A cytotoxicity study based on keratinocytes was carried out to determine the safe dosing concentration of plant extract formulation(hereinafter referred to as the MOSOGY).On this basis,the 3D epidermal skin model(Epik...A cytotoxicity study based on keratinocytes was carried out to determine the safe dosing concentration of plant extract formulation(hereinafter referred to as the MOSOGY).On this basis,the 3D epidermal skin model(Epikutis^(®),which is abbreviated as Epikutis later)was stimulated with anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS)was used to construct an in vitro 3D epidermal skin injury model and detect the proinflammatory factor(IL-1α)after MOSOGY acted on the 3D epidermal skin model.Additionally,capsaicin(CAP)was used to stimulate the 3D epidermal skin model(EpiKutis)to detect changes in the content of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1)after MOSOGY treatment.The hydration levels of the stratum corneum were tested using the 3D epidermal skin model.A hyaluronidase(HAase)inhibition experiment was conducted to assess the soothing effect of BSBE.The experimental results showed that MOSOGY exhibited no significant cytotoxicity within the concentration range of 0~2.50%At a concentration of 2.00%,the inhibition rates of IL-1αand PGE2 were 15.71%and 19.00%respectively.At a concentration of 5.00%,MOSOGY exhibited inhibition rates of 43.76%for TRPV1 and 11.11%for IL-1α.MOSOGY at concentrations of 1.00%and 5.00%showed inhibition rates of 76.50%and 86.50%for HAase,respectively.The moisturizing efficacy test showed that at the concentration of 5.00%,the water content of the stratum corneum of the 3D epidermal skin model increased by 31.91%.In addition,the 3D epidermal skin model used in this experiment has the characteristics of layered structure,physiological and metabolic functions that are highly similar to natural human skin.The above research shows that MOSOGY at a certain concentration effectively inhibits IL-1α,PGE2,TRPV1 and HAase in human skin,especially the inhibition rate of HAase is more than 70.00%,indicating that BSBE have strong anti-allergic effect,and skin hydration of the 3D epidermal skin model also has a significant increase.The results indicate that MOSOGY exhibits inhibitory effects on IL-1α,PGE2,TRPV1,and HAase,achieving significant soothing and reparative effects through the inhibition of multiple targets.Additionally,it demonstrates good moisturizing efficacy and safety,making it suitable for use in cosmetics with corresponding efficacy claims.展开更多
BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inf...BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,have shown promising effects.However,poor bioavailability limits their clinical application.AIM To map global research trends,key contributors,and emerging themes in plant-based therapies combined with advanced drug delivery systems for liver health.METHODS Using the Scopus database,645 documents were retrieved and analyzed using bibliometric tools Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.Analysis focused on publication trends,geographical contributions,and advancements in drug delivery technologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,and polymeric micelles.Metrics such as publication growth rate,authorship collaboration,and thematic clustering were assessed.RESULTS The dataset spans 43 years(1981-2024),with an annual growth rate of 11.09%in the number of publications.Research output is dominated by China(33%),followed by the United States(24%)and India(18%).Collaborative studies accounted for 24.34%of publications,with an average of 5.81 co-authors per document.Key innovations include nanoparticle encapsulation of curcumin and silymarin,improving bioavailability by up to 85%.Highly cited studies demonstrated the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-fibrotic properties of these compounds.For instance,curcumin nanoparticles showed a 70%improvement in solubility,and silymarin liposomal formulations enhanced therapeutic efficiency by 62%.Thematic analysis revealed a transition from basic clinical observations to molecular and pharmacokinetic research,with a focus on oxidative stress mitigation and hepatoprotection.CONCLUSION This study highlights the growing synergy between plant-based therapies and advanced drug delivery systems,with significant contributions from Asian and Western countries.Future efforts should prioritize clinical trials,standardization of plant extract formulations,and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize therapeutic outcomes.The findings provide a foundation for integrating plant-derived compounds into evidence-based hepatological therapies,addressing critical challenges in bioavailability and safety.展开更多
[Objectives]Using Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream as an example,this study employed network pharmacology to investigate the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of the combination of calamine,zinc oxid...[Objectives]Using Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream as an example,this study employed network pharmacology to investigate the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of the combination of calamine,zinc oxide,and plant extracts in eczema intervention.[Methods]Active constituents of Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream were identified through screening using the HIT2.0,HERB,and TCMSP databases.Corresponding targets of the active constituents were predicted using NetInfer.The collected targets were intersected with eczema and atopic dermatitis(AD)-related targets obtained from the GeneCards database to identify the effective therapeutic targets of Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream.The network diagram of effective active constituents versus therapeutic targets for Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream was constructed and subjected to topological analysis using Cytoscape software.The Protein-Protein Interaction(PPI)network was established and analyzed using the String database,Cytoscape software,and the cytoHubba plugin to identify key hub genes.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the therapeutic targets using the DAVID database.[Results]Screening identified 57 active constituents in Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream,corresponding to 601 potential targets.Subsequent analysis revealed 72 core therapeutic targets of Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream specifically relevant to eczema and AD.Analysis of the network diagram suggested that Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream may exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects through active constituents such as quercetin,luteolin,and apigenin,while concurrently repairing skin barrier function by acting on targets including AKT1,NF-κB,and STAT3.Furthermore,the inclusion of mineral-based medicines provides additional functions such as itch relief and reinforcement of the skin barrier.[Conclusions]Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream combines organic and inorganic constituents,synergistically alleviating the adverse symptoms of eczema and AD through multiple pathways.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to develop potential natural plant products for controlling walnut blight pathogen and other bacteria. [Method] Inhibitory effects of extracts obtained from 15 plants with 3 solven...[Objective] This study was conducted to develop potential natural plant products for controlling walnut blight pathogen and other bacteria. [Method] Inhibitory effects of extracts obtained from 15 plants with 3 solvents on bacteria were investi- gated by disk diffusion method. [Results] Except the extracts from Magnolia grandi- flora and Typha orientalis, extracts of 13 plant leaves presented inhibitory effects on 5 bacteria strains to certain degrees. Among them, the effect of water extract of Aesculu schinensis on Bacillus sp. XHE8 was the strongest, with inhibition zone di- ameter reaching （31.3＋3.9） mm and the ratio to control above 5.0. Four of the 5 tested strains were sensitive to the extracts of Sambucus chinensis, and 3 of them were inhibited by Ophiopegon japonicas extracts and Reineckia camea extracts, with ratios of treatment to control large than 1.5 in all. Leaf extract of A. chinensis had significant anti-bacteria ability, and could be used as a potential plant source for bactericide. [Conclusion] The results laid a foundation for exploring active com- pounds and elucidating the mechanism in it.展开更多
<abstract>Aim: To identify possible spermicidal agents through screening a number of edible medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity. Methods: Initial screening was made on the basis of ram cauda epididymal ...<abstract>Aim: To identify possible spermicidal agents through screening a number of edible medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity. Methods: Initial screening was made on the basis of ram cauda epididymal sperm immobilization immediately after addition of extracts. The most potent extract was selected and was evaluated on both ram and human spermatozoa. To unravel its mode of action several sperm functional tests were carried out, namely viability of cells, hypo-osmotic swelling test for membrane integrity and assays of membrane-bound enzyme 5'-nucleotidase and acrosomal marker enzyme acrosin. Results: The crude aqueous extract of the bulb of Allium sativum L. showed the most promising results by instant immobilization of the ram epididymal sperm at 0.25 g/mL and human ejaculated sperm at 0.5 g/mL. Sperm immobilizing effects were irreversible and the factor of the extract responsible for immobilization was thermostable up to 90 癈. On boiling at 100 癈 for 10 minutes, this activity was markedly reduced. Moreover, this extract was able to cause aggregation of ram sperms into small clusters after 30 minutes of incubation at 37 癈. However this property was not found in human spermatozoa. More than 50 % reduction in sperm viability and hypo-osmotic swelling occurred in treated sperm as compared with the controls, indicating the possibility of plasma membrane disintegration which was further supported by the significant reduction in the activity of membrane bound 5'-nucleotidase and acrosomal acrosin. Conclusion: The crude aqueous extract of A. sativum bulb possesses spermicidal activity in vitro.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To investigate analgesic, antidiarrhoeal and cytotoxic activities of the ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida L. （Passifloraceae） by three experimental methods. METHODS： Analgesic activity of the ethan...OBJECTIVE： To investigate analgesic, antidiarrhoeal and cytotoxic activities of the ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida L. （Passifloraceae） by three experimental methods. METHODS： Analgesic activity of the ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida L. （EEPF） was carried out using acetic acid-induced writhing inhibition in mice. The method of castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice was utilized to evaluate antidiarrhoeal activity. The cytotoxic activity of EEPF was explored with a brine shrimp lethality bioassay. RESULTS： The extract showed 68.75% and 30.00% inhibition of writhe at the doses of 500 and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The extract increased the mean latent period prior to diarrhoeal onset to about 1.55 h and 1.17 h, and decreased the mean number of stools to 4.4 and 5.6 at the doses of 500 and 250 mg/kg body weight. The extract also demonstrated cytotoxic activity in the brine shrimp lethality assay, and the median lethal concentration for brine shrimp nauplii was 80 pg/mL. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that the plant extract has analgesic and antidiarrhoeal activities, supporting its uses in traditional medicine. The results also demonstrate that the plant extract possesses cytotoxic activities.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： Methylation-specific epigenetic process and gene expression profiles of HeLa cells treated with ultra-high dilutions （HDs） of two plant extracts, Hydrastis canadensis （HC-30） and Marsdenia condurango ...OBJECTIVE： Methylation-specific epigenetic process and gene expression profiles of HeLa cells treated with ultra-high dilutions （HDs） of two plant extracts, Hydrastis canadensis （HC-30） and Marsdenia condurango （Condu-30）, diluted 106o times, were analyzed against placebo 30C （PI-30） for alterations in gene profiles linked to epigenetic modifications. METHODS： Separate groups of cells were subjected to treatment of Condu-30, HC-30, and PI- 30 prepared by serial dilutions and succussions. Global microarray data recorded on Affymetrix platform, using 25-mer probes were provided by iLifeDiscoveries, India. Slides were scanned with 3000 7G microarray scanner and raw data sets were extracted from Cel （raw intensity） files. Analyses of global microarray data profile, differential gene expression, fold change and clusters were made using GeneSpring GX12.5 software and standard normalization procedure. Before microarray study, concentration of RNA （ng/IJL）, RIN value and rRNA ratio for all the samples were analysed by Agilant Bioanalyzer 2100. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and quantitative RT- PCR were done for analyzing SMAD-4 expression. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting study was further made to elucidate fate of cells at divisional stages. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay was conducted for ascertaining methylation status of DNA at specific sites. RESULTS： HDs of HC-30 and Condu-30 differentially altered methylation in specific regions of DNA and expression profiles of certain genes linked to carcinogenesis, as compared to PI-30. Two separate cut sites were found in genomic DNA of untreated and placebo-treated HeLa cells when digested with McrBC, compared to a single cut observed in Condu-30-treated genomic DNA. SMAD-4 gene expression validated the expression pattern observed in microarray profile. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay elucidated differential epigenetic modifications in drug-treated and control cells. CONCLUSION： HDs triggered epigenetic modifications and alterations in microarray gene expression profiles of many genes associated with carcinogenesis in HeLa cells in vitro.展开更多
The effect of Argan plant extract （APE） on the corrosion of the steel in hydrochloric acid medium was studied using gravimetric, electrochemical polarization and impedance spectroscopy （EIS） measurements. Inhibiti...The effect of Argan plant extract （APE） on the corrosion of the steel in hydrochloric acid medium was studied using gravimetric, electrochemical polarization and impedance spectroscopy （EIS） measurements. Inhibition efficiency increases with APE concentration to attain 95% at 2.5 g/L. We note good agreement between gravimetric and electrochemical methods （potentiodynamic polarization and EIS）. Effect of temperature is also made in the 298-328 K range. Polarization measurements show also that APE act as a mixed inhibitor. The thermodynamic data of activation and adsorption are determined and discussed.展开更多
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is a significant global soft fruit crop, prized for its nutrient content and pleasant flavor. However, diseases, particularly grey mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. ...Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is a significant global soft fruit crop, prized for its nutrient content and pleasant flavor. However, diseases, particularly grey mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. poses major constraints to strawberry production and productivity. Grey mold severely impacts fruit quality and quantity, diminishing market value. This study evaluated five B. cinerea isolates from various locations in the Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya. All isolates were pathogenic, with isolate SGM 2 identified as highly virulent. Host range studies showed the pathogen-producing symptoms in the fava bean pods, marigold, gerbera, and chrysanthemum flowers and in the fava bean, gerbera, and lettuce leaves. In vitro tests revealed that neem extract (15% w/v) achieved the highest mycelial growth inhibition at 76.66%, while black turmeric extract (5% w/v) had the lowest inhibition at 9.62%. Dual culture methods with bio-control agents indicated that Bacillus subtilis recorded the highest mean inhibition at 77.03%, while Pseudomonas fluorescens had the lowest at 20.36% against the two virulent isolates. Pot evaluations demonstrated that B. subtilis resulted in the lowest percent disease index at 20.59%, followed by neem extract at 23.31%, with the highest disease index in the control group at 42.51%. Additionally, B. subtilis significantly improved plant growth, yielding an average of 0.32 kg compared to 0.14 kg in the control. The promising results of B. subtilis and neem leaf extract from this study suggest their potential for eco-friendly managing grey mold in strawberries under field conditions.展开更多
Background: Our previous study showed that 3 plant extracts enhanced the immune responses and growth efficiency of weaned pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), which is one of ...Background: Our previous study showed that 3 plant extracts enhanced the immune responses and growth efficiency of weaned pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), which is one of the most economically important disease in swine industry. However, each plant extract differently effected on growth efficiency and immune responses. Therefore, the objective of this study was conducted to characterize the effects and investigate the potential underlying mechanisms of 3 plant extracts on gene expression of alveolar macrophages in weaned pigs experimentally infected with PRRSV.Results: PRRSV infection altered(P < 0.05) the expression of 1,352 genes in pigs fed the control(CON;755 up, 597 down). Compared with the infected CON, feeding capsicum(CAP), garlic botanical(GAR), or turmeric oleoresin(TUR) altered the expression of 46 genes(24 up, 22 down), 134 genes(59 up, 75 down), or 98 genes(55 up, 43 down) in alveolar macrophages of PRRSV-infected pigs, respectively. PRRSV infection up-regulated(P < 0.05) the expression of genes related to cell apoptosis, immune system process, and response to stimulus, but downregulated(P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in signaling transduction and innate immune response.Compared with the infected CON, feeding TUR or GAR reduced(P < 0.05) the expression of genes associated with antigen processing and presentation, feeding CAP up-regulated(P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in antigen processing and presentation. Supplementation of CAP, GAR, or TUR also enhanced(P < 0.05) the expression of several genes related to amino acid metabolism, steroid hormone synthesis, or RNA degradation, respectively.Conclusions: The results suggest that 3 plant extracts differently regulated the expression of genes in alveolar macrophages of PRRSV-infected pigs, especially altering genes involved in immunity.展开更多
In near-infrared (NIR) analysis of plant extracts, excessive background often exists in near-infrared spectra. The detection of active constituents is difficult because of excessive background, and correction of this ...In near-infrared (NIR) analysis of plant extracts, excessive background often exists in near-infrared spectra. The detection of active constituents is difficult because of excessive background, and correction of this problem remains difficult. In this work, the orthogonal signal correction (OSC) method was used to correct excessive background. The method was also compared with several classical background correction methods, such as offset correction, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variate (SNV) transformation, de-trending (DT), first derivative, second derivative and wavelet methods. A simulated dataset and a real NIR spectral dataset were used to test the efficiency of different background correction methods. The results showed that OSC is the only effective method for correcting excessive background.展开更多
The efficacy of ethanol extracts from four plants, Dennettia tripetala Baker, Eugenia aromatica Baillon, Piper guineense Thonn et Schum and Anchomanes difformis P. Beauv. as bioinsecticides for control of adult Sitoph...The efficacy of ethanol extracts from four plants, Dennettia tripetala Baker, Eugenia aromatica Baillon, Piper guineense Thonn et Schum and Anchomanes difformis P. Beauv. as bioinsecticides for control of adult Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Tribolium castaneum Herbst, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, Oryzaephilus mercator Fauvel and Lasioderma serricorne Fabricius were determined at two concentrations (0.5% and 2.0%) in the laboratory. All extracts were toxic to beetles with E. aromatica being the most potent of four plant materials tested and had the least LT 50 value. This was followed by A. difformis extract. At 2.0% v/w extract concentration, percentage grain damage by insects in treated grains stored for 90 days was nil. Grains protected with A. difformis had the least percentage seedgerminationof62.50%whilethoseprotectedwithP.guineensehadthehighestpercentagegermination(74.58%)at2.0% extract concentration. The mean percentage germination in the control was 72.72%. Treatment of grains with plant extracts had no significant (P>0.05) effect on its water absorption capacity.展开更多
Objective:To investigate anti-quorum sensing(anti-QS)and anti-biofilm formation(antiBF)activities of the ethanol extracts of 388 plants.Methods:The anti-QS activity of the plant extracts was evaluated by disc-diffusio...Objective:To investigate anti-quorum sensing(anti-QS)and anti-biofilm formation(antiBF)activities of the ethanol extracts of 388 plants.Methods:The anti-QS activity of the plant extracts was evaluated by disc-diffusion assays using the bio-reporter strain,Chromobacterium violaceum CV017.Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1,Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC 9610,and Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58,which possess QS systems,were used to evaluate the antiBF activity of the plant extracts.Results:Among 388 plant extracts,the Cornus controversa(C.controversa)and Cynanchum wilfordii extracts exhibited the strongest anti-QS activity.The C.controversa extract exhibited anti-BF activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Yersinia enterocolitica and Agrobacterium tumefaciens,whereas the Cynanchum wilfordii extract exhibited no anti-BF activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.In addition,the C.controversa extract suppressed soft rot of cabbage.Conclusions:The C.controversa extract inhibits bacterial QS and BF,and is capable of controlling soft rot.Therefore,this extract has potential for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections and for the development of alternatives to antibiotics.展开更多
Many kinds of feed additives （e.g., probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, etc.） can be used in chicken diets to stimulate intestinal morphological maturation and, consequently, intestinal function. The aim of this tr...Many kinds of feed additives （e.g., probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, etc.） can be used in chicken diets to stimulate intestinal morphological maturation and, consequently, intestinal function. The aim of this trial was to investigate the possibility that natural zeolite including plant extract （ZEM） could encourage the hypertrophy of intestinal villi and the absorptive function of epithelial cells in broiler chickens. At 7 days old, 64 male Marshall Chunky broilers were divided into four groups, each with four replicates of four chickens. The birds were fed a basal mash diet supplemented with ZEM at 0% （control）, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% for 42 days. At 49 days old, four chickens from each treatment were killed to obtain intestinal samples. Morphological intestinal assessment was conducted using both a light and a scanning electron microscope. A tendency to increased villus height and cell area could be observed throughout the intestinal segments of the broilers fed ZEM. Particularly, the villus height in the duodenum was significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） in the 0.05% ZEM group when compared with the control group. The area of the villus cells tended to be higher in the ZEM groups in all intestinal regions and showed a significant increase （P 〈 0.05） in the ileal part of the 0.2% ZEM group. Also, the assessment of cells mitosis in the intestinal crypts showed significantly higher numbers （P 〈 0.05） in all levels of ZEM groups in the duodenum and a tendency to increase in value in the jejunum and ileum, as compared with the control group. More protuberated cells and multi-cell clusters were found in the ZEM groups than in the control group, resulting in a rough cellular surface. In conclusion, the present study might suggest that the intestinal villi and epithelial cells on the villus apical surface are hypertrophied in the ZEM groups, and that intestinal villi adapt to enhance their absorption capacity by increasing the absorptive surface area. These results are indicated that ZEM can provide effective nutritive value when used as a feed additive.展开更多
The Aedes(Ae.)aegypti and Ae.albopictus mosquitoes are vectors of epidemiologically relevant arboviruses in the public health context,such as the dengue,Zika and chikungunya viruses.Among the alternatives to synthetic...The Aedes(Ae.)aegypti and Ae.albopictus mosquitoes are vectors of epidemiologically relevant arboviruses in the public health context,such as the dengue,Zika and chikungunya viruses.Among the alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the control of these vectors,the use of natural plant products deserves attention.This review summarizes findings on the larvicidal potential of plant extracts on Ae.aegypti and Ae.albopictus,as well as the potential of isolated compounds from plants of the Annonaceae and Piperaceae families against these vectors.Descriptors related to larvicidal activity of plant extracts and isolated compounds in Aedes spp.in the Web of Science database were used,for plant extracts considering publications between 2000 and 2019.A total of 859 articles were analyzed for plant extracts and estimates of lethal concentration values(LC50 and LC90).In the end,95 articles that presented the larvicidal potential of 150 plant species from 52 families were analyzed.The two families most studied for this activity were Fabaceae and Asterace Aedes.The plant families with the best LC50 values against mosquitoes were Piperaceae and Annonaceae.Larvicidal activity of 50 acetogenins has already been identified on Ae.aegypti,and 29 of them presented LC50 below 10μg/mL,as well as the larvicidal activity of 8 compounds isolated from Piperaceae.Therefore,plants of these two families are promising for the development of commercial botanical larvicides in the form of extracts and isolated substances,as well as the production via organic synthesis of the most active compounds.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to screen out plants which had strong contact activity against Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach. [Method] Twenty plant species which were collected from Gupo Mountain in Hezhou of China were extract...[Objective] The aim was to screen out plants which had strong contact activity against Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach. [Method] Twenty plant species which were collected from Gupo Mountain in Hezhou of China were extracted with methanol by cold soaking method. Contact activities of 20 methanol plant extracts against L. erysimi were determined by capillary micro spot method. [Result] The methanol extracts from Mussaenda esquirolli Levi. and Folium trematis Orientalis had the highest contact activities against L. erysimi at the dose of 10 p^g/head, and their 24 h corrected mortality rates were 92.22% and 92.15%, respectively; followed by Folium trematis and Viola hossei, with 24 h corrected mortality rate of 87.59% and 82.95%, respectively. The methanol extract of Hedyotis lancea had medium activity, with 24 h corrected mortality rate of 65.52%. Methanol extracts of the other plants had low contact activities against L. erysimi, with the corrected mortality rate lower than 50%. The methanol extracts of M. esquiroUi, F. variolosa and F. trematis had high contact toxicity, with LDS0 of 0. 768 6, 0.784 1 and 1. 504 4 μg/head, respectively. [ Conclusion] M. esquirolli, F. variolosa and F. trematis show exploitation potential, and they are worth further studying.展开更多
A potential method to inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth in meat is through the introduction of plant-derived antimicrobials. Because these antimicrobials may also adversely affect the sensory characteristics of the ...A potential method to inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth in meat is through the introduction of plant-derived antimicrobials. Because these antimicrobials may also adversely affect the sensory characteristics of the meat, the objectives of this study were 1) to define the appropriate concentrations of olive extract, apple extract, oregano oil, and cinnamon oil added to ground pork that are acceptable to a sensory panel, and 2) to determine their antimicrobial activities against <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Typhimurium DT104 in inoculated ground pork. Plant extracts were evaluated against two initial inoculum levels (6 and 4 log CFU/g of pork) of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Sensory tests showed that acceptable concentrations of oregano and cinnamon oils were 0.5% and of olive and apple extracts were 3%, respectively. Ground pork samples were inoculated with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, treated with antimicrobials at various concentrations (0.1%</span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.5% cinnamon and oregano essential oils and 3%</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5% olive and apple extracts), and stored at 4<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C for 7 days. Survivors were enumerated at days 0, 3, 5, and 7. Cinnamon oil at 0.5% and olive extract at 3% induced a 1.0 and a 0.9 log CFU/g (from 6-log CFU/g initial inoculum) reduction, respectively, at day 7. At 3%, olive extract showed a 1.06 log CFU/g maximum reduction of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span></span></span><span><span><span><span>4-log CFU/g initial inoculum. Pork samples containing oregano oil and apple extract did not show a significant reduction compared to the control without the antimicrobials. The results indicate that cinnamon oil and olive extract can potentially be applied at consumer-acceptable concentrations against low levels of </span><i><span>S.</span></i><span> Typhimurium DT104 in ground pork.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to investigate the impact of plant extracts replacing anticoccidial drugs on growth performance and fecal coccidia count in broilers.[Method]A total of 234 one-day-old healthy yellow-feathered...[Objective]The paper was to investigate the impact of plant extracts replacing anticoccidial drugs on growth performance and fecal coccidia count in broilers.[Method]A total of 234 one-day-old healthy yellow-feathered broilers were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,with 6 replicates in each group and 13 broilers in each replicate.The test lasted for a total of 55 d,The control group was fed the basic diet,the anticoccidial group was fed the basic diet+500 g/t dinitolmide,and the plant extract group was fed the basic diet+500 g/t plant extract.[Result]The daily gain of the plant extract group from 1 to 21 days of age was significantly higher than that of the anticoccidial drug group(P<0.05),and the feed/gain ratio was significantly lower than that of the anticoccidial drug group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in daily gain and feed intake between the plant extract group and the anticoccidial drug group from 1 to 55 days of age(P>0.05),and the feed/gain ratio was reduced by 6.30%and the mortality and culling rate was reduced by 10.26%.The number of fecal coccidia at 33 days of age in the plant extract group was found to be significantly lower than that observed in the anticoccidial group and the control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the administration of plant extracts resulted in a notable enhancement in the growth performance of chicks aged 1-21 days,when compared with the use of anticoccidial drugs.No significant difference was observed in growth performance between the plant extract and the anticoccidial drugs from 1 to 55 days of age.The administration of plant extracts resulted in a notable reduction in the fecal coccidia count.[Conclusion]Plant extracts may serve as viable alternatives to anticoccidial drugs and show promise for application in animal husbandry.展开更多
Controlling fertility of rodent pests has become an effective means of controlling the population of grassland rodents in China. Recently, research has focused on how to select environmentally-friendly sterilants with...Controlling fertility of rodent pests has become an effective means of controlling the population of grassland rodents in China. Recently, research has focused on how to select environmentally-friendly sterilants without pollution effects, and to realize sustainable control of pest rodent populations. Sterilants from plant extracts have been mainly selected. In this study, mice were used as the experimental subjects for research on the anti-fertility effects of plant extracts of shikonin and the anti-fertility mechanism of shikonin extract was determined. The mice were divided into four groups, including one control group and three experimental groups. There were three applications of shikonin extract in different concentrations (5 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>, 20 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> and 50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>). The mice gavage experiments indicated that a shikonin concentration of 50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> had the expected anti-fertility effects. Mice copulation experiments showed that the 50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> shikonin treatment had significant anti-fertility effects on both female-treatment and female-male-treatment groups. The results of the PCR analysis on the AgRP and ghrelin mRNA from female ovaries and male testicles indicated that shikonin could control mice reproduction by regulating the pituitary gonadal axis. Shikonin, as plant source sterile agent, would have more ideal effects for functioned both sexes sterility.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to screen the plant extracts with strong antifungal activity. [Method] With R. solani as the test object, the antifungal activities of 30 kinds of plant extracts were carried out primary scree...[Objective]The paper was to screen the plant extracts with strong antifungal activity. [Method] With R. solani as the test object, the antifungal activities of 30 kinds of plant extracts were carried out primary screening by mycelial growth rate method. [Result] Twelve kinds of plant extracts including Pinus yunnanensis （leaf）, Phryma leptostachya （stem and leaf）, Pueraria peduncularis （root, stem and leaf）, Pinus armandiifruit （fruit）, Aconitum brachypodum （stem and leaf）, Phellodendron amurense （stem and leaf）, Rhaponticum uniflorum （root）, Alnus cremastogyne （leaf）, Rehmannia glutinosa （root）, Cryptomeria fortunei （stem and leaf） and Berberis pruinosa （stem and leaf） had strong activities against R. solani with growth inhibition rates over 80% as the concentration was 10 mg/ml,among which the extracts of P. yunnanensis （leaf）, P. leptostachya （stem and leaf）, P. peduncularis （root, stem and leaf） and P. armandiifruit （fruit） showed the inhibition rate above 95%, significantly higher than other plant extracts. The secondary screening results of antifungal activities of the above 12 plant extracts were consistent with the primary screening. [Conclusion] The study laid foundation for further development of high efficient, safe and environmental-friendly new fungicides.展开更多
文摘A cytotoxicity study based on keratinocytes was carried out to determine the safe dosing concentration of plant extract formulation(hereinafter referred to as the MOSOGY).On this basis,the 3D epidermal skin model(Epikutis^(®),which is abbreviated as Epikutis later)was stimulated with anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS)was used to construct an in vitro 3D epidermal skin injury model and detect the proinflammatory factor(IL-1α)after MOSOGY acted on the 3D epidermal skin model.Additionally,capsaicin(CAP)was used to stimulate the 3D epidermal skin model(EpiKutis)to detect changes in the content of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1)after MOSOGY treatment.The hydration levels of the stratum corneum were tested using the 3D epidermal skin model.A hyaluronidase(HAase)inhibition experiment was conducted to assess the soothing effect of BSBE.The experimental results showed that MOSOGY exhibited no significant cytotoxicity within the concentration range of 0~2.50%At a concentration of 2.00%,the inhibition rates of IL-1αand PGE2 were 15.71%and 19.00%respectively.At a concentration of 5.00%,MOSOGY exhibited inhibition rates of 43.76%for TRPV1 and 11.11%for IL-1α.MOSOGY at concentrations of 1.00%and 5.00%showed inhibition rates of 76.50%and 86.50%for HAase,respectively.The moisturizing efficacy test showed that at the concentration of 5.00%,the water content of the stratum corneum of the 3D epidermal skin model increased by 31.91%.In addition,the 3D epidermal skin model used in this experiment has the characteristics of layered structure,physiological and metabolic functions that are highly similar to natural human skin.The above research shows that MOSOGY at a certain concentration effectively inhibits IL-1α,PGE2,TRPV1 and HAase in human skin,especially the inhibition rate of HAase is more than 70.00%,indicating that BSBE have strong anti-allergic effect,and skin hydration of the 3D epidermal skin model also has a significant increase.The results indicate that MOSOGY exhibits inhibitory effects on IL-1α,PGE2,TRPV1,and HAase,achieving significant soothing and reparative effects through the inhibition of multiple targets.Additionally,it demonstrates good moisturizing efficacy and safety,making it suitable for use in cosmetics with corresponding efficacy claims.
文摘BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,have shown promising effects.However,poor bioavailability limits their clinical application.AIM To map global research trends,key contributors,and emerging themes in plant-based therapies combined with advanced drug delivery systems for liver health.METHODS Using the Scopus database,645 documents were retrieved and analyzed using bibliometric tools Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.Analysis focused on publication trends,geographical contributions,and advancements in drug delivery technologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,and polymeric micelles.Metrics such as publication growth rate,authorship collaboration,and thematic clustering were assessed.RESULTS The dataset spans 43 years(1981-2024),with an annual growth rate of 11.09%in the number of publications.Research output is dominated by China(33%),followed by the United States(24%)and India(18%).Collaborative studies accounted for 24.34%of publications,with an average of 5.81 co-authors per document.Key innovations include nanoparticle encapsulation of curcumin and silymarin,improving bioavailability by up to 85%.Highly cited studies demonstrated the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-fibrotic properties of these compounds.For instance,curcumin nanoparticles showed a 70%improvement in solubility,and silymarin liposomal formulations enhanced therapeutic efficiency by 62%.Thematic analysis revealed a transition from basic clinical observations to molecular and pharmacokinetic research,with a focus on oxidative stress mitigation and hepatoprotection.CONCLUSION This study highlights the growing synergy between plant-based therapies and advanced drug delivery systems,with significant contributions from Asian and Western countries.Future efforts should prioritize clinical trials,standardization of plant extract formulations,and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize therapeutic outcomes.The findings provide a foundation for integrating plant-derived compounds into evidence-based hepatological therapies,addressing critical challenges in bioavailability and safety.
基金Supported by Putuo District Science and Technology R&D Platform Project,Shanghai(2024QX04).
文摘[Objectives]Using Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream as an example,this study employed network pharmacology to investigate the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of the combination of calamine,zinc oxide,and plant extracts in eczema intervention.[Methods]Active constituents of Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream were identified through screening using the HIT2.0,HERB,and TCMSP databases.Corresponding targets of the active constituents were predicted using NetInfer.The collected targets were intersected with eczema and atopic dermatitis(AD)-related targets obtained from the GeneCards database to identify the effective therapeutic targets of Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream.The network diagram of effective active constituents versus therapeutic targets for Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream was constructed and subjected to topological analysis using Cytoscape software.The Protein-Protein Interaction(PPI)network was established and analyzed using the String database,Cytoscape software,and the cytoHubba plugin to identify key hub genes.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the therapeutic targets using the DAVID database.[Results]Screening identified 57 active constituents in Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream,corresponding to 601 potential targets.Subsequent analysis revealed 72 core therapeutic targets of Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream specifically relevant to eczema and AD.Analysis of the network diagram suggested that Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream may exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects through active constituents such as quercetin,luteolin,and apigenin,while concurrently repairing skin barrier function by acting on targets including AKT1,NF-κB,and STAT3.Furthermore,the inclusion of mineral-based medicines provides additional functions such as itch relief and reinforcement of the skin barrier.[Conclusions]Calamine Zinc Oxide Phytocomplex Cream combines organic and inorganic constituents,synergistically alleviating the adverse symptoms of eczema and AD through multiple pathways.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(31200488,31370692)Surface Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2014CFB573)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to develop potential natural plant products for controlling walnut blight pathogen and other bacteria. [Method] Inhibitory effects of extracts obtained from 15 plants with 3 solvents on bacteria were investi- gated by disk diffusion method. [Results] Except the extracts from Magnolia grandi- flora and Typha orientalis, extracts of 13 plant leaves presented inhibitory effects on 5 bacteria strains to certain degrees. Among them, the effect of water extract of Aesculu schinensis on Bacillus sp. XHE8 was the strongest, with inhibition zone di- ameter reaching （31.3＋3.9） mm and the ratio to control above 5.0. Four of the 5 tested strains were sensitive to the extracts of Sambucus chinensis, and 3 of them were inhibited by Ophiopegon japonicas extracts and Reineckia camea extracts, with ratios of treatment to control large than 1.5 in all. Leaf extract of A. chinensis had significant anti-bacteria ability, and could be used as a potential plant source for bactericide. [Conclusion] The results laid a foundation for exploring active com- pounds and elucidating the mechanism in it.
文摘<abstract>Aim: To identify possible spermicidal agents through screening a number of edible medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity. Methods: Initial screening was made on the basis of ram cauda epididymal sperm immobilization immediately after addition of extracts. The most potent extract was selected and was evaluated on both ram and human spermatozoa. To unravel its mode of action several sperm functional tests were carried out, namely viability of cells, hypo-osmotic swelling test for membrane integrity and assays of membrane-bound enzyme 5'-nucleotidase and acrosomal marker enzyme acrosin. Results: The crude aqueous extract of the bulb of Allium sativum L. showed the most promising results by instant immobilization of the ram epididymal sperm at 0.25 g/mL and human ejaculated sperm at 0.5 g/mL. Sperm immobilizing effects were irreversible and the factor of the extract responsible for immobilization was thermostable up to 90 癈. On boiling at 100 癈 for 10 minutes, this activity was markedly reduced. Moreover, this extract was able to cause aggregation of ram sperms into small clusters after 30 minutes of incubation at 37 癈. However this property was not found in human spermatozoa. More than 50 % reduction in sperm viability and hypo-osmotic swelling occurred in treated sperm as compared with the controls, indicating the possibility of plasma membrane disintegration which was further supported by the significant reduction in the activity of membrane bound 5'-nucleotidase and acrosomal acrosin. Conclusion: The crude aqueous extract of A. sativum bulb possesses spermicidal activity in vitro.
文摘OBJECTIVE： To investigate analgesic, antidiarrhoeal and cytotoxic activities of the ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida L. （Passifloraceae） by three experimental methods. METHODS： Analgesic activity of the ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida L. （EEPF） was carried out using acetic acid-induced writhing inhibition in mice. The method of castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice was utilized to evaluate antidiarrhoeal activity. The cytotoxic activity of EEPF was explored with a brine shrimp lethality bioassay. RESULTS： The extract showed 68.75% and 30.00% inhibition of writhe at the doses of 500 and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The extract increased the mean latent period prior to diarrhoeal onset to about 1.55 h and 1.17 h, and decreased the mean number of stools to 4.4 and 5.6 at the doses of 500 and 250 mg/kg body weight. The extract also demonstrated cytotoxic activity in the brine shrimp lethality assay, and the median lethal concentration for brine shrimp nauplii was 80 pg/mL. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that the plant extract has analgesic and antidiarrhoeal activities, supporting its uses in traditional medicine. The results also demonstrate that the plant extract possesses cytotoxic activities.
基金financially supported by Boiron Laboratories,Lyon,FranceEmeritus Fellowship of UGC granted to ARKB
文摘OBJECTIVE： Methylation-specific epigenetic process and gene expression profiles of HeLa cells treated with ultra-high dilutions （HDs） of two plant extracts, Hydrastis canadensis （HC-30） and Marsdenia condurango （Condu-30）, diluted 106o times, were analyzed against placebo 30C （PI-30） for alterations in gene profiles linked to epigenetic modifications. METHODS： Separate groups of cells were subjected to treatment of Condu-30, HC-30, and PI- 30 prepared by serial dilutions and succussions. Global microarray data recorded on Affymetrix platform, using 25-mer probes were provided by iLifeDiscoveries, India. Slides were scanned with 3000 7G microarray scanner and raw data sets were extracted from Cel （raw intensity） files. Analyses of global microarray data profile, differential gene expression, fold change and clusters were made using GeneSpring GX12.5 software and standard normalization procedure. Before microarray study, concentration of RNA （ng/IJL）, RIN value and rRNA ratio for all the samples were analysed by Agilant Bioanalyzer 2100. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and quantitative RT- PCR were done for analyzing SMAD-4 expression. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting study was further made to elucidate fate of cells at divisional stages. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay was conducted for ascertaining methylation status of DNA at specific sites. RESULTS： HDs of HC-30 and Condu-30 differentially altered methylation in specific regions of DNA and expression profiles of certain genes linked to carcinogenesis, as compared to PI-30. Two separate cut sites were found in genomic DNA of untreated and placebo-treated HeLa cells when digested with McrBC, compared to a single cut observed in Condu-30-treated genomic DNA. SMAD-4 gene expression validated the expression pattern observed in microarray profile. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay elucidated differential epigenetic modifications in drug-treated and control cells. CONCLUSION： HDs triggered epigenetic modifications and alterations in microarray gene expression profiles of many genes associated with carcinogenesis in HeLa cells in vitro.
文摘The effect of Argan plant extract （APE） on the corrosion of the steel in hydrochloric acid medium was studied using gravimetric, electrochemical polarization and impedance spectroscopy （EIS） measurements. Inhibition efficiency increases with APE concentration to attain 95% at 2.5 g/L. We note good agreement between gravimetric and electrochemical methods （potentiodynamic polarization and EIS）. Effect of temperature is also made in the 298-328 K range. Polarization measurements show also that APE act as a mixed inhibitor. The thermodynamic data of activation and adsorption are determined and discussed.
文摘Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is a significant global soft fruit crop, prized for its nutrient content and pleasant flavor. However, diseases, particularly grey mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. poses major constraints to strawberry production and productivity. Grey mold severely impacts fruit quality and quantity, diminishing market value. This study evaluated five B. cinerea isolates from various locations in the Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya. All isolates were pathogenic, with isolate SGM 2 identified as highly virulent. Host range studies showed the pathogen-producing symptoms in the fava bean pods, marigold, gerbera, and chrysanthemum flowers and in the fava bean, gerbera, and lettuce leaves. In vitro tests revealed that neem extract (15% w/v) achieved the highest mycelial growth inhibition at 76.66%, while black turmeric extract (5% w/v) had the lowest inhibition at 9.62%. Dual culture methods with bio-control agents indicated that Bacillus subtilis recorded the highest mean inhibition at 77.03%, while Pseudomonas fluorescens had the lowest at 20.36% against the two virulent isolates. Pot evaluations demonstrated that B. subtilis resulted in the lowest percent disease index at 20.59%, followed by neem extract at 23.31%, with the highest disease index in the control group at 42.51%. Additionally, B. subtilis significantly improved plant growth, yielding an average of 0.32 kg compared to 0.14 kg in the control. The promising results of B. subtilis and neem leaf extract from this study suggest their potential for eco-friendly managing grey mold in strawberries under field conditions.
文摘Background: Our previous study showed that 3 plant extracts enhanced the immune responses and growth efficiency of weaned pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), which is one of the most economically important disease in swine industry. However, each plant extract differently effected on growth efficiency and immune responses. Therefore, the objective of this study was conducted to characterize the effects and investigate the potential underlying mechanisms of 3 plant extracts on gene expression of alveolar macrophages in weaned pigs experimentally infected with PRRSV.Results: PRRSV infection altered(P < 0.05) the expression of 1,352 genes in pigs fed the control(CON;755 up, 597 down). Compared with the infected CON, feeding capsicum(CAP), garlic botanical(GAR), or turmeric oleoresin(TUR) altered the expression of 46 genes(24 up, 22 down), 134 genes(59 up, 75 down), or 98 genes(55 up, 43 down) in alveolar macrophages of PRRSV-infected pigs, respectively. PRRSV infection up-regulated(P < 0.05) the expression of genes related to cell apoptosis, immune system process, and response to stimulus, but downregulated(P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in signaling transduction and innate immune response.Compared with the infected CON, feeding TUR or GAR reduced(P < 0.05) the expression of genes associated with antigen processing and presentation, feeding CAP up-regulated(P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in antigen processing and presentation. Supplementation of CAP, GAR, or TUR also enhanced(P < 0.05) the expression of several genes related to amino acid metabolism, steroid hormone synthesis, or RNA degradation, respectively.Conclusions: The results suggest that 3 plant extracts differently regulated the expression of genes in alveolar macrophages of PRRSV-infected pigs, especially altering genes involved in immunity.
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Province Key Technologies R & DProgram (No. 021103549)the National Key Technologies R & DProgram (No. 2001BA701A45), China
文摘In near-infrared (NIR) analysis of plant extracts, excessive background often exists in near-infrared spectra. The detection of active constituents is difficult because of excessive background, and correction of this problem remains difficult. In this work, the orthogonal signal correction (OSC) method was used to correct excessive background. The method was also compared with several classical background correction methods, such as offset correction, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variate (SNV) transformation, de-trending (DT), first derivative, second derivative and wavelet methods. A simulated dataset and a real NIR spectral dataset were used to test the efficiency of different background correction methods. The results showed that OSC is the only effective method for correcting excessive background.
文摘The efficacy of ethanol extracts from four plants, Dennettia tripetala Baker, Eugenia aromatica Baillon, Piper guineense Thonn et Schum and Anchomanes difformis P. Beauv. as bioinsecticides for control of adult Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Tribolium castaneum Herbst, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, Oryzaephilus mercator Fauvel and Lasioderma serricorne Fabricius were determined at two concentrations (0.5% and 2.0%) in the laboratory. All extracts were toxic to beetles with E. aromatica being the most potent of four plant materials tested and had the least LT 50 value. This was followed by A. difformis extract. At 2.0% v/w extract concentration, percentage grain damage by insects in treated grains stored for 90 days was nil. Grains protected with A. difformis had the least percentage seedgerminationof62.50%whilethoseprotectedwithP.guineensehadthehighestpercentagegermination(74.58%)at2.0% extract concentration. The mean percentage germination in the control was 72.72%. Treatment of grains with plant extracts had no significant (P>0.05) effect on its water absorption capacity.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)the Ministry of Education(2015R1A6A1A03031413)Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea(PJ00743703).
文摘Objective:To investigate anti-quorum sensing(anti-QS)and anti-biofilm formation(antiBF)activities of the ethanol extracts of 388 plants.Methods:The anti-QS activity of the plant extracts was evaluated by disc-diffusion assays using the bio-reporter strain,Chromobacterium violaceum CV017.Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1,Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC 9610,and Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58,which possess QS systems,were used to evaluate the antiBF activity of the plant extracts.Results:Among 388 plant extracts,the Cornus controversa(C.controversa)and Cynanchum wilfordii extracts exhibited the strongest anti-QS activity.The C.controversa extract exhibited anti-BF activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Yersinia enterocolitica and Agrobacterium tumefaciens,whereas the Cynanchum wilfordii extract exhibited no anti-BF activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.In addition,the C.controversa extract suppressed soft rot of cabbage.Conclusions:The C.controversa extract inhibits bacterial QS and BF,and is capable of controlling soft rot.Therefore,this extract has potential for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections and for the development of alternatives to antibiotics.
文摘Many kinds of feed additives （e.g., probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, etc.） can be used in chicken diets to stimulate intestinal morphological maturation and, consequently, intestinal function. The aim of this trial was to investigate the possibility that natural zeolite including plant extract （ZEM） could encourage the hypertrophy of intestinal villi and the absorptive function of epithelial cells in broiler chickens. At 7 days old, 64 male Marshall Chunky broilers were divided into four groups, each with four replicates of four chickens. The birds were fed a basal mash diet supplemented with ZEM at 0% （control）, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% for 42 days. At 49 days old, four chickens from each treatment were killed to obtain intestinal samples. Morphological intestinal assessment was conducted using both a light and a scanning electron microscope. A tendency to increased villus height and cell area could be observed throughout the intestinal segments of the broilers fed ZEM. Particularly, the villus height in the duodenum was significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） in the 0.05% ZEM group when compared with the control group. The area of the villus cells tended to be higher in the ZEM groups in all intestinal regions and showed a significant increase （P 〈 0.05） in the ileal part of the 0.2% ZEM group. Also, the assessment of cells mitosis in the intestinal crypts showed significantly higher numbers （P 〈 0.05） in all levels of ZEM groups in the duodenum and a tendency to increase in value in the jejunum and ileum, as compared with the control group. More protuberated cells and multi-cell clusters were found in the ZEM groups than in the control group, resulting in a rough cellular surface. In conclusion, the present study might suggest that the intestinal villi and epithelial cells on the villus apical surface are hypertrophied in the ZEM groups, and that intestinal villi adapt to enhance their absorption capacity by increasing the absorptive surface area. These results are indicated that ZEM can provide effective nutritive value when used as a feed additive.
文摘The Aedes(Ae.)aegypti and Ae.albopictus mosquitoes are vectors of epidemiologically relevant arboviruses in the public health context,such as the dengue,Zika and chikungunya viruses.Among the alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the control of these vectors,the use of natural plant products deserves attention.This review summarizes findings on the larvicidal potential of plant extracts on Ae.aegypti and Ae.albopictus,as well as the potential of isolated compounds from plants of the Annonaceae and Piperaceae families against these vectors.Descriptors related to larvicidal activity of plant extracts and isolated compounds in Aedes spp.in the Web of Science database were used,for plant extracts considering publications between 2000 and 2019.A total of 859 articles were analyzed for plant extracts and estimates of lethal concentration values(LC50 and LC90).In the end,95 articles that presented the larvicidal potential of 150 plant species from 52 families were analyzed.The two families most studied for this activity were Fabaceae and Asterace Aedes.The plant families with the best LC50 values against mosquitoes were Piperaceae and Annonaceae.Larvicidal activity of 50 acetogenins has already been identified on Ae.aegypti,and 29 of them presented LC50 below 10μg/mL,as well as the larvicidal activity of 8 compounds isolated from Piperaceae.Therefore,plants of these two families are promising for the development of commercial botanical larvicides in the form of extracts and isolated substances,as well as the production via organic synthesis of the most active compounds.
基金Supported by Guangxi Natural Science Foundation ( 2011GXNSFB018055)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to screen out plants which had strong contact activity against Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach. [Method] Twenty plant species which were collected from Gupo Mountain in Hezhou of China were extracted with methanol by cold soaking method. Contact activities of 20 methanol plant extracts against L. erysimi were determined by capillary micro spot method. [Result] The methanol extracts from Mussaenda esquirolli Levi. and Folium trematis Orientalis had the highest contact activities against L. erysimi at the dose of 10 p^g/head, and their 24 h corrected mortality rates were 92.22% and 92.15%, respectively; followed by Folium trematis and Viola hossei, with 24 h corrected mortality rate of 87.59% and 82.95%, respectively. The methanol extract of Hedyotis lancea had medium activity, with 24 h corrected mortality rate of 65.52%. Methanol extracts of the other plants had low contact activities against L. erysimi, with the corrected mortality rate lower than 50%. The methanol extracts of M. esquiroUi, F. variolosa and F. trematis had high contact toxicity, with LDS0 of 0. 768 6, 0.784 1 and 1. 504 4 μg/head, respectively. [ Conclusion] M. esquirolli, F. variolosa and F. trematis show exploitation potential, and they are worth further studying.
文摘A potential method to inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth in meat is through the introduction of plant-derived antimicrobials. Because these antimicrobials may also adversely affect the sensory characteristics of the meat, the objectives of this study were 1) to define the appropriate concentrations of olive extract, apple extract, oregano oil, and cinnamon oil added to ground pork that are acceptable to a sensory panel, and 2) to determine their antimicrobial activities against <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Typhimurium DT104 in inoculated ground pork. Plant extracts were evaluated against two initial inoculum levels (6 and 4 log CFU/g of pork) of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Sensory tests showed that acceptable concentrations of oregano and cinnamon oils were 0.5% and of olive and apple extracts were 3%, respectively. Ground pork samples were inoculated with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, treated with antimicrobials at various concentrations (0.1%</span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.5% cinnamon and oregano essential oils and 3%</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5% olive and apple extracts), and stored at 4<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">°</span>C for 7 days. Survivors were enumerated at days 0, 3, 5, and 7. Cinnamon oil at 0.5% and olive extract at 3% induced a 1.0 and a 0.9 log CFU/g (from 6-log CFU/g initial inoculum) reduction, respectively, at day 7. At 3%, olive extract showed a 1.06 log CFU/g maximum reduction of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span></span></span><span><span><span><span>4-log CFU/g initial inoculum. Pork samples containing oregano oil and apple extract did not show a significant reduction compared to the control without the antimicrobials. The results indicate that cinnamon oil and olive extract can potentially be applied at consumer-acceptable concentrations against low levels of </span><i><span>S.</span></i><span> Typhimurium DT104 in ground pork.</span></span></span></span>
文摘[Objective]The paper was to investigate the impact of plant extracts replacing anticoccidial drugs on growth performance and fecal coccidia count in broilers.[Method]A total of 234 one-day-old healthy yellow-feathered broilers were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,with 6 replicates in each group and 13 broilers in each replicate.The test lasted for a total of 55 d,The control group was fed the basic diet,the anticoccidial group was fed the basic diet+500 g/t dinitolmide,and the plant extract group was fed the basic diet+500 g/t plant extract.[Result]The daily gain of the plant extract group from 1 to 21 days of age was significantly higher than that of the anticoccidial drug group(P<0.05),and the feed/gain ratio was significantly lower than that of the anticoccidial drug group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in daily gain and feed intake between the plant extract group and the anticoccidial drug group from 1 to 55 days of age(P>0.05),and the feed/gain ratio was reduced by 6.30%and the mortality and culling rate was reduced by 10.26%.The number of fecal coccidia at 33 days of age in the plant extract group was found to be significantly lower than that observed in the anticoccidial group and the control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the administration of plant extracts resulted in a notable enhancement in the growth performance of chicks aged 1-21 days,when compared with the use of anticoccidial drugs.No significant difference was observed in growth performance between the plant extract and the anticoccidial drugs from 1 to 55 days of age.The administration of plant extracts resulted in a notable reduction in the fecal coccidia count.[Conclusion]Plant extracts may serve as viable alternatives to anticoccidial drugs and show promise for application in animal husbandry.
文摘Controlling fertility of rodent pests has become an effective means of controlling the population of grassland rodents in China. Recently, research has focused on how to select environmentally-friendly sterilants without pollution effects, and to realize sustainable control of pest rodent populations. Sterilants from plant extracts have been mainly selected. In this study, mice were used as the experimental subjects for research on the anti-fertility effects of plant extracts of shikonin and the anti-fertility mechanism of shikonin extract was determined. The mice were divided into four groups, including one control group and three experimental groups. There were three applications of shikonin extract in different concentrations (5 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>, 20 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> and 50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>). The mice gavage experiments indicated that a shikonin concentration of 50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> had the expected anti-fertility effects. Mice copulation experiments showed that the 50 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> shikonin treatment had significant anti-fertility effects on both female-treatment and female-male-treatment groups. The results of the PCR analysis on the AgRP and ghrelin mRNA from female ovaries and male testicles indicated that shikonin could control mice reproduction by regulating the pituitary gonadal axis. Shikonin, as plant source sterile agent, would have more ideal effects for functioned both sexes sterility.
基金Supported by Youth Fund Project of Yunnan Agricultural University
文摘[Objective]The paper was to screen the plant extracts with strong antifungal activity. [Method] With R. solani as the test object, the antifungal activities of 30 kinds of plant extracts were carried out primary screening by mycelial growth rate method. [Result] Twelve kinds of plant extracts including Pinus yunnanensis （leaf）, Phryma leptostachya （stem and leaf）, Pueraria peduncularis （root, stem and leaf）, Pinus armandiifruit （fruit）, Aconitum brachypodum （stem and leaf）, Phellodendron amurense （stem and leaf）, Rhaponticum uniflorum （root）, Alnus cremastogyne （leaf）, Rehmannia glutinosa （root）, Cryptomeria fortunei （stem and leaf） and Berberis pruinosa （stem and leaf） had strong activities against R. solani with growth inhibition rates over 80% as the concentration was 10 mg/ml,among which the extracts of P. yunnanensis （leaf）, P. leptostachya （stem and leaf）, P. peduncularis （root, stem and leaf） and P. armandiifruit （fruit） showed the inhibition rate above 95%, significantly higher than other plant extracts. The secondary screening results of antifungal activities of the above 12 plant extracts were consistent with the primary screening. [Conclusion] The study laid foundation for further development of high efficient, safe and environmental-friendly new fungicides.
