BACKGROUND: Prognostic value of cortisol and thyroid function tests(TFTs) has previously been evaluated in medical ICUs. We aimed to evaluate prognostic efficacy of cortisol and TFTs in critically ill poisoned patient...BACKGROUND: Prognostic value of cortisol and thyroid function tests(TFTs) has previously been evaluated in medical ICUs. We aimed to evaluate prognostic efficacy of cortisol and TFTs in critically ill poisoned patients admitted to toxicology intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS: In a prospective study of consecutively enrolled subjects admitted to the toxicology ICU, lab analyses included TFTs(total T3 and T4 as well as TSH) and cortisol levels drawn between 8 am–10 am during period of the first 24 hours post-ingestion/exposure. Simplified Acute Physiology Score Ⅱ(SAPS Ⅱ) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) were recorded. All scores were compared to detect the best prognostic factor. Type of poisoning was also included.RESULTS: In 200 patients evaluated, 129 were male and mean age was 31 years. In general, SAPS Ⅱ, T4, and cortisol could prognosticate death. After regression analysis, only cortisol had such efficacy(P=0.04; OR=1.06; 95%CI=1.05–1.08; cut-off=42 μg/d L; sensitivity=70%; specificity=82%). Between aluminium phosphide(ALP)-and non ALP-poisoned patients, level of consciousness, mean arterial pressure, and cortisol level could prognosticate death in ALP poisoning(all Ps<0.001 in both uni and multivariate analyses). Median(interquartile range; IQR) GCS was 7(6, 10) and 15(8, 15) in non-ALP and ALP-poisoned patients(P<0.003). SAPS Ⅱ and APACHE Ⅱ could not prognosticate death at all.CONCLUSION: Cortisol best prognosticated outcomes for subjects admitted to the toxicology ICU. Its level is higher in ALP-poisoned patients probably due to the higher stress while they remain conscious till the final stages of toxicity and are aware of deterioration of their clinical condition or may be due to their significantly lower blood pressures.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Paraquat （PQ） is an effective herbicide and is widely used in agricultural production, but PQ poisoning is frequently seen in humans with the lung as the target organ. Clinically pulmonary pathological ...BACKGROUND： Paraquat （PQ） is an effective herbicide and is widely used in agricultural production, but PQ poisoning is frequently seen in humans with the lung as the target organ. Clinically pulmonary pathological changes are often used to predict the severity and prognosis of the patients. In this study, we observed the expression of heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） in rat lung after PQ poisoning and to investigate the therapeutic effects of ulinastatin.METHODS： Seventy-two adult healthy SD rats were randomly divided into a control group （group A, n=24）, a poisoning group （group B, n=24）, and an ulinastatin group （group C, n=24）. The rat models of acute PQ poisoning were established by intra-gastric administration of 80 mg/kg PQ to rats of groups B and C, and the rats of group C were intra-peritoneally injected with 100 000 IU/kg ulinastatin 30 minutes after poisoning. The expression of HSP70 in lung tissue was observed, and W/D and histopathological changes in the lung tissue were compared 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after poisoning. The expression of HSP70 in the lung tissue was assayed by using RT-PCR. All quantitative data were processed with one-way analysis of variance to compare multiple sample means.RESULTS： Compared to group A, the expression of HSP70 in the lung of rats in groups B and C increased signi？ cantly at all intervals （P〈0.05）. The pathological changes in lung tissue of rats with PQ poisoning included congestion, leukocytes in？ ltration and local hemorrhage, whereas those of group C were signi？ cantly lessened.CONCLUSION： Ulinastatin may ameliorate acute lung injury to some extent after PQ poisoning in rats by enhancing the expression of HSP70.展开更多
BACKGROUND： With the development of industry and agriculture, organotin compounds have been widely used in China. Organotin compounds cause a common occupational poisoning. The toxicity of organotin was reported in a...BACKGROUND： With the development of industry and agriculture, organotin compounds have been widely used in China. Organotin compounds cause a common occupational poisoning. The toxicity of organotin was reported in animal studies; however the reports about human organotin intoxication are very rare. In this study we retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations of 15 organotin-poisoned patients who had been treated at our hospital from 2002 through 2007.METHODS： Fifteen patients with organotin poisoning were admitted to Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from 2002 to 2007. They were 9 males and 6 females, aged from 25 to 52 years. Clinical manifestations and Glasgow Coma Scales showed that the poisoning was mild in 4 patients, moderate in 6 and severe in 5. The severe patients were given glucocorticoid after hospitalization by intravenous guttae of 500 mg methylprednisolone for the first day, followed by 160 mg methylprednisolone per day for three days, and then 80 mg methylprednisolone per day for another three days. Potassium glutamate and sodium glutamate were intravenously dripped to reduce blood ammonia; intravenous guttae plus oral administration of potassium 9 g/day was used to correct intractable hypokalemia; sodium bicarbonate was used to correct metabolic acidosis, and sedatives were used to control spasm and twitch; mechanical ventilators were used in 4 patients with dyspnea.RESULTS： Most of the patients showed elevated level of blood ammonia, decreased level of blood potassium and metabolic acidosis, but some had demyelination changes shown by CT and MRI. Treatments included correction of metabolic acids, blood potassium and ammonia, and mechanical ventilation when necessary. For patients with injuries of the nervous system, glucocorticoids were given immediately after hospitalization. These patients showed intractable hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis during the treatment. Forteen patients recovered completely without long-term side-effect. One patient in the aphasiac stage restored the linguistic capacity during a 6-month follow-up.CONCLUSION： Elevated level of blood ammonia, decresed level of blood potassium, and metabolic acidosis are common in patients with organotin poisoning. Demyelination can be observed in patients with severe poisoning. The abnormalities of the patients are reversible alter suitable treatments.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the effect of first aid treatment with pralidoxime injection on organophosphorus pesticide poisoned patients. Methods: dividing 60 organophosphorus pesticide poisoned patients in our hospital fro...Objective: to analyze the effect of first aid treatment with pralidoxime injection on organophosphorus pesticide poisoned patients. Methods: dividing 60 organophosphorus pesticide poisoned patients in our hospital from February 2017 to April 2021 into research group and control group according to random number table method, 30 cases in each group, and performing routine emergency treatment with pralidoxime injection intervention, performing intravenous drip to patients in control group, performing after-loading intravenous drip to patients in research group, and comparing and analyzing the first aid effect and improvement of myocardial enzyme level between two groups. Results: the resuscitation time and AchE activity recovery time of patients in research group were shorter than those in control group after first aid, and the levels of cTnI and CK were lower than those in control group after first aid, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: on the basis of conventional emergency intervention for organophosphorus pesticide poisoned patients, after-loading pralidoxime injection intravenous infusion can effectively improve emergency treatment effect, and promote recovery of patients' resuscitation and myocardial enzyme level.展开更多
Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poi...Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poisoning of air electrodes,causing substantial degradation in electrochemical performance and compromising the longterm stability of SOCs.This mini-review examines the mechanism of Cr deposition and poisoning in air electrodes under both fuel-cell and electrolysis modes.Furthermore,emphasis is placed on the recent advancements in strategies to mitigate Cr poisoning,offering insights into the rational design and development of active and Cr-tolerant air electrodes for SOCs.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have great promise for next-generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh g^(-1))of sulfur with chemical conversion for charge storage.However,t...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have great promise for next-generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh g^(-1))of sulfur with chemical conversion for charge storage.However,their practical use is hindered by the slow redox kinetics of sulfur and the“shuttle effect”arising from dissolved lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).In recent years,various carbon-based materials have served as sulfur hosts and catalysts for accelerating sulfur conversion redox kinetics and alleviating LiPS shuttling.However,they often suffer from irreversible passivation and structural changes that destroy their long-term performance.We consider the main problems limiting their stability,including excessive LiPS adsorption,passivation by insulating Li2S,and surface reconstruction,and clarify how these factors lead to capacity fade.We then outline effective strategies for achieving long-term sulfur catalysis,focusing on functional carbon,such as designing suitable carbon-supported catalyst interfaces,creating well-distributed active sites,adding cocatalysts to improve electron transfer,and using carbon-based protective layers to suppress unwanted side reactions.Using this information should enable the development of stable,high-activity catalysts capable of long-term operation under practical conditions in Li-S batteries.展开更多
Objective:The neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide(CO)to the central nervous system is a key pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Our previous study found that retinoic acid...Objective:The neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide(CO)to the central nervous system is a key pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Our previous study found that retinoic acid(RA)can suppress the neurotoxic effects of CO.This study further explores,in vivo and in vitro,the molecular mechanisms by which RA alleviates CO-induced central nervous system damage.Methods:A cytotoxic model was established using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and primary oligodendrocytes exposed to CO,and a DEACMP animal model was established in adult Kunming mice.Cell viability and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI)double staining.The transcriptional and protein expression of each gene was detected using real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting.Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)SNHG15 and LINGO-1 were knocked down or overexpressed to observe changes in neurons and oligodendrocytes.In DEACMP mice,SNHG15 or LINGO-1 were knocked down to assess changes in central nervous tissue and downstream protein expression.Results:RA at 10 and 20μmol/L significantly reversed CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,downregulation of SNHG15 and LINGO-1,and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and tyrosine kinase receptor B(TrkB)(all P<0.05).Overexpression of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 weakened the protective effect of RA against CO-induced cytotoxicity(all P<0.05).Knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 alleviated CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes and upregulated BDNF and TrkB expression levels(all P<0.05).Experiments in DEACMP model mice showed that knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 mitigated central nervous system injury in DEACMP(all P<0.05).Conclusion:RA alleviates CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,thereby reducing central nervous system injury and exerting neuroprotective effects.LncRNA SNHG15 and LINGO-1 are key molecules mediating RA induced inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and are associated with the BDNF/TrkB pathway.These findings provide a theoretical framework for optimizing the clinical treatment of DEACMP and lay an experimental foundation for elucidating its molecular mechanisms.展开更多
BACKGROUND Organophosphate(OP)poisoning is common in sub-Saharan Africa.It is asso-ciated with high mortality and morbidity.Affected individuals often exhibit cho-linergic symptoms and respiratory distress.Moreover,ot...BACKGROUND Organophosphate(OP)poisoning is common in sub-Saharan Africa.It is asso-ciated with high mortality and morbidity.Affected individuals often exhibit cho-linergic symptoms and respiratory distress.Moreover,other complications,such as pancreatitis,arrhythmias,and hepatic dysfunction,have been reported.How-ever,paralytic ileus is an exceedingly rare complication.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 5-year-old boy who presented with altered sensorium and abdominal distension following suspected OP exposure.Physical examination and imaging revealed features of intestinal obstruction and neurological deficits.He was managed with atropine,pralidoxime,and other supportive measures and had a successful recovery.Paralytic ileus is an atypical complication of acute OP poisoning.The resultant intestinal obstruction manifests as cholinergic overac-tivity,leading to bowel dysmotility.This case emphasizes the need for awareness and prompt management of such atypical presentations,especially in the pe-diatric population.CONCLUSION Timely recognition and multidisciplinary management of atypical presentations,such as paralytic ileus,are crucial in improving outcomes in pediatric OP poi-soning.展开更多
Rationale:Advances in sleep research have introduced medications like lemborexant,a dual orexin receptor antagonist.While effective for regulating sleep,overdoses are a concern,especially in suicide attempts.However,l...Rationale:Advances in sleep research have introduced medications like lemborexant,a dual orexin receptor antagonist.While effective for regulating sleep,overdoses are a concern,especially in suicide attempts.However,limited data exist on lemborexant overdose,prompting this case report to elucidate its clinical course.Patient’s Concern:A 91-year-old Japanese woman with multiple comorbidities,including insomnia and chronic kidney disease,was admitted after ingesting 315 mg of lemborexant in a suicide attempt.Diagnosis:Lemborexant overdose.Interventions:Supportive care with 500 mL of Ringer’s acetate solution at the emergency room.Outcomes:She gradually regained full consciousness with no residual deficits.Due to persistent suicidal ideation,she was transferred to a psychiatric hospital after seven days of supportive care.Lessons:A review of four lemborexant overdose cases managed at our hospital revealed that overdoses primarily induce altered consciousness and are unlikely to cause organ dysfunction.Supportive care is generally sufficient for management.However,given the limited data,further case accumulation is needed to enhance clinical understanding.展开更多
Investigating highly effective electrocatalysts for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFC)requires the resistance to phosphate acid(PA)poisoning at cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Recen...Investigating highly effective electrocatalysts for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFC)requires the resistance to phosphate acid(PA)poisoning at cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Recent advancements in catalysts have focused on alleviating phosphoric anion adsorption on Pt-based catalysts with modified electronic structure or catalytic interface and developing Fe-N-C based catalysts with immunity of PA poisoning.Fe-N-C-based catalysts have emerged as promising alternatives to Pt-based catalysts,offering significant potential to overcome the characteristic adsorption of phosphate anion on Pt.An overview of these developments provides insights into catalytic mechanisms and facilitates the design of more efficient catalysts.This review begins with an exploration of basic poisoning principles,followed by a critical summary of characterization techniques employed to identified the underlying mechanism of poisoning effect.Attention is then directed to endeavors aimed at enhancing the HT-PEMFC performance by well-designed catalysts.Finally,the opportunities and challenges in developing the anti-PA poisoning strategy and practical HT-PEMFC is discussed.Through these discussions,a comprehensive understanding of PA-poisoning bottlenecks and inspire future research directions is aim to provided.展开更多
Imidacloprid,a neonicotinoid insecticide,is widelyused in agriculture as a safer alternative to highly toxicorganophosphates.It targets nicotinic acetylcholinereceptors in pests and is generally low in toxicity tohuma...Imidacloprid,a neonicotinoid insecticide,is widelyused in agriculture as a safer alternative to highly toxicorganophosphates.It targets nicotinic acetylcholinereceptors in pests and is generally low in toxicity tohumans.However,large ingestions can cause severe,life-threatening complications,with no establishedtreatment protocols.Though rarely fatal,imidaclopridpoisoning is increasingly reported in agricultural regions,particularly in Southeast Asia,with most cases involvingsuicide attempts.展开更多
Objective: We describe patients with MCS, the evolution of the Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI) score with a special focus on people whose fillings were removed. Methods: We have conducte...Objective: We describe patients with MCS, the evolution of the Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI) score with a special focus on people whose fillings were removed. Methods: We have conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study in patients diagnosed with MCS and attended in the outpatient Internal Medicine department of the University Hospital of San Juan de Alicante, from January 1, 2008 to January 1, 2021. Sociodemographic, clinical, QEESI and treatment-related variables were collected. We performed descriptive and inferential analyses. Mixed linear models were used to analyze the QEESI. Calculations were carried out with an α error of 5%. Results: Thirty-three patients were included (72.7% women, mean age 56.2). MCS was mainly triggered by mercury (N = 20) and food intolerance (N = 22). The mean interval from symptoms onset was 120 months (SD 81.6). 114 QEESIs were analyzed: 82 (N = 17 without amalgams) and 32 (N = 16 with amalgams). In patients without amalgams, severity scores increased across all subscales except the masking index (vs. with amalgams). Mean scores for the group without amalgams (vs. with amalgams) were: chemical intolerance, 62.8 points (vs. 63.4 and 46.7);other intolerances, 52.7 points (vs. 62.8 and 50.3);symptom severity, 63.2 (vs. 76.7 and 63.3);masking index, 3.9 (vs. 3.2 and 2.8);and life impacts, 63.1 (vs. 58.4 and 49.8). Conclusion: The profile of patient with MCS is a middle-aged woman who is a frequent user of healthcare services, presents a long diagnostic delay and has borne a great personal, work and socioeconomic impact. The QEESI is useful for the clinical follow-up of patients, including the optimal treatment response in the case of amalgams. Clinical Significance: People affected by Multiple Chemical Sensitivity deserve the attention, understanding and help of health professionals and family members, to face an invisible illness for those who do not suffer from it. Support is needed and doctors must raise awareness, and make an effort to understand and address this pathology. We suggest that protocolized amalgam extraction in accredited and prepared centers can reduce symptoms and improve quality of life, generating clinical, personal, family, occupational, social and occupational benefits.展开更多
Aposematism is an antipredator strategy in which conspicuous coloration acts as a warning of chemical defenses to potential predators.Evidence suggests that aposematism largely functions under positive frequency-depen...Aposematism is an antipredator strategy in which conspicuous coloration acts as a warning of chemical defenses to potential predators.Evidence suggests that aposematism largely functions under positive frequency-dependent selection,which is thought to maintain uniformity of aposematic signals.Many studies of aposematic organisms have found evidence that color signals and defenses are positively correlated,indicating a quantitatively honest aposematic signal.Dendrobatid poison frogs represent a well-studied group of aposematic organisms that in addition to exhibiting a diversity of color signals also display unique defensive behaviors.Few studies have examined if both behavior and coloration act as quantitative honest signals of alkaloid defenses in poison frogs.We aimed to determine if coloration and behavior are quantitatively honest signals in the green and black poison frog(Dendrobates auratus)among 6 populations from Costa Rica.We(1)evaluated antipredator displays by using behavioral assays in the field,(2)assessed frog conspicuousness and pattern using digital images,and(3)quantified alkaloid profiles from frog skin secretions.We found that Pacific populations are less conspicuous in coloration,had greater quantities of alkaloids,and more frequently performed body-raising defensive behaviors when compared with Caribbean populations.Our results do not support the hypothesis that aposematic traits in D.auratus are quantitatively honest.Rather,our results suggest that phenotypic differences among populations may represent different phenotypic optima for advertising unprofitability to predators based on local environmental conditions,leading to the diversification of aposematic signals in this species.展开更多
BACKGROUND:In recent years,with the ban on paraquat,the use of diquat (DQ) as a substitute has significantly increased,leading to a corresponding increase in DQ poisoning cases.This study aimed to identify relevant ri...BACKGROUND:In recent years,with the ban on paraquat,the use of diquat (DQ) as a substitute has significantly increased,leading to a corresponding increase in DQ poisoning cases.This study aimed to identify relevant risk factors affecting patient prognosis and provide a basis for the assessment of patient prognosis.METHODS:Patients with DQ poisoning were included from September 2020 to December2023,and data were extracted from their electronic medical records on the first day of hospitalization.Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and binary multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on the collected clinical data to identify risk factors.RESULTS:A total of 117 patients with acute DQ poisoning were included,and were categorized into two groups based on their 28-day outcomes:survival group (n=67) and non-survival group (n=50).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex,lymphocyte count,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,or blood purification rate (P>0.05).The analysis revealed that age (odds ratio[OR]1.094,95%confidence interval[95%CI]1.022–1.171),blood drug concentration (OR 3.659,95%CI1.846–7.252),lactate (OR 1.686,95%CI 1.062–2.678),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)(OR 1.101,95%CI 1.017–1.192),albumin (OR 1.275,95%CI 1.107–1.468),and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(OR 1.027,95%CI 1.005–1.051) were the risk factors for mortality.CONCLUSION:This study identified key risk factors for 28-day mortality in patients with acute DQ poisoning,which may provide valuable guidance for clinical treatment,particularly for emergency physicians.展开更多
Chlorfenapyr poisoning is associated with high mortality due to the absence of evidence-based treatment strategies or specific antidotes.[1,2]Chlorfenapyr is a novel N-substituted halogenated pyrrole pro-insecticide.T...Chlorfenapyr poisoning is associated with high mortality due to the absence of evidence-based treatment strategies or specific antidotes.[1,2]Chlorfenapyr is a novel N-substituted halogenated pyrrole pro-insecticide.The active metabolite of tralopyril(a metabolite of chlorfenapyr)can uncouple oxidative phosphorylation and impair adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production.[3]Blood purification techniques,including hemoperfusion(HP),may facilitate tralopyril clearance.[4,5]Here,we present a case of severe chlorfenapyr poisoning that was treated with intensive HP.H owever,during follow-up,we unexpectedly found a ventricular aneurysm in the left ventricle that was not fully explained by coronary artery lesions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ethylene glycol(EG)poisoning is often caused by the accidental ingestion of antifreeze.EG is metabolized into glycolate and oxalate and may cause metabolic acidaemia,neurotoxicity,acute kidney injury,and de...BACKGROUND Ethylene glycol(EG)poisoning is often caused by the accidental ingestion of antifreeze.EG is metabolized into glycolate and oxalate and may cause metabolic acidaemia,neurotoxicity,acute kidney injury,and death.A variety of EG poisoning case reports have been published,and we wrote this case report and literature review to summarize the clinical experience of patients who survived EG poisoning.CASE SUMMARY In this case report,a 55-year-old man developed EG poisoning after ingesting antifreeze by accident and experienced acute kidney injury,nervous system dysfunction and inhalation pneumonia.The timely use of ethanol for detoxification,initiation of haemodialysis,and protection of organ function are effective treatment methods for patients with antifreeze poisoning.The patient was discharged in the 3rd week after admission.When discharged,the patient did not report any discomfort,had stable vital signs,did not have fever or diarrhoea,and had improved liver and kidney functions.CONCLUSION A timely diagnosis,haemodialysis,and organ protection are the keys to the successful treatment of poisoned patients.展开更多
Hydrocarbons(HCs)exert toxic effects on the activity of Cu-based zeolite catalysts for NH_(3)-SCR on diesel vehicles.This study inve stigated the hydrocarbon resistance of both fresh and hydrothermally aged high-silic...Hydrocarbons(HCs)exert toxic effects on the activity of Cu-based zeolite catalysts for NH_(3)-SCR on diesel vehicles.This study inve stigated the hydrocarbon resistance of both fresh and hydrothermally aged high-silica Cu-SSZ-16 catalysts.It was found that low-temperature activity of Cu-SSZ-16 catalyst decreased after C_(3)H_(6) poisoning,which was mainly due to the blockage of pore channels and the coverage of Cu active sites as well as acid sites by the formation of carbon deposits.Additionally,[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z was proposed to be more easily affected by C_(3)H_(6) poisoning than Cu^(2+)-2Z.Hydrothermally aged Cu-SSZ-16 presented better C_(3)H_(6) resistance than the fresh catalyst since less carbon deposits were accumulated and[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z species were partially transformed to more-stable Cu^(2+)-2Z in the aged sample.This was probably because of the reduction of acid sites and the formation of CuO_(x),which enhanced the oxidation of C_(3)H_(6),thereby inhibiting the formation of carbon deposits.In addition,the coverage of the active Cu species also influenced the adsorption and oxidation of NO,causing a decrease in low-temperature activity.Thus,the low-temperature activity could be fully recovered by hydrothermal treatment at 500℃due to the removal of carbon deposits and recovery of Cu active sites as well as acid sites.In summary,high-silica CuSSZ-16,with high resistance to HCs and excellent hydrothermal stability,is a competitive candidate as a catalyst for the NH_(3)-SCR reaction in practical application.展开更多
The susceptibility of Pt catalyst surfaces to carbon monoxide(CO)poisoning in anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)has been a critical constraint on the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Eff...The susceptibility of Pt catalyst surfaces to carbon monoxide(CO)poisoning in anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)has been a critical constraint on the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Effectively regulating the electronic structure of Pt to enhance CO resistance is crucial for developing high-performance catalysts with robust anti-poisoning capabilities.Herein,the Pt/W@NCNF featured by Pt nanoparticles and atomical dispersed tungsten(W)sites on N-doped carbon nanofibers is developed for CO tolerance HOR catalyst.The presence of W enables the electron transfer from Pt,which promotes electron rearrangement in the Pt-5d orbitals.It not only optimizes the adsorption of H^(*) and CO^(*)on Pt,but also the OH^(*) intermediates adsorbed on the W sites oxidize the CO*adsorbed on Pt,thereby retaining more active sites for H_(2) adsorption and oxidation.The HOR exchange current density of Pt/W@NCNF reaches 1.35 times that of commercial Pt/C,and the limiting current density decreases by only 3.4%after introducing 1000 ppm CO in H_(2).Notably,the Pt/W@NCNF-based PEMFCs deliver markedly superior performance across a range of CO concentrations.The present study demonstrates that electronic modulation of Pt is an effective strategy for simultaneously achieving resistance to CO and promoted HOR activity.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND: Prognostic value of cortisol and thyroid function tests(TFTs) has previously been evaluated in medical ICUs. We aimed to evaluate prognostic efficacy of cortisol and TFTs in critically ill poisoned patients admitted to toxicology intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS: In a prospective study of consecutively enrolled subjects admitted to the toxicology ICU, lab analyses included TFTs(total T3 and T4 as well as TSH) and cortisol levels drawn between 8 am–10 am during period of the first 24 hours post-ingestion/exposure. Simplified Acute Physiology Score Ⅱ(SAPS Ⅱ) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) were recorded. All scores were compared to detect the best prognostic factor. Type of poisoning was also included.RESULTS: In 200 patients evaluated, 129 were male and mean age was 31 years. In general, SAPS Ⅱ, T4, and cortisol could prognosticate death. After regression analysis, only cortisol had such efficacy(P=0.04; OR=1.06; 95%CI=1.05–1.08; cut-off=42 μg/d L; sensitivity=70%; specificity=82%). Between aluminium phosphide(ALP)-and non ALP-poisoned patients, level of consciousness, mean arterial pressure, and cortisol level could prognosticate death in ALP poisoning(all Ps<0.001 in both uni and multivariate analyses). Median(interquartile range; IQR) GCS was 7(6, 10) and 15(8, 15) in non-ALP and ALP-poisoned patients(P<0.003). SAPS Ⅱ and APACHE Ⅱ could not prognosticate death at all.CONCLUSION: Cortisol best prognosticated outcomes for subjects admitted to the toxicology ICU. Its level is higher in ALP-poisoned patients probably due to the higher stress while they remain conscious till the final stages of toxicity and are aware of deterioration of their clinical condition or may be due to their significantly lower blood pressures.
文摘BACKGROUND： Paraquat （PQ） is an effective herbicide and is widely used in agricultural production, but PQ poisoning is frequently seen in humans with the lung as the target organ. Clinically pulmonary pathological changes are often used to predict the severity and prognosis of the patients. In this study, we observed the expression of heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） in rat lung after PQ poisoning and to investigate the therapeutic effects of ulinastatin.METHODS： Seventy-two adult healthy SD rats were randomly divided into a control group （group A, n=24）, a poisoning group （group B, n=24）, and an ulinastatin group （group C, n=24）. The rat models of acute PQ poisoning were established by intra-gastric administration of 80 mg/kg PQ to rats of groups B and C, and the rats of group C were intra-peritoneally injected with 100 000 IU/kg ulinastatin 30 minutes after poisoning. The expression of HSP70 in lung tissue was observed, and W/D and histopathological changes in the lung tissue were compared 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after poisoning. The expression of HSP70 in the lung tissue was assayed by using RT-PCR. All quantitative data were processed with one-way analysis of variance to compare multiple sample means.RESULTS： Compared to group A, the expression of HSP70 in the lung of rats in groups B and C increased signi？ cantly at all intervals （P〈0.05）. The pathological changes in lung tissue of rats with PQ poisoning included congestion, leukocytes in？ ltration and local hemorrhage, whereas those of group C were signi？ cantly lessened.CONCLUSION： Ulinastatin may ameliorate acute lung injury to some extent after PQ poisoning in rats by enhancing the expression of HSP70.
文摘BACKGROUND： With the development of industry and agriculture, organotin compounds have been widely used in China. Organotin compounds cause a common occupational poisoning. The toxicity of organotin was reported in animal studies; however the reports about human organotin intoxication are very rare. In this study we retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations of 15 organotin-poisoned patients who had been treated at our hospital from 2002 through 2007.METHODS： Fifteen patients with organotin poisoning were admitted to Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from 2002 to 2007. They were 9 males and 6 females, aged from 25 to 52 years. Clinical manifestations and Glasgow Coma Scales showed that the poisoning was mild in 4 patients, moderate in 6 and severe in 5. The severe patients were given glucocorticoid after hospitalization by intravenous guttae of 500 mg methylprednisolone for the first day, followed by 160 mg methylprednisolone per day for three days, and then 80 mg methylprednisolone per day for another three days. Potassium glutamate and sodium glutamate were intravenously dripped to reduce blood ammonia; intravenous guttae plus oral administration of potassium 9 g/day was used to correct intractable hypokalemia; sodium bicarbonate was used to correct metabolic acidosis, and sedatives were used to control spasm and twitch; mechanical ventilators were used in 4 patients with dyspnea.RESULTS： Most of the patients showed elevated level of blood ammonia, decreased level of blood potassium and metabolic acidosis, but some had demyelination changes shown by CT and MRI. Treatments included correction of metabolic acids, blood potassium and ammonia, and mechanical ventilation when necessary. For patients with injuries of the nervous system, glucocorticoids were given immediately after hospitalization. These patients showed intractable hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis during the treatment. Forteen patients recovered completely without long-term side-effect. One patient in the aphasiac stage restored the linguistic capacity during a 6-month follow-up.CONCLUSION： Elevated level of blood ammonia, decresed level of blood potassium, and metabolic acidosis are common in patients with organotin poisoning. Demyelination can be observed in patients with severe poisoning. The abnormalities of the patients are reversible alter suitable treatments.
文摘Objective: to analyze the effect of first aid treatment with pralidoxime injection on organophosphorus pesticide poisoned patients. Methods: dividing 60 organophosphorus pesticide poisoned patients in our hospital from February 2017 to April 2021 into research group and control group according to random number table method, 30 cases in each group, and performing routine emergency treatment with pralidoxime injection intervention, performing intravenous drip to patients in control group, performing after-loading intravenous drip to patients in research group, and comparing and analyzing the first aid effect and improvement of myocardial enzyme level between two groups. Results: the resuscitation time and AchE activity recovery time of patients in research group were shorter than those in control group after first aid, and the levels of cTnI and CK were lower than those in control group after first aid, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: on the basis of conventional emergency intervention for organophosphorus pesticide poisoned patients, after-loading pralidoxime injection intravenous infusion can effectively improve emergency treatment effect, and promote recovery of patients' resuscitation and myocardial enzyme level.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279018)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22005055)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J01085).
文摘Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poisoning of air electrodes,causing substantial degradation in electrochemical performance and compromising the longterm stability of SOCs.This mini-review examines the mechanism of Cr deposition and poisoning in air electrodes under both fuel-cell and electrolysis modes.Furthermore,emphasis is placed on the recent advancements in strategies to mitigate Cr poisoning,offering insights into the rational design and development of active and Cr-tolerant air electrodes for SOCs.
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have great promise for next-generation energy storage devices due to the high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh g^(-1))of sulfur with chemical conversion for charge storage.However,their practical use is hindered by the slow redox kinetics of sulfur and the“shuttle effect”arising from dissolved lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).In recent years,various carbon-based materials have served as sulfur hosts and catalysts for accelerating sulfur conversion redox kinetics and alleviating LiPS shuttling.However,they often suffer from irreversible passivation and structural changes that destroy their long-term performance.We consider the main problems limiting their stability,including excessive LiPS adsorption,passivation by insulating Li2S,and surface reconstruction,and clarify how these factors lead to capacity fade.We then outline effective strategies for achieving long-term sulfur catalysis,focusing on functional carbon,such as designing suitable carbon-supported catalyst interfaces,creating well-distributed active sites,adding cocatalysts to improve electron transfer,and using carbon-based protective layers to suppress unwanted side reactions.Using this information should enable the development of stable,high-activity catalysts capable of long-term operation under practical conditions in Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ31089)the Scientific Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province(202203104548),China。
文摘Objective:The neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide(CO)to the central nervous system is a key pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Our previous study found that retinoic acid(RA)can suppress the neurotoxic effects of CO.This study further explores,in vivo and in vitro,the molecular mechanisms by which RA alleviates CO-induced central nervous system damage.Methods:A cytotoxic model was established using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and primary oligodendrocytes exposed to CO,and a DEACMP animal model was established in adult Kunming mice.Cell viability and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI)double staining.The transcriptional and protein expression of each gene was detected using real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting.Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)SNHG15 and LINGO-1 were knocked down or overexpressed to observe changes in neurons and oligodendrocytes.In DEACMP mice,SNHG15 or LINGO-1 were knocked down to assess changes in central nervous tissue and downstream protein expression.Results:RA at 10 and 20μmol/L significantly reversed CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,downregulation of SNHG15 and LINGO-1,and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and tyrosine kinase receptor B(TrkB)(all P<0.05).Overexpression of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 weakened the protective effect of RA against CO-induced cytotoxicity(all P<0.05).Knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 alleviated CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes and upregulated BDNF and TrkB expression levels(all P<0.05).Experiments in DEACMP model mice showed that knockdown of SNHG15 or LINGO-1 mitigated central nervous system injury in DEACMP(all P<0.05).Conclusion:RA alleviates CO-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and oligodendrocytes,thereby reducing central nervous system injury and exerting neuroprotective effects.LncRNA SNHG15 and LINGO-1 are key molecules mediating RA induced inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and are associated with the BDNF/TrkB pathway.These findings provide a theoretical framework for optimizing the clinical treatment of DEACMP and lay an experimental foundation for elucidating its molecular mechanisms.
文摘BACKGROUND Organophosphate(OP)poisoning is common in sub-Saharan Africa.It is asso-ciated with high mortality and morbidity.Affected individuals often exhibit cho-linergic symptoms and respiratory distress.Moreover,other complications,such as pancreatitis,arrhythmias,and hepatic dysfunction,have been reported.How-ever,paralytic ileus is an exceedingly rare complication.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 5-year-old boy who presented with altered sensorium and abdominal distension following suspected OP exposure.Physical examination and imaging revealed features of intestinal obstruction and neurological deficits.He was managed with atropine,pralidoxime,and other supportive measures and had a successful recovery.Paralytic ileus is an atypical complication of acute OP poisoning.The resultant intestinal obstruction manifests as cholinergic overac-tivity,leading to bowel dysmotility.This case emphasizes the need for awareness and prompt management of such atypical presentations,especially in the pe-diatric population.CONCLUSION Timely recognition and multidisciplinary management of atypical presentations,such as paralytic ileus,are crucial in improving outcomes in pediatric OP poi-soning.
文摘Rationale:Advances in sleep research have introduced medications like lemborexant,a dual orexin receptor antagonist.While effective for regulating sleep,overdoses are a concern,especially in suicide attempts.However,limited data exist on lemborexant overdose,prompting this case report to elucidate its clinical course.Patient’s Concern:A 91-year-old Japanese woman with multiple comorbidities,including insomnia and chronic kidney disease,was admitted after ingesting 315 mg of lemborexant in a suicide attempt.Diagnosis:Lemborexant overdose.Interventions:Supportive care with 500 mL of Ringer’s acetate solution at the emergency room.Outcomes:She gradually regained full consciousness with no residual deficits.Due to persistent suicidal ideation,she was transferred to a psychiatric hospital after seven days of supportive care.Lessons:A review of four lemborexant overdose cases managed at our hospital revealed that overdoses primarily induce altered consciousness and are unlikely to cause organ dysfunction.Supportive care is generally sufficient for management.However,given the limited data,further case accumulation is needed to enhance clinical understanding.
文摘Investigating highly effective electrocatalysts for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFC)requires the resistance to phosphate acid(PA)poisoning at cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Recent advancements in catalysts have focused on alleviating phosphoric anion adsorption on Pt-based catalysts with modified electronic structure or catalytic interface and developing Fe-N-C based catalysts with immunity of PA poisoning.Fe-N-C-based catalysts have emerged as promising alternatives to Pt-based catalysts,offering significant potential to overcome the characteristic adsorption of phosphate anion on Pt.An overview of these developments provides insights into catalytic mechanisms and facilitates the design of more efficient catalysts.This review begins with an exploration of basic poisoning principles,followed by a critical summary of characterization techniques employed to identified the underlying mechanism of poisoning effect.Attention is then directed to endeavors aimed at enhancing the HT-PEMFC performance by well-designed catalysts.Finally,the opportunities and challenges in developing the anti-PA poisoning strategy and practical HT-PEMFC is discussed.Through these discussions,a comprehensive understanding of PA-poisoning bottlenecks and inspire future research directions is aim to provided.
文摘Imidacloprid,a neonicotinoid insecticide,is widelyused in agriculture as a safer alternative to highly toxicorganophosphates.It targets nicotinic acetylcholinereceptors in pests and is generally low in toxicity tohumans.However,large ingestions can cause severe,life-threatening complications,with no establishedtreatment protocols.Though rarely fatal,imidaclopridpoisoning is increasingly reported in agricultural regions,particularly in Southeast Asia,with most cases involvingsuicide attempts.
文摘Objective: We describe patients with MCS, the evolution of the Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI) score with a special focus on people whose fillings were removed. Methods: We have conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study in patients diagnosed with MCS and attended in the outpatient Internal Medicine department of the University Hospital of San Juan de Alicante, from January 1, 2008 to January 1, 2021. Sociodemographic, clinical, QEESI and treatment-related variables were collected. We performed descriptive and inferential analyses. Mixed linear models were used to analyze the QEESI. Calculations were carried out with an α error of 5%. Results: Thirty-three patients were included (72.7% women, mean age 56.2). MCS was mainly triggered by mercury (N = 20) and food intolerance (N = 22). The mean interval from symptoms onset was 120 months (SD 81.6). 114 QEESIs were analyzed: 82 (N = 17 without amalgams) and 32 (N = 16 with amalgams). In patients without amalgams, severity scores increased across all subscales except the masking index (vs. with amalgams). Mean scores for the group without amalgams (vs. with amalgams) were: chemical intolerance, 62.8 points (vs. 63.4 and 46.7);other intolerances, 52.7 points (vs. 62.8 and 50.3);symptom severity, 63.2 (vs. 76.7 and 63.3);masking index, 3.9 (vs. 3.2 and 2.8);and life impacts, 63.1 (vs. 58.4 and 49.8). Conclusion: The profile of patient with MCS is a middle-aged woman who is a frequent user of healthcare services, presents a long diagnostic delay and has borne a great personal, work and socioeconomic impact. The QEESI is useful for the clinical follow-up of patients, including the optimal treatment response in the case of amalgams. Clinical Significance: People affected by Multiple Chemical Sensitivity deserve the attention, understanding and help of health professionals and family members, to face an invisible illness for those who do not suffer from it. Support is needed and doctors must raise awareness, and make an effort to understand and address this pathology. We suggest that protocolized amalgam extraction in accredited and prepared centers can reduce symptoms and improve quality of life, generating clinical, personal, family, occupational, social and occupational benefits.
基金funded by 2 grants awarded to KPB(Animal Behavior Society,Student Research Grant and Sigma Xi,Grants-in-Aid of Research)funding from John Carroll University.
文摘Aposematism is an antipredator strategy in which conspicuous coloration acts as a warning of chemical defenses to potential predators.Evidence suggests that aposematism largely functions under positive frequency-dependent selection,which is thought to maintain uniformity of aposematic signals.Many studies of aposematic organisms have found evidence that color signals and defenses are positively correlated,indicating a quantitatively honest aposematic signal.Dendrobatid poison frogs represent a well-studied group of aposematic organisms that in addition to exhibiting a diversity of color signals also display unique defensive behaviors.Few studies have examined if both behavior and coloration act as quantitative honest signals of alkaloid defenses in poison frogs.We aimed to determine if coloration and behavior are quantitatively honest signals in the green and black poison frog(Dendrobates auratus)among 6 populations from Costa Rica.We(1)evaluated antipredator displays by using behavioral assays in the field,(2)assessed frog conspicuousness and pattern using digital images,and(3)quantified alkaloid profiles from frog skin secretions.We found that Pacific populations are less conspicuous in coloration,had greater quantities of alkaloids,and more frequently performed body-raising defensive behaviors when compared with Caribbean populations.Our results do not support the hypothesis that aposematic traits in D.auratus are quantitatively honest.Rather,our results suggest that phenotypic differences among populations may represent different phenotypic optima for advertising unprofitability to predators based on local environmental conditions,leading to the diversification of aposematic signals in this species.
基金supported by Tianjin Municipal Medical Key Construction Project Funding (TJYXZDXK-007A)the Beijing Union Medical Foundation-Rui E Emergency Medicine Research Funding (PUMF01010010-2024-18)。
文摘BACKGROUND:In recent years,with the ban on paraquat,the use of diquat (DQ) as a substitute has significantly increased,leading to a corresponding increase in DQ poisoning cases.This study aimed to identify relevant risk factors affecting patient prognosis and provide a basis for the assessment of patient prognosis.METHODS:Patients with DQ poisoning were included from September 2020 to December2023,and data were extracted from their electronic medical records on the first day of hospitalization.Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and binary multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on the collected clinical data to identify risk factors.RESULTS:A total of 117 patients with acute DQ poisoning were included,and were categorized into two groups based on their 28-day outcomes:survival group (n=67) and non-survival group (n=50).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex,lymphocyte count,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,or blood purification rate (P>0.05).The analysis revealed that age (odds ratio[OR]1.094,95%confidence interval[95%CI]1.022–1.171),blood drug concentration (OR 3.659,95%CI1.846–7.252),lactate (OR 1.686,95%CI 1.062–2.678),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)(OR 1.101,95%CI 1.017–1.192),albumin (OR 1.275,95%CI 1.107–1.468),and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(OR 1.027,95%CI 1.005–1.051) were the risk factors for mortality.CONCLUSION:This study identified key risk factors for 28-day mortality in patients with acute DQ poisoning,which may provide valuable guidance for clinical treatment,particularly for emergency physicians.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3603100 and 2023YFC3603105)"Leading Goose"R&D Program of Zhejiang(2022C03076-4).
文摘Chlorfenapyr poisoning is associated with high mortality due to the absence of evidence-based treatment strategies or specific antidotes.[1,2]Chlorfenapyr is a novel N-substituted halogenated pyrrole pro-insecticide.The active metabolite of tralopyril(a metabolite of chlorfenapyr)can uncouple oxidative phosphorylation and impair adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production.[3]Blood purification techniques,including hemoperfusion(HP),may facilitate tralopyril clearance.[4,5]Here,we present a case of severe chlorfenapyr poisoning that was treated with intensive HP.H owever,during follow-up,we unexpectedly found a ventricular aneurysm in the left ventricle that was not fully explained by coronary artery lesions.
文摘BACKGROUND Ethylene glycol(EG)poisoning is often caused by the accidental ingestion of antifreeze.EG is metabolized into glycolate and oxalate and may cause metabolic acidaemia,neurotoxicity,acute kidney injury,and death.A variety of EG poisoning case reports have been published,and we wrote this case report and literature review to summarize the clinical experience of patients who survived EG poisoning.CASE SUMMARY In this case report,a 55-year-old man developed EG poisoning after ingesting antifreeze by accident and experienced acute kidney injury,nervous system dysfunction and inhalation pneumonia.The timely use of ethanol for detoxification,initiation of haemodialysis,and protection of organ function are effective treatment methods for patients with antifreeze poisoning.The patient was discharged in the 3rd week after admission.When discharged,the patient did not report any discomfort,had stable vital signs,did not have fever or diarrhoea,and had improved liver and kidney functions.CONCLUSION A timely diagnosis,haemodialysis,and organ protection are the keys to the successful treatment of poisoned patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52225004,22402220,and 52200136)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFC3704400 and 2022YFC3701804)the Construction Project of National New Material Production and Application Demonstration Platform(No.TC220H06N)。
文摘Hydrocarbons(HCs)exert toxic effects on the activity of Cu-based zeolite catalysts for NH_(3)-SCR on diesel vehicles.This study inve stigated the hydrocarbon resistance of both fresh and hydrothermally aged high-silica Cu-SSZ-16 catalysts.It was found that low-temperature activity of Cu-SSZ-16 catalyst decreased after C_(3)H_(6) poisoning,which was mainly due to the blockage of pore channels and the coverage of Cu active sites as well as acid sites by the formation of carbon deposits.Additionally,[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z was proposed to be more easily affected by C_(3)H_(6) poisoning than Cu^(2+)-2Z.Hydrothermally aged Cu-SSZ-16 presented better C_(3)H_(6) resistance than the fresh catalyst since less carbon deposits were accumulated and[Cu(OH)]^(+)-Z species were partially transformed to more-stable Cu^(2+)-2Z in the aged sample.This was probably because of the reduction of acid sites and the formation of CuO_(x),which enhanced the oxidation of C_(3)H_(6),thereby inhibiting the formation of carbon deposits.In addition,the coverage of the active Cu species also influenced the adsorption and oxidation of NO,causing a decrease in low-temperature activity.Thus,the low-temperature activity could be fully recovered by hydrothermal treatment at 500℃due to the removal of carbon deposits and recovery of Cu active sites as well as acid sites.In summary,high-silica CuSSZ-16,with high resistance to HCs and excellent hydrothermal stability,is a competitive candidate as a catalyst for the NH_(3)-SCR reaction in practical application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179034,22279030)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(ZD2023B002).
文摘The susceptibility of Pt catalyst surfaces to carbon monoxide(CO)poisoning in anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)has been a critical constraint on the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Effectively regulating the electronic structure of Pt to enhance CO resistance is crucial for developing high-performance catalysts with robust anti-poisoning capabilities.Herein,the Pt/W@NCNF featured by Pt nanoparticles and atomical dispersed tungsten(W)sites on N-doped carbon nanofibers is developed for CO tolerance HOR catalyst.The presence of W enables the electron transfer from Pt,which promotes electron rearrangement in the Pt-5d orbitals.It not only optimizes the adsorption of H^(*) and CO^(*)on Pt,but also the OH^(*) intermediates adsorbed on the W sites oxidize the CO*adsorbed on Pt,thereby retaining more active sites for H_(2) adsorption and oxidation.The HOR exchange current density of Pt/W@NCNF reaches 1.35 times that of commercial Pt/C,and the limiting current density decreases by only 3.4%after introducing 1000 ppm CO in H_(2).Notably,the Pt/W@NCNF-based PEMFCs deliver markedly superior performance across a range of CO concentrations.The present study demonstrates that electronic modulation of Pt is an effective strategy for simultaneously achieving resistance to CO and promoted HOR activity.
