Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. is known as a plant that has many special benefits such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. The present study was carried out to perform a phytochemicals study and evaluate the antim...Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. is known as a plant that has many special benefits such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. The present study was carried out to perform a phytochemicals study and evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. leaves. After phytochemicals screening, the content of phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidol and flavonoids in the extract of this plant was determined spectrophotometrically. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the micro-dilution technique on 96-well plates in liquid medium, combined with agar spreading. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the 1% carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes and sterols, phenols and flavonoids in the plant extract in varying proportions. The extract contained (0.049 ± 0.03 µg EAG/mg extract) total polyphenols, (0.215 ± 0.025 µg CE/mg extract) proanthocyanidins and (385.435 ± 0.0328 µg ER/mg ES) flavonoids. The hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of this plant inhibited the in vitro growth of the microbial strains studied to varying degrees. The MIC of the extract varied from 12.5 to 25 mg/mL and the BMC from 12.5 to 50 mg/mL. The plant did not show any activity on 1% carrageenan-induced rat paw edema.展开更多
Extract of oven dried leaves of Pongamia pinnata(L) Pierre was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Stable and crystalline silver nanoparticles were formed by the treatment of aqueous solution of AgNO_3(1m ...Extract of oven dried leaves of Pongamia pinnata(L) Pierre was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Stable and crystalline silver nanoparticles were formed by the treatment of aqueous solution of AgNO_3(1m M) with dried leaf extract of Pongamia pinnata(L) Pierre. UV-visible spectroscopy studies were carried out to quantify the formation of silver nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the silver nanoparticles. TEM image divulges that silver nanoparticles are quite polydispersed, the size ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm with an average of 38 nm. Water soluble heterocyclic compounds such as flavones were mainly responsible for the reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were effective against Escherichia coli(ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 6538p), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC 9027) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(clinical isolate). The move towards extracellular synthesis using dried biomass appears to be cost effective, eco-friendly to the conventional methods of nanoparticles synthesis.展开更多
A total of 24 candidate plus trees（CPTs） of Pongamia pinnata（L.） Pierre.were selected to elucidate their variation and diversity based on thirteen quantitative traits（4 pod traits,6 seed traits of parent trees an...A total of 24 candidate plus trees（CPTs） of Pongamia pinnata（L.） Pierre.were selected to elucidate their variation and diversity based on thirteen quantitative traits（4 pod traits,6 seed traits of parent trees and 3 progeny traits） at Forest Research Centre,Institute of Forest Productivity-Mandar,Ranchi district during 2005-2007.The results show that,CPT-19 had maximum for seven traits viz,pod length（65.6 mm）,100-pod weight（542.4 g）,seed 2D（two dimension） area（351.2 mm2）,seed length（27.9 mm）,seed breadth（17.4 mm）,100-seed weight（217.9 g） and plant height（164.3 cm）.The traits,100-pod weight and 100-seed weight had a high heritability（98.4%,96.9%） accompanied with high genetic advance（46.0%,34.9%）.There is a positive significant correlation between 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight traits at both genotypic and phenotypic levels with plant height,collar diameter and volume index at 30 MAS（months after sowing）.Volume index expressed a moderate heritability（47.4%） accompanied with high genetic advance（48.4%）,indicating that the character is governed by additive gene effects.In divergence study,24 accessions were grouped into 6 clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical euclidian cluster analysis.The genotypes in cluster IV（CPT-5,CPT-6,CPT-7,CPT-12,CPT-16,CPT18,CPT-22） and cluster III（CPT-4,CPT-8,CPT-9,CPT-20,CPT-21） were most heterogeneous and can be best used within group hybridization.The wide diversity exists between the cluster V and II,followed by cluster II and I and crosses between CPTs of these clusters may result in substantial segregates.It is revealed that the existence of substantial variation and diversity can be utilized for genetic resource conservation and further tree improvement programmers of the species.展开更多
In this study, we assessed the variability in pod, seed traits and oil content of 24 accessions of Pongamia pinnata collected from different parts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The experiment was conducte...In this study, we assessed the variability in pod, seed traits and oil content of 24 accessions of Pongamia pinnata collected from different parts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The experiment was conducted at the Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair during 2010 to 2011. The variability studies for pod and seed traits revealed that, the accession CPT-6 collected from New Wandoor in South Andaman recorded the maximum values for eight traits viz. pod length （75.51 mm）, pod width （34.62 mm）, pod thickness （17.55 mm）, 100 pod weight （770.33 g）, seed width （21.23 mm）, 100 seed weight （377.00 g）, oil percentage （43.92%） and germination percentage （94.7%）. However, the maximum seed length （26.46 mm） was recorded from CPT 2 and the maximum pod-seed ratio was obtained from CPT 13 and CPT 4 （2.50 and 2.44 respectively）. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations were also close to each other for all traits, but the 100 pod and seed weight exhibited higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation than the other traits. Estimates of broad sense heritability ranged from 0.30 （for seed length） to 0.95 （pod length） and genetic ad- vance as percent of the mean ranged between 11.66% and 57.40% with seed length giving the lowest value and 100 pod weight giving the high- est value. Both the phenotypic and genotypic correlation between pod length, pod width, pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width and 100 seed weight and between pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width, 100 seed weight and germination percentage were found to be strong. On the basis of non hierarchical Euclidian cluster analysis, 24 accessions were grouped into six clusters. The maximum numbers of seven accessions were included in cluster VI. The maximum intra cluster distance （10.238）shown by cluster VI and the maximum inter cluster distance （17.021） between V and HI followed by III and II （15.942）. Among the six clus- ters formed the cluster III recorded maximum oil percentage, 100 pod weight, 100 seed ,weight, pod length, pod thickness, pod width, seed width and. germination percentage, while cluster V recorded maximum pod seed ratio and germination percentage. The present findings suggest that the crossing between accessions of cluster V and cluster III will result in a wide spectrum of variability in subsequent generations.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of Kigelia pinnata rnethanolic(lowers extract in slreplozolocin(STZ) induced diabetic W islar rat.Methods.Rats were made diabetic by a single dose of STZ...Objective:To evaluate antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of Kigelia pinnata rnethanolic(lowers extract in slreplozolocin(STZ) induced diabetic W islar rat.Methods.Rats were made diabetic by a single dose of STZ at 60 mg/kg body weight i.p.The blood glucose level was checked before and 72 h after STZ injection to confirm the development ot diabetes.The flower extract and glibenclamide were administered orally at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 21 days.Results:Daily oral treatment with the extract and standard drug for 21 days significantly reduced blood glucose,serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels.High density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was found to be improved(P<0.01) as compared to diabetic control group.Conclusions:It is concluded that Kigellia pinnata flowers extract have significant antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect.展开更多
While data are available on the effect of medicinal plants on intestinal motility and their antibacterial action, there is a paucity of information on their mode of action on various aspects of diarrheal pathogenicity...While data are available on the effect of medicinal plants on intestinal motility and their antibacterial action, there is a paucity of information on their mode of action on various aspects of diarrheal pathogenicity, namely colonization to intestinal epithelial cells and production/action of enterotoxins. Crude decoction of dried leaves of Pongamia pinnata was evaluated for its antimicrobial (antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral) effect; and its effect on production and action of enterotoxins (cholera toxin, CT; Escherichia coli labile toxin, LT; and E. coli stable toxin, ST); and adherence of enteropathogenic E. coli and invasion of enteroinvasive E. coli and Shigella flexneri to epithelial cells. The decoction had no antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral activity, but reduced production of CT and bacterial invasion to epithelial cells. The observed results indicated that the crude decoction of P. pinnata has selective antidiarrheal action with efficacy against cholera and enteroinvasive bacterial strains causing bloody diarrheal episodes.展开更多
At the seedling stage, a small amount of N is required to boost growth of leguminous plants. A pot experiment was conducted to observe the effect of N fertilizer on various growth parameters and nodulation behavior of...At the seedling stage, a small amount of N is required to boost growth of leguminous plants. A pot experiment was conducted to observe the effect of N fertilizer on various growth parameters and nodulation behavior of Pongamia pinnata under nursery conditions. After the estab- lishment of seedlings, four nitrogen treatments, 0, 40, 80 and 100 kg-ha^-1 N were applied in two equal splits. Monthly observations were taken for the morphological parameters viz. plant height, collar diameter, leaf number, root length, root shoot ratio, nodule number and weight per plant. Maximum plant height was recorded after application of N at 40 kg.ha^-1. Seasonally, the difference in collar diameter in rainy season was signifi- cantly higher than in winter or summer. However, more leaves were produced per plant at N-40 and N-100 treatments in winter and rainy seasons. Higher root length was recorded in rainy season than in winter or summer. Root biomass was higher than for stems or leaves. Seasonal effects of N-80 and N-40 treatments on leaf dry weight were significantly higher than for N-100 or N-0. Stem dry weight was higher at N-40 than at other treatments in winter and summer seasons. Root：shoot ratio was higher throughout winter to early summer. Nodule biomass was 2-3 times higher in rainy season compared to winter or summer. Maximum nodule number and biomass per plant were highest at N-40, followed by N-0, N-80 and N-100 treatments. New nodule formation started from June to the end of September. Maximum biomass per plant was recorded at N-40, followed by N-80, N-100 and N-0. Nitrogen treatment effect and seasonal behaviour interaction were not significant. Significantly higher numbers of nodules per plant were recorded in rainy season followed by summer and winter for all treatments. Higher nitrogen doses suppressed growth while lower doses promoted growth in Pongamia pinnata. Therefore, the lower nitrogen dose i.e., N-40 Kg.ha^-1 applied in two equal splits was suitable at the initial nursery stage for the increase in nodula- tion and biomass production.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of cvcloart-23- ene-3β,25-diol(called as B2) isolated from stem bark of Pongamia pinnata.Methods:In vitro antioxidant activity of B2 was deter...Objective:To evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of cvcloart-23- ene-3β,25-diol(called as B2) isolated from stem bark of Pongamia pinnata.Methods:In vitro antioxidant activity of B2 was determined by methods for determination of Dl’PH radical scavenging,reducing power,superoxide anion radical scavenging,hydroxyl radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging,metal chelating and nitric oxide radical scavenging at the doses of 20.40.60.80 and 100μg/mL,respectively.3 -tocopherol with same concentration was used as a standard antioxidant.In vitro antimicrobial activity of B2 was determined by cup plate method in different concentration range of 10-100μg/mL.Results:The results indicated that dose dependent%reduction against DPPH radical,reducing power,superoxide anion radical scavenging,hydroxyl radical scavenging,metal chelating,hydrogen peroxide scavenging and nitric oxide radical scavenging by B2 andβ-tocopherol.Conclusions:It is concluded that cycloart 23-ene-3β,25 diol(B2) showed dose dependent antioxidant activity.B2 showed more DPPH radical scavenging,reducing power,superoxide scavenging,hydroxyl radical scavenging, metal chelating scavenging,hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity thanβ-tocopherol and in case of antimicrobial activity B2 exhibited broad-spectrum activ ity against bacteria and strong activity against yeast type of fungi.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the mosquito larvicidal activity of Pongamia pinnata(P.pinnata)extracts against three mosquito vectors.Methods:The methanol and hydroalcohol extracts of bark part of P.pinnata L were tested again...Objective:To evaluate the mosquito larvicidal activity of Pongamia pinnata(P.pinnata)extracts against three mosquito vectors.Methods:The methanol and hydroalcohol extracts of bark part of P.pinnata L were tested against fourth instar larvae of Culex quinqnefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi.The mortality was observed 24 h and 48 h after treatment,data was subjected to probit analysis to determine lethal concentration(LC_(50)and LC_(90))to kill 50 and 90 percent of treated larvae of tested species.Results:The larval mortality was found in both methanol and hydroalcohol extracts of P.pinnata against Culex quinquefascialus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi with LC_(50)values of 84.8,118.2 and 151.7 ppm;97.7,128.3 and 513 ppm.The highest larval mortality was found in methanol extract of P.pinnala when comparable to the hydroalcohol extract.Conclusions:These results suggest that both methanol and hyrdoalcohol extracts have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of disease vectors.This could lead to isolation of novel natural larvicidal compounds.展开更多
An evaluation of 30 naturally available candidate-plus trees（CPTs） of Pongamia pinnata was carried out to elucidate the genetic variability and relationship of pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits to select...An evaluation of 30 naturally available candidate-plus trees（CPTs） of Pongamia pinnata was carried out to elucidate the genetic variability and relationship of pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits to select the best planting material with higher productivity. Significant variations were observed in pod and seed characteristics,oil content, and during the progeny trial studies. The highest values were found in 100-pod weight（410.4 gm）and 100-seed weight（195.92 gm） and the phenotypic and genotypic variance was found maximum in 100 pod weight（4364.71 and 4289.93） and 100 seed weight（813.8 and768.93）, respectively. Estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variance were higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance for all the pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits, which depict the predominant role of the environment. Approximately 99 % of broad-sense heritability was revealed in oil content, followed by 100-pod weight（98.28 %）, and canopy growth（96.93 %）. Pod thickness shows the highest genetic advance of 56.61 %,followed by pod width（53.43 %） and canopy growth（49.3 %）. Pod and seed traits have proven a positive correlation between each other and with progeny growth traits,except a few negative values. Hierarchical clustering by Ward＇s minimum variance cluster analysis showed phylogeographical patterns of genetic diversity. K-means clustering revealed that trees from different geographical regions were grouped together in a cluster where as trees from the same geographical area are placed in a different cluster. Seven Pongamia ecotypes（GRP-8, 9, 13, 14, 18,28, and 29） are found superior in traits, namely 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, oil content, germination rate,plant height, canopy growth, and collar diameter. The traits100-pod weight and 100-seed weight are highly correlated with the progeny growth traits and even have higher heritability and genetic advantages.展开更多
Sugar palm(Arenga pinnata)starch is considered an important renewable,biodegradable,and eco-friendly polymer,which is derived from agricultural by-products and residues,with great potential for the development of bioc...Sugar palm(Arenga pinnata)starch is considered an important renewable,biodegradable,and eco-friendly polymer,which is derived from agricultural by-products and residues,with great potential for the development of biocomposite materials.This research was aimed at investigating the development of TPS biocomposites from A.pinnata palm starch using an extrusion process.Palm starch,glycerol,and stearic acid were extruded in a twin-screw extruder.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis of TPS showed that the starch granules were damaged and gelatinized in the extrusion process.The density of TPS was 1.3695 g/mL,lower than that of palm starch,and the addition of stearic acid resulted in increased TPS density.X-ray diffraction(XRD)results showed that palm starch had a C-type pattern crystalline structure.The tensile strength,elongation at break,and modulus of elasticity of TPS were 7.19 MPa,33.95%,and 0.56 GPa,respectively.The addition of stearic acid reduced the tensile strength,elongation at break and modulus of elasticity of TPS.The rheological properties,i.e.,melt flow rate(MFR)and viscosity of TPS,were 7.13 g/10 min and 2482.19 Pa.s,respectively.The presence of stearic acid in TPS resulted in increased MFR and decreased viscosity values.The peak gelatinization temperature of A.pinnata palm starch was 70°C,while Tg of TPS was 65°C.The addition of stearic acid reduced the Tg of TPS.The thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)analysis showed that the addition of glycerol and stearic acid decreased the thermal stability,but extended the temperature range of thermal degradation.TPS derived from A.pinnata palm starch by extrusion method has the potential to be applied in industrial practice as a promising raw material for manufacturing bio-based packaging as a sustainable and green alternative to petroleum-based plastics.展开更多
To elucidate the potential and sensitivity of cirradiation in Pongamia pinnata,the present study has been done by irradiating the air-dried seeds to differentγ-irradiation doses(100 Gy,200 Gy,400 Gy and 600 Gy),using...To elucidate the potential and sensitivity of cirradiation in Pongamia pinnata,the present study has been done by irradiating the air-dried seeds to differentγ-irradiation doses(100 Gy,200 Gy,400 Gy and 600 Gy),using 60Co source.Significant increase(p≤0.05)in the germination,growth,and vigor was recorded under the100 Gy treatment than the control set.The chlorophylla and total chlorophyll content(mgg-1 FW)in the leaves of P.pinnata showed a significant decrease under the higher irradiation treatments(200 Gy,400 Gy and 600 Gy).In contrast,chlorophyllb showed a radio-resistance up to 200 Gy dose,and above which its concentration declined significantly(p≤0.05).Photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,and transpiration rate were stimulated by 100 Gy irradiation treatment and the higher doses inhibited these parameters.Antioxidant activity in the leaves of P.pinnata tended to increase after irradiation in a dose-dependent manner.All the plants under different treatments ofγ-irradiation showed stimulation in production of proline,flavonoid,and phenolic content in comparision to the control.The findings of the present study showed thatγ-irradiation treatment stimulates the secondary metabolite production(proline,flavonoid and phenolic)and favours faster growth of P.pinnata.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic activities of the aqueous preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata(K.pinnata) leaves in streplozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods:Diabetes mellitus was induced...Objective:To evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic activities of the aqueous preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata(K.pinnata) leaves in streplozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods:Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by a single administration of streptozotocin(60 mg/Kg).Diabetic rats were then treated with aqueous K.pinnata for 30 d.Serum glucose,proteins.lipid composition,liver and kidney function indices,inflammatory markers,and key enzymes of hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were determined.Results:The untreated and treated diabetic groups lost weight and consumed less food compared to the normal group.We noted 37.9%decrease in fasting blood glucose in the treated diabetic group compared to 13.2%and 17.0%increases in normal and untreated diabetic groups respectively.Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly(P<0.05) reduced in the treated diabetic group compared to the untreated diabetic group.Blood urea nitrogen was significantly(P<0.05) elevated in the untreated and treated diabetic groups compared lo the normal group.Serum alkaline phosphatase and hepatic pyruvate kinase activities were significantly(P<0.05) elevated in the treated diabetic group.Scrum albumin level was signilieantiy(P<0.05) reduced in the untreated diabetic group.Serum IL-6 was significantly(P<0.05) depressed in the treated diabetic group.Conclusions:The observed decrease in body weight,blood glucose and cholesterol level suggests that the aqueous K.pinnata preparation consumption may be beneficial in the management of diabetes mellitus.The observed adverse effect on alkaline phosphatase activity may be due to the combined effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and K.pinnata preparation administration.展开更多
The aim of the current study is to review the medicinal properties of the plants found in Brunei Darussalam namely Litsea elliptica, Dillenia suffruticosa, Dillenia excelsa, Aidia racemosa, Vitex pinnata and Senna ala...The aim of the current study is to review the medicinal properties of the plants found in Brunei Darussalam namely Litsea elliptica, Dillenia suffruticosa, Dillenia excelsa, Aidia racemosa, Vitex pinnata and Senna alata. The known phytochemical constituents of these plants and their ability to bring about a range of biological activities are included in this review. These plants have been used traditionally for a multitude of diseases and illnesses. There is a lot of untapped potential in these medicinal plants which could cure multiple diseases.展开更多
A survey on the symptom and severity of the leaf spot disease of Pongamia pinnata L. was conducted in the nurseries of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong （IFESCU）, Banglad...A survey on the symptom and severity of the leaf spot disease of Pongamia pinnata L. was conducted in the nurseries of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong （IFESCU）, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute （BFRI） and Aronnak Nursery in Chittagong. The highest infection percentage and disease index were found in IFESCU nursery, followed by BFRI and the lowest was recorded in Aronnak nursery. The associated organism of leaf spot disease of P. pinnata was isolated from the diseased plant parts and the pathogenicity was established with the isolated fungus. Colletorichum gloeosprioides Penz was proved to be pathogenic. The inhibition of mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides was observed and identified as suitable fungicides （Bavistin, Cupravite and Dithane M-45） and doses （0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00）. The lowest and highest mycelial growth were respectively found on Bavistin and on Cupravite at the concentration of 0.05 after 8th day of incubation. It indicates that out of the three tested fungicides, Bavistin showed most effective, followed by Diathane M-45, and Cupravite was ineffective for its very little inhibition on mycelial growth.展开更多
The frequent cases of dengue incidences are leading cause of illness and death in urban areas and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is a primary vector for Dengue transmission in India. Synthesis of leaf mediated silver nanopa...The frequent cases of dengue incidences are leading cause of illness and death in urban areas and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is a primary vector for Dengue transmission in India. Synthesis of leaf mediated silver nanoparticles especially with Pongamia pinnata is a potential substitute for the existing organophosphorus insecticides like Tenophos, malathion and fenthion etc., for mosquito control programme. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectrum, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Analysis of TEM showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles are in spherical shape with average size of 20 nm. Further the XRD analysis confirms the nano-crystalline phase of silver with face centred cubic (FCC) crystal structure. GC-MS analysis elucidated the presence of two active ingredients, such as 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) and n-hexadecanoic acid, which are the prominent substances considered as larvicide. Larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of plant extracts and synthesized silver nanoparticles for 24 hours. From the results, it is found that plant extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects but, the synthesized silver nanoparticles had found to be toxic to larvae at LC50 (0.25 ppm) and LC90 (1 ppm).展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the physiological mechanism of uniconazole in response to drought stress in Dahlia pinnata.[Methods]With potted seedlings of D.pinnata variety‘Danbanhuang’as an experi...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the physiological mechanism of uniconazole in response to drought stress in Dahlia pinnata.[Methods]With potted seedlings of D.pinnata variety‘Danbanhuang’as an experimental material,the effects of different concentrations(10,20,30 and 50 mg/L)of uniconazole on the photosynthetic characteristics of D.pinnata under drought stress and rewatering conditions were discussed.[Results]With the extension of drought time,the chlorophyll SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of each treatment group decreased significantly,while the intercellular CO_(2)concentration showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing;and after pretreatment of uniconazole spraying on leaves,it could alleviate the inhibition of drought stress on the photosynthesis of D.pinnata,and was beneficial to the recovery of photosynthetic capacity of D.pinnata after rewatering,and the effect of leaf application concentration of 30 mg/L was the best.It showed that exogenous uniconazole helps to improve the drought resistance of D.pinnata.[Conclusions]This study provides a new experimental basis for the chemical regulation of stress resistance in D.pinnata and its production and application.展开更多
The ferric reducing antioxidant power, total phenolic content, radical scavenging activity, amino acid content and sugar content of spray dried Arenga pinnata juice powder were evaluated to determine the quality of sp...The ferric reducing antioxidant power, total phenolic content, radical scavenging activity, amino acid content and sugar content of spray dried Arenga pinnata juice powder were evaluated to determine the quality of spray dried powder obtained by spray drying of fresh Arenga pinnata juice at inlet temperature of 130 ℃, feed flow rate of 350 mL/h, outlet temperature of 70 ℃ and maltodextrin 10 DE addition at 20%. Powder obtained has a total phenolic compounds content of 5.82 mg/100 g of gallic acid equivalent （GAE） and antioxidant potential identified by free radical scavenging activity （IC50） was 0.6 μmol/g. The total sugar content ofArenga pinnata powder resulted in 30.14%. The analysis of free amino acids depicted the presence of lysine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine at higher levels. The nutritional profile of the powder is vital in delivering beneficial properties when reconstituted into juice.展开更多
Progeny studies of Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata were carried with respect to bioproductivity,pod and seed characters which is one of the selection methods in tree improvement programmes. Variations in bioprodu...Progeny studies of Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata were carried with respect to bioproductivity,pod and seed characters which is one of the selection methods in tree improvement programmes. Variations in bioproductivity and biodiesel parameters of both the plants were compared every 6 months for 4 years of investigation and analyzed by analysis of variance and correlation coefficient by Pearson＇s method using software Graphpad instat 3.06（for Windows and Mac）. P. pinnata has better germination rate（71.4 %）, 100 pod weight（PW）（311.59 g） and 100 seed weight（SW）（173.46 g） as compared to J. curcas for germination rate（43.2 %）, 100 PW（111.29 g） and 100 SW（67.46 g）. P. pinnata has strong correlation for plant height to canopy growth（CG）（0.948）, collar diameter（CD）（0.994）, number of branches per plant（NBP）（0.995） and to number of leaves per branch（NLB）（0.862） as compared to J.curcas which showed good correlation among plant height to CG（0.976）, CD（0.970）, NBP（0.988）, NLB（0.920） and to number of pods per branch（0.657）. However, J. curcas depicted negative correlation for pod breadth to seed length（SL）（-0.447）, seed breadth（-0.248） and to seed thickness（ST）（-0.364） and among the 100 PW to SL（-0.199）, ST（-0.220） and to 100 SW（-0.704）. About 4 kg of P. pinnata seeds were required for each liter of crude oil which yields896 ml of biodiesel on transesterification as compared to5.66 kg of J. curcas seeds for a liter of crude oil, producing about 663 ml of biodiesel. The quality of biodiesel meets the major specification of American Society for Testing and Materials（ASTM） standards for biodiesel. The crude glycerin and seed cake obtained as byproduct during biodiesel production were also measured which can be purified and used in composting, animal feeds, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries.展开更多
文摘Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. is known as a plant that has many special benefits such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. The present study was carried out to perform a phytochemicals study and evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. leaves. After phytochemicals screening, the content of phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidol and flavonoids in the extract of this plant was determined spectrophotometrically. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the micro-dilution technique on 96-well plates in liquid medium, combined with agar spreading. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the 1% carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes and sterols, phenols and flavonoids in the plant extract in varying proportions. The extract contained (0.049 ± 0.03 µg EAG/mg extract) total polyphenols, (0.215 ± 0.025 µg CE/mg extract) proanthocyanidins and (385.435 ± 0.0328 µg ER/mg ES) flavonoids. The hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of this plant inhibited the in vitro growth of the microbial strains studied to varying degrees. The MIC of the extract varied from 12.5 to 25 mg/mL and the BMC from 12.5 to 50 mg/mL. The plant did not show any activity on 1% carrageenan-induced rat paw edema.
文摘Extract of oven dried leaves of Pongamia pinnata(L) Pierre was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Stable and crystalline silver nanoparticles were formed by the treatment of aqueous solution of AgNO_3(1m M) with dried leaf extract of Pongamia pinnata(L) Pierre. UV-visible spectroscopy studies were carried out to quantify the formation of silver nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the silver nanoparticles. TEM image divulges that silver nanoparticles are quite polydispersed, the size ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm with an average of 38 nm. Water soluble heterocyclic compounds such as flavones were mainly responsible for the reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were effective against Escherichia coli(ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 6538p), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC 9027) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(clinical isolate). The move towards extracellular synthesis using dried biomass appears to be cost effective, eco-friendly to the conventional methods of nanoparticles synthesis.
文摘A total of 24 candidate plus trees（CPTs） of Pongamia pinnata（L.） Pierre.were selected to elucidate their variation and diversity based on thirteen quantitative traits（4 pod traits,6 seed traits of parent trees and 3 progeny traits） at Forest Research Centre,Institute of Forest Productivity-Mandar,Ranchi district during 2005-2007.The results show that,CPT-19 had maximum for seven traits viz,pod length（65.6 mm）,100-pod weight（542.4 g）,seed 2D（two dimension） area（351.2 mm2）,seed length（27.9 mm）,seed breadth（17.4 mm）,100-seed weight（217.9 g） and plant height（164.3 cm）.The traits,100-pod weight and 100-seed weight had a high heritability（98.4%,96.9%） accompanied with high genetic advance（46.0%,34.9%）.There is a positive significant correlation between 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight traits at both genotypic and phenotypic levels with plant height,collar diameter and volume index at 30 MAS（months after sowing）.Volume index expressed a moderate heritability（47.4%） accompanied with high genetic advance（48.4%）,indicating that the character is governed by additive gene effects.In divergence study,24 accessions were grouped into 6 clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical euclidian cluster analysis.The genotypes in cluster IV（CPT-5,CPT-6,CPT-7,CPT-12,CPT-16,CPT18,CPT-22） and cluster III（CPT-4,CPT-8,CPT-9,CPT-20,CPT-21） were most heterogeneous and can be best used within group hybridization.The wide diversity exists between the cluster V and II,followed by cluster II and I and crosses between CPTs of these clusters may result in substantial segregates.It is revealed that the existence of substantial variation and diversity can be utilized for genetic resource conservation and further tree improvement programmers of the species.
基金financially supported by the National Oil Seeds and Vegetable Oils Development Board,Gurgaon,Ministry of Agriculture,Government of India
文摘In this study, we assessed the variability in pod, seed traits and oil content of 24 accessions of Pongamia pinnata collected from different parts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The experiment was conducted at the Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair during 2010 to 2011. The variability studies for pod and seed traits revealed that, the accession CPT-6 collected from New Wandoor in South Andaman recorded the maximum values for eight traits viz. pod length （75.51 mm）, pod width （34.62 mm）, pod thickness （17.55 mm）, 100 pod weight （770.33 g）, seed width （21.23 mm）, 100 seed weight （377.00 g）, oil percentage （43.92%） and germination percentage （94.7%）. However, the maximum seed length （26.46 mm） was recorded from CPT 2 and the maximum pod-seed ratio was obtained from CPT 13 and CPT 4 （2.50 and 2.44 respectively）. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations were also close to each other for all traits, but the 100 pod and seed weight exhibited higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation than the other traits. Estimates of broad sense heritability ranged from 0.30 （for seed length） to 0.95 （pod length） and genetic ad- vance as percent of the mean ranged between 11.66% and 57.40% with seed length giving the lowest value and 100 pod weight giving the high- est value. Both the phenotypic and genotypic correlation between pod length, pod width, pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width and 100 seed weight and between pod thickness, 100 pod weight, seed width, 100 seed weight and germination percentage were found to be strong. On the basis of non hierarchical Euclidian cluster analysis, 24 accessions were grouped into six clusters. The maximum numbers of seven accessions were included in cluster VI. The maximum intra cluster distance （10.238）shown by cluster VI and the maximum inter cluster distance （17.021） between V and HI followed by III and II （15.942）. Among the six clus- ters formed the cluster III recorded maximum oil percentage, 100 pod weight, 100 seed ,weight, pod length, pod thickness, pod width, seed width and. germination percentage, while cluster V recorded maximum pod seed ratio and germination percentage. The present findings suggest that the crossing between accessions of cluster V and cluster III will result in a wide spectrum of variability in subsequent generations.
基金Supported by Caceer Award for Young Teachers(Grant No.F.No.1-51/RID/CA/4/2009-10)
文摘Objective:To evaluate antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of Kigelia pinnata rnethanolic(lowers extract in slreplozolocin(STZ) induced diabetic W islar rat.Methods.Rats were made diabetic by a single dose of STZ at 60 mg/kg body weight i.p.The blood glucose level was checked before and 72 h after STZ injection to confirm the development ot diabetes.The flower extract and glibenclamide were administered orally at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 21 days.Results:Daily oral treatment with the extract and standard drug for 21 days significantly reduced blood glucose,serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels.High density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was found to be improved(P<0.01) as compared to diabetic control group.Conclusions:It is concluded that Kigellia pinnata flowers extract have significant antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect.
基金Project (No. 91283) supported by the Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government ofIndia
文摘While data are available on the effect of medicinal plants on intestinal motility and their antibacterial action, there is a paucity of information on their mode of action on various aspects of diarrheal pathogenicity, namely colonization to intestinal epithelial cells and production/action of enterotoxins. Crude decoction of dried leaves of Pongamia pinnata was evaluated for its antimicrobial (antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral) effect; and its effect on production and action of enterotoxins (cholera toxin, CT; Escherichia coli labile toxin, LT; and E. coli stable toxin, ST); and adherence of enteropathogenic E. coli and invasion of enteroinvasive E. coli and Shigella flexneri to epithelial cells. The decoction had no antibacterial, antigiardial and antirotaviral activity, but reduced production of CT and bacterial invasion to epithelial cells. The observed results indicated that the crude decoction of P. pinnata has selective antidiarrheal action with efficacy against cholera and enteroinvasive bacterial strains causing bloody diarrheal episodes.
文摘At the seedling stage, a small amount of N is required to boost growth of leguminous plants. A pot experiment was conducted to observe the effect of N fertilizer on various growth parameters and nodulation behavior of Pongamia pinnata under nursery conditions. After the estab- lishment of seedlings, four nitrogen treatments, 0, 40, 80 and 100 kg-ha^-1 N were applied in two equal splits. Monthly observations were taken for the morphological parameters viz. plant height, collar diameter, leaf number, root length, root shoot ratio, nodule number and weight per plant. Maximum plant height was recorded after application of N at 40 kg.ha^-1. Seasonally, the difference in collar diameter in rainy season was signifi- cantly higher than in winter or summer. However, more leaves were produced per plant at N-40 and N-100 treatments in winter and rainy seasons. Higher root length was recorded in rainy season than in winter or summer. Root biomass was higher than for stems or leaves. Seasonal effects of N-80 and N-40 treatments on leaf dry weight were significantly higher than for N-100 or N-0. Stem dry weight was higher at N-40 than at other treatments in winter and summer seasons. Root：shoot ratio was higher throughout winter to early summer. Nodule biomass was 2-3 times higher in rainy season compared to winter or summer. Maximum nodule number and biomass per plant were highest at N-40, followed by N-0, N-80 and N-100 treatments. New nodule formation started from June to the end of September. Maximum biomass per plant was recorded at N-40, followed by N-80, N-100 and N-0. Nitrogen treatment effect and seasonal behaviour interaction were not significant. Significantly higher numbers of nodules per plant were recorded in rainy season followed by summer and winter for all treatments. Higher nitrogen doses suppressed growth while lower doses promoted growth in Pongamia pinnata. Therefore, the lower nitrogen dose i.e., N-40 Kg.ha^-1 applied in two equal splits was suitable at the initial nursery stage for the increase in nodula- tion and biomass production.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of cvcloart-23- ene-3β,25-diol(called as B2) isolated from stem bark of Pongamia pinnata.Methods:In vitro antioxidant activity of B2 was determined by methods for determination of Dl’PH radical scavenging,reducing power,superoxide anion radical scavenging,hydroxyl radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging,metal chelating and nitric oxide radical scavenging at the doses of 20.40.60.80 and 100μg/mL,respectively.3 -tocopherol with same concentration was used as a standard antioxidant.In vitro antimicrobial activity of B2 was determined by cup plate method in different concentration range of 10-100μg/mL.Results:The results indicated that dose dependent%reduction against DPPH radical,reducing power,superoxide anion radical scavenging,hydroxyl radical scavenging,metal chelating,hydrogen peroxide scavenging and nitric oxide radical scavenging by B2 andβ-tocopherol.Conclusions:It is concluded that cycloart 23-ene-3β,25 diol(B2) showed dose dependent antioxidant activity.B2 showed more DPPH radical scavenging,reducing power,superoxide scavenging,hydroxyl radical scavenging, metal chelating scavenging,hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity thanβ-tocopherol and in case of antimicrobial activity B2 exhibited broad-spectrum activ ity against bacteria and strong activity against yeast type of fungi.
基金Foundation Name and Grant No:AICTE/QIP/09/2009/059
文摘Objective:To evaluate the mosquito larvicidal activity of Pongamia pinnata(P.pinnata)extracts against three mosquito vectors.Methods:The methanol and hydroalcohol extracts of bark part of P.pinnata L were tested against fourth instar larvae of Culex quinqnefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi.The mortality was observed 24 h and 48 h after treatment,data was subjected to probit analysis to determine lethal concentration(LC_(50)and LC_(90))to kill 50 and 90 percent of treated larvae of tested species.Results:The larval mortality was found in both methanol and hydroalcohol extracts of P.pinnata against Culex quinquefascialus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi with LC_(50)values of 84.8,118.2 and 151.7 ppm;97.7,128.3 and 513 ppm.The highest larval mortality was found in methanol extract of P.pinnala when comparable to the hydroalcohol extract.Conclusions:These results suggest that both methanol and hyrdoalcohol extracts have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of disease vectors.This could lead to isolation of novel natural larvicidal compounds.
基金supported by the project UGC-MRP No.F.No-39-258/2010(SF)
文摘An evaluation of 30 naturally available candidate-plus trees（CPTs） of Pongamia pinnata was carried out to elucidate the genetic variability and relationship of pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits to select the best planting material with higher productivity. Significant variations were observed in pod and seed characteristics,oil content, and during the progeny trial studies. The highest values were found in 100-pod weight（410.4 gm）and 100-seed weight（195.92 gm） and the phenotypic and genotypic variance was found maximum in 100 pod weight（4364.71 and 4289.93） and 100 seed weight（813.8 and768.93）, respectively. Estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variance were higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance for all the pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits, which depict the predominant role of the environment. Approximately 99 % of broad-sense heritability was revealed in oil content, followed by 100-pod weight（98.28 %）, and canopy growth（96.93 %）. Pod thickness shows the highest genetic advance of 56.61 %,followed by pod width（53.43 %） and canopy growth（49.3 %）. Pod and seed traits have proven a positive correlation between each other and with progeny growth traits,except a few negative values. Hierarchical clustering by Ward＇s minimum variance cluster analysis showed phylogeographical patterns of genetic diversity. K-means clustering revealed that trees from different geographical regions were grouped together in a cluster where as trees from the same geographical area are placed in a different cluster. Seven Pongamia ecotypes（GRP-8, 9, 13, 14, 18,28, and 29） are found superior in traits, namely 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, oil content, germination rate,plant height, canopy growth, and collar diameter. The traits100-pod weight and 100-seed weight are highly correlated with the progeny growth traits and even have higher heritability and genetic advantages.
基金from The Hitachi Global Foundation Asia Innovation Award 2020.Also,the authors thank the facilities,scientific and technical support from Advanced Characterization Laboratories Serpong and Cibinong,National Research and Innovation Institute through E-Layanan Sains,Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional(BRIN).
文摘Sugar palm(Arenga pinnata)starch is considered an important renewable,biodegradable,and eco-friendly polymer,which is derived from agricultural by-products and residues,with great potential for the development of biocomposite materials.This research was aimed at investigating the development of TPS biocomposites from A.pinnata palm starch using an extrusion process.Palm starch,glycerol,and stearic acid were extruded in a twin-screw extruder.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis of TPS showed that the starch granules were damaged and gelatinized in the extrusion process.The density of TPS was 1.3695 g/mL,lower than that of palm starch,and the addition of stearic acid resulted in increased TPS density.X-ray diffraction(XRD)results showed that palm starch had a C-type pattern crystalline structure.The tensile strength,elongation at break,and modulus of elasticity of TPS were 7.19 MPa,33.95%,and 0.56 GPa,respectively.The addition of stearic acid reduced the tensile strength,elongation at break and modulus of elasticity of TPS.The rheological properties,i.e.,melt flow rate(MFR)and viscosity of TPS,were 7.13 g/10 min and 2482.19 Pa.s,respectively.The presence of stearic acid in TPS resulted in increased MFR and decreased viscosity values.The peak gelatinization temperature of A.pinnata palm starch was 70°C,while Tg of TPS was 65°C.The addition of stearic acid reduced the Tg of TPS.The thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)analysis showed that the addition of glycerol and stearic acid decreased the thermal stability,but extended the temperature range of thermal degradation.TPS derived from A.pinnata palm starch by extrusion method has the potential to be applied in industrial practice as a promising raw material for manufacturing bio-based packaging as a sustainable and green alternative to petroleum-based plastics.
基金the part of PhD research of Dr Mohd Rafi Wani under the supervision of Prof S S Singh at the Department of Forestry,Wildlife and Environmental Sciences.During which Dr Mohd Rafi Wani was getting a non NETUGC fellowship from Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya,Bilaspur,Chhattisgarh,India,495009
文摘To elucidate the potential and sensitivity of cirradiation in Pongamia pinnata,the present study has been done by irradiating the air-dried seeds to differentγ-irradiation doses(100 Gy,200 Gy,400 Gy and 600 Gy),using 60Co source.Significant increase(p≤0.05)in the germination,growth,and vigor was recorded under the100 Gy treatment than the control set.The chlorophylla and total chlorophyll content(mgg-1 FW)in the leaves of P.pinnata showed a significant decrease under the higher irradiation treatments(200 Gy,400 Gy and 600 Gy).In contrast,chlorophyllb showed a radio-resistance up to 200 Gy dose,and above which its concentration declined significantly(p≤0.05).Photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration,and transpiration rate were stimulated by 100 Gy irradiation treatment and the higher doses inhibited these parameters.Antioxidant activity in the leaves of P.pinnata tended to increase after irradiation in a dose-dependent manner.All the plants under different treatments ofγ-irradiation showed stimulation in production of proline,flavonoid,and phenolic content in comparision to the control.The findings of the present study showed thatγ-irradiation treatment stimulates the secondary metabolite production(proline,flavonoid and phenolic)and favours faster growth of P.pinnata.
基金Supported by Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi University Research Enhancement Grant
文摘Objective:To evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic activities of the aqueous preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata(K.pinnata) leaves in streplozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods:Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by a single administration of streptozotocin(60 mg/Kg).Diabetic rats were then treated with aqueous K.pinnata for 30 d.Serum glucose,proteins.lipid composition,liver and kidney function indices,inflammatory markers,and key enzymes of hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were determined.Results:The untreated and treated diabetic groups lost weight and consumed less food compared to the normal group.We noted 37.9%decrease in fasting blood glucose in the treated diabetic group compared to 13.2%and 17.0%increases in normal and untreated diabetic groups respectively.Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly(P<0.05) reduced in the treated diabetic group compared to the untreated diabetic group.Blood urea nitrogen was significantly(P<0.05) elevated in the untreated and treated diabetic groups compared lo the normal group.Serum alkaline phosphatase and hepatic pyruvate kinase activities were significantly(P<0.05) elevated in the treated diabetic group.Scrum albumin level was signilieantiy(P<0.05) reduced in the untreated diabetic group.Serum IL-6 was significantly(P<0.05) depressed in the treated diabetic group.Conclusions:The observed decrease in body weight,blood glucose and cholesterol level suggests that the aqueous K.pinnata preparation consumption may be beneficial in the management of diabetes mellitus.The observed adverse effect on alkaline phosphatase activity may be due to the combined effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and K.pinnata preparation administration.
基金Supported by Universiti Brunei Darussalam and the Brunei Research Council(Grant No.JPKE/UBD/BRC6)
文摘The aim of the current study is to review the medicinal properties of the plants found in Brunei Darussalam namely Litsea elliptica, Dillenia suffruticosa, Dillenia excelsa, Aidia racemosa, Vitex pinnata and Senna alata. The known phytochemical constituents of these plants and their ability to bring about a range of biological activities are included in this review. These plants have been used traditionally for a multitude of diseases and illnesses. There is a lot of untapped potential in these medicinal plants which could cure multiple diseases.
文摘A survey on the symptom and severity of the leaf spot disease of Pongamia pinnata L. was conducted in the nurseries of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong （IFESCU）, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute （BFRI） and Aronnak Nursery in Chittagong. The highest infection percentage and disease index were found in IFESCU nursery, followed by BFRI and the lowest was recorded in Aronnak nursery. The associated organism of leaf spot disease of P. pinnata was isolated from the diseased plant parts and the pathogenicity was established with the isolated fungus. Colletorichum gloeosprioides Penz was proved to be pathogenic. The inhibition of mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides was observed and identified as suitable fungicides （Bavistin, Cupravite and Dithane M-45） and doses （0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00）. The lowest and highest mycelial growth were respectively found on Bavistin and on Cupravite at the concentration of 0.05 after 8th day of incubation. It indicates that out of the three tested fungicides, Bavistin showed most effective, followed by Diathane M-45, and Cupravite was ineffective for its very little inhibition on mycelial growth.
文摘The frequent cases of dengue incidences are leading cause of illness and death in urban areas and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is a primary vector for Dengue transmission in India. Synthesis of leaf mediated silver nanoparticles especially with Pongamia pinnata is a potential substitute for the existing organophosphorus insecticides like Tenophos, malathion and fenthion etc., for mosquito control programme. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectrum, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Analysis of TEM showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles are in spherical shape with average size of 20 nm. Further the XRD analysis confirms the nano-crystalline phase of silver with face centred cubic (FCC) crystal structure. GC-MS analysis elucidated the presence of two active ingredients, such as 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) and n-hexadecanoic acid, which are the prominent substances considered as larvicide. Larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of plant extracts and synthesized silver nanoparticles for 24 hours. From the results, it is found that plant extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects but, the synthesized silver nanoparticles had found to be toxic to larvae at LC50 (0.25 ppm) and LC90 (1 ppm).
基金Applied Basic Research Program of Suzhou City(SYN201405).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the physiological mechanism of uniconazole in response to drought stress in Dahlia pinnata.[Methods]With potted seedlings of D.pinnata variety‘Danbanhuang’as an experimental material,the effects of different concentrations(10,20,30 and 50 mg/L)of uniconazole on the photosynthetic characteristics of D.pinnata under drought stress and rewatering conditions were discussed.[Results]With the extension of drought time,the chlorophyll SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of each treatment group decreased significantly,while the intercellular CO_(2)concentration showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing;and after pretreatment of uniconazole spraying on leaves,it could alleviate the inhibition of drought stress on the photosynthesis of D.pinnata,and was beneficial to the recovery of photosynthetic capacity of D.pinnata after rewatering,and the effect of leaf application concentration of 30 mg/L was the best.It showed that exogenous uniconazole helps to improve the drought resistance of D.pinnata.[Conclusions]This study provides a new experimental basis for the chemical regulation of stress resistance in D.pinnata and its production and application.
文摘The ferric reducing antioxidant power, total phenolic content, radical scavenging activity, amino acid content and sugar content of spray dried Arenga pinnata juice powder were evaluated to determine the quality of spray dried powder obtained by spray drying of fresh Arenga pinnata juice at inlet temperature of 130 ℃, feed flow rate of 350 mL/h, outlet temperature of 70 ℃ and maltodextrin 10 DE addition at 20%. Powder obtained has a total phenolic compounds content of 5.82 mg/100 g of gallic acid equivalent （GAE） and antioxidant potential identified by free radical scavenging activity （IC50） was 0.6 μmol/g. The total sugar content ofArenga pinnata powder resulted in 30.14%. The analysis of free amino acids depicted the presence of lysine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine at higher levels. The nutritional profile of the powder is vital in delivering beneficial properties when reconstituted into juice.
基金supported by the project UGC-MRP No.F.No.-39-258/2010(SF),UGC,Government of India,New Delhi
文摘Progeny studies of Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata were carried with respect to bioproductivity,pod and seed characters which is one of the selection methods in tree improvement programmes. Variations in bioproductivity and biodiesel parameters of both the plants were compared every 6 months for 4 years of investigation and analyzed by analysis of variance and correlation coefficient by Pearson＇s method using software Graphpad instat 3.06（for Windows and Mac）. P. pinnata has better germination rate（71.4 %）, 100 pod weight（PW）（311.59 g） and 100 seed weight（SW）（173.46 g） as compared to J. curcas for germination rate（43.2 %）, 100 PW（111.29 g） and 100 SW（67.46 g）. P. pinnata has strong correlation for plant height to canopy growth（CG）（0.948）, collar diameter（CD）（0.994）, number of branches per plant（NBP）（0.995） and to number of leaves per branch（NLB）（0.862） as compared to J.curcas which showed good correlation among plant height to CG（0.976）, CD（0.970）, NBP（0.988）, NLB（0.920） and to number of pods per branch（0.657）. However, J. curcas depicted negative correlation for pod breadth to seed length（SL）（-0.447）, seed breadth（-0.248） and to seed thickness（ST）（-0.364） and among the 100 PW to SL（-0.199）, ST（-0.220） and to 100 SW（-0.704）. About 4 kg of P. pinnata seeds were required for each liter of crude oil which yields896 ml of biodiesel on transesterification as compared to5.66 kg of J. curcas seeds for a liter of crude oil, producing about 663 ml of biodiesel. The quality of biodiesel meets the major specification of American Society for Testing and Materials（ASTM） standards for biodiesel. The crude glycerin and seed cake obtained as byproduct during biodiesel production were also measured which can be purified and used in composting, animal feeds, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries.
