The city of Manaus (Brazil) is located in the central part of the largest tropical forest in the world, the Amazon rainforest, and has a population of approximately 2 million inhabitants. Osmar Pinto Jr., Iara Regina ...The city of Manaus (Brazil) is located in the central part of the largest tropical forest in the world, the Amazon rainforest, and has a population of approximately 2 million inhabitants. Osmar Pinto Jr., Iara Regina Cardoso de Almeida Pinto, and Osmar P. Neto showed that the lightning activity in Manaus is larger than that in the regions around the city and it has been increasing in the last four decades with the increasing of the urban area of the city. These results suggest that these spatial and time variations are related to the Urban Heat Island effect, since it is believed that the Urban Heat Island effect influences thunderstorm formation and evolution and, in consequence, the lightning activity. Therefore, they suggest that the replacement of the forest by urban areas tends to increase the lightning activity in the Amazon region. These results were published in American Journal of Climate Change in December 2013 [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003300390030003700300031003600360033000000 . In March 14, 2014, BBC News reported Osmar Pinto Jr. et al.’s results. The title of news report is “Enlightened forest”, in detail, please find at? http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26554974.展开更多
The pinto bean is one of widely consumed legume crop that constitutes over 42%of the U.S dry bean production.However,limited studies have been conducted in past to assess its quantitative and qualitative yield potenti...The pinto bean is one of widely consumed legume crop that constitutes over 42%of the U.S dry bean production.However,limited studies have been conducted in past to assess its quantitative and qualitative yield potentials.Emerging remote sensing technologies can help in such assessment.Therefore,this study evaluates the role of ground-based multispectral imagery derived vegetation indices(VIs)for irrigated the pinto bean stress and yield assessments.Studied were eight cultivars of the pinto bean grown under conventional and strip tillage treatments and irrigated at 52%and 100%of required evapotranspiration.Imagery data was acquired using a five-band multispectral imager at early,mid and late growth stages.Commonly used 25 broadband VIs were derived to capture crop stress traits and yield potential.Principal component analysis and Spearman’s rank correlation tests were conducted to identify key VIs and their correlation(rs)with abiotic stress at each growth stage.Transformed difference vegetation index,nonlinear vegetation index(NLI),modified NLI and infrared percentage vegetation index(IPVI)were consistent in accounting the stress response and crop yield at all growth stages(rs>0.60,coefficient of determination(R2):0.50–0.56,P<0.05).Ten other VIs significantly accounted for crop stress at early and late stages.Overall,identified key VIs may be helpful to growers for precise crop management decision making and breeders for crop stress response and yield assessments.展开更多
We selected healthy Pinus massioniana for pine wood nematode inoculation experiments to get the spectral reflectance of healthy and infected Pinus mas- sioniana in different infection stages via a ground spectrometer ...We selected healthy Pinus massioniana for pine wood nematode inoculation experiments to get the spectral reflectance of healthy and infected Pinus mas- sioniana in different infection stages via a ground spectrometer （ wavelength in 350 - 2 500 nm）, and analyzed the changes in chlorophyll content at various periods. The original spectral reflectance of healthy and infected P. massoniana was significantly different in the middle and late infection stages, and the reflection peak and absorption valley in visible light region and near infrared region gradually weakened and even disappeared to a straight line. There was significant correlation rela- tionship between chlorophyll content of infected plants and spectral reflectance at the wavelength of 1 405 nm, and the quantitative inversion model of chlorophyll content was correspondingly established as follows： Car = - 1.74（X1~ ）2 ＋ 4. 72X1,~ - 0. 76. Through first-order derivative spectra at the wavelength of 593 nm, combined with quantitative inversion of the corresponding chlorophyll content, we can discriminate whether P. massoniana is infected by pine lt disease or not, especially in the early stages before disease features are visible to the naked eyes it has a good quantitative monitoring effect.展开更多
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文摘The city of Manaus (Brazil) is located in the central part of the largest tropical forest in the world, the Amazon rainforest, and has a population of approximately 2 million inhabitants. Osmar Pinto Jr., Iara Regina Cardoso de Almeida Pinto, and Osmar P. Neto showed that the lightning activity in Manaus is larger than that in the regions around the city and it has been increasing in the last four decades with the increasing of the urban area of the city. These results suggest that these spatial and time variations are related to the Urban Heat Island effect, since it is believed that the Urban Heat Island effect influences thunderstorm formation and evolution and, in consequence, the lightning activity. Therefore, they suggest that the replacement of the forest by urban areas tends to increase the lightning activity in the Amazon region. These results were published in American Journal of Climate Change in December 2013 [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003300390030003700300031003600360033000000 . In March 14, 2014, BBC News reported Osmar Pinto Jr. et al.’s results. The title of news report is “Enlightened forest”, in detail, please find at? http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26554974.
基金This work was supported in part by USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture Projects WNP00745,WNP00839 and from the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Climate-Resilient Beans Project#AID-OAA-A-13-00077.We also thank Dr.Lynden Porter,Dr.Manoj Karkee,Mr.Encarnacion Rivera and Mr.Treva Anderson for their technical support.
文摘The pinto bean is one of widely consumed legume crop that constitutes over 42%of the U.S dry bean production.However,limited studies have been conducted in past to assess its quantitative and qualitative yield potentials.Emerging remote sensing technologies can help in such assessment.Therefore,this study evaluates the role of ground-based multispectral imagery derived vegetation indices(VIs)for irrigated the pinto bean stress and yield assessments.Studied were eight cultivars of the pinto bean grown under conventional and strip tillage treatments and irrigated at 52%and 100%of required evapotranspiration.Imagery data was acquired using a five-band multispectral imager at early,mid and late growth stages.Commonly used 25 broadband VIs were derived to capture crop stress traits and yield potential.Principal component analysis and Spearman’s rank correlation tests were conducted to identify key VIs and their correlation(rs)with abiotic stress at each growth stage.Transformed difference vegetation index,nonlinear vegetation index(NLI),modified NLI and infrared percentage vegetation index(IPVI)were consistent in accounting the stress response and crop yield at all growth stages(rs>0.60,coefficient of determination(R2):0.50–0.56,P<0.05).Ten other VIs significantly accounted for crop stress at early and late stages.Overall,identified key VIs may be helpful to growers for precise crop management decision making and breeders for crop stress response and yield assessments.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Scientific Research(Forestry)in the Public Interest(201304208)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31100414,31470579)+1 种基金General Program of Natural Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(11KJB220001)Advantage Discipline Construction Project of Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province
文摘We selected healthy Pinus massioniana for pine wood nematode inoculation experiments to get the spectral reflectance of healthy and infected Pinus mas- sioniana in different infection stages via a ground spectrometer （ wavelength in 350 - 2 500 nm）, and analyzed the changes in chlorophyll content at various periods. The original spectral reflectance of healthy and infected P. massoniana was significantly different in the middle and late infection stages, and the reflection peak and absorption valley in visible light region and near infrared region gradually weakened and even disappeared to a straight line. There was significant correlation rela- tionship between chlorophyll content of infected plants and spectral reflectance at the wavelength of 1 405 nm, and the quantitative inversion model of chlorophyll content was correspondingly established as follows： Car = - 1.74（X1~ ）2 ＋ 4. 72X1,~ - 0. 76. Through first-order derivative spectra at the wavelength of 593 nm, combined with quantitative inversion of the corresponding chlorophyll content, we can discriminate whether P. massoniana is infected by pine lt disease or not, especially in the early stages before disease features are visible to the naked eyes it has a good quantitative monitoring effect.
