The increase in user mobility and density in modern cellular networks increases the risk of overloading certain base stations in popular locations such as shopping malls or stadiums,which can result in connection loss...The increase in user mobility and density in modern cellular networks increases the risk of overloading certain base stations in popular locations such as shopping malls or stadiums,which can result in connection loss for some users.To combat this,the traffic load of base stations should be kept as balanced as possible.In this paper,we propose an efficient load balancing-aware handover algorithm for highly dynamic beyond 5G heterogeneous networks by assigning mobile users to base stations with lighter loads when a handover is performed.The proposed algorithm is evaluated in a scenario with users having different levels of mobility,such as pedestrians and vehicles,and is shown to outperform the conventional handover mechanism,as well as another algorithm from the literature.As a secondary benefit,the overall energy consumption in the network is shown to be reduced with the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Stochastic geometry is widely employed to model cellular network. But in most existing works, base stations(BSs) are modelled following a homogeneous Poisson point process(PPP) for one-tier network, or several indepen...Stochastic geometry is widely employed to model cellular network. But in most existing works, base stations(BSs) are modelled following a homogeneous Poisson point process(PPP) for one-tier network, or several independent homogeneous PPP for multi-tier network, which ignore the dependence among BSs. In this paper, a three-tier UDN(Ultra dense network) with Macrocell BSs(MBS) for basic coverage, Picocell BSs(PBSs) deployed outside the coverage area of MBSs for compensating coverage holes, and Femtocell BSs(FBSs) surrounding MBSs for capacity improvement modelled by point process with inter-tier dependence is proposed. The tier association probability, the coverage probability and area spectrum efficiency(ASE) are derived. Simulation results validate our derivation, and results show that the proposed network model has 25%-45% performance gain in ASE.展开更多
对基于泊松洞过程(Poisson Hole Process,简称PHP)的两层异构蜂窝网络的覆盖概率进行研究。首先利用泊松点过程(Poisson Point Process,简称PPP)和PHP对两层异构蜂窝网络进行建模,然后给出典型用户从宏蜂窝基站(Macro Base Station,简称...对基于泊松洞过程(Poisson Hole Process,简称PHP)的两层异构蜂窝网络的覆盖概率进行研究。首先利用泊松点过程(Poisson Point Process,简称PPP)和PHP对两层异构蜂窝网络进行建模,然后给出典型用户从宏蜂窝基站(Macro Base Station,简称MBS)和微蜂窝基站(Pico Base Station,简称PBS)接收信号的信干比的表达式,再根据基于平均干扰信号比增益的方法推导两层异构蜂窝网中MBS和PBS的覆盖概率,最后根据用户接入概率,得到两层PPP-PHP异构蜂窝网络的覆盖概率表达式。利用MATLAB 2017软件进行仿真研究,验证了分析方法的正确性。展开更多
The joint adoption of sub-6GHz and millimeter wave(mmWave)technology can prevent the blind spots of coverage,enabling comprehensive coverage while realizing high-speed communication rate.According to the sensitivity o...The joint adoption of sub-6GHz and millimeter wave(mmWave)technology can prevent the blind spots of coverage,enabling comprehensive coverage while realizing high-speed communication rate.According to the sensitivity of mmWave,base stations should be more densely deployed,which is not well described by existing Poisson hole process(PHP)and the Poisson point process(PPP)models.This paper establishes a sub-6GHz and mmWave hybrid heterogeneous cellular network based on the modified Poisson hole process(MPHP).In our proposed model,the sub-6GHz base stations follow the PPP,and the mmWave base stations(MBSs)follow MPHP distribution.The expressions of the coverage probability are derived by using the interference calculation method of integrating the nearest sector exclusion area.Our theoretical analysis has been verified through simulation results,suggesting that the increase in the cell radius decreases the coverage probability of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR),whereas the increase in the sector parameter has the opposite effect.The variation of sub-6GHz base stations(SBSs)density imposes more significant impact than the MBSs on the SINR coverage probability.In addition,the decrease in MBSs density will reduce the average bandwidth allocated to the user equipment(UE),thus reducing the rate coverage probability.展开更多
基金supported in part by the Istanbul Technical University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under Grant FHD-2024-45764in part by TUBITAK 1515 Frontier R&D Laboratories Support Program for Turkcell 6GEN LAB under Grant 5229902Turkcell Technology R&D Center(Law no.5746)has partially supported this study。
文摘The increase in user mobility and density in modern cellular networks increases the risk of overloading certain base stations in popular locations such as shopping malls or stadiums,which can result in connection loss for some users.To combat this,the traffic load of base stations should be kept as balanced as possible.In this paper,we propose an efficient load balancing-aware handover algorithm for highly dynamic beyond 5G heterogeneous networks by assigning mobile users to base stations with lighter loads when a handover is performed.The proposed algorithm is evaluated in a scenario with users having different levels of mobility,such as pedestrians and vehicles,and is shown to outperform the conventional handover mechanism,as well as another algorithm from the literature.As a secondary benefit,the overall energy consumption in the network is shown to be reduced with the proposed algorithm.
基金partially supported by National 863 Program (2014AA01A702)national major project (2016ZX03001011-005)national natural science foundation project (61521061)
文摘Stochastic geometry is widely employed to model cellular network. But in most existing works, base stations(BSs) are modelled following a homogeneous Poisson point process(PPP) for one-tier network, or several independent homogeneous PPP for multi-tier network, which ignore the dependence among BSs. In this paper, a three-tier UDN(Ultra dense network) with Macrocell BSs(MBS) for basic coverage, Picocell BSs(PBSs) deployed outside the coverage area of MBSs for compensating coverage holes, and Femtocell BSs(FBSs) surrounding MBSs for capacity improvement modelled by point process with inter-tier dependence is proposed. The tier association probability, the coverage probability and area spectrum efficiency(ASE) are derived. Simulation results validate our derivation, and results show that the proposed network model has 25%-45% performance gain in ASE.
文摘对基于泊松洞过程(Poisson Hole Process,简称PHP)的两层异构蜂窝网络的覆盖概率进行研究。首先利用泊松点过程(Poisson Point Process,简称PPP)和PHP对两层异构蜂窝网络进行建模,然后给出典型用户从宏蜂窝基站(Macro Base Station,简称MBS)和微蜂窝基站(Pico Base Station,简称PBS)接收信号的信干比的表达式,再根据基于平均干扰信号比增益的方法推导两层异构蜂窝网中MBS和PBS的覆盖概率,最后根据用户接入概率,得到两层PPP-PHP异构蜂窝网络的覆盖概率表达式。利用MATLAB 2017软件进行仿真研究,验证了分析方法的正确性。
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFE0100500)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61871387,61861041,and 62171354)by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2019JM-019).
文摘The joint adoption of sub-6GHz and millimeter wave(mmWave)technology can prevent the blind spots of coverage,enabling comprehensive coverage while realizing high-speed communication rate.According to the sensitivity of mmWave,base stations should be more densely deployed,which is not well described by existing Poisson hole process(PHP)and the Poisson point process(PPP)models.This paper establishes a sub-6GHz and mmWave hybrid heterogeneous cellular network based on the modified Poisson hole process(MPHP).In our proposed model,the sub-6GHz base stations follow the PPP,and the mmWave base stations(MBSs)follow MPHP distribution.The expressions of the coverage probability are derived by using the interference calculation method of integrating the nearest sector exclusion area.Our theoretical analysis has been verified through simulation results,suggesting that the increase in the cell radius decreases the coverage probability of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR),whereas the increase in the sector parameter has the opposite effect.The variation of sub-6GHz base stations(SBSs)density imposes more significant impact than the MBSs on the SINR coverage probability.In addition,the decrease in MBSs density will reduce the average bandwidth allocated to the user equipment(UE),thus reducing the rate coverage probability.
