The Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） approach is adopted to study the steady and unsteady performances of the podded propulsor by the Fluent software package. While the interactions of the propeller blades with th...The Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） approach is adopted to study the steady and unsteady performances of the podded propulsor by the Fluent software package. While the interactions of the propeller blades with the pod and strut are time-dependent by nature, the mixing plane model is employed firstly to predict the steady performance, where the interactions are time-averaged. Numerical experiments are carried out with systematically varied mesh sizes to investigate the dependence of the predicted force values on the mesh sizes. Furthermore, the sliding mesh model is employed to simulate the unsteady interactions between the blades, pod and strut. Based on the numerical results, the characteristics of unsteady hydrodynamic forces are discussed, and the applicability of the mixing plane model is investigated for puller-type podded propulsor.展开更多
The unsteady performance of drag and double reverse propeller podded propulsors in open water was numerically simulated using a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method. A moving mesh method was used to more realis...The unsteady performance of drag and double reverse propeller podded propulsors in open water was numerically simulated using a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method. A moving mesh method was used to more realistically simulate propulsor working conditions, and the thrust, torque, and lateral force coefficients of both propulsors were compared and analyzed. Forces acting on different parts of the propulsors along with the flow field distribution of steady and unsteady results at different advance coefficients were compared. Moreover, the change of the lateral force and the difference between the abovementioned two methods were mainly analyzed. It was shown that the thrust and torque results of both methods were similar, with the lateral force results having the highest deviation展开更多
Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of an L-type podded propulsor in straight-ahead motion and off-design conditions using an open-water measuring instrument developed by the aut...Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of an L-type podded propulsor in straight-ahead motion and off-design conditions using an open-water measuring instrument developed by the authors for podded propulsors, a ship model towing tank, and under water particle image velocimetry （PIV） measurement systems. Under the three types of conditions, the main parameters of an L-type podded propulsor were measured, including the propeller thrust and torque, as well as the thrust, side force, and moment of the whole pod unit.In addition, the flow field on the section between the propeller and the strut was analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the dynamic azimuthing rate and direction and the turning direction affect the forces on the propeller and the whole pod unit. Forces are asymmetrically distributed between the left and right azimuthing directions because of the effect of propeller rotation. The findings of this study provide a foundation for further research on L-type podded propulsors.展开更多
Blended-Wing-Body(BWB)aircraft have a relatively short fuselage and no horizontal tail,and they usually adopt podded engines and a V tail instead of a vertical tail.Generally,BWB aircraft have decreased longitudinal a...Blended-Wing-Body(BWB)aircraft have a relatively short fuselage and no horizontal tail,and they usually adopt podded engines and a V tail instead of a vertical tail.Generally,BWB aircraft have decreased longitudinal and directional static stability and damping.In this paper,the three-axis static and dynamic stability characteristics of an example BWB aircraft with podded engines are studied.According to the differences in flight characteristics of BWB aircraft and conventional aircraft,the different airworthiness requirements for BWB aircraft are analyzed:first,based on current airworthiness regulations and transport aircraft flying quality specification,the relaxation requirement of longitudinal static stability for BWB aircraft is studied;second,the influences of podded engines on longitudinal trim,attitude and trajectory responses and maximum directional control power requirement of BWB aircraft are analyzed;third,the changes in the proportional relationships between the takeoff characteristic speeds of the example BWB aircraft are analyzed.In view of these variations in directional control power requirement and relationships between takeoff characteristic speeds,new recommendations for airworthiness evaluation are proposed for BWB aircraft.The conclusions of this paper are helpful references for configuration design,flight control law design and airworthiness evaluation of BWB aircraft.展开更多
Based on the model test of podded propulsor in straight forward motion, the paper presents the results of the effects of geometric parameters on the propulsive characteristics of podded propulsors in viscous flow. Thr...Based on the model test of podded propulsor in straight forward motion, the paper presents the results of the effects of geometric parameters on the propulsive characteristics of podded propulsors in viscous flow. Three main geometrical parameters, i.e. pod diameter, strut distance from the propeller plane, and the maximum thickness of strut are studied with systematically varied geometry while the parameters of propeller blades are fixed. The RANS approach is adopted to study the steady perfomaance using the Huent software package. While the interactions of the propeller blades with the pod and strut are time-dependent by nature, the mixing plane model is employed to predict the steady perfomlance. In considera- tion of the complexity, the research does not deal with the effects of the combination of such three main parameters.展开更多
During ice-breaking navigation, a massive amount of crushed ice blocks with different sizes is accumulated under the hull of an ice-going ship. This ice slides into the flow field in the forward side of the podded pro...During ice-breaking navigation, a massive amount of crushed ice blocks with different sizes is accumulated under the hull of an ice-going ship. This ice slides into the flow field in the forward side of the podded propulsor, affecting the surrounding flow field and aggravating the non-uniformity of the propeller wake. A pulsating load is formed on the propeller, which affects the hydrodynamic performance of the podded propulsor. To study the changes in the propeller hydrodynamic performance during the ice podded propulsor interaction, the overlapping grid technique is used to simulate the unsteady hydrodynamic performance of the podded propulsor at different propeller rotation angles and different ice block sizes. Hence, the hydrodynamic blade behavior during propeller rotation under the interaction between the ice and podded propulsor is discussed. The unsteady propeller loads and surrounding flow fields obtained for ice blocks with different sizes interacting with the podded propulsor are analyzed in detail. The variation in the hydrodynamic performance during the circular motion of a propeller and the influence of ice size variation on the propeller thrust and torque are determined. The calculation results have certain reference significance for experiment-based research, theoretical calculations and numerical simulation concerning ice podded propulsor interaction.展开更多
A mathematical model of podded propulsors was established in order to investigate the influence of fins. The hydrodynamic performance of podded propulsors with and without fins was calculated, with interactions betwee...A mathematical model of podded propulsors was established in order to investigate the influence of fins. The hydrodynamic performance of podded propulsors with and without fins was calculated, with interactions between propellers and pods and fins derived by iterative calculation. The differential equation based on velocity potential was adopted and hyperboloidal panels were used to avoid gaps between surface panels. The Newton-Raphson iterative procedure was used on the trailing edge to meet the pressure Kutta condition. The velocity distribution was calculated with the Yanagizawa method to eliminate the singularity caused by use of the numerical differential. Comparisons of the performance of podded propulsors with different fins showed that the thrust of propeller in a podded propulsor with fins is greater. The resistance of the pod is also reduced because of the thrust of the fin. The hydrodynamic performance of a podded propulsor with two fins is found to be best, the performance of a podded propulsor with one fin is not as good as two fins, and the performance of the common type is the worst.展开更多
A podded propulsor in viscous flow is numerically simulated in this article. The region of fluid is divided into efficient calculation grids. The pressure and viscous force of blades, pod and strut are obtained as fun...A podded propulsor in viscous flow is numerically simulated in this article. The region of fluid is divided into efficient calculation grids. The pressure and viscous force of blades, pod and strut are obtained as functions of an advance coefficient. The steady result is used as a base in the unsteady simulation to obtain a solution more quickly. The distributions of the thrust and torque fluctuations of the key blade in one revolution are obtained. The c^lculation results from the mixing plane on steady conditions are compared with those obtained from the sliding mesh model on unsteady conditions. The User-Defined Function （UDF） method is used to simulate the influence of ship hull on the non-uniform wake of the propeller.展开更多
Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus) is sensitive to salt stress. For breeding applications, it is of great significance to explore the genetic mechanism underlying salt tolerance in watermelon by analyzing the dehydration r...Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus) is sensitive to salt stress. For breeding applications, it is of great significance to explore the genetic mechanism underlying salt tolerance in watermelon by analyzing the dehydration responsive element-binding(DREB) factor family members.However, they are rarely studied in watermelon. In this study, we identified ClaDREB gene family members in watermelon based on whole genome data;analyzed the physicochemical properties, evolution, and phylogeny;and studied their expression patterns under salt stress in two watermelon varieties with varying salt tolerance. In total, 57 DREB family members were identified in watermelon, and most of them were located in the nucleus. ClaDREBs were divided into six subgroups Ⅰ-Ⅵ. The promoter region of ClaDREBs from subgroup Ⅱ contained many defense-related and stress responsive elements. Among them, ClaDREB14 was significantly upregulated by salt stress and exhibited differential expression in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties. Moreover, overexpression of ClaDREB14 in watermelon roots significantly improved the salt tolerance of transgenic plants;mainly, it significantly increased the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT and significantly reduced MDA content.However, the results from gene-edited watermelon roots obtained using CRISPR/Cas9 vectors showed the opposite trend. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ClaDREB14 directly binds to the cis-acting element ACCGAC in the promoter region of ClaPOD6 and promotes its expression.Therefore, ClaDREB14 may enhance salt tolerance by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in watermelon roots. This study provided valuable information on the DREB gene family in watermelon and laid the foundation for future functional validation and genetic engineering applications.展开更多
Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)exhibits an unusually asynchronous reproductive cycle,in which flowering,peg penetration,pod development,and seed filling occur over an extended period.This results in the simultaneous prese...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)exhibits an unusually asynchronous reproductive cycle,in which flowering,peg penetration,pod development,and seed filling occur over an extended period.This results in the simultaneous presence of immature and preharvest sprouted(PHS)pods on the same plant a dual challenge that undermines yield,compromises seed quality,and complicates postharvest management.Immature pods reduce harvest efficiency,while PHS diminishes flavor,uniformity,and storage stability.Both genetic and environmental determinants ranging from temporal variation in peg initiation and hormonal gradients to microenvironmental heterogeneity and differential seed dormancy shape this variability.However,despite advances in pod biology,systematic field-based quantification of intra-plant temporal variation,genotype×environment interactions,and localized microclimatic influences remains limited.This review aims to synthesize current understanding of within-plant variability in pod maturation and PHS in peanut,to elucidate critical knowledge gaps at physiological and field scales,and to evaluate emerging strategies for mitigation.Particular emphasis is given for underexplored interface between physiological mechanisms and field-scale dynamics.Emerging innovations including hyperspectral imaging,soil and canopy moisture sensing,and molecular markers offer promising avenues for precise monitoring of pod maturity and early detection of PHS risk.Integrating these tools with targeted breeding strategies for synchronous flowering,enhanced dormancy,and late-season stress resilience,alongside adaptive agronomic practices such as optimized sowing,irrigation scheduling,nutrient management,and harvest timing,could substantially reduce yield and quality losses.Future progress will depend on bridging molecular insights with predictive models that capture mixed maturity and sprouting risk under variable environments.展开更多
Pod shattering,while a natural mechanism for seed dispersal,is an undesirable agronomic trait in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)that complicates mechanical harvesting.It typically causes yield losses of 5%-15%,which can b...Pod shattering,while a natural mechanism for seed dispersal,is an undesirable agronomic trait in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)that complicates mechanical harvesting.It typically causes yield losses of 5%-15%,which can be further worsened under dry and hot conditions.As most of the modern rapeseed cultivars remain susceptible to shattering,enhancing pod shattering resistance(PSR)is important to safeguard global rapeseed production.Significant progresses have been made in elucidating the molecular and genetic mechanisms of silique dehiscence in the model plant Arabidopsis and pod shattering in rapeseed.This review firstly summarizes the genetic network controlling silique dehiscence in Arabidopsis,which is largely conserved in closely related Brassica species.We then synthesize discoveries from both forward and reverse genetic studies in rapeseed.Finally,the major challenges and future prospects in PSR research and breeding are discussed in depth.展开更多
The unsteady sheet cavitation of podded propeller was predicted by using a surface panel method. The interaction between propeller and pod was treated with the iterative calculation of induced velocity potential, and ...The unsteady sheet cavitation of podded propeller was predicted by using a surface panel method. The interaction between propeller and pod was treated with the iterative calculation of induced velocity potential, and the method of induced velocity potential can save a great deal of storage and computation time compared to the method of induced velocity. The induced velocity potential of unit singularity on every pod panel to every key blade panel and of unit singularity on every key blade panel and its wake panel to every pod panel were calculated when the key blade is at every angle position. Based on the wake model of the conventional single propeller, a new wake model of podded propeller was constructed. The propeller is analyzed only on the key blade in order to save computation time and memory space. The method can be used to calculate the hydrodynamics performance and cavitation of propeller in uniform and non-uniform inflows. It can give the unsteady force and cavitation shape of propeller. The propeller cavitation range determined by the present method agrees with the observation results of cavity image given in cavitation tunnel well, and this proves the practicability of the method.展开更多
基金supported by the"Knowledge-based Ship Design Hyper-Integrated Platform(KSHIP)"a key project of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance of China
文摘The Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） approach is adopted to study the steady and unsteady performances of the podded propulsor by the Fluent software package. While the interactions of the propeller blades with the pod and strut are time-dependent by nature, the mixing plane model is employed firstly to predict the steady performance, where the interactions are time-averaged. Numerical experiments are carried out with systematically varied mesh sizes to investigate the dependence of the predicted force values on the mesh sizes. Furthermore, the sliding mesh model is employed to simulate the unsteady interactions between the blades, pod and strut. Based on the numerical results, the characteristics of unsteady hydrodynamic forces are discussed, and the applicability of the mixing plane model is investigated for puller-type podded propulsor.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （41176074, 51209048,51379043,51409063） High tech ship research project of Ministry of industry and technology （G014613002） The support plan for youth backbone teachers of Harbin Engineering University （HEUCFQ1408）
文摘The unsteady performance of drag and double reverse propeller podded propulsors in open water was numerically simulated using a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method. A moving mesh method was used to more realistically simulate propulsor working conditions, and the thrust, torque, and lateral force coefficients of both propulsors were compared and analyzed. Forces acting on different parts of the propulsors along with the flow field distribution of steady and unsteady results at different advance coefficients were compared. Moreover, the change of the lateral force and the difference between the abovementioned two methods were mainly analyzed. It was shown that the thrust and torque results of both methods were similar, with the lateral force results having the highest deviation
基金Foundation item： Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 41176074, 51379043 and 51409063）Acknowledgement This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 41176074,51379043 and 51409063） and was conducted in response to the great support received from a basic research project entitled ＂Multihull Ship Technology Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science for National Defence＂, which was conducted at Harbin Engineering University. The authors would like to extend their sincere gratitude to their colleagues in the towing tank laboratory.
文摘Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of an L-type podded propulsor in straight-ahead motion and off-design conditions using an open-water measuring instrument developed by the authors for podded propulsors, a ship model towing tank, and under water particle image velocimetry （PIV） measurement systems. Under the three types of conditions, the main parameters of an L-type podded propulsor were measured, including the propeller thrust and torque, as well as the thrust, side force, and moment of the whole pod unit.In addition, the flow field on the section between the propeller and the strut was analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the dynamic azimuthing rate and direction and the turning direction affect the forces on the propeller and the whole pod unit. Forces are asymmetrically distributed between the left and right azimuthing directions because of the effect of propeller rotation. The findings of this study provide a foundation for further research on L-type podded propulsors.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. YWF-21-BJ-J-935)
文摘Blended-Wing-Body(BWB)aircraft have a relatively short fuselage and no horizontal tail,and they usually adopt podded engines and a V tail instead of a vertical tail.Generally,BWB aircraft have decreased longitudinal and directional static stability and damping.In this paper,the three-axis static and dynamic stability characteristics of an example BWB aircraft with podded engines are studied.According to the differences in flight characteristics of BWB aircraft and conventional aircraft,the different airworthiness requirements for BWB aircraft are analyzed:first,based on current airworthiness regulations and transport aircraft flying quality specification,the relaxation requirement of longitudinal static stability for BWB aircraft is studied;second,the influences of podded engines on longitudinal trim,attitude and trajectory responses and maximum directional control power requirement of BWB aircraft are analyzed;third,the changes in the proportional relationships between the takeoff characteristic speeds of the example BWB aircraft are analyzed.In view of these variations in directional control power requirement and relationships between takeoff characteristic speeds,new recommendations for airworthiness evaluation are proposed for BWB aircraft.The conclusions of this paper are helpful references for configuration design,flight control law design and airworthiness evaluation of BWB aircraft.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.HEUCFT1001)the"Knowledge-based Ship Design Hyper-Integrated Plat form(KSHIP)",a Key Project of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance of China
文摘Based on the model test of podded propulsor in straight forward motion, the paper presents the results of the effects of geometric parameters on the propulsive characteristics of podded propulsors in viscous flow. Three main geometrical parameters, i.e. pod diameter, strut distance from the propeller plane, and the maximum thickness of strut are studied with systematically varied geometry while the parameters of propeller blades are fixed. The RANS approach is adopted to study the steady perfomaance using the Huent software package. While the interactions of the propeller blades with the pod and strut are time-dependent by nature, the mixing plane model is employed to predict the steady perfomlance. In considera- tion of the complexity, the research does not deal with the effects of the combination of such three main parameters.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51679052,51639004 and51809055)the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(Grant No.JCKY2016604B001)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(Grant No.E2018026)
文摘During ice-breaking navigation, a massive amount of crushed ice blocks with different sizes is accumulated under the hull of an ice-going ship. This ice slides into the flow field in the forward side of the podded propulsor, affecting the surrounding flow field and aggravating the non-uniformity of the propeller wake. A pulsating load is formed on the propeller, which affects the hydrodynamic performance of the podded propulsor. To study the changes in the propeller hydrodynamic performance during the ice podded propulsor interaction, the overlapping grid technique is used to simulate the unsteady hydrodynamic performance of the podded propulsor at different propeller rotation angles and different ice block sizes. Hence, the hydrodynamic blade behavior during propeller rotation under the interaction between the ice and podded propulsor is discussed. The unsteady propeller loads and surrounding flow fields obtained for ice blocks with different sizes interacting with the podded propulsor are analyzed in detail. The variation in the hydrodynamic performance during the circular motion of a propeller and the influence of ice size variation on the propeller thrust and torque are determined. The calculation results have certain reference significance for experiment-based research, theoretical calculations and numerical simulation concerning ice podded propulsor interaction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10702016
文摘A mathematical model of podded propulsors was established in order to investigate the influence of fins. The hydrodynamic performance of podded propulsors with and without fins was calculated, with interactions between propellers and pods and fins derived by iterative calculation. The differential equation based on velocity potential was adopted and hyperboloidal panels were used to avoid gaps between surface panels. The Newton-Raphson iterative procedure was used on the trailing edge to meet the pressure Kutta condition. The velocity distribution was calculated with the Yanagizawa method to eliminate the singularity caused by use of the numerical differential. Comparisons of the performance of podded propulsors with different fins showed that the thrust of propeller in a podded propulsor with fins is greater. The resistance of the pod is also reduced because of the thrust of the fin. The hydrodynamic performance of a podded propulsor with two fins is found to be best, the performance of a podded propulsor with one fin is not as good as two fins, and the performance of the common type is the worst.
基金Project supported by the "Knowledge-based Ship Design Hyper-Integrated Platform (KSHIP)"a key project of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance of China
文摘A podded propulsor in viscous flow is numerically simulated in this article. The region of fluid is divided into efficient calculation grids. The pressure and viscous force of blades, pod and strut are obtained as functions of an advance coefficient. The steady result is used as a base in the unsteady simulation to obtain a solution more quickly. The distributions of the thrust and torque fluctuations of the key blade in one revolution are obtained. The c^lculation results from the mixing plane on steady conditions are compared with those obtained from the sliding mesh model on unsteady conditions. The User-Defined Function （UDF） method is used to simulate the influence of ship hull on the non-uniform wake of the propeller.
基金funded by grants fromthe China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-25)the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region(Grant No.2023B02017)+3 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ZFRI,CAAS-ASTIP-2024-WRI)the Basic Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.1610192023201)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant No.252300421694)Joint Research on Agricultural Variety Improvement of Henan Province(Grant No.2022010503).
文摘Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus) is sensitive to salt stress. For breeding applications, it is of great significance to explore the genetic mechanism underlying salt tolerance in watermelon by analyzing the dehydration responsive element-binding(DREB) factor family members.However, they are rarely studied in watermelon. In this study, we identified ClaDREB gene family members in watermelon based on whole genome data;analyzed the physicochemical properties, evolution, and phylogeny;and studied their expression patterns under salt stress in two watermelon varieties with varying salt tolerance. In total, 57 DREB family members were identified in watermelon, and most of them were located in the nucleus. ClaDREBs were divided into six subgroups Ⅰ-Ⅵ. The promoter region of ClaDREBs from subgroup Ⅱ contained many defense-related and stress responsive elements. Among them, ClaDREB14 was significantly upregulated by salt stress and exhibited differential expression in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties. Moreover, overexpression of ClaDREB14 in watermelon roots significantly improved the salt tolerance of transgenic plants;mainly, it significantly increased the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT and significantly reduced MDA content.However, the results from gene-edited watermelon roots obtained using CRISPR/Cas9 vectors showed the opposite trend. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ClaDREB14 directly binds to the cis-acting element ACCGAC in the promoter region of ClaPOD6 and promotes its expression.Therefore, ClaDREB14 may enhance salt tolerance by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in watermelon roots. This study provided valuable information on the DREB gene family in watermelon and laid the foundation for future functional validation and genetic engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32171997)the Earmarked Fund for China Agricultural Research System(CARS-13)+2 种基金the Nanfan special project of CAAS(Grant No.YBXM2552)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Grant No.Y2025YC112)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)。
文摘Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)exhibits an unusually asynchronous reproductive cycle,in which flowering,peg penetration,pod development,and seed filling occur over an extended period.This results in the simultaneous presence of immature and preharvest sprouted(PHS)pods on the same plant a dual challenge that undermines yield,compromises seed quality,and complicates postharvest management.Immature pods reduce harvest efficiency,while PHS diminishes flavor,uniformity,and storage stability.Both genetic and environmental determinants ranging from temporal variation in peg initiation and hormonal gradients to microenvironmental heterogeneity and differential seed dormancy shape this variability.However,despite advances in pod biology,systematic field-based quantification of intra-plant temporal variation,genotype×environment interactions,and localized microclimatic influences remains limited.This review aims to synthesize current understanding of within-plant variability in pod maturation and PHS in peanut,to elucidate critical knowledge gaps at physiological and field scales,and to evaluate emerging strategies for mitigation.Particular emphasis is given for underexplored interface between physiological mechanisms and field-scale dynamics.Emerging innovations including hyperspectral imaging,soil and canopy moisture sensing,and molecular markers offer promising avenues for precise monitoring of pod maturity and early detection of PHS risk.Integrating these tools with targeted breeding strategies for synchronous flowering,enhanced dormancy,and late-season stress resilience,alongside adaptive agronomic practices such as optimized sowing,irrigation scheduling,nutrient management,and harvest timing,could substantially reduce yield and quality losses.Future progress will depend on bridging molecular insights with predictive models that capture mixed maturity and sprouting risk under variable environments.
基金supported by Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04008)the Jiujiang Municipal Key Research and Development Program(2025_001556)Lushan City Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents and Teams Program and Earmarked Fund for China Agricultural Research System(CARS-12)。
文摘Pod shattering,while a natural mechanism for seed dispersal,is an undesirable agronomic trait in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)that complicates mechanical harvesting.It typically causes yield losses of 5%-15%,which can be further worsened under dry and hot conditions.As most of the modern rapeseed cultivars remain susceptible to shattering,enhancing pod shattering resistance(PSR)is important to safeguard global rapeseed production.Significant progresses have been made in elucidating the molecular and genetic mechanisms of silique dehiscence in the model plant Arabidopsis and pod shattering in rapeseed.This review firstly summarizes the genetic network controlling silique dehiscence in Arabidopsis,which is largely conserved in closely related Brassica species.We then synthesize discoveries from both forward and reverse genetic studies in rapeseed.Finally,the major challenges and future prospects in PSR research and breeding are discussed in depth.
基金Project supported by the Research Foundation of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Speed Ship Engineering(Grant No. HSSE0803).
文摘The unsteady sheet cavitation of podded propeller was predicted by using a surface panel method. The interaction between propeller and pod was treated with the iterative calculation of induced velocity potential, and the method of induced velocity potential can save a great deal of storage and computation time compared to the method of induced velocity. The induced velocity potential of unit singularity on every pod panel to every key blade panel and of unit singularity on every key blade panel and its wake panel to every pod panel were calculated when the key blade is at every angle position. Based on the wake model of the conventional single propeller, a new wake model of podded propeller was constructed. The propeller is analyzed only on the key blade in order to save computation time and memory space. The method can be used to calculate the hydrodynamics performance and cavitation of propeller in uniform and non-uniform inflows. It can give the unsteady force and cavitation shape of propeller. The propeller cavitation range determined by the present method agrees with the observation results of cavity image given in cavitation tunnel well, and this proves the practicability of the method.
