This research reveals relationships between climate variables and inter-annual dynamics in the area of the glacieret located in the cirque Golemiya Kazan in the Pirin Mountains. The study period is 1993–2017. The cor...This research reveals relationships between climate variables and inter-annual dynamics in the area of the glacieret located in the cirque Golemiya Kazan in the Pirin Mountains. The study period is 1993–2017. The correlations are identified using statistical methods. Also, a statistical model is constructed, including some climate variables as predictors. Despite the evident decrease of the glacieret's size in the period from the 1950 s onwards, the long-term trends for the last decades have been insignificant. The main climatic factors influencing the inter-annual dynamics in the area of the glacieret are air temperature, precipitation, zonal and meridional winds and relative humidity. With respect to the dynamics in the area of the glacieret, the important trends in the different climate variables are those of the warm period air temperatures and zonal(u) wind. They also determine to a great extent its future development by acting in two opposite directions – rising temperatures in the warm period will lead to a rapid decrease of its area by the end of the melting season, while the change of wind directionfrom west to east in the warm period will increase its area. The influence of the zonal wind in the warm period is explained mainly by the location of the glacieret in the cirque. Generally, the glacieret is tilted downwards from west to east. Thus, westerly winds facilitate blowing away the snow from the surface of the glacieret, assisting its melting in the warm period. Easterly winds do not have such an effect. The combination of the opposite effects of these two most important climate variables leads to the most likely scenario for the future development of the glacieret, according to which by the middle of this century it is expected to turn into a semi-permanent snow patch, which disappears after some summers, and by the end of the century to completely melt every year before the end of the melting season.展开更多
<strong>Objective</strong><strong>:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To compare between the efficacy of the use of or...<strong>Objective</strong><strong>:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To compare between the efficacy of the use of oral sildenafil plus low dose aspirin versus the use of oral low dose aspirin alone in pregnancy as preventive measure in women at risk for preeclampsia (PE). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Design: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A randomized clinical trial. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Setting: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Outpatient Obstetric clinic of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Population or sample: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Women at gestational age of </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">≤</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16 weeks who at risk for PE between June 2018 and June 2019. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Participants were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I Included 200 women who received a 25 mg tablet of oral sildenafil citrate tid until delivery plus 100 mg tablet of aspirin orally once daily until gestational age of 36 weeks, Group II Included 200 women who received a 100 mg tablet of aspirin orally once daily until gestational age of 36 weeks. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Main Outcome Measures: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Incidence of preeclampsia diagnosed per ACOG criteria. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The incidence of PE in both groups showed no statistically significant difference. The incidence of PE in the first group is 11.0%, and it is 12.0% in the second group (p-value 0.754). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The addition of sildenafil citrate to low dose aspirin had no impact on the prevention of preeclampsia for women at risk of PE, in addition, sildenafil did not improve maternal and fetal outcomes.</span></span></span>展开更多
The Mesta-Nestos river basin in Bulgaria and Greece is a case study for transboundary decision-making support in south-eastern Europe and a show-case for the development of methodologies and information-gathering for ...The Mesta-Nestos river basin in Bulgaria and Greece is a case study for transboundary decision-making support in south-eastern Europe and a show-case for the development of methodologies and information-gathering for the integrated regional planning of water resources. Land-use conflicts in this water-scarce region cover a wide spectrum of activities like agricultural irrigation, drinking water production, diversions for industrial water, and risk of pollution from mining, to name a few examples. Measurements of the water quality were carried out in the upper basin. Results will be illustrated by the example of the environmental situation in the alpine region of the Pirin National Park as well as in the Razlog Basin with a stronger anthropogenic impact and pollution around a former uranium mine near the village of Elesnica. The social and economic development of this transboundary region is a recently established priority for mean an increase in water usage the water resources if regional the future. It will and more stress for impacts of global climate change are verified. Problem-focused management of the catchment area as a whole on the basis of proved geo-data sets is needed for the future.展开更多
基金funded by the research project "Current impacts of global changes on evolution of karst (based on the integrated monitoring of model karst geosystems in Bulgaria)"Science Research Fund (Grant No. DN14/10/20.12.2017)+1 种基金funded by the South-west University of Blagoevgrad (grants RP-A 10/15, RP-A 13/17)SRF (SRF 02/70)
文摘This research reveals relationships between climate variables and inter-annual dynamics in the area of the glacieret located in the cirque Golemiya Kazan in the Pirin Mountains. The study period is 1993–2017. The correlations are identified using statistical methods. Also, a statistical model is constructed, including some climate variables as predictors. Despite the evident decrease of the glacieret's size in the period from the 1950 s onwards, the long-term trends for the last decades have been insignificant. The main climatic factors influencing the inter-annual dynamics in the area of the glacieret are air temperature, precipitation, zonal and meridional winds and relative humidity. With respect to the dynamics in the area of the glacieret, the important trends in the different climate variables are those of the warm period air temperatures and zonal(u) wind. They also determine to a great extent its future development by acting in two opposite directions – rising temperatures in the warm period will lead to a rapid decrease of its area by the end of the melting season, while the change of wind directionfrom west to east in the warm period will increase its area. The influence of the zonal wind in the warm period is explained mainly by the location of the glacieret in the cirque. Generally, the glacieret is tilted downwards from west to east. Thus, westerly winds facilitate blowing away the snow from the surface of the glacieret, assisting its melting in the warm period. Easterly winds do not have such an effect. The combination of the opposite effects of these two most important climate variables leads to the most likely scenario for the future development of the glacieret, according to which by the middle of this century it is expected to turn into a semi-permanent snow patch, which disappears after some summers, and by the end of the century to completely melt every year before the end of the melting season.
文摘<strong>Objective</strong><strong>:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To compare between the efficacy of the use of oral sildenafil plus low dose aspirin versus the use of oral low dose aspirin alone in pregnancy as preventive measure in women at risk for preeclampsia (PE). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Design: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A randomized clinical trial. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Setting: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Outpatient Obstetric clinic of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Population or sample: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Women at gestational age of </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">≤</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">16 weeks who at risk for PE between June 2018 and June 2019. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Participants were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I Included 200 women who received a 25 mg tablet of oral sildenafil citrate tid until delivery plus 100 mg tablet of aspirin orally once daily until gestational age of 36 weeks, Group II Included 200 women who received a 100 mg tablet of aspirin orally once daily until gestational age of 36 weeks. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Main Outcome Measures: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Incidence of preeclampsia diagnosed per ACOG criteria. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The incidence of PE in both groups showed no statistically significant difference. The incidence of PE in the first group is 11.0%, and it is 12.0% in the second group (p-value 0.754). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The addition of sildenafil citrate to low dose aspirin had no impact on the prevention of preeclampsia for women at risk of PE, in addition, sildenafil did not improve maternal and fetal outcomes.</span></span></span>
文摘The Mesta-Nestos river basin in Bulgaria and Greece is a case study for transboundary decision-making support in south-eastern Europe and a show-case for the development of methodologies and information-gathering for the integrated regional planning of water resources. Land-use conflicts in this water-scarce region cover a wide spectrum of activities like agricultural irrigation, drinking water production, diversions for industrial water, and risk of pollution from mining, to name a few examples. Measurements of the water quality were carried out in the upper basin. Results will be illustrated by the example of the environmental situation in the alpine region of the Pirin National Park as well as in the Razlog Basin with a stronger anthropogenic impact and pollution around a former uranium mine near the village of Elesnica. The social and economic development of this transboundary region is a recently established priority for mean an increase in water usage the water resources if regional the future. It will and more stress for impacts of global climate change are verified. Problem-focused management of the catchment area as a whole on the basis of proved geo-data sets is needed for the future.
