Piscicidal effects of several solvent extarcts(distilled water,50%ethanol,absolute ethanol and 80%methanol)of Terminalia arjuna leaves,barks and fruits were studied against a common fresh water predatory fish,Heteropn...Piscicidal effects of several solvent extarcts(distilled water,50%ethanol,absolute ethanol and 80%methanol)of Terminalia arjuna leaves,barks and fruits were studied against a common fresh water predatory fish,Heteropneustes fossilis under laboratory conditions in terms of Behavior and mortality of fishes after 24 h.Fishes exposed to plant extracts showed agitating movement with quick surfacing,loss of balance,mucus secretion,and finally died.The LC50 values of distilled water,50%ethanol,absolute ethanol and 80%methanol extracts were found to be 311.726,236.141,183.541,478.794 ppm for leaves,117.894,96.998,38.990,304.193 ppm for barks and 1400.033,949.209,555.201,875.158 ppm for fruits,respectively.Chi-square values were found to be insignificant at P<0.05 in almost all plant extracts,indicating that observed and expected mortalities did not vary significantly in relation to doses,except 80%methanol extract of barks and absolute ethanol extract of fruits.The F-values of treatments were significant at P<0.01,except 80%methanol extract of fruits,in which F-values were insignificant in all replicates at P>0.01.Based on LC50 values,order of piscicidal activity followed the pattern,bark>leaf>fruit extracts.Order of piscicidal activity for the extracts was like absolute ethanol>50%ethanol>distilled water>80%methanol for leaf and bark,while for fruit extracts,trend was like absolute ethanol>80%methanol>50%ethanol>distilled water.展开更多
The judicious use and rational management of biodiversity are predicated on the identification and documentation of various taxa. A field survey of botanical piscicides and their various uses was carried out in the si...The judicious use and rational management of biodiversity are predicated on the identification and documentation of various taxa. A field survey of botanical piscicides and their various uses was carried out in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Six states, each from a geo-political zone of Nigeria, {south-east (Imo State), south-west (Lagos State), north-west (Kaduna State), north-central (Benue State), north-east (Adamawa State) and south-south (Rivers State)} were covered. Four local governments were selected from each of the six states as sampling locations, (a total of 24 local government areas). Luffa cylindrica, Carica papaya, Nicotiana tabacum, Anacardium occidenttale, Senna occidentalis, Raphia venifera, Musa acuminata, Vernonia amygdalina, Jatropha curcas, and Raphia venifera were common to all the areas investigated. Luffa cylindrica was the most frequently used botanical in Rivers, Lagos and Adamawa States (27%, 28% and 24%) respectively, Carica papaya in Kaduna State (24%), and Nicotiana tabacum in Imo and Benue States (28% and 22%) respectively. The least used botanicals across the states are Musa acuminata (2%), Raphia venifera (4%), Musa acuminata (2%), Vernonia amygdalina (2%), Jatropha curcas (3%), and Raphia venifera (1%), for Rivers, Imo, Kaduna, Lagos, Benue and Adamawa States respectively. A comprehensive documentation of our biodiversity will help in rational management and exploitation.展开更多
基金We acknowledge funding supports of the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC1600806)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31972042,31950410550 and 31571806)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2019T120402 and 2017M621657)High-level talents project of Six Talent Peaks in Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.SWYY-018).
文摘Piscicidal effects of several solvent extarcts(distilled water,50%ethanol,absolute ethanol and 80%methanol)of Terminalia arjuna leaves,barks and fruits were studied against a common fresh water predatory fish,Heteropneustes fossilis under laboratory conditions in terms of Behavior and mortality of fishes after 24 h.Fishes exposed to plant extracts showed agitating movement with quick surfacing,loss of balance,mucus secretion,and finally died.The LC50 values of distilled water,50%ethanol,absolute ethanol and 80%methanol extracts were found to be 311.726,236.141,183.541,478.794 ppm for leaves,117.894,96.998,38.990,304.193 ppm for barks and 1400.033,949.209,555.201,875.158 ppm for fruits,respectively.Chi-square values were found to be insignificant at P<0.05 in almost all plant extracts,indicating that observed and expected mortalities did not vary significantly in relation to doses,except 80%methanol extract of barks and absolute ethanol extract of fruits.The F-values of treatments were significant at P<0.01,except 80%methanol extract of fruits,in which F-values were insignificant in all replicates at P>0.01.Based on LC50 values,order of piscicidal activity followed the pattern,bark>leaf>fruit extracts.Order of piscicidal activity for the extracts was like absolute ethanol>50%ethanol>distilled water>80%methanol for leaf and bark,while for fruit extracts,trend was like absolute ethanol>80%methanol>50%ethanol>distilled water.
文摘The judicious use and rational management of biodiversity are predicated on the identification and documentation of various taxa. A field survey of botanical piscicides and their various uses was carried out in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Six states, each from a geo-political zone of Nigeria, {south-east (Imo State), south-west (Lagos State), north-west (Kaduna State), north-central (Benue State), north-east (Adamawa State) and south-south (Rivers State)} were covered. Four local governments were selected from each of the six states as sampling locations, (a total of 24 local government areas). Luffa cylindrica, Carica papaya, Nicotiana tabacum, Anacardium occidenttale, Senna occidentalis, Raphia venifera, Musa acuminata, Vernonia amygdalina, Jatropha curcas, and Raphia venifera were common to all the areas investigated. Luffa cylindrica was the most frequently used botanical in Rivers, Lagos and Adamawa States (27%, 28% and 24%) respectively, Carica papaya in Kaduna State (24%), and Nicotiana tabacum in Imo and Benue States (28% and 22%) respectively. The least used botanicals across the states are Musa acuminata (2%), Raphia venifera (4%), Musa acuminata (2%), Vernonia amygdalina (2%), Jatropha curcas (3%), and Raphia venifera (1%), for Rivers, Imo, Kaduna, Lagos, Benue and Adamawa States respectively. A comprehensive documentation of our biodiversity will help in rational management and exploitation.
