A subject who wears a suitable robotic device will be able to walk in complex environments with the aid of environmental recognition schemes that provide reliable prior information of the human motion intent.Researche...A subject who wears a suitable robotic device will be able to walk in complex environments with the aid of environmental recognition schemes that provide reliable prior information of the human motion intent.Researchers have utilized 1 D laser signals and 2 D depth images to classify environments,but those approaches can face the problems of self-occlusion.In comparison,3 D point cloud is more appropriate for depicting the environments.This paper proposes a directional PointNet to directly classify the 3 D point cloud.First,an inertial measurement unit(IMU)is used to offset the orientation of point cloud.Then the directional PointNet can accurately classify the daily commuted terrains,including level ground,climbing up stairways,and walking down stairs.A classification accuracy of 98%has been achieved in tests.Moreover,the directional PointNet is more efficient than the previously used PointNet because the T-net,which is utilized to estimate the transformation of the point cloud,is not used in the present approach,and the length of the global feature is optimized.The experimental results demonstrate that the directional PointNet can classify the environments in robust and efficient manner.展开更多
Internet Exchange Point(IXP)is a system that increases network bandwidth performance.Internet exchange points facilitate interconnection among network providers,including Internet Service Providers(ISPs)andContent Del...Internet Exchange Point(IXP)is a system that increases network bandwidth performance.Internet exchange points facilitate interconnection among network providers,including Internet Service Providers(ISPs)andContent Delivery Providers(CDNs).To improve service management,Internet exchange point providers have adopted the Software Defined Network(SDN)paradigm.This implementation is known as a Software-Defined Exchange Point(SDX).It improves network providers’operations and management.However,performance issues still exist,particularly with multi-hop topologies.These issues include switch memory costs,packet processing latency,and link failure recovery delays.The paper proposes Enhanced Link Failure Rerouting(ELFR),an improved mechanism for rerouting link failures in software-defined exchange point networks.The proposed mechanism aims to minimize packet processing time for fast link failure recovery and enhance path calculation efficiency while reducing switch storage overhead by exploiting the Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors(P4)features.The paper presents the proposed mechanisms’efficiency by utilizing advanced algorithms and demonstrating improved performance in packet processing speed,path calculation effectiveness,and switch storage management compared to current mechanisms.The proposed mechanism shows significant improvements,leading to a 37.5%decrease in Recovery Time(RT)and a 33.33%decrease in both Calculation Time(CT)and Computational Overhead(CO)when compared to current mechanisms.The study highlights the effectiveness and resource efficiency of the proposed mechanism in effectively resolving crucial issues inmulti-hop software-defined exchange point networks.展开更多
3D laser scanning technology is widely used in underground openings for high-precision,rapid,and nondestructive structural evaluations.Segmenting large 3D point cloud datasets,particularly in coal mine roadways with m...3D laser scanning technology is widely used in underground openings for high-precision,rapid,and nondestructive structural evaluations.Segmenting large 3D point cloud datasets,particularly in coal mine roadways with multi-scale targets,remains challenging.This paper proposes an enhanced segmentation method integrating improved PointNet++with a coverage-voted strategy.The coverage-voted strategy reduces data while preserving multi-scale target topology.The segmentation is achieved using an enhanced PointNet++algorithm with a normalization preprocessing head,resulting in a 94%accuracy for common supporting components.Ablation experiments show that the preprocessing head and coverage strategies increase segmentation accuracy by 20%and 2%,respectively,and improve Intersection over Union(IoU)for bearing plate segmentation by 58%and 20%.The accuracy of the current pretraining segmentation model may be affected by variations in surface support components,but it can be readily enhanced through re-optimization with additional labeled point cloud data.This proposed method,combined with a previously developed machine learning model that links rock bolt load and the deformation field of its bearing plate,provides a robust technique for simultaneously measuring the load of multiple rock bolts in a single laser scan.展开更多
The success of robot-assisted pelvic fracture reduction surgery heavily relies on the accuracy of 3D/3D feature-based registration.This process involves extracting anatomical feature points from pre-operative 3D image...The success of robot-assisted pelvic fracture reduction surgery heavily relies on the accuracy of 3D/3D feature-based registration.This process involves extracting anatomical feature points from pre-operative 3D images which can be challenging because of the complex and variable structure of the pelvis.PointMLP_RegNet,a modified PointMLP,was introduced to address this issue.It retains the feature extraction module of PointMLP but replaces the classification layer with a regression layer to predict the coordinates of feature points instead of conducting regular classification.A flowchart for an automatic feature points extraction method was presented,and a series of experiments was conducted on a clinical pelvic dataset to confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the method.PointMLP_RegNet extracted feature points more accurately,with 8 out of 10 points showing less than 4 mm errors and the remaining two less than 5 mm.Compared to PointNettt and PointNet,it exhibited higher accuracy,robustness and space efficiency.The proposed method will improve the accuracy of anatomical feature points extraction,enhance intra-operative registration precision and facilitate the widespread clinical application of robot-assisted pelvic fracture reduction.展开更多
Task-oriented point cloud sampling aims to select a representative subset from the input,tailored to specific application scenarios and task requirements.However,existing approaches rarely tackle the problem of redund...Task-oriented point cloud sampling aims to select a representative subset from the input,tailored to specific application scenarios and task requirements.However,existing approaches rarely tackle the problem of redundancy caused by local structural similarities in 3D objects,which limits the performance of sampling.To address this issue,this paper introduces a novel task-oriented point cloud masked autoencoder-based sampling network(Point-MASNet),inspired by the masked autoencoder mechanism.Point-MASNet employs a voxel-based random non-overlapping masking strategy,which allows the model to selectively learn and capture distinctive local structural features from the input data.This approach effectively mitigates redundancy and enhances the representativeness of the sampled subset.In addition,we propose a lightweight,symmetrically structured keypoint reconstruction network,designed as an autoencoder.This network is optimized to efficiently extract latent features while enabling refined reconstructions.Extensive experiments demonstrate that Point-MASNet achieves competitive sampling performance across classification,registration,and reconstruction tasks.展开更多
Understanding the conformational characteristics of polymers is key to elucidating their physical properties.Cyclic polymers,defined by their closed-loop structures,inherently differ from linear polymers possessing di...Understanding the conformational characteristics of polymers is key to elucidating their physical properties.Cyclic polymers,defined by their closed-loop structures,inherently differ from linear polymers possessing distinct chain ends.Despite these structural differences,both types of polymers exhibit locally random-walk-like conformations,making it challenging to detect subtle spatial variations using conventional methods.In this study,we address this challenge by integrating molecular dynamics simulations with point cloud neural networks to analyze the spatial conformations of cyclic and linear polymers.By utilizing the Dynamic Graph CNN(DGCNN)model,we classify polymer conformations based on the 3D coordinates of monomers,capturing local and global topological differences without considering chain connectivity sequentiality.Our findings reveal that the optimal local structural feature unit size scales linearly with molecular weight,aligning with theoretical predictions.Additionally,interpretability techniques such as Grad-CAM and SHAP identify significant conformational differences:cyclic polymers tend to form prolate ellipsoid shapes with pronounced elongation along the major axis,while linear polymers show elongated ends with more spherical centers.These findings reveal subtle yet critical differences in local conformations between cyclic and linear polymers that were previously difficult to discern,providing deeper insights into polymer structure-property relationships and offering guidance for future polymer science advancements.展开更多
In order to solve the problem that the star point positioning accuracy of the star sensor in near space is decreased due to atmospheric background stray light and rapid maneuvering of platform, this paper proposes a s...In order to solve the problem that the star point positioning accuracy of the star sensor in near space is decreased due to atmospheric background stray light and rapid maneuvering of platform, this paper proposes a star point positioning algorithm based on the capsule network whose input and output are both vectors. First, a PCTL (Probability-Coordinate Transformation Layer) is designed to represent the mapping relationship between the probability output of the capsule network and the star point sub-pixel coordinates. Then, Coordconv Layer is introduced to implement explicit encoding of space information and the probability is used as the centroid weight to achieve the conversion between probability and star point sub-pixel coordinates, which improves the network’s ability to perceive star point positions. Finally, based on the dynamic imaging principle of star sensors and the characteristics of near-space environment, a star map dataset for algorithm training and testing is constructed. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of the star point positioning by 36.1% and 41.7% respectively compared with the traditional algorithm. The research results can provide important theory and technical support for the scheme design, index demonstration, test and evaluation of large dynamic star sensors in near space.展开更多
To transmit customer power data collected by smart meters(SMs)to utility companies,data must first be transmitted to the corresponding data aggregation point(DAP)of the SM.The number of DAPs installed and the installa...To transmit customer power data collected by smart meters(SMs)to utility companies,data must first be transmitted to the corresponding data aggregation point(DAP)of the SM.The number of DAPs installed and the installation location greatly impact the whole network.For the traditional DAP placement algorithm,the number of DAPs must be set in advance,but determining the best number of DAPs is difficult,which undoubtedly reduces the overall performance of the network.Moreover,the excessive gap between the loads of different DAPs is also an important factor affecting the quality of the network.To address the above problems,this paper proposes a DAP placement algorithm,APSSA,based on the improved affinity propagation(AP)algorithm and sparrow search(SSA)algorithm,which can select the appropriate number of DAPs to be installed and the corresponding installation locations according to the number of SMs and their distribution locations in different environments.The algorithm adds an allocation mechanism to optimize the subnetwork in the SSA.APSSA is evaluated under three different areas and compared with other DAP placement algorithms.The experimental results validated that the method in this paper can reduce the network cost,shorten the average transmission distance,and reduce the load gap.展开更多
The mutual coupling of structure and magnetism is crucial for Heusler alloys.In this paper,Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(16-x)Ga_(x)(0≤x≤16)alloys were prepared by arc melting.Based on the test results of structure and magnetis...The mutual coupling of structure and magnetism is crucial for Heusler alloys.In this paper,Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(16-x)Ga_(x)(0≤x≤16)alloys were prepared by arc melting.Based on the test results of structure and magnetism,the magnetic-structural phase diagram of Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(16-x)Ga_(x)(0≤x≤16)was drawn.The structure changes from cubic to monoclinic and finally to tetragonal as the x increases at room temperature.Its phase diagram shows a morphotropic phase boundary(MPB)starting from a tricritical triple point(around the Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(5)Ga_(11)alloy)of a cubic paramagnetic phase,ferromagnetic monoclinic,and antiferromagnetic tetragonal phases.And Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(5)Ga_(11)alloy has experienced five different phase states:paramagnetic austenite→ferromagnetic austenite→antiferromagnetic martensite→ferromagnetic martensite→spin glass as the temperature decreased.Further study of the alloys’magnetostrictive properties near the MPB showed that as x increases,a negative strain initially appears,followed by a W-type that crosses negative and positive strains,and then a positive strain.This is caused by the inconsistency in the speed and degree of magnetic domain walls response with monoclinic and tetragonal coexisting structures.This indicates that coupling between structure and magnetism is critical to the properties of materials.This work provides valuable insights into the magnetostrictive behavior and structural evolution of Heusler alloys,particularly in the context of MPB systems,and offers guidance for the design and optimization of material properties through controlled magnetic-structural interactions.Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the title.The edit made in the title has been confirmed to be accurate.展开更多
Following the publication of Liu et al.(2024),an error was identified in Figure 4B,in which the image representing the lung from the E529G group was inadvertently duplicated with the image of the lung from the WT grou...Following the publication of Liu et al.(2024),an error was identified in Figure 4B,in which the image representing the lung from the E529G group was inadvertently duplicated with the image of the lung from the WT group during figure preparation.展开更多
The system consisting of(2+1)-dimensional quasirelativistic birefringent Dirac fermions with Coulomb interactions and retarded current–current interactions is described by a quantum field theory similar to reduced qu...The system consisting of(2+1)-dimensional quasirelativistic birefringent Dirac fermions with Coulomb interactions and retarded current–current interactions is described by a quantum field theory similar to reduced quantum electrodynamics.We used the perturbative renormalization group method to study the low-energy behavior of the system and found that it flows to a fixed point of the non-Fermi liquid composed of relativistic pseudospin-1/2 Dirac fermions in the deep infrared limit.At the fixed point,the fermion Green function exhibits a finite anomalous dimension,and the residue of the quasiparticle pole vanishes in a power-law fashion.Our research provides new theoretical perspectives for understanding the origin of spin-1/2 fermions in the standard model.展开更多
The correlation between the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity(SMOS)L-band brightness temperature and thin sea ice thickness has been widely exploited using semi-empirical retrieval approaches based on a single-tie poin...The correlation between the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity(SMOS)L-band brightness temperature and thin sea ice thickness has been widely exploited using semi-empirical retrieval approaches based on a single-tie point(STP).However,due to pronounced spatial heterogeneity in seawater and sea ice properties across the Arctic,the use of an STP often leads to regionally biased.To address this limitation,this study proposes a multi-tie point(MTP)sea ice thickness retrieval method based on SMOS brightness temperature and sea ice concentration time series.Multiple seawater and sea ice tie-point values are identified through point-by-point time series analysis,quality control,and statistical hypothesis testing,allowing spatial variability in radiometric properties to be explicitly considered.The MTP-based retrieval is applied to Arctic freeze-up conditions.Validation against independent SMOS thin sea ice thickness products shows that the MTP approach yields significantly reduced bias and root mean square error compared with the conventional STP method,with statistically significant improvements confirmed by paired t-tests.While retrieval accuracy stabilizes beyond a certain number of tie points,the preprocessing cost associated with tie-point selection increases substantially.Considering both accuracy and efficiency,the MTP framework provides a practical and robust approach for large-scale Arctic thin sea ice thickness retrieval and enables improved characterization of regional freezing processes and maximum ice thickness.展开更多
Objective To investigate whether Tuina alleviates fibrotic symptoms in myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)by regulating transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,thereby deactivating these points.Method...Objective To investigate whether Tuina alleviates fibrotic symptoms in myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)by regulating transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,thereby deactivating these points.Methods This study comprised two experimental phases.In phase 1,27 specific pathogenfree(SPF)grade female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomized into three groups:control 1,model 1,and Tuina 1 groups.Model 1 and Tuina 1 groups underwent an 8-week MTrPs modeling protocol involving blunt impact and eccentric exercise.After successful modeling,rats in Tuina 1 group received manual pressing on nodules or cord-like taut bands on the medial aspect of the left hindlimb.Pain sensitivity and tissue stiffness were evaluated via pressure pain threshold(PPT)and soft tissue tension(STT).Muscle histopathology and fibrosis were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Masson staining.Inflammatory factors in muscle were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),while immunofluorescence(IF)and Western blot(WB)were used to detect the expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagenⅢ,and TGF-β1.In phase 2,45 SPF female SD rats were randomized into five groups:control 2,model 2,Tuina 2,TGF-β1 inhibitor(TI),and Tuina+TGF-β1 agonist(Tuina+TA)groups.All groups except control 2 underwent standardized MTrPs modeling.Rats in Tuina 2 group received consistent pressing manipulation.TI group received intraperitoneal injections of oxymatrine,while Tuina+TA group received intraperitoneal injections of SRI-011381 hydrochloride followed by the same pressing protocol as Tuina 2 group.WB was used to detect the expression of collagen I,collagen III,TGF-β1,and phosphorylated-Smad3(p-Smad3)/Smad3.Results In phase 1,Tuina significantly improved PPT and STT in MTrPs of rats(P<0.01),reversed pathological damages including disorganized muscle fiber arrangement,abnormal myocyte morphology,and exacerbated fibrosis.In addition,in MTrPs of rats in model 1 group,expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)were upregulated,and all exhibited a significant downward trend after Tuina intervention(P<0.05 or P<0.01).This indicates that the therapeutic effects of Tuina are directly associated with reduced local inflammation and fibrosis in MTrPs.In phase 2,compared with model 2 group,rats in TI and Tuina 2 groups had decreased expression levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3/Smad3 in MTrPs,alongside reduced levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6,NF-κB,and TNF-α)and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)(P<0.05 or P<0.01).When co-administered with TGF-β1 agonist,the therapeutic effects of Tuina were significantly attenuated,with rebounded TGF-β1 expression and p-Smad3/Smad3 in local MTrPs,and fibrosis and inflammatory responses were re-exacerbated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Tuina can effectively reduce inflammatory responses and fibrosis in MTrPs tissue,and its mechanism is closely related to the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,which plays a critical role in Tuina-mediated regulation of MTrPs fibrosis.展开更多
Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewa...Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewable,and clinical demand is increasingly difficult to meet,leading to a proliferation of counterfeit products.During prolonged geological burial,static pressure from the surrounding strata severely compromises the microstructural integrity of osteons in Os Draconis,but Os Draconis still largely retains the structural features of mammalian bone.Methods:Using verified authentic Os Draconis samples over 10,000 years old as a baseline,this study summarizes the ultrastructural characteristics of genuine Os Draconis.Employing electron probe microanalysis and optical polarized light microscopy,we examined 28 batches of authentic Os Draconis and 31 batches of counterfeits to identify their ultrastructural differences.Key points for ultrastructural identification of Os Draconis were compiled,and a new identification approach was proposed based on these differences.Results:Authentic Os Draconis exhibited distinct ultrastructural markers:irregularly shaped osteons with traversing fissures,deformed/displaced Haversian canals,and secondary mineral infill(predominantly calcium carbonate).Counterfeits showed regular osteon arrangements,absent traversal fissures,and homogeneous hydroxyapatite composition.Lab-simulated samples lacked structural degradation features.EPMA confirmed calcium carbonate infill in fossilized Haversian canals,while elemental profiles differentiated lacunae types(void vs.mineral-packed).Conclusion:The study established ultrastructural criteria for authentic Os Draconis identification:osteon deformation,geological fissures penetrating bone units,and heterogenous mineral deposition.These features,unattainable in counterfeits or modern processed bones,provide a cost-effective,accurate identification method.This approach bridges gaps in TCM material standardization and supports quality control for clinical applications.展开更多
The strong connection between braids and knots provides valuable insights into studying the topological state and phase classification of various physical systems.The phenomenon of non-Hermitian(NH)two-and three-band ...The strong connection between braids and knots provides valuable insights into studying the topological state and phase classification of various physical systems.The phenomenon of non-Hermitian(NH)two-and three-band braiding has received widespread attention.However,a systematic exploration and visualization of non-Abelian braiding and the associated knot transformations in four-band systems remains unexplored.Here,we propose a theoretical model of NH four-band braiding,provide its phase diagram,and establish its trivial,Abelian,and non-Abelian braiding rules.Additionally,we report on special knots,such as the Hopf and Solomon links in braided knots,and reveal that their transformations are accompanied by and mediated through exceptional points.Our work provides a detailed case for studying NH multiband braiding and knot structures in four-band systems,which could offer insights for topological photonics and analog information processing applications.展开更多
Evaluating rock mass quality using three-dimensional(3D)point clouds is crucial for discontinuity extraction and is widely applied in various industrial sectors.However,the utilization of this method in geological sur...Evaluating rock mass quality using three-dimensional(3D)point clouds is crucial for discontinuity extraction and is widely applied in various industrial sectors.However,the utilization of this method in geological surveys remains limited.Notable limitations of current research include the scarcity of validation using simple geometric shapes for discontinuity extraction methods,and the lack of studies that target both planar and linear discontinuity.To address these gaps,this study proposes a workflow for identifying discontinuity planes and traces in rock outcrops from photogrammetric 3D modeling,employing the Compass and Facets plugins in the open-source CloudCompare software.Prior to field application,the efficacy of the extraction methods was first evaluated using experimental datasets of a cube and an isosceles triangular prism generated under laboratory-controlled conditions.This validation demonstrated exceptional accuracy,with the dip and dip direction(DDD)of extracted structures consistently within±2°of the actual values.Following this rigorous laboratory validation,this methodology was applied to a more complex natural rock outcrop(Miocene–Pliocene deposits in Japan),demonstrating its applicability in realistic geological settings for identifying structures.The results showed that the dip and dip direction trends of the extracted bedding planes and faults were consistent with field measurements,achieving a time reduction of approximately 40%compared to traditional methods.In conclusion,through strictly controlled initial verification and subsequent successful application to a complex natural setting,this study confirmed that the proposed workflow can effectively and efficiently extract discontinuous geological structures from point clouds.展开更多
Automatic and accurate medical image segmentation remains a fundamental task in computer-aided diagnosis and treatment planning.Recent advances in foundation models,such as the medical-focused Segment AnythingModel(Me...Automatic and accurate medical image segmentation remains a fundamental task in computer-aided diagnosis and treatment planning.Recent advances in foundation models,such as the medical-focused Segment AnythingModel(MedSAM),have demonstrated strong performance but face challenges inmanymedical applications due to anatomical complexity and a limited domain-specific prompt.Thiswork introduces amethodology that enhances segmentation robustness and precision by automatically generating multiple informative point prompts,rather than relying on single inputs.The proposed approach randomly samples sets of spatially distributed point prompts based on image features,enabling MedSAM to better capture fine-grained anatomical structures and boundaries.During inference,probability maps are aggregated to reduce local misclassifications without additional model training.Extensive experiments on various computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)datasets demonstrate improvements in Dice Similarity Coefficient(DSC)and Normalized Surface Dice(NSD)metrics compared to baseline SAM and Scribble Prompt models.A semi-automatic point sampling version based on the ground truth segmentations yielded enhanced results,achieving up to 92.1%DSC and 86.6%NSD,with significant gains in delineating complex organs such as the pancreas,colon,kidney,and brain tumours.The main novelty of our method consists of effectively combining the results of multiple point prompts into the medical segmentation pipeline so that single-point prompt methods are outperformed.Overall,the proposed model offers a straightforward yet effective approach to improve medical image segmentation performance while maintaining computational efficiency.展开更多
文摘A subject who wears a suitable robotic device will be able to walk in complex environments with the aid of environmental recognition schemes that provide reliable prior information of the human motion intent.Researchers have utilized 1 D laser signals and 2 D depth images to classify environments,but those approaches can face the problems of self-occlusion.In comparison,3 D point cloud is more appropriate for depicting the environments.This paper proposes a directional PointNet to directly classify the 3 D point cloud.First,an inertial measurement unit(IMU)is used to offset the orientation of point cloud.Then the directional PointNet can accurately classify the daily commuted terrains,including level ground,climbing up stairways,and walking down stairs.A classification accuracy of 98%has been achieved in tests.Moreover,the directional PointNet is more efficient than the previously used PointNet because the T-net,which is utilized to estimate the transformation of the point cloud,is not used in the present approach,and the length of the global feature is optimized.The experimental results demonstrate that the directional PointNet can classify the environments in robust and efficient manner.
文摘Internet Exchange Point(IXP)is a system that increases network bandwidth performance.Internet exchange points facilitate interconnection among network providers,including Internet Service Providers(ISPs)andContent Delivery Providers(CDNs).To improve service management,Internet exchange point providers have adopted the Software Defined Network(SDN)paradigm.This implementation is known as a Software-Defined Exchange Point(SDX).It improves network providers’operations and management.However,performance issues still exist,particularly with multi-hop topologies.These issues include switch memory costs,packet processing latency,and link failure recovery delays.The paper proposes Enhanced Link Failure Rerouting(ELFR),an improved mechanism for rerouting link failures in software-defined exchange point networks.The proposed mechanism aims to minimize packet processing time for fast link failure recovery and enhance path calculation efficiency while reducing switch storage overhead by exploiting the Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors(P4)features.The paper presents the proposed mechanisms’efficiency by utilizing advanced algorithms and demonstrating improved performance in packet processing speed,path calculation effectiveness,and switch storage management compared to current mechanisms.The proposed mechanism shows significant improvements,leading to a 37.5%decrease in Recovery Time(RT)and a 33.33%decrease in both Calculation Time(CT)and Computational Overhead(CO)when compared to current mechanisms.The study highlights the effectiveness and resource efficiency of the proposed mechanism in effectively resolving crucial issues inmulti-hop software-defined exchange point networks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52304139,52325403)the CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute funding(Grant No.KCYJY-2024-MS-10).
文摘3D laser scanning technology is widely used in underground openings for high-precision,rapid,and nondestructive structural evaluations.Segmenting large 3D point cloud datasets,particularly in coal mine roadways with multi-scale targets,remains challenging.This paper proposes an enhanced segmentation method integrating improved PointNet++with a coverage-voted strategy.The coverage-voted strategy reduces data while preserving multi-scale target topology.The segmentation is achieved using an enhanced PointNet++algorithm with a normalization preprocessing head,resulting in a 94%accuracy for common supporting components.Ablation experiments show that the preprocessing head and coverage strategies increase segmentation accuracy by 20%and 2%,respectively,and improve Intersection over Union(IoU)for bearing plate segmentation by 58%and 20%.The accuracy of the current pretraining segmentation model may be affected by variations in surface support components,but it can be readily enhanced through re-optimization with additional labeled point cloud data.This proposed method,combined with a previously developed machine learning model that links rock bolt load and the deformation field of its bearing plate,provides a robust technique for simultaneously measuring the load of multiple rock bolts in a single laser scan.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1313800)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC62373259)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of SZTU(Grant No.GDRC202303)the Education Promotion Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022ZDJS115).
文摘The success of robot-assisted pelvic fracture reduction surgery heavily relies on the accuracy of 3D/3D feature-based registration.This process involves extracting anatomical feature points from pre-operative 3D images which can be challenging because of the complex and variable structure of the pelvis.PointMLP_RegNet,a modified PointMLP,was introduced to address this issue.It retains the feature extraction module of PointMLP but replaces the classification layer with a regression layer to predict the coordinates of feature points instead of conducting regular classification.A flowchart for an automatic feature points extraction method was presented,and a series of experiments was conducted on a clinical pelvic dataset to confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the method.PointMLP_RegNet extracted feature points more accurately,with 8 out of 10 points showing less than 4 mm errors and the remaining two less than 5 mm.Compared to PointNettt and PointNet,it exhibited higher accuracy,robustness and space efficiency.The proposed method will improve the accuracy of anatomical feature points extraction,enhance intra-operative registration precision and facilitate the widespread clinical application of robot-assisted pelvic fracture reduction.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3103500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62473033,62571027)+1 种基金in part by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L231012)the State Scholarship Fund from the China Scholarship Council.
文摘Task-oriented point cloud sampling aims to select a representative subset from the input,tailored to specific application scenarios and task requirements.However,existing approaches rarely tackle the problem of redundancy caused by local structural similarities in 3D objects,which limits the performance of sampling.To address this issue,this paper introduces a novel task-oriented point cloud masked autoencoder-based sampling network(Point-MASNet),inspired by the masked autoencoder mechanism.Point-MASNet employs a voxel-based random non-overlapping masking strategy,which allows the model to selectively learn and capture distinctive local structural features from the input data.This approach effectively mitigates redundancy and enhances the representativeness of the sampled subset.In addition,we propose a lightweight,symmetrically structured keypoint reconstruction network,designed as an autoencoder.This network is optimized to efficiently extract latent features while enabling refined reconstructions.Extensive experiments demonstrate that Point-MASNet achieves competitive sampling performance across classification,registration,and reconstruction tasks.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3707303)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52293471)。
文摘Understanding the conformational characteristics of polymers is key to elucidating their physical properties.Cyclic polymers,defined by their closed-loop structures,inherently differ from linear polymers possessing distinct chain ends.Despite these structural differences,both types of polymers exhibit locally random-walk-like conformations,making it challenging to detect subtle spatial variations using conventional methods.In this study,we address this challenge by integrating molecular dynamics simulations with point cloud neural networks to analyze the spatial conformations of cyclic and linear polymers.By utilizing the Dynamic Graph CNN(DGCNN)model,we classify polymer conformations based on the 3D coordinates of monomers,capturing local and global topological differences without considering chain connectivity sequentiality.Our findings reveal that the optimal local structural feature unit size scales linearly with molecular weight,aligning with theoretical predictions.Additionally,interpretability techniques such as Grad-CAM and SHAP identify significant conformational differences:cyclic polymers tend to form prolate ellipsoid shapes with pronounced elongation along the major axis,while linear polymers show elongated ends with more spherical centers.These findings reveal subtle yet critical differences in local conformations between cyclic and linear polymers that were previously difficult to discern,providing deeper insights into polymer structure-property relationships and offering guidance for future polymer science advancements.
文摘In order to solve the problem that the star point positioning accuracy of the star sensor in near space is decreased due to atmospheric background stray light and rapid maneuvering of platform, this paper proposes a star point positioning algorithm based on the capsule network whose input and output are both vectors. First, a PCTL (Probability-Coordinate Transformation Layer) is designed to represent the mapping relationship between the probability output of the capsule network and the star point sub-pixel coordinates. Then, Coordconv Layer is introduced to implement explicit encoding of space information and the probability is used as the centroid weight to achieve the conversion between probability and star point sub-pixel coordinates, which improves the network’s ability to perceive star point positions. Finally, based on the dynamic imaging principle of star sensors and the characteristics of near-space environment, a star map dataset for algorithm training and testing is constructed. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of the star point positioning by 36.1% and 41.7% respectively compared with the traditional algorithm. The research results can provide important theory and technical support for the scheme design, index demonstration, test and evaluation of large dynamic star sensors in near space.
基金supported by the Fujian University of Technology under Grant GYZ20016,GY-Z18183,and GY-Z19005partially supported by the National Science and Technology Council under Grant NSTC 113-2221-E-224-056-.
文摘To transmit customer power data collected by smart meters(SMs)to utility companies,data must first be transmitted to the corresponding data aggregation point(DAP)of the SM.The number of DAPs installed and the installation location greatly impact the whole network.For the traditional DAP placement algorithm,the number of DAPs must be set in advance,but determining the best number of DAPs is difficult,which undoubtedly reduces the overall performance of the network.Moreover,the excessive gap between the loads of different DAPs is also an important factor affecting the quality of the network.To address the above problems,this paper proposes a DAP placement algorithm,APSSA,based on the improved affinity propagation(AP)algorithm and sparrow search(SSA)algorithm,which can select the appropriate number of DAPs to be installed and the corresponding installation locations according to the number of SMs and their distribution locations in different environments.The algorithm adds an allocation mechanism to optimize the subnetwork in the SSA.APSSA is evaluated under three different areas and compared with other DAP placement algorithms.The experimental results validated that the method in this paper can reduce the network cost,shorten the average transmission distance,and reduce the load gap.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFE0109500 and 2021YFB3501401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171190 and 52301250).
文摘The mutual coupling of structure and magnetism is crucial for Heusler alloys.In this paper,Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(16-x)Ga_(x)(0≤x≤16)alloys were prepared by arc melting.Based on the test results of structure and magnetism,the magnetic-structural phase diagram of Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(16-x)Ga_(x)(0≤x≤16)was drawn.The structure changes from cubic to monoclinic and finally to tetragonal as the x increases at room temperature.Its phase diagram shows a morphotropic phase boundary(MPB)starting from a tricritical triple point(around the Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(5)Ga_(11)alloy)of a cubic paramagnetic phase,ferromagnetic monoclinic,and antiferromagnetic tetragonal phases.And Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(5)Ga_(11)alloy has experienced five different phase states:paramagnetic austenite→ferromagnetic austenite→antiferromagnetic martensite→ferromagnetic martensite→spin glass as the temperature decreased.Further study of the alloys’magnetostrictive properties near the MPB showed that as x increases,a negative strain initially appears,followed by a W-type that crosses negative and positive strains,and then a positive strain.This is caused by the inconsistency in the speed and degree of magnetic domain walls response with monoclinic and tetragonal coexisting structures.This indicates that coupling between structure and magnetism is critical to the properties of materials.This work provides valuable insights into the magnetostrictive behavior and structural evolution of Heusler alloys,particularly in the context of MPB systems,and offers guidance for the design and optimization of material properties through controlled magnetic-structural interactions.Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the title.The edit made in the title has been confirmed to be accurate.
文摘Following the publication of Liu et al.(2024),an error was identified in Figure 4B,in which the image representing the lung from the E529G group was inadvertently duplicated with the image of the lung from the WT group during figure preparation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400900,2021YFA0718300,and 2021YFA1400243)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61835013,12174461,and 12234012)Space Application System of China Manned Space Program.
文摘The system consisting of(2+1)-dimensional quasirelativistic birefringent Dirac fermions with Coulomb interactions and retarded current–current interactions is described by a quantum field theory similar to reduced quantum electrodynamics.We used the perturbative renormalization group method to study the low-energy behavior of the system and found that it flows to a fixed point of the non-Fermi liquid composed of relativistic pseudospin-1/2 Dirac fermions in the deep infrared limit.At the fixed point,the fermion Green function exhibits a finite anomalous dimension,and the residue of the quasiparticle pole vanishes in a power-law fashion.Our research provides new theoretical perspectives for understanding the origin of spin-1/2 fermions in the standard model.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant nos.2023YFC2809103,2024YFC2813505)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant nos.2042025kf0083,2042025gf0014)the Antarctic Zhongshan Ice and Space Environment National Observation and Research Station(Grant no.ZSNORS-20252702).
文摘The correlation between the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity(SMOS)L-band brightness temperature and thin sea ice thickness has been widely exploited using semi-empirical retrieval approaches based on a single-tie point(STP).However,due to pronounced spatial heterogeneity in seawater and sea ice properties across the Arctic,the use of an STP often leads to regionally biased.To address this limitation,this study proposes a multi-tie point(MTP)sea ice thickness retrieval method based on SMOS brightness temperature and sea ice concentration time series.Multiple seawater and sea ice tie-point values are identified through point-by-point time series analysis,quality control,and statistical hypothesis testing,allowing spatial variability in radiometric properties to be explicitly considered.The MTP-based retrieval is applied to Arctic freeze-up conditions.Validation against independent SMOS thin sea ice thickness products shows that the MTP approach yields significantly reduced bias and root mean square error compared with the conventional STP method,with statistically significant improvements confirmed by paired t-tests.While retrieval accuracy stabilizes beyond a certain number of tie points,the preprocessing cost associated with tie-point selection increases substantially.Considering both accuracy and efficiency,the MTP framework provides a practical and robust approach for large-scale Arctic thin sea ice thickness retrieval and enables improved characterization of regional freezing processes and maximum ice thickness.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(82274676 and 82374613)Program of Hunan Provincial Natural Science(2023JJ30458).
文摘Objective To investigate whether Tuina alleviates fibrotic symptoms in myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)by regulating transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,thereby deactivating these points.Methods This study comprised two experimental phases.In phase 1,27 specific pathogenfree(SPF)grade female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomized into three groups:control 1,model 1,and Tuina 1 groups.Model 1 and Tuina 1 groups underwent an 8-week MTrPs modeling protocol involving blunt impact and eccentric exercise.After successful modeling,rats in Tuina 1 group received manual pressing on nodules or cord-like taut bands on the medial aspect of the left hindlimb.Pain sensitivity and tissue stiffness were evaluated via pressure pain threshold(PPT)and soft tissue tension(STT).Muscle histopathology and fibrosis were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Masson staining.Inflammatory factors in muscle were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),while immunofluorescence(IF)and Western blot(WB)were used to detect the expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagenⅢ,and TGF-β1.In phase 2,45 SPF female SD rats were randomized into five groups:control 2,model 2,Tuina 2,TGF-β1 inhibitor(TI),and Tuina+TGF-β1 agonist(Tuina+TA)groups.All groups except control 2 underwent standardized MTrPs modeling.Rats in Tuina 2 group received consistent pressing manipulation.TI group received intraperitoneal injections of oxymatrine,while Tuina+TA group received intraperitoneal injections of SRI-011381 hydrochloride followed by the same pressing protocol as Tuina 2 group.WB was used to detect the expression of collagen I,collagen III,TGF-β1,and phosphorylated-Smad3(p-Smad3)/Smad3.Results In phase 1,Tuina significantly improved PPT and STT in MTrPs of rats(P<0.01),reversed pathological damages including disorganized muscle fiber arrangement,abnormal myocyte morphology,and exacerbated fibrosis.In addition,in MTrPs of rats in model 1 group,expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)were upregulated,and all exhibited a significant downward trend after Tuina intervention(P<0.05 or P<0.01).This indicates that the therapeutic effects of Tuina are directly associated with reduced local inflammation and fibrosis in MTrPs.In phase 2,compared with model 2 group,rats in TI and Tuina 2 groups had decreased expression levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3/Smad3 in MTrPs,alongside reduced levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6,NF-κB,and TNF-α)and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)(P<0.05 or P<0.01).When co-administered with TGF-β1 agonist,the therapeutic effects of Tuina were significantly attenuated,with rebounded TGF-β1 expression and p-Smad3/Smad3 in local MTrPs,and fibrosis and inflammatory responses were re-exacerbated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Tuina can effectively reduce inflammatory responses and fibrosis in MTrPs tissue,and its mechanism is closely related to the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,which plays a critical role in Tuina-mediated regulation of MTrPs fibrosis.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A04013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204610)+1 种基金the Qihang Talent Program(L2022046)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ15-YQ-041 and L2021029).
文摘Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewable,and clinical demand is increasingly difficult to meet,leading to a proliferation of counterfeit products.During prolonged geological burial,static pressure from the surrounding strata severely compromises the microstructural integrity of osteons in Os Draconis,but Os Draconis still largely retains the structural features of mammalian bone.Methods:Using verified authentic Os Draconis samples over 10,000 years old as a baseline,this study summarizes the ultrastructural characteristics of genuine Os Draconis.Employing electron probe microanalysis and optical polarized light microscopy,we examined 28 batches of authentic Os Draconis and 31 batches of counterfeits to identify their ultrastructural differences.Key points for ultrastructural identification of Os Draconis were compiled,and a new identification approach was proposed based on these differences.Results:Authentic Os Draconis exhibited distinct ultrastructural markers:irregularly shaped osteons with traversing fissures,deformed/displaced Haversian canals,and secondary mineral infill(predominantly calcium carbonate).Counterfeits showed regular osteon arrangements,absent traversal fissures,and homogeneous hydroxyapatite composition.Lab-simulated samples lacked structural degradation features.EPMA confirmed calcium carbonate infill in fossilized Haversian canals,while elemental profiles differentiated lacunae types(void vs.mineral-packed).Conclusion:The study established ultrastructural criteria for authentic Os Draconis identification:osteon deformation,geological fissures penetrating bone units,and heterogenous mineral deposition.These features,unattainable in counterfeits or modern processed bones,provide a cost-effective,accurate identification method.This approach bridges gaps in TCM material standardization and supports quality control for clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62575099,62075059,61405058)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2024A1515011353)+2 种基金Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks of China(Grant No.2024GZKF20)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant Nos.2020JJ4161 and 2017JJ2048)Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department(Grant No.21A0013)。
文摘The strong connection between braids and knots provides valuable insights into studying the topological state and phase classification of various physical systems.The phenomenon of non-Hermitian(NH)two-and three-band braiding has received widespread attention.However,a systematic exploration and visualization of non-Abelian braiding and the associated knot transformations in four-band systems remains unexplored.Here,we propose a theoretical model of NH four-band braiding,provide its phase diagram,and establish its trivial,Abelian,and non-Abelian braiding rules.Additionally,we report on special knots,such as the Hopf and Solomon links in braided knots,and reveal that their transformations are accompanied by and mediated through exceptional points.Our work provides a detailed case for studying NH multiband braiding and knot structures in four-band systems,which could offer insights for topological photonics and analog information processing applications.
文摘Evaluating rock mass quality using three-dimensional(3D)point clouds is crucial for discontinuity extraction and is widely applied in various industrial sectors.However,the utilization of this method in geological surveys remains limited.Notable limitations of current research include the scarcity of validation using simple geometric shapes for discontinuity extraction methods,and the lack of studies that target both planar and linear discontinuity.To address these gaps,this study proposes a workflow for identifying discontinuity planes and traces in rock outcrops from photogrammetric 3D modeling,employing the Compass and Facets plugins in the open-source CloudCompare software.Prior to field application,the efficacy of the extraction methods was first evaluated using experimental datasets of a cube and an isosceles triangular prism generated under laboratory-controlled conditions.This validation demonstrated exceptional accuracy,with the dip and dip direction(DDD)of extracted structures consistently within±2°of the actual values.Following this rigorous laboratory validation,this methodology was applied to a more complex natural rock outcrop(Miocene–Pliocene deposits in Japan),demonstrating its applicability in realistic geological settings for identifying structures.The results showed that the dip and dip direction trends of the extracted bedding planes and faults were consistent with field measurements,achieving a time reduction of approximately 40%compared to traditional methods.In conclusion,through strictly controlled initial verification and subsequent successful application to a complex natural setting,this study confirmed that the proposed workflow can effectively and efficiently extract discontinuous geological structures from point clouds.
基金supported by the Autonomous Government of Andalusia(Spain)under project UMA20-FEDERJA-108also by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain,grant number PID2022-136764OA-I00+1 种基金It includes funds fromthe European Regional Development Fund(ERDF),It is also partially supported by the Fundación Unicaja(PUNI-003_2023)the Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND(ATECH-25-02).
文摘Automatic and accurate medical image segmentation remains a fundamental task in computer-aided diagnosis and treatment planning.Recent advances in foundation models,such as the medical-focused Segment AnythingModel(MedSAM),have demonstrated strong performance but face challenges inmanymedical applications due to anatomical complexity and a limited domain-specific prompt.Thiswork introduces amethodology that enhances segmentation robustness and precision by automatically generating multiple informative point prompts,rather than relying on single inputs.The proposed approach randomly samples sets of spatially distributed point prompts based on image features,enabling MedSAM to better capture fine-grained anatomical structures and boundaries.During inference,probability maps are aggregated to reduce local misclassifications without additional model training.Extensive experiments on various computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)datasets demonstrate improvements in Dice Similarity Coefficient(DSC)and Normalized Surface Dice(NSD)metrics compared to baseline SAM and Scribble Prompt models.A semi-automatic point sampling version based on the ground truth segmentations yielded enhanced results,achieving up to 92.1%DSC and 86.6%NSD,with significant gains in delineating complex organs such as the pancreas,colon,kidney,and brain tumours.The main novelty of our method consists of effectively combining the results of multiple point prompts into the medical segmentation pipeline so that single-point prompt methods are outperformed.Overall,the proposed model offers a straightforward yet effective approach to improve medical image segmentation performance while maintaining computational efficiency.
