-The impact of several chemical poisons on the Arca granosa absorbing 45Ca was studied. The results showed that the absorption of 45Ca in the blood and the soft tissue by Arca granosa was inhibited by the inorganic co...-The impact of several chemical poisons on the Arca granosa absorbing 45Ca was studied. The results showed that the absorption of 45Ca in the blood and the soft tissue by Arca granosa was inhibited by the inorganic compounds of Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, Hg and so on, among which the inhibition of Cd was the strongest, next was that of Cu and Hg. But the inhibition of the absorption of 45Ca in the shell of Arca granosa was little. The impact of three kinds of energy metabolism inhibitory substances on the absorption of 45Ca by the Area granosa showed that the absorption was an active transfer process.展开更多
Since natural history museums existed, there have been problems concerning how to protect the collections from damages caused by insects. In 1740s＇, French Chemist Becoeur started to use arsenic-soap to protect his t...Since natural history museums existed, there have been problems concerning how to protect the collections from damages caused by insects. In 1740s＇, French Chemist Becoeur started to use arsenic-soap to protect his taxidermy specimens against insects. But in the years of 1770s＇, it was discovered the terrible strong arsenic poison which was dangerous to human beings. Finally taxidermy specimens leave the use of ar- senic and borax to history and use Eulan in their place.展开更多
In the Democratic Republic of Congo,the Kafubu River has received,for several decades,mining waste from GECAMINE Kipushi and Lubumbashi as well as those from the CHEMAF plant.Given this situation,we wanted to verify t...In the Democratic Republic of Congo,the Kafubu River has received,for several decades,mining waste from GECAMINE Kipushi and Lubumbashi as well as those from the CHEMAF plant.Given this situation,we wanted to verify the degree of contamination of fish in the Kafubu River with TME(Trace Metal Elements).In doing so,fish samples from this river,downstream of mining activities,as well as samples of reference fish from upstream of any mining activity from the sources of the Panda and Kasungwe rivers and that of the Congo River were analyzed with Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS)and Inductively Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy(ICP-OES).Statistical analysis,using the Wilcoxon test,of the results obtained as well as the comparison of these with the thresholds of the WHO(World Health Organization),FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization)and the EU(European Union)revealed that the fish of the Kafubu River are contaminated with As,Cd,Co,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb,Se and Zn.Thus,it was concluded that the fish of the Kafubu River were not fit for human consumption.In addition,because of the very high level of bioaccumulation of these TMEs in the fish of the Kafubu River,the latter have been described as poisonous for the consuming population.The main principle that emerges from this study is that fish from an ecosystem polluted by mining waste are not fit for human consumption.The results of this study will be brought to the attention of Decision-makers in the Haut-Katanga Province so that rigorous measures can be taken to prohibit metallurgical plants from dumping their mining waste into aquatic ecosystems.展开更多
Acapulco, Mexico has a coastline of 62 km where large areas of rocky substrate inhabited by organisms such as the GASTROPODA Class can be found. Conidae (Fleming, 1822) Family is among the members of this Class, which...Acapulco, Mexico has a coastline of 62 km where large areas of rocky substrate inhabited by organisms such as the GASTROPODA Class can be found. Conidae (Fleming, 1822) Family is among the members of this Class, which has been poorly studied in the Mexican Pacific, despite their biomedical potential. This research was carried out in the rocky intertidal of nine sites in Acapulco. The objectives were: 1) Prepare an inventory of species associated with rocky intertidal of Conidae family, 2) examine the composition of the family based on two criteria: a) species richness and b) abundance, 3) determine the geographical distribution and 4) analyze the size composition. The unit sampled was 1 m2 and the sampled area was 10 m2 persite. A total of 97 organisms were analyzed, corresponding to two subfamilies, five genera and five species. The Puncticuliinae (Tucker & Tenorio, 2009) subfamily had higher species richness, abundance and frequency of occurrence. The most abundant and most common species were Harmoniconus nux (Broderip, 1833) and Gladioconus gladiator (Broderip, 1833) both showed regular distribution. The size structure found for Conidae family is similar to what has been reported in other research. For the first time G. gladiator is being reported for the state of Guerrero.展开更多
In forensic science,cases of plant toxicity are not contemporary.Studies of plant toxins and various aspects of their analysis have been performed since ancient times.Different analytical techniques are established an...In forensic science,cases of plant toxicity are not contemporary.Studies of plant toxins and various aspects of their analysis have been performed since ancient times.Different analytical techniques are established and evaluated with time.Nowadays,an easy and accurate technique is necessary for toxicological analysis.In this study,various toxicological analysis procedures available for cardiac plant poisons are reviewed.The extraction and determination procedures concerning cardiac plant poisons and their metabolites are considered.Six plant species were selected based on cases occurring in forensic science.According to references,various immunoassay,chromatographic,and spectrometric techniques were used to detect cardiac plant toxins and their metabolites.Liquid chromatography,hyphenated with other techniques,is more familiar and broadly used,according to the reviewed studies.The study of metabolites was not performed separately,but here,we attempt to differentiate techniques for an individual metabolite of every cardiac plant poison.Some metabolites are indicated that are likely to be found in forensic studies but still not reported by any author.展开更多
Pesticide poisoning remains a critical public health challenge worldwide.At present,chlorfenapyr,classifi ed by the World Health Organization(WHO)as a moderately toxic insecticide,is increasingly used in agriculture,l...Pesticide poisoning remains a critical public health challenge worldwide.At present,chlorfenapyr,classifi ed by the World Health Organization(WHO)as a moderately toxic insecticide,is increasingly used in agriculture,leading to more poisoning incidents.It has a fatality rate as high as 76%after poisoning.[1]Here,we report a successful treatment of a patient with mixed pesticide poisoning caused by lethaldose emamectin benzoate(EB)and chlorfenapyr in the Department of Critical Care Medicine,Yangzhou Hongquan Hospital.展开更多
BACKGROUND:This study is to evaluate clearance eff ects of hemoperfusion(HP),continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT),and plasma exchange(PE)for chlorfenapyr and its metabolite tralopyril in patients with acute pois...BACKGROUND:This study is to evaluate clearance eff ects of hemoperfusion(HP),continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT),and plasma exchange(PE)for chlorfenapyr and its metabolite tralopyril in patients with acute poisoning.METHODS:This retrospective study included 18 patients with acute oral chlorfenapyr poisoning treated at our department between January 2022 and January 2024.All patients received conventional therapies combined with blood purification,including HP,CRRT,and PE.HP was performed three sessions within the fi rst 24 h,followed by CRRT and PE.Serial blood samples were collected to measure plasma concentrations of chlorfenapyr and tralopyril using gas chromatography/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/LC-MS).The toxin-clearance eff ects were assessed using a linear mixed-eff ects(LME)model.RESULTS:The hourly decline rate of the plasma chlorfenapyr concentration(median[IQR])was 8.83%(1.79%)for HP,4.12%(1.26%)for CRRT,and 6.85%(1.44%)for PE.LME analysis showed higher decline rate in the plasma concentration with HP(β=5.00;P<0.001)and PE(β=2.15;P=0.003)compared to CRRT.For tralopyril,the hourly decline rates were 3.04%(0.62%)for HP,1.82%(0.48%)for CRRT,and 3.01%(0.37%)for PE.LME analysis showed that the clearance effects of HP(β=0.027;P<0.001)and PE(β=0.022;P=0.001)were superior to CRRT.Pre-treatment toxin levels and the interval from hospital admission to blood purifi cation showed no signifi cant interaction with clearance outcomes.CONCLUSION:In our study,HP was associated with a higher decline rate in plasma chlorfenapyr concentration compared to CRRT and PE,supporting HP as a preferred early intervention.However,all three methods showed limited effi cacy in reducing tralopyril levels.Further research into the toxicokinetics and mechanisms of chlorfenapyr is warranted to optimize purifi cation strategies.展开更多
The performance of deep recommendation models degrades significantly under data poisoning attacks.While adversarial training methods such as Vulnerability-Aware Training(VAT)enhance robustness by injecting perturbatio...The performance of deep recommendation models degrades significantly under data poisoning attacks.While adversarial training methods such as Vulnerability-Aware Training(VAT)enhance robustness by injecting perturbations into embeddings,they remain limited by coarse-grained noise and a static defense strategy,leaving models susceptible to adaptive attacks.This study proposes a novel framework,Self-Purification Data Sanitization(SPD),which integrates vulnerability-aware adversarial training with dynamic label correction.Specifically,SPD first identifies high-risk users through a fragility scoring mechanism,then applies self-purification by replacing suspicious interactions with model-predicted high-confidence labels during training.This closed-loop process continuously sanitizes the training data and breaks the protection ceiling of conventional adversarial training.Experiments demonstrate that SPD significantly improves the robustness of both Matrix Factorization(MF)and LightGCN models against various poisoning attacks.We show that SPD effectively suppresses malicious gradient propagation and maintains recommendation accuracy.Evaluations on Gowalla and Yelp2018 confirmthat SPD-trainedmodels withstandmultiple attack strategies—including Random,Bandwagon,DP,and Rev attacks—while preserving performance.展开更多
Aconitines are a group of highly bioactive and toxic compounds found in aconitum species.[1]It is clinically used to treat rheumatism,rheumatoid arthritis,osteoarthritis,and cancer.[2]In folk medicine,aconitine is oft...Aconitines are a group of highly bioactive and toxic compounds found in aconitum species.[1]It is clinically used to treat rheumatism,rheumatoid arthritis,osteoarthritis,and cancer.[2]In folk medicine,aconitine is often soaked in white wine to make medicinal wine,which is used to treat rheumatism,joint pain,and other diseases.[3]Improper use of aconitine can cause adverse effects in the nervous system and digestive system,as well as cardiovascular dysfunction,especially arrhythmia.[4]Because of its high toxicity when it is improperly handled,aconitine has attracted widespread attention.展开更多
Organophosphate pesticide poisoning is an acute form of poisoning primarily found in underdeveloped regions.Its main clinical manifestations include muscarinic symptoms,nicotinic symptoms,and central nervous system di...Organophosphate pesticide poisoning is an acute form of poisoning primarily found in underdeveloped regions.Its main clinical manifestations include muscarinic symptoms,nicotinic symptoms,and central nervous system disturbances.This report presents a case of a middleaged female who developed extremely rare symptoms of optic nerve damage after ingesting a large amount of an organophosphate pesticide.展开更多
Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contribu...Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contributors to staphylococcal food poisoning(SFP),causing vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,headache,muscle cramps,and other acute gastroenteritis symptoms.More than 25 SEs and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins(SE/s)have been described and which together comprise a superfamily of pyrogenic toxin superantigens(SAgs)[2].展开更多
Federated Learning(FL)has become a leading decentralized solution that enables multiple clients to train a model in a collaborative environment without directly sharing raw data,making it suitable for privacy-sensitiv...Federated Learning(FL)has become a leading decentralized solution that enables multiple clients to train a model in a collaborative environment without directly sharing raw data,making it suitable for privacy-sensitive applications such as healthcare,finance,and smart systems.As the field continues to evolve,the research field has become more complex and scattered,covering different system designs,training methods,and privacy techniques.This survey is organized around the three core challenges:how the data is distributed,how models are synchronized,and how to defend against attacks.It provides a structured and up-to-date review of FL research from 2023 to 2025,offering a unified taxonomy that categorizes works by data distribution(Horizontal FL,Vertical FL,Federated Transfer Learning,and Personalized FL),training synchronization(synchronous and asynchronous FL),optimization strategies,and threat models(data leakage and poisoning attacks).In particular,we summarize the latest contributions in Vertical FL frameworks for secure multi-party learning,communication-efficient Horizontal FL,and domain-adaptive Federated Transfer Learning.Furthermore,we examine synchronization techniques addressing system heterogeneity,including straggler mitigation in synchronous FL and staleness management in asynchronous FL.The survey covers security threats in FL,such as gradient inversion,membership inference,and poisoning attacks,as well as their defense strategies that include privacy-preserving aggregation and anomaly detection.The paper concludes by outlining unresolved issues and highlighting challenges in handling personalized models,scalability,and real-world adoption.展开更多
Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poi...Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poisoning of air electrodes,causing substantial degradation in electrochemical performance and compromising the longterm stability of SOCs.This mini-review examines the mechanism of Cr deposition and poisoning in air electrodes under both fuel-cell and electrolysis modes.Furthermore,emphasis is placed on the recent advancements in strategies to mitigate Cr poisoning,offering insights into the rational design and development of active and Cr-tolerant air electrodes for SOCs.展开更多
TiFe alloys are AB-based hydrogen storage materials with unique characteristics and a wide range of applications.However,the presence of impurity gases(such as O_(2),CO,CO_(2),and CH4)has a considerable impact on the ...TiFe alloys are AB-based hydrogen storage materials with unique characteristics and a wide range of applications.However,the presence of impurity gases(such as O_(2),CO,CO_(2),and CH4)has a considerable impact on the hydrogen storage capacity and kinetics of TiFe alloys,drastically limiting their practical application in hydrogen storage.Consequently,in this study,we investigated the hydrogen absorption kinetics and cycling performance of the TiFe_(0.9) alloy in the presence of common impurity gases(including CH4,CO,CO_(2),and O_(2))and determined the corresponding poisoning mechanisms.Specifically,we found that CH4 did not react with the alloy but acted through physical coverage.In contrast,CO and CO_(2) occupy the active sites for H_(2),significantly impeding the dissociation and absorption of H_(2).In addition,O_(2) reacts directly with the alloy to form a passivating layer that prevents hydrogen absorption.These findings were fur-ther corroborated by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR)and density functional theory(DFT).The relationship between the adsorption energies of the impurity gases and hydrogen obtained through DFT calculations complements the experimental results.Un-derstanding these poisoning behaviors is crucial for designing Ti-based high-entropy hydrogen storage alloy alloys with enhanced resist-ance to poisoning.展开更多
After the ultralow emission transformation of coal-fired power plants,cement production became China’s leading industrial emission source of nitrogen oxides.Flue gas dust contents at the outlet of cement kiln preheat...After the ultralow emission transformation of coal-fired power plants,cement production became China’s leading industrial emission source of nitrogen oxides.Flue gas dust contents at the outlet of cement kiln preheaters were as high as 80-100 g/m^(3),and the calcium oxide content in the dust exceeded 60%.Commercial V_(2)O_(5)(-WO_(3))/TiO_(2) catalysts suitable for coal-fired flue gas suffer from alkaline earth metal Ca poisoning of cement kiln flue gas.Recent studies have also identified the poisoning of cement kiln selective catalytic reaction(SCR)catalysts by the heavy metals lead and thallium.Investigation of the poisoning process is the primary basis for analyzing the catalytic lifetime.This review summarizes and analyzes the SCR catalytic mechanism and chronicles the research progress concerning this poisoning mechanism.Based on the catalytic and toxification mechanisms,it can be inferred that improving the anti-poisoning performance of a catalyst enhances its acidity,surface redox performance-active catalytic sites,and shell layer protection.The data provide support in guiding engineering practice and reducing operating costs of SCR plants.Finally,future research directions for SCR denitrification catalysts in the cement industry are discussed.This study provides critical support for the development and optimization of poisoning-resistant SCR denitrification catalysts.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have great promise for next-generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh g^(-1))of sulfur with chemical conversion for charge storage.However,t...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have great promise for next-generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh g^(-1))of sulfur with chemical conversion for charge storage.However,their practical use is hindered by the slow redox kinetics of sulfur and the“shuttle effect”arising from dissolved lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).In recent years,various carbon-based materials have served as sulfur hosts and catalysts for accelerating sulfur conversion redox kinetics and alleviating LiPS shuttling.However,they often suffer from irreversible passivation and structural changes that destroy their long-term performance.We consider the main problems limiting their stability,including excessive LiPS adsorption,passivation by insulating Li2S,and surface reconstruction,and clarify how these factors lead to capacity fade.We then outline effective strategies for achieving long-term sulfur catalysis,focusing on functional carbon,such as designing suitable carbon-supported catalyst interfaces,creating well-distributed active sites,adding cocatalysts to improve electron transfer,and using carbon-based protective layers to suppress unwanted side reactions.Using this information should enable the development of stable,high-activity catalysts capable of long-term operation under practical conditions in Li-S batteries.展开更多
As classical cathode materials of solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC),Fe-based perovskite materials are favored for their affordable price,low thermal expansion coefficient and high stability.In this study,B-site high-entropy...As classical cathode materials of solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC),Fe-based perovskite materials are favored for their affordable price,low thermal expansion coefficient and high stability.In this study,B-site high-entropy perovskite oxide La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)(FeNiCo)_(0.8)Mo_(0.1)Ti_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(LSFNCMT)was prepared by the citric acid-nitrate combustion method.Due to the faster oxygen surface exchange rate of the high-entropy material,the LSFNCMT cathode shows excellent oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity with a polarization impedance(Rp)of 0.11Ω·cm^(2) at 800℃,which is much lower than that of the La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)FeO_(3-δ)(LSF)cathode(0.31Ω·cm^(2)).Furthermore,the high-entropy material exhibits superior stability due to incorporation of highly acidic Ni,Co,and Mo cations as well as Ti cation with more negative average bonding energy(ABE)of metal-oxygen.In the 22 h-stability test of the symmetric cell with LSFNCMT cathode in the Cr-containing atmosphere,Rp only increases from 1.07Ω·cm^(2) to 2.98Ω·cm^(2),while Rp of the LSF cathode increases from 2.62Ω·cm^(2) to 7.90Ω·cm^(2) under the same conditions,indicating better Cr-resistance of LSFNCMT due to the high-entropy strategy.The fact that the maximum power density(MPD)of the single cell with LSFNCMT cathode at 800℃is 1105.26 mW·cm^(-2),significantly higher than that of LSF cathode(830.74 mW·cm^(-2)),and Rp at 800℃is 0.24Ω·cm^(2),lower than that of LSF cathode(0.36Ω·cm^(2)),confirming excellent toxicity resistance of the high-entropy cathode.This study shows that B-position high entropy is an effective way to improve the catalytic activity and chromium resistance of cathode materials.展开更多
Objective:The neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide(CO)to the central nervous system is a key pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Our previous study found that retinoic acid...Objective:The neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide(CO)to the central nervous system is a key pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Our previous study found that retinoic acid(RA)can suppress the neurotoxic effects of CO.This study further explores,in vivo and in vitro,the molecular mechanisms by which RA alleviates CO-induced central nervous system damage.Methods:A cytotoxic model was established using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and primary oligodendrocytes exposed to CO,and a DEACMP animal model was established in adult Kunming mice.Cell viability and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI)double staining.The transcriptional and protein expression of each gene was detected using real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting.Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)SNHG15 and LINGO-1 were knocked down or overexpressed to observe changes in neurons and oligodendrocytes.In DEACMP mice,SNHG15 or LINGO-1 were knocked down to assess changes in central nervous tissue and downstream protein expression.Results:RA at 10 and 20μmol/L significantly reversed CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,downregulation of SNHG15 and LINGO-1,and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and tyrosine kinase receptor B(TrkB)(all P<0.05).Overexpression of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 weakened the protective effect of RA against CO-induced cytotoxicity(all P<0.05).Knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 alleviated CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes and upregulated BDNF and TrkB expression levels(all P<0.05).Experiments in DEACMP model mice showed that knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 mitigated central nervous system injury in DEACMP(all P<0.05).Conclusion:RA alleviates CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,thereby reducing central nervous system injury and exerting neuroprotective effects.LncRNA SNHG15 and LINGO-1 are key molecules mediating RA induced inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and are associated with the BDNF/TrkB pathway.These findings provide a theoretical framework for optimizing the clinical treatment of DEACMP and lay an experimental foundation for elucidating its molecular mechanisms.展开更多
Rationale:Advances in sleep research have introduced medications like lemborexant,a dual orexin receptor antagonist.While effective for regulating sleep,overdoses are a concern,especially in suicide attempts.However,l...Rationale:Advances in sleep research have introduced medications like lemborexant,a dual orexin receptor antagonist.While effective for regulating sleep,overdoses are a concern,especially in suicide attempts.However,limited data exist on lemborexant overdose,prompting this case report to elucidate its clinical course.Patient’s Concern:A 91-year-old Japanese woman with multiple comorbidities,including insomnia and chronic kidney disease,was admitted after ingesting 315 mg of lemborexant in a suicide attempt.Diagnosis:Lemborexant overdose.Interventions:Supportive care with 500 mL of Ringer’s acetate solution at the emergency room.Outcomes:She gradually regained full consciousness with no residual deficits.Due to persistent suicidal ideation,she was transferred to a psychiatric hospital after seven days of supportive care.Lessons:A review of four lemborexant overdose cases managed at our hospital revealed that overdoses primarily induce altered consciousness and are unlikely to cause organ dysfunction.Supportive care is generally sufficient for management.However,given the limited data,further case accumulation is needed to enhance clinical understanding.展开更多
文摘-The impact of several chemical poisons on the Arca granosa absorbing 45Ca was studied. The results showed that the absorption of 45Ca in the blood and the soft tissue by Arca granosa was inhibited by the inorganic compounds of Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, Hg and so on, among which the inhibition of Cd was the strongest, next was that of Cu and Hg. But the inhibition of the absorption of 45Ca in the shell of Arca granosa was little. The impact of three kinds of energy metabolism inhibitory substances on the absorption of 45Ca by the Area granosa showed that the absorption was an active transfer process.
文摘Since natural history museums existed, there have been problems concerning how to protect the collections from damages caused by insects. In 1740s＇, French Chemist Becoeur started to use arsenic-soap to protect his taxidermy specimens against insects. But in the years of 1770s＇, it was discovered the terrible strong arsenic poison which was dangerous to human beings. Finally taxidermy specimens leave the use of ar- senic and borax to history and use Eulan in their place.
文摘In the Democratic Republic of Congo,the Kafubu River has received,for several decades,mining waste from GECAMINE Kipushi and Lubumbashi as well as those from the CHEMAF plant.Given this situation,we wanted to verify the degree of contamination of fish in the Kafubu River with TME(Trace Metal Elements).In doing so,fish samples from this river,downstream of mining activities,as well as samples of reference fish from upstream of any mining activity from the sources of the Panda and Kasungwe rivers and that of the Congo River were analyzed with Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS)and Inductively Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy(ICP-OES).Statistical analysis,using the Wilcoxon test,of the results obtained as well as the comparison of these with the thresholds of the WHO(World Health Organization),FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization)and the EU(European Union)revealed that the fish of the Kafubu River are contaminated with As,Cd,Co,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb,Se and Zn.Thus,it was concluded that the fish of the Kafubu River were not fit for human consumption.In addition,because of the very high level of bioaccumulation of these TMEs in the fish of the Kafubu River,the latter have been described as poisonous for the consuming population.The main principle that emerges from this study is that fish from an ecosystem polluted by mining waste are not fit for human consumption.The results of this study will be brought to the attention of Decision-makers in the Haut-Katanga Province so that rigorous measures can be taken to prohibit metallurgical plants from dumping their mining waste into aquatic ecosystems.
文摘Acapulco, Mexico has a coastline of 62 km where large areas of rocky substrate inhabited by organisms such as the GASTROPODA Class can be found. Conidae (Fleming, 1822) Family is among the members of this Class, which has been poorly studied in the Mexican Pacific, despite their biomedical potential. This research was carried out in the rocky intertidal of nine sites in Acapulco. The objectives were: 1) Prepare an inventory of species associated with rocky intertidal of Conidae family, 2) examine the composition of the family based on two criteria: a) species richness and b) abundance, 3) determine the geographical distribution and 4) analyze the size composition. The unit sampled was 1 m2 and the sampled area was 10 m2 persite. A total of 97 organisms were analyzed, corresponding to two subfamilies, five genera and five species. The Puncticuliinae (Tucker & Tenorio, 2009) subfamily had higher species richness, abundance and frequency of occurrence. The most abundant and most common species were Harmoniconus nux (Broderip, 1833) and Gladioconus gladiator (Broderip, 1833) both showed regular distribution. The size structure found for Conidae family is similar to what has been reported in other research. For the first time G. gladiator is being reported for the state of Guerrero.
基金sponsored by the University Grant Commission under grant no.200510052863.
文摘In forensic science,cases of plant toxicity are not contemporary.Studies of plant toxins and various aspects of their analysis have been performed since ancient times.Different analytical techniques are established and evaluated with time.Nowadays,an easy and accurate technique is necessary for toxicological analysis.In this study,various toxicological analysis procedures available for cardiac plant poisons are reviewed.The extraction and determination procedures concerning cardiac plant poisons and their metabolites are considered.Six plant species were selected based on cases occurring in forensic science.According to references,various immunoassay,chromatographic,and spectrometric techniques were used to detect cardiac plant toxins and their metabolites.Liquid chromatography,hyphenated with other techniques,is more familiar and broadly used,according to the reviewed studies.The study of metabolites was not performed separately,but here,we attempt to differentiate techniques for an individual metabolite of every cardiac plant poison.Some metabolites are indicated that are likely to be found in forensic studies but still not reported by any author.
文摘Pesticide poisoning remains a critical public health challenge worldwide.At present,chlorfenapyr,classifi ed by the World Health Organization(WHO)as a moderately toxic insecticide,is increasingly used in agriculture,leading to more poisoning incidents.It has a fatality rate as high as 76%after poisoning.[1]Here,we report a successful treatment of a patient with mixed pesticide poisoning caused by lethaldose emamectin benzoate(EB)and chlorfenapyr in the Department of Critical Care Medicine,Yangzhou Hongquan Hospital.
基金funded by the Medical Science Research Project of the Hebei Provincial Health and Health Commission(20230550).
文摘BACKGROUND:This study is to evaluate clearance eff ects of hemoperfusion(HP),continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT),and plasma exchange(PE)for chlorfenapyr and its metabolite tralopyril in patients with acute poisoning.METHODS:This retrospective study included 18 patients with acute oral chlorfenapyr poisoning treated at our department between January 2022 and January 2024.All patients received conventional therapies combined with blood purification,including HP,CRRT,and PE.HP was performed three sessions within the fi rst 24 h,followed by CRRT and PE.Serial blood samples were collected to measure plasma concentrations of chlorfenapyr and tralopyril using gas chromatography/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/LC-MS).The toxin-clearance eff ects were assessed using a linear mixed-eff ects(LME)model.RESULTS:The hourly decline rate of the plasma chlorfenapyr concentration(median[IQR])was 8.83%(1.79%)for HP,4.12%(1.26%)for CRRT,and 6.85%(1.44%)for PE.LME analysis showed higher decline rate in the plasma concentration with HP(β=5.00;P<0.001)and PE(β=2.15;P=0.003)compared to CRRT.For tralopyril,the hourly decline rates were 3.04%(0.62%)for HP,1.82%(0.48%)for CRRT,and 3.01%(0.37%)for PE.LME analysis showed that the clearance effects of HP(β=0.027;P<0.001)and PE(β=0.022;P=0.001)were superior to CRRT.Pre-treatment toxin levels and the interval from hospital admission to blood purifi cation showed no signifi cant interaction with clearance outcomes.CONCLUSION:In our study,HP was associated with a higher decline rate in plasma chlorfenapyr concentration compared to CRRT and PE,supporting HP as a preferred early intervention.However,all three methods showed limited effi cacy in reducing tralopyril levels.Further research into the toxicokinetics and mechanisms of chlorfenapyr is warranted to optimize purifi cation strategies.
文摘The performance of deep recommendation models degrades significantly under data poisoning attacks.While adversarial training methods such as Vulnerability-Aware Training(VAT)enhance robustness by injecting perturbations into embeddings,they remain limited by coarse-grained noise and a static defense strategy,leaving models susceptible to adaptive attacks.This study proposes a novel framework,Self-Purification Data Sanitization(SPD),which integrates vulnerability-aware adversarial training with dynamic label correction.Specifically,SPD first identifies high-risk users through a fragility scoring mechanism,then applies self-purification by replacing suspicious interactions with model-predicted high-confidence labels during training.This closed-loop process continuously sanitizes the training data and breaks the protection ceiling of conventional adversarial training.Experiments demonstrate that SPD significantly improves the robustness of both Matrix Factorization(MF)and LightGCN models against various poisoning attacks.We show that SPD effectively suppresses malicious gradient propagation and maintains recommendation accuracy.Evaluations on Gowalla and Yelp2018 confirmthat SPD-trainedmodels withstandmultiple attack strategies—including Random,Bandwagon,DP,and Rev attacks—while preserving performance.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82360387)the Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine of Yunnan Province(202449CE340015).
文摘Aconitines are a group of highly bioactive and toxic compounds found in aconitum species.[1]It is clinically used to treat rheumatism,rheumatoid arthritis,osteoarthritis,and cancer.[2]In folk medicine,aconitine is often soaked in white wine to make medicinal wine,which is used to treat rheumatism,joint pain,and other diseases.[3]Improper use of aconitine can cause adverse effects in the nervous system and digestive system,as well as cardiovascular dysfunction,especially arrhythmia.[4]Because of its high toxicity when it is improperly handled,aconitine has attracted widespread attention.
文摘Organophosphate pesticide poisoning is an acute form of poisoning primarily found in underdeveloped regions.Its main clinical manifestations include muscarinic symptoms,nicotinic symptoms,and central nervous system disturbances.This report presents a case of a middleaged female who developed extremely rare symptoms of optic nerve damage after ingesting a large amount of an organophosphate pesticide.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2022YFD1800400).
文摘Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contributors to staphylococcal food poisoning(SFP),causing vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,headache,muscle cramps,and other acute gastroenteritis symptoms.More than 25 SEs and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins(SE/s)have been described and which together comprise a superfamily of pyrogenic toxin superantigens(SAgs)[2].
文摘Federated Learning(FL)has become a leading decentralized solution that enables multiple clients to train a model in a collaborative environment without directly sharing raw data,making it suitable for privacy-sensitive applications such as healthcare,finance,and smart systems.As the field continues to evolve,the research field has become more complex and scattered,covering different system designs,training methods,and privacy techniques.This survey is organized around the three core challenges:how the data is distributed,how models are synchronized,and how to defend against attacks.It provides a structured and up-to-date review of FL research from 2023 to 2025,offering a unified taxonomy that categorizes works by data distribution(Horizontal FL,Vertical FL,Federated Transfer Learning,and Personalized FL),training synchronization(synchronous and asynchronous FL),optimization strategies,and threat models(data leakage and poisoning attacks).In particular,we summarize the latest contributions in Vertical FL frameworks for secure multi-party learning,communication-efficient Horizontal FL,and domain-adaptive Federated Transfer Learning.Furthermore,we examine synchronization techniques addressing system heterogeneity,including straggler mitigation in synchronous FL and staleness management in asynchronous FL.The survey covers security threats in FL,such as gradient inversion,membership inference,and poisoning attacks,as well as their defense strategies that include privacy-preserving aggregation and anomaly detection.The paper concludes by outlining unresolved issues and highlighting challenges in handling personalized models,scalability,and real-world adoption.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279018)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22005055)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J01085).
文摘Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poisoning of air electrodes,causing substantial degradation in electrochemical performance and compromising the longterm stability of SOCs.This mini-review examines the mechanism of Cr deposition and poisoning in air electrodes under both fuel-cell and electrolysis modes.Furthermore,emphasis is placed on the recent advancements in strategies to mitigate Cr poisoning,offering insights into the rational design and development of active and Cr-tolerant air electrodes for SOCs.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4004301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52201274 and 52307250)the Shaanxi Province key research and development plan,China(No.2024CY2-GJHX-53).
文摘TiFe alloys are AB-based hydrogen storage materials with unique characteristics and a wide range of applications.However,the presence of impurity gases(such as O_(2),CO,CO_(2),and CH4)has a considerable impact on the hydrogen storage capacity and kinetics of TiFe alloys,drastically limiting their practical application in hydrogen storage.Consequently,in this study,we investigated the hydrogen absorption kinetics and cycling performance of the TiFe_(0.9) alloy in the presence of common impurity gases(including CH4,CO,CO_(2),and O_(2))and determined the corresponding poisoning mechanisms.Specifically,we found that CH4 did not react with the alloy but acted through physical coverage.In contrast,CO and CO_(2) occupy the active sites for H_(2),significantly impeding the dissociation and absorption of H_(2).In addition,O_(2) reacts directly with the alloy to form a passivating layer that prevents hydrogen absorption.These findings were fur-ther corroborated by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR)and density functional theory(DFT).The relationship between the adsorption energies of the impurity gases and hydrogen obtained through DFT calculations complements the experimental results.Un-derstanding these poisoning behaviors is crucial for designing Ti-based high-entropy hydrogen storage alloy alloys with enhanced resist-ance to poisoning.
基金supported by the Basic Research Business Fund Grant Program for University of Science and Technology Beijing (No.0650)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.FRF-TP-22-091A1)the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB (Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities) (No.FRF-IDRY-22-010).
文摘After the ultralow emission transformation of coal-fired power plants,cement production became China’s leading industrial emission source of nitrogen oxides.Flue gas dust contents at the outlet of cement kiln preheaters were as high as 80-100 g/m^(3),and the calcium oxide content in the dust exceeded 60%.Commercial V_(2)O_(5)(-WO_(3))/TiO_(2) catalysts suitable for coal-fired flue gas suffer from alkaline earth metal Ca poisoning of cement kiln flue gas.Recent studies have also identified the poisoning of cement kiln selective catalytic reaction(SCR)catalysts by the heavy metals lead and thallium.Investigation of the poisoning process is the primary basis for analyzing the catalytic lifetime.This review summarizes and analyzes the SCR catalytic mechanism and chronicles the research progress concerning this poisoning mechanism.Based on the catalytic and toxification mechanisms,it can be inferred that improving the anti-poisoning performance of a catalyst enhances its acidity,surface redox performance-active catalytic sites,and shell layer protection.The data provide support in guiding engineering practice and reducing operating costs of SCR plants.Finally,future research directions for SCR denitrification catalysts in the cement industry are discussed.This study provides critical support for the development and optimization of poisoning-resistant SCR denitrification catalysts.
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have great promise for next-generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh g^(-1))of sulfur with chemical conversion for charge storage.However,their practical use is hindered by the slow redox kinetics of sulfur and the“shuttle effect”arising from dissolved lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).In recent years,various carbon-based materials have served as sulfur hosts and catalysts for accelerating sulfur conversion redox kinetics and alleviating LiPS shuttling.However,they often suffer from irreversible passivation and structural changes that destroy their long-term performance.We consider the main problems limiting their stability,including excessive LiPS adsorption,passivation by insulating Li2S,and surface reconstruction,and clarify how these factors lead to capacity fade.We then outline effective strategies for achieving long-term sulfur catalysis,focusing on functional carbon,such as designing suitable carbon-supported catalyst interfaces,creating well-distributed active sites,adding cocatalysts to improve electron transfer,and using carbon-based protective layers to suppress unwanted side reactions.Using this information should enable the development of stable,high-activity catalysts capable of long-term operation under practical conditions in Li-S batteries.
基金Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2022B0111130004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272257)。
文摘As classical cathode materials of solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC),Fe-based perovskite materials are favored for their affordable price,low thermal expansion coefficient and high stability.In this study,B-site high-entropy perovskite oxide La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)(FeNiCo)_(0.8)Mo_(0.1)Ti_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(LSFNCMT)was prepared by the citric acid-nitrate combustion method.Due to the faster oxygen surface exchange rate of the high-entropy material,the LSFNCMT cathode shows excellent oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity with a polarization impedance(Rp)of 0.11Ω·cm^(2) at 800℃,which is much lower than that of the La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)FeO_(3-δ)(LSF)cathode(0.31Ω·cm^(2)).Furthermore,the high-entropy material exhibits superior stability due to incorporation of highly acidic Ni,Co,and Mo cations as well as Ti cation with more negative average bonding energy(ABE)of metal-oxygen.In the 22 h-stability test of the symmetric cell with LSFNCMT cathode in the Cr-containing atmosphere,Rp only increases from 1.07Ω·cm^(2) to 2.98Ω·cm^(2),while Rp of the LSF cathode increases from 2.62Ω·cm^(2) to 7.90Ω·cm^(2) under the same conditions,indicating better Cr-resistance of LSFNCMT due to the high-entropy strategy.The fact that the maximum power density(MPD)of the single cell with LSFNCMT cathode at 800℃is 1105.26 mW·cm^(-2),significantly higher than that of LSF cathode(830.74 mW·cm^(-2)),and Rp at 800℃is 0.24Ω·cm^(2),lower than that of LSF cathode(0.36Ω·cm^(2)),confirming excellent toxicity resistance of the high-entropy cathode.This study shows that B-position high entropy is an effective way to improve the catalytic activity and chromium resistance of cathode materials.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ31089)the Scientific Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province(202203104548),China。
文摘Objective:The neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide(CO)to the central nervous system is a key pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Our previous study found that retinoic acid(RA)can suppress the neurotoxic effects of CO.This study further explores,in vivo and in vitro,the molecular mechanisms by which RA alleviates CO-induced central nervous system damage.Methods:A cytotoxic model was established using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and primary oligodendrocytes exposed to CO,and a DEACMP animal model was established in adult Kunming mice.Cell viability and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI)double staining.The transcriptional and protein expression of each gene was detected using real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting.Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)SNHG15 and LINGO-1 were knocked down or overexpressed to observe changes in neurons and oligodendrocytes.In DEACMP mice,SNHG15 or LINGO-1 were knocked down to assess changes in central nervous tissue and downstream protein expression.Results:RA at 10 and 20μmol/L significantly reversed CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,downregulation of SNHG15 and LINGO-1,and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and tyrosine kinase receptor B(TrkB)(all P<0.05).Overexpression of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 weakened the protective effect of RA against CO-induced cytotoxicity(all P<0.05).Knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 alleviated CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes and upregulated BDNF and TrkB expression levels(all P<0.05).Experiments in DEACMP model mice showed that knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 mitigated central nervous system injury in DEACMP(all P<0.05).Conclusion:RA alleviates CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,thereby reducing central nervous system injury and exerting neuroprotective effects.LncRNA SNHG15 and LINGO-1 are key molecules mediating RA induced inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and are associated with the BDNF/TrkB pathway.These findings provide a theoretical framework for optimizing the clinical treatment of DEACMP and lay an experimental foundation for elucidating its molecular mechanisms.
文摘Rationale:Advances in sleep research have introduced medications like lemborexant,a dual orexin receptor antagonist.While effective for regulating sleep,overdoses are a concern,especially in suicide attempts.However,limited data exist on lemborexant overdose,prompting this case report to elucidate its clinical course.Patient’s Concern:A 91-year-old Japanese woman with multiple comorbidities,including insomnia and chronic kidney disease,was admitted after ingesting 315 mg of lemborexant in a suicide attempt.Diagnosis:Lemborexant overdose.Interventions:Supportive care with 500 mL of Ringer’s acetate solution at the emergency room.Outcomes:She gradually regained full consciousness with no residual deficits.Due to persistent suicidal ideation,she was transferred to a psychiatric hospital after seven days of supportive care.Lessons:A review of four lemborexant overdose cases managed at our hospital revealed that overdoses primarily induce altered consciousness and are unlikely to cause organ dysfunction.Supportive care is generally sufficient for management.However,given the limited data,further case accumulation is needed to enhance clinical understanding.
