该文提出一种机载双极化气象雷达多种降水粒子回波仿真方法。该方法基于T-Matrix方法以及天气预报模式(Weather Research and Forecasting,WRF),首先利用WRF建模仿真气象场景;其次考虑降水粒子为球形条件下,结合T-Matrix方法和微物理特...该文提出一种机载双极化气象雷达多种降水粒子回波仿真方法。该方法基于T-Matrix方法以及天气预报模式(Weather Research and Forecasting,WRF),首先利用WRF建模仿真气象场景;其次考虑降水粒子为球形条件下,结合T-Matrix方法和微物理特性计算6种降水粒子反射率因子;最后应用雷达气象方程获得6种类型降水粒子回波信号,实现机载极化气象雷达降水粒子回波信号仿真。仿真结果表明,该方法的仿真结果可准确反映气象特征,与实测数据的对比分析进一步证实了所提方法的有效性、可靠性。展开更多
全球变暖的背景下,北极航线的常规通航甚至商业运营有望实现,而海雾会严重影响航道上船只的航行安全。海冰的存在使海气之间相互作用变得更为复杂,是研究北极海雾不可忽略的因素。船载观测发现,与中纬度常见平流冷却雾形成时气温下降速...全球变暖的背景下,北极航线的常规通航甚至商业运营有望实现,而海雾会严重影响航道上船只的航行安全。海冰的存在使海气之间相互作用变得更为复杂,是研究北极海雾不可忽略的因素。船载观测发现,与中纬度常见平流冷却雾形成时气温下降速度往往超过海水降温速度不同,北极海雾发生时海冰的存在还会使海水降温速度超过空气降温速度。然而目前海冰分布是否会影响模式模拟海雾的准确性还不得而知,因此本文利用Polar WRF(Polar Weather Research and Forecasting)模式模拟了中国第七次北极考察中观测到的一次海雾过程,并进行海冰密集度敏感性试验。通过与船载观测和欧洲中期天气预报中心再分析数据比对发现,在低浮冰区内(海冰密集度小于50%)考虑海冰分布时可以更加准确地刻画潜热通量与水汽通量,模拟出与观测事实相符的表层空气降温与增湿过程以及相对湿度的变化,因此能够更好地刻画海雾的三维结构及其生消演变。展开更多
An annual cycle of atmospheric variations for 1989 in the Arctic has been simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model. A severe cold bias was found around a cold center in surface air temperature...An annual cycle of atmospheric variations for 1989 in the Arctic has been simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model. A severe cold bias was found around a cold center in surface air temperature over the Arctic Ocean, compared with results from ERA-Interim reanalysis. Four successive numerical experiments have been carried out to find out the reasons for this. The results show that the sea ice albedo scheme has the biggest influence in summer, and the effect of the cloud microphysics scheme is significant in both summer and winter. The effect of phase transition between ice and water has the biggest influence over the region near the sea ice edge in summer, and contributes little to improvement of the severe cold bias. The origi- nal crude albedo parameterization in the surface process scheme is the main reason for the large simulated cold bias of the cold center in summer. With a different land surface scheme than in the control run, cold biases of simulated surface air temperature over the Arctic Ocean are greatly reduced, by as much as 10 K, implying that the land surface scheme is critical for polar climate simulation.展开更多
文摘该文提出一种机载双极化气象雷达多种降水粒子回波仿真方法。该方法基于T-Matrix方法以及天气预报模式(Weather Research and Forecasting,WRF),首先利用WRF建模仿真气象场景;其次考虑降水粒子为球形条件下,结合T-Matrix方法和微物理特性计算6种降水粒子反射率因子;最后应用雷达气象方程获得6种类型降水粒子回波信号,实现机载极化气象雷达降水粒子回波信号仿真。仿真结果表明,该方法的仿真结果可准确反映气象特征,与实测数据的对比分析进一步证实了所提方法的有效性、可靠性。
文摘全球变暖的背景下,北极航线的常规通航甚至商业运营有望实现,而海雾会严重影响航道上船只的航行安全。海冰的存在使海气之间相互作用变得更为复杂,是研究北极海雾不可忽略的因素。船载观测发现,与中纬度常见平流冷却雾形成时气温下降速度往往超过海水降温速度不同,北极海雾发生时海冰的存在还会使海水降温速度超过空气降温速度。然而目前海冰分布是否会影响模式模拟海雾的准确性还不得而知,因此本文利用Polar WRF(Polar Weather Research and Forecasting)模式模拟了中国第七次北极考察中观测到的一次海雾过程,并进行海冰密集度敏感性试验。通过与船载观测和欧洲中期天气预报中心再分析数据比对发现,在低浮冰区内(海冰密集度小于50%)考虑海冰分布时可以更加准确地刻画潜热通量与水汽通量,模拟出与观测事实相符的表层空气降温与增湿过程以及相对湿度的变化,因此能够更好地刻画海雾的三维结构及其生消演变。
基金cosponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 40876101)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (Grant no.2010AA012304)
文摘An annual cycle of atmospheric variations for 1989 in the Arctic has been simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model. A severe cold bias was found around a cold center in surface air temperature over the Arctic Ocean, compared with results from ERA-Interim reanalysis. Four successive numerical experiments have been carried out to find out the reasons for this. The results show that the sea ice albedo scheme has the biggest influence in summer, and the effect of the cloud microphysics scheme is significant in both summer and winter. The effect of phase transition between ice and water has the biggest influence over the region near the sea ice edge in summer, and contributes little to improvement of the severe cold bias. The origi- nal crude albedo parameterization in the surface process scheme is the main reason for the large simulated cold bias of the cold center in summer. With a different land surface scheme than in the control run, cold biases of simulated surface air temperature over the Arctic Ocean are greatly reduced, by as much as 10 K, implying that the land surface scheme is critical for polar climate simulation.
