BACKGROUND Anxiety,depression,and other negative emotions are common among patients with chronic renal failure(CRF).Analyzing the factors related to negative emotions is necessary to provide targeted nursing care.AIM ...BACKGROUND Anxiety,depression,and other negative emotions are common among patients with chronic renal failure(CRF).Analyzing the factors related to negative emotions is necessary to provide targeted nursing care.AIM To explore the correlations among life satisfaction,pleasure levels,and negative emotions in patients with CRF.METHODS One hundred patients with CRF who received therapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University between December 2022 and February 2025 were included.The Depression,Anxiety,and Stress Scale(DASS-21),Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS),and Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale(TEPS)were used to evaluate negative emotions,life satisfaction,and pleasure level,respectively.Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyzed the correlation between life satisfaction,pleasure level,and negative emotions.Linear regression analysis identified the factors affecting negative emotions.RESULTS The average DASS-21 score among patients with CRF was 51.90±2.30,with subscale scores of 17.90±1.50 for depression,18.53±1.18 for anxiety,and 15.47±2.36 for stress,all significantly higher than the domestic norm(P<0.05).The average SWLS score was 22.17±4.90.Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between the SWLS and total DASS-21 scores(P<0.05),but not with the individual depression,anxiety,or stress dimensions.The average TEPS score was 67.80±8.34.TEPS scores were negatively correlated with the DASS-21 score and the stress dimension(P<0.05),but not with depression or anxiety.Linear regression analysis showed that TEPS scores significantly influenced DASS-21 scores(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Patients with CRF experience high levels of negative emotions,which are negatively correlated with life satisfaction and pleasure.Furthermore,pleasure level had an impact on negative emotions.展开更多
The urban environment affects human behavior and health.Most studies on the feelings of street spaces have not considered a specific kind of realistic scene,such as running.To overcome this limitation,we explored the ...The urban environment affects human behavior and health.Most studies on the feelings of street spaces have not considered a specific kind of realistic scene,such as running.To overcome this limitation,we explored the relationship between the urban environment and the pleasure of running.We collected 8260 street view images from 153 running routes in Beijing and invited more than 400 volunteers of different genders and ages to rate their sense of pleasure in street view images of the urban running environment through an online survey.Then,the proportion of visual elements in street images was extracted based on semantic segmentation,and the landscape was divided.Finally,a linear mixed model was used to predict the pleasure scores of different gender and age groups for different landscapes.The results show significant differences in the pleasure scores for different landscapes and age groups.Middle-aged people’s sense of pleasure was lower than that of the young and the elderly.More greenery was associated with a higher pleasure score,while the proportion of urban elements such as buildings was negatively correlated with the pleasure score.The results indicate that running in a natural landscape is pleasurable and beneficial for mental health.展开更多
It is necessary to find a mechanism that generates first-person inner sensation of pleasure to understand what causes addiction and associated behaviour by drugs of abuse.The actual mechanism is expected to explain se...It is necessary to find a mechanism that generates first-person inner sensation of pleasure to understand what causes addiction and associated behaviour by drugs of abuse.The actual mechanism is expected to explain several disparate findings in nucleus accumbens(NAc),a brain region associated with pleasure,in an interconnected manner.Previously,it was possible to derive a mechanism for natural learning and explain:(1)Generation of inner sensation of memory using changes generated by learning;and(2)Long-term potentiation as an experimental delayed scaled-up change by the same mechanism that occur during natural learning.By extending these findings and by using disparate third person observations in NAc from several studies,present work provides a framework of a mechanism that generates internal sensation of pleasure that can provide interconnected explanations for:(1)Ability to induce robust long-term depression(LTD)in NAc from naïve animals;(2)Impaired ability to induce LTD in“addicted”state;(3)Attenuation of postsynaptic potentials by cocaine;and(4)Reduced firing of medium spiny neurons in response to cocaine or dopamine.Findings made by this work are testable.展开更多
Located at the fringe of the western plain in Sichuan Province and the confluence of the Minjiang, Qingyijiang and Daduhe Rivers, Leshan is an historic city of major importance to tourism. As one of the earliest towns...Located at the fringe of the western plain in Sichuan Province and the confluence of the Minjiang, Qingyijiang and Daduhe Rivers, Leshan is an historic city of major importance to tourism. As one of the earliest towns originally under the jurisdiction of Kai Ming Shi, the king of Shu during the Western Zhou Dynasty (B.C. 1066—展开更多
Most people would agree that reading is helpful in acquiring language. I present here a much stronger position:Genuinely interesting and comprehensible reading is not only the main source of literacy and language, but...Most people would agree that reading is helpful in acquiring language. I present here a much stronger position:Genuinely interesting and comprehensible reading is not only the main source of literacy and language, but alsoan important source of knowledge in a wide number of areas, and also contributes to our understanding of others,otherwise known as empathy.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">For past deca</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">des, research of designing </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"&...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">For past deca</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">des, research of designing </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pleasure</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> into products</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in the aca</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">demic community has produced a multitude of evaluation models and fra</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mework</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s. These models address the critical issues of plea</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">surable product design </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">leading to emotional design. This study is intended to explore the change fr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">om the need of “usability” for the product design to the need of “pleasure” for the user experience. The questionnaires were used to obtain data from 343 subjects. The four keyboard designs were adopted in the experiment to study the differ</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ence and the change from “usability” to</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> “pleasure” of users” preference. The results show that the need for pleasure is higher than usability, as well as </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">attractive things also transmit the feel of work better. Besides, preference is re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lated to gender, age, major, and educational background. Results presented her</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ein </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">provide designers with a valuable reference for examining the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> way how to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">design “pleasure” into product and the interactive experience of users in the de</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sign process.展开更多
Diminished social pleasure has been reported in people with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Previous studies suggested that emotional expressivity is closely correlated with social pleasure.However,the...Diminished social pleasure has been reported in people with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Previous studies suggested that emotional expressivity is closely correlated with social pleasure.However,the underlying psychological mechanisms between traits related to schizophrenia and ASD,emotional expressivity,and social pleasure remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between subclinical schizotypal and autistic traits,facial expressions,and social pleasure.Eighty-six healthy participants(mean age=20.35±0.26 years,44 males)were recruited to complete an emotion elicitation task and an autobiographical recalling task,while their facial expressions were videotaped for computerized analysis using the FaceReader.The intensity of different facial expressions(happy,sad,angry,surprised,scared,and disgusted),valence,and arousal were extracted.The self-report Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale(MSS),Autism-Spectrum Quotient(AQ),and Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale(ACIPS)were administered to measure subclinical traits and social pleasure.Partial correlation analysis and moderation analysis were performed.Both schizotypal and autistic traits were negatively correlated with social pleasure.The moderation effects of angry facial expression for both schizotypal and autistic traits on their associations with social pleasure were significant.In addition,scared and surprised facial expressions moderated the associations between positive and negative dimensions of schizotypy and social pleasure,while arousal moderated the associations between autistic traits and social pleasure.Our study identified different moderating effects of facial emotion expressions on schizotypal and social anhedonia and autistic traits and social anhedonia,thereby revealing possible different psychopathological mechanisms underlying similar social anhedonia in subclinical populations.展开更多
Evidence suggests that the motivation and pleasure deficit of negative symptoms determines the social functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.Alexithymia is defined as the diminished ability to id...Evidence suggests that the motivation and pleasure deficit of negative symptoms determines the social functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.Alexithymia is defined as the diminished ability to identify and describe emotion feelings,and influences patients'social functioning.However,little is known regarding the relationship between motivation and pleasure,alexithymia,and social functioning in nonclinical populations.This network analysis study aimed to investigate the interactions between motivation and pleasure,alexithymia and social functioning in a sample of 2889 college students.The flow network and item-level regularized partial correlation network were constructed.Centrality estimation and relative importance metrics were also estimated.The network structures between subgroups with high and low social anhedonia were compared.Our resultant networks showed that the motivation factor was closely connected with social functioning.The relative importance analysis found that,among other nodes,the motivation factor accounted for the highest proportion of variance of social functioning in the nonclinical sample.Although the two subgroups with high and low social anhedonia differed significantly in network structures,they generally shared a similar edge structure.The two subgroups only exhibited significant difference in the connection between the social pleasure factor and recreation/work pleasure factor of the motivation and pleasure.Our findings supported the important role of the motivation factor in determining social functioning in nonclinical population.展开更多
A craftsperson makes a celadon bowl at the Fenghuang Mountain Archaeological Site Park in Shangyu District of Shaoxing, east China’s Zhejiang Province, on January 22. As the birthplace of celadon, Shangyu is reviving...A craftsperson makes a celadon bowl at the Fenghuang Mountain Archaeological Site Park in Shangyu District of Shaoxing, east China’s Zhejiang Province, on January 22. As the birthplace of celadon, Shangyu is reviving the local culture by protecting relics, promoting celadon arts and boosting tourism.展开更多
Italian liner Costa Allegra will start its maiden voyage on the northern route this August.China Merchants International Travel,the general agent for Costa Allegra in north China,has made a block booking of the most p...Italian liner Costa Allegra will start its maiden voyage on the northern route this August.China Merchants International Travel,the general agent for Costa Allegra in north China,has made a block booking of the most popu-展开更多
The past years have witnessed a phenomenal growth of the mobile payment market,but how mobile payment affects purchase behavior receives less attention from academics.Recent studies suggested that lower pain of paying...The past years have witnessed a phenomenal growth of the mobile payment market,but how mobile payment affects purchase behavior receives less attention from academics.Recent studies suggested that lower pain of paying may not fully clarify the relationship between mobile payment and increased purchases(i.e.,mobile payment effect).The current research first introduced price level in Study 1 and demonstrated that the pain of paying served as an underlying mechanism only in the high-price condition rather than the low-price condition.As such,Study 2 was conducted in a low-price context to address the uncovered mechanisms.We propose a new concept of“pleasure of payment”that is defined as an implicit and consumption-related hedonic response based on the cue theory of consumption.By tracking spontaneous attention to positive attributes(i.e.,benefits)of products,Study 2 demonstrated this implicit pleasure as a psychological mechanism for the mobile payment effect when the pain of paying was not at play.These findings have important implications for mobile payment in research and practice by identifying price level as a boundary condition for the role of pain of paying and understanding the positive downstream consequences of mobile payment usage on consumer psychology.展开更多
"THE post office will allow the daughters of post and telecommunications staff to become postwomen," said father after he arrived home. That happened one day in early 1951. When I heard the news, I was so ha..."THE post office will allow the daughters of post and telecommunications staff to become postwomen," said father after he arrived home. That happened one day in early 1951. When I heard the news, I was so happy I jumped for joy. My展开更多
ONE of the most outstanding membersof the first women’s team to navigatethe Changjiang River from its glacialsource was known affectionately as "Granny" byher teammates. A septuagenarian retired doctor,and ...ONE of the most outstanding membersof the first women’s team to navigatethe Changjiang River from its glacialsource was known affectionately as "Granny" byher teammates. A septuagenarian retired doctor,and ardent adventure-seeker, Liu Sha has criss-crossed the country by foot, bike and now boatsince her retirement from Sichuan’s MianyangCenter Hospital in 1986.展开更多
It gives me great pleasure to join you in Guangzhou for the 2025 Understanding China Conference.Let me begin by extending,on behalf of the Chinese People's Institute of Foreign Affairs(CPIFA),co-host of the confer...It gives me great pleasure to join you in Guangzhou for the 2025 Understanding China Conference.Let me begin by extending,on behalf of the Chinese People's Institute of Foreign Affairs(CPIFA),co-host of the conference,a warm welcome to you all.I once had the fortune of living in this city for two and a half years.展开更多
Purpose: There have been many studies on the effects of different types of backpacks on posture from a biomechanical perspective and on the center of gravity. Considering the effects of autonomic nervous system activi...Purpose: There have been many studies on the effects of different types of backpacks on posture from a biomechanical perspective and on the center of gravity. Considering the effects of autonomic nervous system activity and mood associated with backpacks in mountaineering and hiking, research is also needed from a psychological perspective. In this study, the effects of adjusting the backpack shoulder stabilizer were preliminarily tested in terms of subjective fatigue and changes in autonomic nervous activity after hiking. Methods: The experimental 15 healthy participants hiked the mountain under two conditions: 1) without adjusting the stabilizer, a feature of the backpack (NAH condition), and 2) with the stabilizer adjusted (AH condition). First, all participants hiked the mountain in the NAH condition, and after a 30-minute break, they began the hike in the AH condition after confirming that a) their heart rate had recovered and b) they were in good physical condition. Results: HR was significantly lower after each hiking session than during the session. RMSSD was significantly lower pre-AH and post-AH than the NAH condition, but there was no significant difference between the NAH condition and either post-NAH or post-AH. Additionally, RMSSD was significantly lower in the AH condition than pre-AH or post-AH. The shoulders and back were significantly more burdened in the NAH condition than in the AH condition. The pleasure level was significantly higher in the AH condition than in the NAH condition. Conclusion: The results showed that also adjusting the position of the waist belt when adjusting the shoulder stabilizer, which is mainly used for the neck and shoulders, has a significant positive effect on the subjective burden on the upper body and parasympathetic nervous system activity after hiking.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Anxiety,depression,and other negative emotions are common among patients with chronic renal failure(CRF).Analyzing the factors related to negative emotions is necessary to provide targeted nursing care.AIM To explore the correlations among life satisfaction,pleasure levels,and negative emotions in patients with CRF.METHODS One hundred patients with CRF who received therapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University between December 2022 and February 2025 were included.The Depression,Anxiety,and Stress Scale(DASS-21),Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS),and Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale(TEPS)were used to evaluate negative emotions,life satisfaction,and pleasure level,respectively.Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyzed the correlation between life satisfaction,pleasure level,and negative emotions.Linear regression analysis identified the factors affecting negative emotions.RESULTS The average DASS-21 score among patients with CRF was 51.90±2.30,with subscale scores of 17.90±1.50 for depression,18.53±1.18 for anxiety,and 15.47±2.36 for stress,all significantly higher than the domestic norm(P<0.05).The average SWLS score was 22.17±4.90.Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between the SWLS and total DASS-21 scores(P<0.05),but not with the individual depression,anxiety,or stress dimensions.The average TEPS score was 67.80±8.34.TEPS scores were negatively correlated with the DASS-21 score and the stress dimension(P<0.05),but not with depression or anxiety.Linear regression analysis showed that TEPS scores significantly influenced DASS-21 scores(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Patients with CRF experience high levels of negative emotions,which are negatively correlated with life satisfaction and pleasure.Furthermore,pleasure level had an impact on negative emotions.
基金China’s National Key Research and Development Program,No.2017YFB0503500National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41901321。
文摘The urban environment affects human behavior and health.Most studies on the feelings of street spaces have not considered a specific kind of realistic scene,such as running.To overcome this limitation,we explored the relationship between the urban environment and the pleasure of running.We collected 8260 street view images from 153 running routes in Beijing and invited more than 400 volunteers of different genders and ages to rate their sense of pleasure in street view images of the urban running environment through an online survey.Then,the proportion of visual elements in street images was extracted based on semantic segmentation,and the landscape was divided.Finally,a linear mixed model was used to predict the pleasure scores of different gender and age groups for different landscapes.The results show significant differences in the pleasure scores for different landscapes and age groups.Middle-aged people’s sense of pleasure was lower than that of the young and the elderly.More greenery was associated with a higher pleasure score,while the proportion of urban elements such as buildings was negatively correlated with the pleasure score.The results indicate that running in a natural landscape is pleasurable and beneficial for mental health.
文摘It is necessary to find a mechanism that generates first-person inner sensation of pleasure to understand what causes addiction and associated behaviour by drugs of abuse.The actual mechanism is expected to explain several disparate findings in nucleus accumbens(NAc),a brain region associated with pleasure,in an interconnected manner.Previously,it was possible to derive a mechanism for natural learning and explain:(1)Generation of inner sensation of memory using changes generated by learning;and(2)Long-term potentiation as an experimental delayed scaled-up change by the same mechanism that occur during natural learning.By extending these findings and by using disparate third person observations in NAc from several studies,present work provides a framework of a mechanism that generates internal sensation of pleasure that can provide interconnected explanations for:(1)Ability to induce robust long-term depression(LTD)in NAc from naïve animals;(2)Impaired ability to induce LTD in“addicted”state;(3)Attenuation of postsynaptic potentials by cocaine;and(4)Reduced firing of medium spiny neurons in response to cocaine or dopamine.Findings made by this work are testable.
文摘Located at the fringe of the western plain in Sichuan Province and the confluence of the Minjiang, Qingyijiang and Daduhe Rivers, Leshan is an historic city of major importance to tourism. As one of the earliest towns originally under the jurisdiction of Kai Ming Shi, the king of Shu during the Western Zhou Dynasty (B.C. 1066—
文摘Most people would agree that reading is helpful in acquiring language. I present here a much stronger position:Genuinely interesting and comprehensible reading is not only the main source of literacy and language, but alsoan important source of knowledge in a wide number of areas, and also contributes to our understanding of others,otherwise known as empathy.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">For past deca</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">des, research of designing </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pleasure</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> into products</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in the aca</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">demic community has produced a multitude of evaluation models and fra</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mework</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s. These models address the critical issues of plea</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">surable product design </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">leading to emotional design. This study is intended to explore the change fr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">om the need of “usability” for the product design to the need of “pleasure” for the user experience. The questionnaires were used to obtain data from 343 subjects. The four keyboard designs were adopted in the experiment to study the differ</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ence and the change from “usability” to</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> “pleasure” of users” preference. The results show that the need for pleasure is higher than usability, as well as </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">attractive things also transmit the feel of work better. Besides, preference is re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lated to gender, age, major, and educational background. Results presented her</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ein </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">provide designers with a valuable reference for examining the</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> way how to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">design “pleasure” into product and the interactive experience of users in the de</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sign process.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,31871114,32061160468Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,ZR2021MC103.
文摘Diminished social pleasure has been reported in people with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Previous studies suggested that emotional expressivity is closely correlated with social pleasure.However,the underlying psychological mechanisms between traits related to schizophrenia and ASD,emotional expressivity,and social pleasure remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between subclinical schizotypal and autistic traits,facial expressions,and social pleasure.Eighty-six healthy participants(mean age=20.35±0.26 years,44 males)were recruited to complete an emotion elicitation task and an autobiographical recalling task,while their facial expressions were videotaped for computerized analysis using the FaceReader.The intensity of different facial expressions(happy,sad,angry,surprised,scared,and disgusted),valence,and arousal were extracted.The self-report Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale(MSS),Autism-Spectrum Quotient(AQ),and Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale(ACIPS)were administered to measure subclinical traits and social pleasure.Partial correlation analysis and moderation analysis were performed.Both schizotypal and autistic traits were negatively correlated with social pleasure.The moderation effects of angry facial expression for both schizotypal and autistic traits on their associations with social pleasure were significant.In addition,scared and surprised facial expressions moderated the associations between positive and negative dimensions of schizotypy and social pleasure,while arousal moderated the associations between autistic traits and social pleasure.Our study identified different moderating effects of facial emotion expressions on schizotypal and social anhedonia and autistic traits and social anhedonia,thereby revealing possible different psychopathological mechanisms underlying similar social anhedonia in subclinical populations.
基金supported by the Scientific Foundation of Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E2CX3415CX)the Philip K.H.Wong Foundation.
文摘Evidence suggests that the motivation and pleasure deficit of negative symptoms determines the social functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.Alexithymia is defined as the diminished ability to identify and describe emotion feelings,and influences patients'social functioning.However,little is known regarding the relationship between motivation and pleasure,alexithymia,and social functioning in nonclinical populations.This network analysis study aimed to investigate the interactions between motivation and pleasure,alexithymia and social functioning in a sample of 2889 college students.The flow network and item-level regularized partial correlation network were constructed.Centrality estimation and relative importance metrics were also estimated.The network structures between subgroups with high and low social anhedonia were compared.Our resultant networks showed that the motivation factor was closely connected with social functioning.The relative importance analysis found that,among other nodes,the motivation factor accounted for the highest proportion of variance of social functioning in the nonclinical sample.Although the two subgroups with high and low social anhedonia differed significantly in network structures,they generally shared a similar edge structure.The two subgroups only exhibited significant difference in the connection between the social pleasure factor and recreation/work pleasure factor of the motivation and pleasure.Our findings supported the important role of the motivation factor in determining social functioning in nonclinical population.
文摘A craftsperson makes a celadon bowl at the Fenghuang Mountain Archaeological Site Park in Shangyu District of Shaoxing, east China’s Zhejiang Province, on January 22. As the birthplace of celadon, Shangyu is reviving the local culture by protecting relics, promoting celadon arts and boosting tourism.
文摘Italian liner Costa Allegra will start its maiden voyage on the northern route this August.China Merchants International Travel,the general agent for Costa Allegra in north China,has made a block booking of the most popu-
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 71942004)the National Research Fund of China(grant AWS17J011 and grant BWS17J024).
文摘The past years have witnessed a phenomenal growth of the mobile payment market,but how mobile payment affects purchase behavior receives less attention from academics.Recent studies suggested that lower pain of paying may not fully clarify the relationship between mobile payment and increased purchases(i.e.,mobile payment effect).The current research first introduced price level in Study 1 and demonstrated that the pain of paying served as an underlying mechanism only in the high-price condition rather than the low-price condition.As such,Study 2 was conducted in a low-price context to address the uncovered mechanisms.We propose a new concept of“pleasure of payment”that is defined as an implicit and consumption-related hedonic response based on the cue theory of consumption.By tracking spontaneous attention to positive attributes(i.e.,benefits)of products,Study 2 demonstrated this implicit pleasure as a psychological mechanism for the mobile payment effect when the pain of paying was not at play.These findings have important implications for mobile payment in research and practice by identifying price level as a boundary condition for the role of pain of paying and understanding the positive downstream consequences of mobile payment usage on consumer psychology.
文摘"THE post office will allow the daughters of post and telecommunications staff to become postwomen," said father after he arrived home. That happened one day in early 1951. When I heard the news, I was so happy I jumped for joy. My
文摘ONE of the most outstanding membersof the first women’s team to navigatethe Changjiang River from its glacialsource was known affectionately as "Granny" byher teammates. A septuagenarian retired doctor,and ardent adventure-seeker, Liu Sha has criss-crossed the country by foot, bike and now boatsince her retirement from Sichuan’s MianyangCenter Hospital in 1986.
文摘It gives me great pleasure to join you in Guangzhou for the 2025 Understanding China Conference.Let me begin by extending,on behalf of the Chinese People's Institute of Foreign Affairs(CPIFA),co-host of the conference,a warm welcome to you all.I once had the fortune of living in this city for two and a half years.
文摘Purpose: There have been many studies on the effects of different types of backpacks on posture from a biomechanical perspective and on the center of gravity. Considering the effects of autonomic nervous system activity and mood associated with backpacks in mountaineering and hiking, research is also needed from a psychological perspective. In this study, the effects of adjusting the backpack shoulder stabilizer were preliminarily tested in terms of subjective fatigue and changes in autonomic nervous activity after hiking. Methods: The experimental 15 healthy participants hiked the mountain under two conditions: 1) without adjusting the stabilizer, a feature of the backpack (NAH condition), and 2) with the stabilizer adjusted (AH condition). First, all participants hiked the mountain in the NAH condition, and after a 30-minute break, they began the hike in the AH condition after confirming that a) their heart rate had recovered and b) they were in good physical condition. Results: HR was significantly lower after each hiking session than during the session. RMSSD was significantly lower pre-AH and post-AH than the NAH condition, but there was no significant difference between the NAH condition and either post-NAH or post-AH. Additionally, RMSSD was significantly lower in the AH condition than pre-AH or post-AH. The shoulders and back were significantly more burdened in the NAH condition than in the AH condition. The pleasure level was significantly higher in the AH condition than in the NAH condition. Conclusion: The results showed that also adjusting the position of the waist belt when adjusting the shoulder stabilizer, which is mainly used for the neck and shoulders, has a significant positive effect on the subjective burden on the upper body and parasympathetic nervous system activity after hiking.
