk perception changes are encapsulated by probability transition matrices.We assume that the singlepayer provider has a given fixed budget which would not be sufficient to cover 100%of a new vaccine for the entire population.To increase the potential coverage,we propose the introduction of a partial vaccine adoption policy,whereby an individual would pay a portion of the vaccine price and the single payer would support the rest for the entire population.We show how this policy,together with changes in risk perceptions regarding vaccination,impact the strategic decisions of individuals in each group,the policy cost under budgetary constraints and,ultimately,how it impacts the overall uptake of the vaccine in the entire population.
