Drought stress is one of the most severe environmental constraints to plant growth and crop productivity. Plant growth is greatly affected by drought stress, and plants, to survive,adapt to this stress by invoking dif...Drought stress is one of the most severe environmental constraints to plant growth and crop productivity. Plant growth is greatly affected by drought stress, and plants, to survive,adapt to this stress by invoking different pathways. Piriformospora indica, a root-colonizing endophytic fungus of Sebacinales, promotes plant growth and confers resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, including drought stress, by affecting the physiological properties of the host plant. The fungus strongly colonizes the roots of maize(Zea mays L.) and promotes shoot and root growth under both normal growth conditions and drought stress. We used polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000) to mimic drought stress and found that root fresh and dry weight, leaf area, SPAD value, and leaf number were increased in P. indica-colonized plants.The antioxidative activities of catalases and superoxide dismutases were upregulated within 24h in the leaves of P. indica-colonized plants. Drought-related genes DREB2A, CBL1,ANAC072, and RD29A were upregulated in drought-stressed leaves of P. indica-colonized plants. Furthermore, after drought treatment, proline content increased, whereas accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA), an indicator of membrane damage, decreased in P. indica-colonized maize. We conclude that P. indica-mediated plant protection against the detrimental effects of drought may result from enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity,proline accumulation, and expression of drought-related genes and lower membrane damage in maize plants.展开更多
Modern horticultural crop production systems target the exploitation of sustainable techniques for crop improvement while maintaining balance with the environment. Several beneficial microbes have been investigated an...Modern horticultural crop production systems target the exploitation of sustainable techniques for crop improvement while maintaining balance with the environment. Several beneficial microbes have been investigated and have yielded remarkable results. The endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica, is one microbe group with the potential to offer numerous benefits and opportunities in modern horticultural crop production. This plant growth-promoting mycorrhizal fungus is of particular interest due to its beneficial implications in plant growth and development. The fungus has been experimentally proven to significantly improve water and nutrient/mineral absorption, early flowering, seed production/germination and plant photosynthetic capability, growth rates;especially in nutrient-deprived soils, alter the production of secondary metabolites, and promote adaptation, tolerance and/or resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. Its unique capability to be axenically cultured makes it feasible for research and application. These attributes in combinations with its broad host range, offer immense potential for this fungus for research in horticultural plant improvement. Thus, this review highlights the potential applications of P. indica in horticultural crops research and production.展开更多
Seedlings of Taxus chinensis var.mairei were used as experimental materials to study the adaptation of Piriformospora indica to this plant under water stress.The materials were divided into two groups,namely,with or w...Seedlings of Taxus chinensis var.mairei were used as experimental materials to study the adaptation of Piriformospora indica to this plant under water stress.The materials were divided into two groups,namely,with or without inoculation with P.indica.Each group was subjected to four different levels of water stress.Vitality and physiological and biochemical indexes of the roots of T.chinensis var.mairei were regularly measured.Under water stress,T.chinensis var.mairei had significantly decreased root vitality;root vitality was higher in inoculated roots than in uninoculated roots.Under intense water stress,the inoculated roots had a higher soluble sugar content than the uninoculated roots.Under water stress,T.chinensis var.mairei experienced decreased activity of aerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes.The activity of anaerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes and alcohol dehydrogenase initially increased and then decreased,whereas that of lactate dehydrogenase increased.The inoculated roots had a higher activity of respiratory metabolic enzymes than the uninoculated roots.As water stress was further intensified,the roots had significantly decreased activity of aerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes and significantly increased activity of anaerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes.The activity of respiratory metabolic enzymes decreased faster in the uninoculated roots than in the inoculated roots.This study demonstrated that Piriformospora indica plays a positive role in enhancing the antihypoxic ability of T.chinensis var.mairei,thereby alleviating plant damage due to water stress.展开更多
Aloe vera, a short-stemmed shrub is described as a “wonder plant”, due to its vast uses in various medical products. Since many decades, extensive research has revealed that the pharmacological active ingredients ar...Aloe vera, a short-stemmed shrub is described as a “wonder plant”, due to its vast uses in various medical products. Since many decades, extensive research has revealed that the pharmacological active ingredients are distributed in both the gel and rind of the Aloe vera leaves. A. vera is very popular in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries and it is needed in large quantities with higher fractions of important constituents. To satisfy the market demand, intervention of microbial community seems to be a promising approach, which helps to increase the growth and metabolites along with plant fitness. Piriformospora indica is a root colonizing endophytic fungus, having unique plant growth-promoting properties. It helps the plant to acquire more nutrients from soil even under extreme physical and nutrient stress conditions. It interacts with a wide range of hosts. Interaction of P. indica with A. vera resulted in overall increase in plant biomass and greater shoot and root length, as well as number of shoots and roots as compared to control under both in vitro and in vivo environment conditions. Apart from that, the photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b and total Chl) and aloin content were observed significantly higher in A. vera plantlets colonized with symbiotic endophyte. The antioxidant activities were also tested and found significantly higher as compared to control plants. This imparts the potential of P. indica, to resist the plants against phyto-pathogenic microbes. P. indica has been proved as a potential candidate to enhance the biomass production along with various value additions in the form of active ingredients in A. vera.展开更多
Pinus elliottii is an exotic afforestation pine extensively distributed in southern parts of China.In order to understand whether endophytic fungi can affect seedling growth of P.elliottii,Piriformospora indica(Pi),Fu...Pinus elliottii is an exotic afforestation pine extensively distributed in southern parts of China.In order to understand whether endophytic fungi can affect seedling growth of P.elliottii,Piriformospora indica(Pi),Funnelifcrmis mosseae(Fm),and Diversispora tortuosa(Dt)were inoculated respectively,and the non-inoculated group was set as control.The growth indexes,the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein,and plant endogenous hormone levels in the leaves of P.elliottii,were analyzed.The results showed that Fm,Dt and Pi colonized the P.elliottii roots to form mycorrhizal structure and chlamydospores arranged in beads respectively.Three fungal inoculants exhibited the stimulated growth responses,whilst Dt illustrated the most positive effect on plant height,single fresh weight,trunk diameter and root system structure,compared with the control.On the other hand,the soluble sugar and soluble protein contents were increased distinctively in mycorrhizal plants.The endogenous IAA,GA3,ZR contents were increased,while the ABA contents were reduced in mycorrhizal plants versus non-mycorrhizal plants.The fungi-induced endogenous hormone changes triggered plant growth improvement of P.elliottii seedlings.This research unraveled the positive effect of AM fungi and P.indica on growth of pine seedlings,while,more application of endophytic fungi to fields needs to be explored.展开更多
Inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with root growth promoting microorganisms under semi-arid climate condition may improve biomass production and nutritive value.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of inoc...Inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with root growth promoting microorganisms under semi-arid climate condition may improve biomass production and nutritive value.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with Piriformospora indica(Pi) and co-inoculating Pi with Glomus intraradices(Gi+Pi) or Sinorhizobium meliloti(Sm+Pi) on hay yield,chemical composition,molecular structures by Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy,in situ ruminal degradability and in vitro gas production.Seedlings were grown in experimental pots in a greenhouse until first cut and then transferred outside and cut a further 4 times.Biomass yield was similar across the treatments.Acid detergent fiber(ADF) concentration was higher in Pi than in control hay,and ADF decreased further with co-inoculation(P < 0.05).The ether extract(EE) concentration was lower for Pi and Gi+Pi compared with control hay,and control,Pi and Gi+Pi hays had lower EE concentration compared with Sm+Pi(P < 0.05).The FTIR spectroscopic vibration peak height ratio related to proteins(amide1+amide 2): total carbohydrate ratio was lower for the inoculation treatments compared with control hay(P < 0.05).In situ ruminal degradability of dry matter and organic matter were higher for hay of inoculated and co-inoculated seedlings than for control hay(P < 0.05).In conclusion,hay of alfalfa seedlings inoculated and co-inoculated with root growth promoting microorganisms had improved nutritional value compared with hay from non-treated alfalfa seedlings,and co-inoculation was the most effective,however,changes were relatively minor.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31471496)
文摘Drought stress is one of the most severe environmental constraints to plant growth and crop productivity. Plant growth is greatly affected by drought stress, and plants, to survive,adapt to this stress by invoking different pathways. Piriformospora indica, a root-colonizing endophytic fungus of Sebacinales, promotes plant growth and confers resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, including drought stress, by affecting the physiological properties of the host plant. The fungus strongly colonizes the roots of maize(Zea mays L.) and promotes shoot and root growth under both normal growth conditions and drought stress. We used polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000) to mimic drought stress and found that root fresh and dry weight, leaf area, SPAD value, and leaf number were increased in P. indica-colonized plants.The antioxidative activities of catalases and superoxide dismutases were upregulated within 24h in the leaves of P. indica-colonized plants. Drought-related genes DREB2A, CBL1,ANAC072, and RD29A were upregulated in drought-stressed leaves of P. indica-colonized plants. Furthermore, after drought treatment, proline content increased, whereas accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA), an indicator of membrane damage, decreased in P. indica-colonized maize. We conclude that P. indica-mediated plant protection against the detrimental effects of drought may result from enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity,proline accumulation, and expression of drought-related genes and lower membrane damage in maize plants.
基金Thisworkwas supported by theNatural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars of the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Grant No.xjq201721)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31601713)+2 种基金Construction of Plateau Discipline of Fujian Province(Grant No.102/71201801101)Educational and Scientific Research Program for Young and Middle-Aged Instructors of Fujian Province(Grant No.JAT160166)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-31-15).
文摘Modern horticultural crop production systems target the exploitation of sustainable techniques for crop improvement while maintaining balance with the environment. Several beneficial microbes have been investigated and have yielded remarkable results. The endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica, is one microbe group with the potential to offer numerous benefits and opportunities in modern horticultural crop production. This plant growth-promoting mycorrhizal fungus is of particular interest due to its beneficial implications in plant growth and development. The fungus has been experimentally proven to significantly improve water and nutrient/mineral absorption, early flowering, seed production/germination and plant photosynthetic capability, growth rates;especially in nutrient-deprived soils, alter the production of secondary metabolites, and promote adaptation, tolerance and/or resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. Its unique capability to be axenically cultured makes it feasible for research and application. These attributes in combinations with its broad host range, offer immense potential for this fungus for research in horticultural plant improvement. Thus, this review highlights the potential applications of P. indica in horticultural crops research and production.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31270740).
文摘Seedlings of Taxus chinensis var.mairei were used as experimental materials to study the adaptation of Piriformospora indica to this plant under water stress.The materials were divided into two groups,namely,with or without inoculation with P.indica.Each group was subjected to four different levels of water stress.Vitality and physiological and biochemical indexes of the roots of T.chinensis var.mairei were regularly measured.Under water stress,T.chinensis var.mairei had significantly decreased root vitality;root vitality was higher in inoculated roots than in uninoculated roots.Under intense water stress,the inoculated roots had a higher soluble sugar content than the uninoculated roots.Under water stress,T.chinensis var.mairei experienced decreased activity of aerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes.The activity of anaerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes and alcohol dehydrogenase initially increased and then decreased,whereas that of lactate dehydrogenase increased.The inoculated roots had a higher activity of respiratory metabolic enzymes than the uninoculated roots.As water stress was further intensified,the roots had significantly decreased activity of aerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes and significantly increased activity of anaerobic respiratory metabolic enzymes.The activity of respiratory metabolic enzymes decreased faster in the uninoculated roots than in the inoculated roots.This study demonstrated that Piriformospora indica plays a positive role in enhancing the antihypoxic ability of T.chinensis var.mairei,thereby alleviating plant damage due to water stress.
文摘Aloe vera, a short-stemmed shrub is described as a “wonder plant”, due to its vast uses in various medical products. Since many decades, extensive research has revealed that the pharmacological active ingredients are distributed in both the gel and rind of the Aloe vera leaves. A. vera is very popular in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries and it is needed in large quantities with higher fractions of important constituents. To satisfy the market demand, intervention of microbial community seems to be a promising approach, which helps to increase the growth and metabolites along with plant fitness. Piriformospora indica is a root colonizing endophytic fungus, having unique plant growth-promoting properties. It helps the plant to acquire more nutrients from soil even under extreme physical and nutrient stress conditions. It interacts with a wide range of hosts. Interaction of P. indica with A. vera resulted in overall increase in plant biomass and greater shoot and root length, as well as number of shoots and roots as compared to control under both in vitro and in vivo environment conditions. Apart from that, the photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b and total Chl) and aloin content were observed significantly higher in A. vera plantlets colonized with symbiotic endophyte. The antioxidant activities were also tested and found significantly higher as compared to control plants. This imparts the potential of P. indica, to resist the plants against phyto-pathogenic microbes. P. indica has been proved as a potential candidate to enhance the biomass production along with various value additions in the form of active ingredients in A. vera.
基金We would like to thank the fund support of the Ideological and Political Course and Curriculum and Ideological and Political Demonstration Construction Project of Yangtze University(2020,No.65)We would also thank the help provided by the Open Fund of Institute of Root Biology of Yangtze University,which supported the purchase of AM fungi strain from Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.
文摘Pinus elliottii is an exotic afforestation pine extensively distributed in southern parts of China.In order to understand whether endophytic fungi can affect seedling growth of P.elliottii,Piriformospora indica(Pi),Funnelifcrmis mosseae(Fm),and Diversispora tortuosa(Dt)were inoculated respectively,and the non-inoculated group was set as control.The growth indexes,the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein,and plant endogenous hormone levels in the leaves of P.elliottii,were analyzed.The results showed that Fm,Dt and Pi colonized the P.elliottii roots to form mycorrhizal structure and chlamydospores arranged in beads respectively.Three fungal inoculants exhibited the stimulated growth responses,whilst Dt illustrated the most positive effect on plant height,single fresh weight,trunk diameter and root system structure,compared with the control.On the other hand,the soluble sugar and soluble protein contents were increased distinctively in mycorrhizal plants.The endogenous IAA,GA3,ZR contents were increased,while the ABA contents were reduced in mycorrhizal plants versus non-mycorrhizal plants.The fungi-induced endogenous hormone changes triggered plant growth improvement of P.elliottii seedlings.This research unraveled the positive effect of AM fungi and P.indica on growth of pine seedlings,while,more application of endophytic fungi to fields needs to be explored.
文摘Inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with root growth promoting microorganisms under semi-arid climate condition may improve biomass production and nutritive value.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with Piriformospora indica(Pi) and co-inoculating Pi with Glomus intraradices(Gi+Pi) or Sinorhizobium meliloti(Sm+Pi) on hay yield,chemical composition,molecular structures by Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy,in situ ruminal degradability and in vitro gas production.Seedlings were grown in experimental pots in a greenhouse until first cut and then transferred outside and cut a further 4 times.Biomass yield was similar across the treatments.Acid detergent fiber(ADF) concentration was higher in Pi than in control hay,and ADF decreased further with co-inoculation(P < 0.05).The ether extract(EE) concentration was lower for Pi and Gi+Pi compared with control hay,and control,Pi and Gi+Pi hays had lower EE concentration compared with Sm+Pi(P < 0.05).The FTIR spectroscopic vibration peak height ratio related to proteins(amide1+amide 2): total carbohydrate ratio was lower for the inoculation treatments compared with control hay(P < 0.05).In situ ruminal degradability of dry matter and organic matter were higher for hay of inoculated and co-inoculated seedlings than for control hay(P < 0.05).In conclusion,hay of alfalfa seedlings inoculated and co-inoculated with root growth promoting microorganisms had improved nutritional value compared with hay from non-treated alfalfa seedlings,and co-inoculation was the most effective,however,changes were relatively minor.
