The State of O.atar started to use red-light cameras in 2007 at key signalized intersections and the rate of installation has subsequently increased. In 2017, 19.2% of signalized intersections are equipped with red-li...The State of O.atar started to use red-light cameras in 2007 at key signalized intersections and the rate of installation has subsequently increased. In 2017, 19.2% of signalized intersections are equipped with red-light cameras. In many cases, the cameras are not installed on all approaches to the intersections. The purpose of this study is to compare the red-light running violations on approaches with and without red-light running enforcement cameras at the same intersections. Actual field observations were used in this study. Different vari- ables were investigated, including the day of the week, time of day, traffic volume, the possibility of glare on an approach, and the lengths of the yellow and all-red times. A regression tree model was used to explain the characteristics associated with the violations. The results showed that the number of violations on low-volume approaches was five times higher than on high-volume approaches. The results also showed that the presence of the cameras significantly lowered red-light running violations. High-volume approaches without cameras had an approximately eight times higher rate of violations than high-vol- ume approaches with cameras. The analysis also showed that bringing the all-red interval closer to the values recommended by the Institute of Transportation Engineers formula may bring down the rates of violations for low-volume approaches. As with any observational data mining method, the study could benefit from a larger sample size. The method used in the study was effective and is easily transferable to other locations. The results of this study can be used in developing new strategies to improve safety at signalized intersections.展开更多
This themed issue of‘Episodes’is dedicated entirely to forensic geology.This provides an overview of how geologists assist the police and law enforcement to help investigate crimes.The documented application of geol...This themed issue of‘Episodes’is dedicated entirely to forensic geology.This provides an overview of how geologists assist the police and law enforcement to help investigate crimes.The documented application of geology to police and law enforcement dates back to the middle part of the 19th Century,and possibly to Roman times.Until the establishment of the International Union of Geological Sciences(IUGS),Initiative on Forensic Geology(IFG),in 2011,there was no international organization aimed at developing forensic geology on a global scale.Previously,forensic geologists worked in relative isolation from other fellow geologists.There were few incentives or opportunities for the advancement of forensic geology.IUGS-IFG has provided opportunities,incentives and the drive for the global development of forensic geology,as exemplified in this issue of Episodes.展开更多
文摘The State of O.atar started to use red-light cameras in 2007 at key signalized intersections and the rate of installation has subsequently increased. In 2017, 19.2% of signalized intersections are equipped with red-light cameras. In many cases, the cameras are not installed on all approaches to the intersections. The purpose of this study is to compare the red-light running violations on approaches with and without red-light running enforcement cameras at the same intersections. Actual field observations were used in this study. Different vari- ables were investigated, including the day of the week, time of day, traffic volume, the possibility of glare on an approach, and the lengths of the yellow and all-red times. A regression tree model was used to explain the characteristics associated with the violations. The results showed that the number of violations on low-volume approaches was five times higher than on high-volume approaches. The results also showed that the presence of the cameras significantly lowered red-light running violations. High-volume approaches without cameras had an approximately eight times higher rate of violations than high-vol- ume approaches with cameras. The analysis also showed that bringing the all-red interval closer to the values recommended by the Institute of Transportation Engineers formula may bring down the rates of violations for low-volume approaches. As with any observational data mining method, the study could benefit from a larger sample size. The method used in the study was effective and is easily transferable to other locations. The results of this study can be used in developing new strategies to improve safety at signalized intersections.
文摘This themed issue of‘Episodes’is dedicated entirely to forensic geology.This provides an overview of how geologists assist the police and law enforcement to help investigate crimes.The documented application of geology to police and law enforcement dates back to the middle part of the 19th Century,and possibly to Roman times.Until the establishment of the International Union of Geological Sciences(IUGS),Initiative on Forensic Geology(IFG),in 2011,there was no international organization aimed at developing forensic geology on a global scale.Previously,forensic geologists worked in relative isolation from other fellow geologists.There were few incentives or opportunities for the advancement of forensic geology.IUGS-IFG has provided opportunities,incentives and the drive for the global development of forensic geology,as exemplified in this issue of Episodes.
