The human factors and their interaction with other factors play an important role in the flight safety of transport aircraft.In this paper,a paradigm of risk assessment for transport aircraft interacting with piloting...The human factors and their interaction with other factors play an important role in the flight safety of transport aircraft.In this paper,a paradigm of risk assessment for transport aircraft interacting with piloting behaviors is proposed,with focus on landing which is the most accident-prone flight stage in aviation safety statistics.Model-based flight simulation serves as our data source for landing risk analysis under uncertainties.A digital pilot in the loop that reflects the human piloting behaviors is employed to facilitate simulation efficiency.Eight types of unsafe events in landing are identified from statistics.On this basis,the landing safety boundary is extracted via stochastic simulation to divide safety and hazardous flight status domains,which con-tributes to flight status management and risk warning.The simulation results indicate that appro-priate piloting behavior,which is active response and fast target acquisition with minimum overshoot and fluctuation,shows benefit to landing safety.The subset simulation technique is employed to further refine the boundary with less computational workload.Furthermore,the effect of airspeed,windspeed,and other factors on landing risk is also discussed.The proposed risk assess-ment method would help optimize operation procedure and develop targeted pilot training program.展开更多
As urbanization accelerates globally,air pollution-particularly PM_(2.5)-is becoming an increasingly significant threat,not only to public health but also the environment.In-depth research on the impact of China’s Ze...As urbanization accelerates globally,air pollution-particularly PM_(2.5)-is becoming an increasingly significant threat,not only to public health but also the environment.In-depth research on the impact of China’s Zero Waste City pilot policy on PM_(2.5)concentration offers valuable insights into the policy’s effectiveness and provides a potential model for environmental governance worldwide.This study employs panel data from 293 Chinese cities from 2014 to 2022 to systematically analyze the impact of the Zero-Waste City policy on PM_(2.5)concentration using a difference-in-differences model.The findings indicate that the policy not only directly reduces PM_(2.5)concentration but also indirectly curbs PM_(2.5)emissions by enhancing green innovation and green economic efficiency.Moreover,the policy’s effects are found to be positively moderated by urban energy dependence and digital financial inclusion,while they are negatively moderated by the government debt ratio.Based on these findings,this study suggests that cities should actively develop their digital economy,reduce government debt,promote green innovation,and improve green economic efficiency,as doing so will enhance their implementation of environmental policies and promote sustainable urban development.展开更多
Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcom...Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcomes in this disease have proven fully effective,and a comprehensive physical examination remains the primary method for early detection and monitoring of HNSCC.展开更多
Mandate-based and market-based mechanisms represent two primary approaches to achieving policy objectives,yet the debate over their relative effectiveness remains unresolved.The mandate-based approach is exemplified b...Mandate-based and market-based mechanisms represent two primary approaches to achieving policy objectives,yet the debate over their relative effectiveness remains unresolved.The mandate-based approach is exemplified by pilot programs for low-carbon provinces and cities,referred to as“Low-Carbon Pilot Provinces/Cities”,while the market-based mechanism is reflected in pilot programs for carbon emissions trading markets,or“Carbon Trading Pilot Programs”.This paper employs event study analysis to compare the carbon emission reduction impacts of these two approaches.Our findings reveal that the Low-Carbon Pilot Provinces/Cities achieved emissions reduction primarily by curbing economic output,without significantly reducing carbon emissions intensity.In contrast,the Carbon Trading Pilot Programs led to an increase in total carbon emissions by driving economic growth,even as they reduced carbon emissions intensity.A heterogeneity analysis further indicates that the emissions reductions observed in the Low-Carbon Pilot Provinces/Cities were predominantly concentrated in economically less-developed regions,whereas the increase in carbon emissions associated with the Carbon Trading Pilot Programs was more significant in regions with lower initial carbon emissions intensity.Against the backdrop of China’s efforts to achieve its carbon peak and neutrality goals,this paper offers valuable insights for the design of effective climate policies.展开更多
Zhang Bo is a legend in his own right:at the age of 52,he obtained his pilot’s license;at 54,he became the first Chinese citizen to circumnavigate the globe by air;and at 57,he completed his second round-the-world fl...Zhang Bo is a legend in his own right:at the age of 52,he obtained his pilot’s license;at 54,he became the first Chinese citizen to circumnavigate the globe by air;and at 57,he completed his second round-the-world flight.展开更多
Addressing the environmental issues of traditional vanadium extraction methods from vanadium-bearing shale,a highly efficient and clean suspension oxidation roasting-curing-leaching process was proposed and semi-indus...Addressing the environmental issues of traditional vanadium extraction methods from vanadium-bearing shale,a highly efficient and clean suspension oxidation roasting-curing-leaching process was proposed and semi-industrial trials were conducted.Vanadium in raw ore mainly exists in sericite,roscoelite,and limonite,predominantly in the forms of V(Ⅲ)and V(Ⅳ).Under the conditions of a feed rate of 30 kg/h,an air flow rate of 28.0 m^(3)/h,an O_(2) flow rate of 4.0 m^(3)/h,and a temperature of 900℃ in both the suspension furnace and fluidized reactor,the vanadium-bearing mica underwent dehydroxylation and transformed into illite-montmorillonite.These changes disrupted the crystal structure of mica,facilitating vanadium extraction.Compared to direct acid leaching,curing-leaching demonstrates better performance in vanadium extraction.Under the conditions of curing temperature of 130℃,acid dosage of 40 wt.%,curing time of 6 h,and leaching time of 3 h,a V_(2)O_(5) leaching efficiency of 83.92% was achieved.展开更多
In this paper,an interference cancellation based neural receiver for superimposed pilot(SIP)in multi-layer transmission is proposed,where the data and pilot are non-orthogonally superimposed in the same time-frequency...In this paper,an interference cancellation based neural receiver for superimposed pilot(SIP)in multi-layer transmission is proposed,where the data and pilot are non-orthogonally superimposed in the same time-frequency resource.Specifically,to deal with the intra-layer and inter-layer interference of SIP under multi-layer transmission,the interference cancellation with superimposed symbol aided channel estimation is leveraged in the neural receiver,accompanied by the pre-design of pilot code-division orthogonal mechanism at transmitter.In addition,to address the complexity issue for inter-vendor collaboration and the generalization problem in practical deployments,respectively,this paper also provides a fixed SIP(F-SIP)design based on constant pilot power ratio and scalable mechanisms for different modulation and coding schemes(MCSs)and transmission layers.Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed schemes on the performance of block error rate and throughput compared with existing counterparts.展开更多
Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt,China,generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system,which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits i...Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt,China,generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system,which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits in conventional anaerobic digestion(CAD).Therefore,this paper is on a pilot scale,a bio-thermophilic pretreatment anaerobic digestion(BTPAD)for low organic sludge(volatile solids(VS)of 4%)was operated with a long-term continuous flow of 200 days.The VS degradation rate and CH_(4) yield of BTPAD increased by 19.93%and 53.33%,respectively,compared to those of CAD.The analysis of organic compositions in sludge revealed that BTPAD mainly improved the hydrolysis of proteins in sludge.Further analysis of microbial community proportions by high-throughput sequencing revealed that the short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment was enriched in Clostridiales,Coprothermobacter and Gelria,was capable of hydrolyzing acidified proteins,and provided more volatile fatty acid(VFA)for the subsequent reaction.Biome combined with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis showed that the number of bacteria with high methanogenic capacity in BTPAD was much higher than that in CAD during the medium temperature digestion stage,indicating that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could provide better methanogenic conditions for BTPAD.Furthermore,the greenhouse gas emission footprint analysis showed that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could reduce the carbon emission of sludge anaerobic digestion system by 19.18%.展开更多
Before nationwide implementation of waste classification programs in rural areas,identifying suitable pilot regions is crucial.This study develops a comprehensive framework for assessing and selecting these pilot regi...Before nationwide implementation of waste classification programs in rural areas,identifying suitable pilot regions is crucial.This study develops a comprehensive framework for assessing and selecting these pilot regions.Data were collected through 654 valid questionnaires and interviews with respondents from rural areas in six provinces across China.Primary assessment criteria included disposal methods for kitchen waste,recyclables,hazardous waste,and residual waste,as well as farmers’willingness to separate hazardous waste when offered compensation and the impact of centralized waste treatment in villages.Secondary criteria focused on disposal methods for agrochemical packages and other hazardous waste.Using the weighted sum of squares method,the study evaluated the suitability of six regions as pilot areas for waste classification.The results identified villages in Jiangsu province and Hebei province as the most suitable pilot regions.Based on the findings,the study provides recommendations to address weaknesses in these regions to enhance the effectiveness of future trials and offers tailored suggestions for other regions to improve their waste classification initiatives.展开更多
A pilot plant integrating pervaporation membrane bioreactor and mechanical vapor compression for bioethanol production was designed and constructed in the study,with a bioethanol production of 300 t·a^(-1).Key eq...A pilot plant integrating pervaporation membrane bioreactor and mechanical vapor compression for bioethanol production was designed and constructed in the study,with a bioethanol production of 300 t·a^(-1).Key equipment in the process were designed based on bench test data.A pilot-scale fermenter with 20 m^(3) in volume,4 m in height and 2.5 m in diameter was designed based on geometric similarity criterion and power equality criterion.An integrated plate-frame membrane module with 105 plates was newly developed.Compared with conventional batch fermentation,the improvement of equipment utilization efficiency and the cell utilization efficiency can be expected as 1.5-2.0 times and 2-10 times,respectively,with waste water reduced by 70% to 85%.The high-exergy energy requirement for pilot plant was 57.5 k W,of which the broth preheater occupied 85.7%,following by the compressor 1.1%,pump1.9% and fermenter agitator 0.3%.The total energy requirement including distillation for producing 1 kg ethanol(95%(mass)) achieved an energy surplus of 15.6 MJ.展开更多
2025年6月5日,米其林宣布,正在推出全新Pilot Sport Endurance 2026系列轮胎,该系列专为超跑设计,将在克莱蒙费朗的卡塔鲁工厂生产。米其林表示,这款光面轮胎系列是该集团在可持续发展承诺中的重要进步,其目标是在轮胎成分中融入50%的...2025年6月5日,米其林宣布,正在推出全新Pilot Sport Endurance 2026系列轮胎,该系列专为超跑设计,将在克莱蒙费朗的卡塔鲁工厂生产。米其林表示,这款光面轮胎系列是该集团在可持续发展承诺中的重要进步,其目标是在轮胎成分中融入50%的可持续材料(可再生材料和回收材料)。展开更多
The clinical application of solid lipid particles(SLPs)is hampered due to the need for advanced nano/micro-suspension production technology.This research aims to establish a pilot-scale production line employing high-...The clinical application of solid lipid particles(SLPs)is hampered due to the need for advanced nano/micro-suspension production technology.This research aims to establish a pilot-scale production line employing high-speed shears as emulsification equipment.The primary purpose is to manufacture nano/micro-suspensions using solid lipid particles(SLPs).The study also exhaustively introduces and analyzes the regulatory schemes for process parameters and formulations at various stages of production.The process and formulation endured optimization through orthog-onal or single-factor tests at various production steps:laboratory research,small-scale trial production,and pilot production.Quality standards for the product were determined,and key parameters were obtained at each stage.The laboratory research demonstrated that the optimal SLPs comprised 15 mL 3%polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)per 1.0 g tilmicosin and 2.5 g carnauba wax(WAX).During small-scale production,modifications were made to the volume of the aqueous phase,emulsifier concentration,and emulsification strength,setting them to 16 mL,5%,and 2200 r/min,respectively.In the pilot production stage,the shear time was considered optimal at eight min.The impurity,content,polydispersion coefficient(PDI),and size of the pilot product were<3%,5%,0385 and 2.64μm,respectively.Among the several parameters studied,heating temperature,drug-lipid ratio,and emulsifier concentration were identified as the main factors affecting product quality,and they were regulated at 100℃,1:3,and 5%,respectively.A novel hot melt emulsification shear method aided the development of a new solid lipid-based suspension from its preliminary stages in the laboratory to pilot production.This innovation is expected to enhance solid lipid-based suspensions'industrial evolution extensively.展开更多
Dear Editor,In recent years,there has been a significant upward trend in the detection rate of thyroid diseases among military flight personnel[1].Thyroid diseases not only pose a serious threat to the health of fligh...Dear Editor,In recent years,there has been a significant upward trend in the detection rate of thyroid diseases among military flight personnel[1].Thyroid diseases not only pose a serious threat to the health of flight personnel but also have negative impacts on the aviation safety and combat effectiveness of troops.It has been confirmed that the occurrence and progression of thyroid diseases are closely linked to dietary iodine intake.Studies have manifested that long-term excessive or insufficient iodine intake can lead to thyroid diseases[2,3].展开更多
Hydrogen storage-a key hurdle for clean energy-has advanced with a pilot plant producing 150 tons of magnesium hydride annually since January 10,2025.Developed by a research team at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Ph...Hydrogen storage-a key hurdle for clean energy-has advanced with a pilot plant producing 150 tons of magnesium hydride annually since January 10,2025.Developed by a research team at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the project uses a novel“one-pot”method to synthesize magnesium-based materials that store hydrogen safely and efficiently.展开更多
This research analyzes the effects of various environmental regulatory strategies on ecological technology diffusion efficiency(ETDE)across 30 Chinese provinces.It explores the roles of market type(MER),command contro...This research analyzes the effects of various environmental regulatory strategies on ecological technology diffusion efficiency(ETDE)across 30 Chinese provinces.It explores the roles of market type(MER),command control type(CER),and environmental protection type(EER)environmental regulations,alongside the moderating influences of industrial agglomeration(Agg),low-carbon pilot policy(Lcp),fiscal decentralization(FD),and official corruption(Cor)on ETDE.Results show that EER positively affects ETDE,whereas MER and CER tend to inhibit its improvement.The study underscores the complex interplay between these regulations and the significant impact of Agg and Lcp in enhancing ER's effectiveness.Additionally,it highlights the critical mediating roles of FD and Cor,suggesting that the quality of government operations profoundly influences the success of environmental regulations in promoting ecological technology diffusion.These findings emphasize the necessity for tailored environmental regulation strategies that take into account regional economic,population,and digital economy differences,to effectively foster ecological technology diffusion and support China's green development goals.The study also proposes actionable insights for policymakers.展开更多
Have you ever wondered what it takes to be an astronaut?Let's hear about retired astronaut Scott Kelly's experiences in space to get the answer to that question.Kelly graduated from college with an engineering...Have you ever wondered what it takes to be an astronaut?Let's hear about retired astronaut Scott Kelly's experiences in space to get the answer to that question.Kelly graduated from college with an engineering degree in 1987.He was later accepted into Navy flight school,and selected to attend the United States Naval Test Pilot School.展开更多
Cross-border e-commerce has emerged as a new growth point in foreign trade.While the Dalian comprehensive pilot zone has made some progress,its development is constrained by issues such as the global economic slowdown...Cross-border e-commerce has emerged as a new growth point in foreign trade.While the Dalian comprehensive pilot zone has made some progress,its development is constrained by issues such as the global economic slowdown,the relatively small scale of cross-border e-commerce,a high concentration of export commodities,imperfect information mechanisms,and high overall costs.To address these challenges,this paper explores the importance of the construction of the Dalian comprehensive pilot zone for cross-border e-commerce to the transformation and upgrading of exports.Based on my research project,“Research on Path Optimization of Financial Support for the Development of Advanced Manufacturing Clusters in Dalian,”this paper analyzes the current challenges and limiting factors and proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.展开更多
Background:Atopic eczema is the most common type of skin disorder in both children and adults.It is characterized by erythema,pruritus,papules,xeransis,and lichenification.The KangminⅠdecoction,a Chinese herbal medic...Background:Atopic eczema is the most common type of skin disorder in both children and adults.It is characterized by erythema,pruritus,papules,xeransis,and lichenification.The KangminⅠdecoction,a Chinese herbal medicine prepared with several ingredients and used to treat eczema,was formulated according to traditional Chinese medicine theory.Objectives:To investigate the efficacy and safety of KangminⅠdecoction for treating atopic eczema compared to that of loratadine.Methods:90 patients were enrolled at the Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and randomly divided into the KangminⅠdecoction treatment group(n=45)and loratadine control group(n=45).Clinical efficacy was evaluated using the Eczema Area and Severity Index(EASI),Dermatology Life Quality Index(DLQI),adverse events(AEs),and recurrence rates,which were compared between the groups.Results:Compared to the loratadine control group(51.16%,18.60%),the KangminⅠdecoction group(7.72%,4.55%)displayed a significantly reduced effective rate(x^(2)=8.324,P=0.040)and recurrence rate(x^(2)=4.225,P=0.040).The incidence of AEs was similar between the groups(P=0.502).Conclusions:These results support further development of KangminⅠdecoction for the treatment of eczema.The KangminⅠdecoction showed good efficacy with a low recurrence rate and tolerable AEs.The main limitations of this study include the small sample size and the short treatment and follow-up periods.Larger controlled studies are needed to more adequately evaluate both safety and efficacy.展开更多
Labor provisions have become a fundamental trade rule in regional and bilateral trade agreements.Although China’s legislation on pilot Free Trade Zones includes content related to labor protection,it primarily aligns...Labor provisions have become a fundamental trade rule in regional and bilateral trade agreements.Although China’s legislation on pilot Free Trade Zones includes content related to labor protection,it primarily aligns with labor indicators in“Doing Business”,the assessment of business situations issued by the World Bank.It differs from the labor rights protection focus emphasized in trade agreements.The latest strategic documents issued by the State Council of China have addressed this issue to fully achieve the goal of aligning Free Trade Zones with high-standard trade agreements.Building on the development of Free Trade Zone legislation and domestic labor law governance,China should proactively explore a tailored approach to labor provisions in Free Trade Agreements.In this approach,it should explicitly define the“baseline”and“ceiling”for labor provisions during negotiations and,within this framework,establish benchmarks for labor rights protection,enforcement mechanisms,and cross-border regulatory mechanisms suited to the specific conditions of the agreement parties.展开更多
基金supported by the Airworthiness Technology Research Center of Beihang University,China.
文摘The human factors and their interaction with other factors play an important role in the flight safety of transport aircraft.In this paper,a paradigm of risk assessment for transport aircraft interacting with piloting behaviors is proposed,with focus on landing which is the most accident-prone flight stage in aviation safety statistics.Model-based flight simulation serves as our data source for landing risk analysis under uncertainties.A digital pilot in the loop that reflects the human piloting behaviors is employed to facilitate simulation efficiency.Eight types of unsafe events in landing are identified from statistics.On this basis,the landing safety boundary is extracted via stochastic simulation to divide safety and hazardous flight status domains,which con-tributes to flight status management and risk warning.The simulation results indicate that appro-priate piloting behavior,which is active response and fast target acquisition with minimum overshoot and fluctuation,shows benefit to landing safety.The subset simulation technique is employed to further refine the boundary with less computational workload.Furthermore,the effect of airspeed,windspeed,and other factors on landing risk is also discussed.The proposed risk assess-ment method would help optimize operation procedure and develop targeted pilot training program.
基金The authors declare that fund support was received from National Social Science Fund of China[Grant No.23BJL010].
文摘As urbanization accelerates globally,air pollution-particularly PM_(2.5)-is becoming an increasingly significant threat,not only to public health but also the environment.In-depth research on the impact of China’s Zero Waste City pilot policy on PM_(2.5)concentration offers valuable insights into the policy’s effectiveness and provides a potential model for environmental governance worldwide.This study employs panel data from 293 Chinese cities from 2014 to 2022 to systematically analyze the impact of the Zero-Waste City policy on PM_(2.5)concentration using a difference-in-differences model.The findings indicate that the policy not only directly reduces PM_(2.5)concentration but also indirectly curbs PM_(2.5)emissions by enhancing green innovation and green economic efficiency.Moreover,the policy’s effects are found to be positively moderated by urban energy dependence and digital financial inclusion,while they are negatively moderated by the government debt ratio.Based on these findings,this study suggests that cities should actively develop their digital economy,reduce government debt,promote green innovation,and improve green economic efficiency,as doing so will enhance their implementation of environmental policies and promote sustainable urban development.
文摘Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcomes in this disease have proven fully effective,and a comprehensive physical examination remains the primary method for early detection and monitoring of HNSCC.
文摘Mandate-based and market-based mechanisms represent two primary approaches to achieving policy objectives,yet the debate over their relative effectiveness remains unresolved.The mandate-based approach is exemplified by pilot programs for low-carbon provinces and cities,referred to as“Low-Carbon Pilot Provinces/Cities”,while the market-based mechanism is reflected in pilot programs for carbon emissions trading markets,or“Carbon Trading Pilot Programs”.This paper employs event study analysis to compare the carbon emission reduction impacts of these two approaches.Our findings reveal that the Low-Carbon Pilot Provinces/Cities achieved emissions reduction primarily by curbing economic output,without significantly reducing carbon emissions intensity.In contrast,the Carbon Trading Pilot Programs led to an increase in total carbon emissions by driving economic growth,even as they reduced carbon emissions intensity.A heterogeneity analysis further indicates that the emissions reductions observed in the Low-Carbon Pilot Provinces/Cities were predominantly concentrated in economically less-developed regions,whereas the increase in carbon emissions associated with the Carbon Trading Pilot Programs was more significant in regions with lower initial carbon emissions intensity.Against the backdrop of China’s efforts to achieve its carbon peak and neutrality goals,this paper offers valuable insights for the design of effective climate policies.
文摘Zhang Bo is a legend in his own right:at the age of 52,he obtained his pilot’s license;at 54,he became the first Chinese citizen to circumnavigate the globe by air;and at 57,he completed his second round-the-world flight.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1909704)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.N2301026,N2301017).
文摘Addressing the environmental issues of traditional vanadium extraction methods from vanadium-bearing shale,a highly efficient and clean suspension oxidation roasting-curing-leaching process was proposed and semi-industrial trials were conducted.Vanadium in raw ore mainly exists in sericite,roscoelite,and limonite,predominantly in the forms of V(Ⅲ)and V(Ⅳ).Under the conditions of a feed rate of 30 kg/h,an air flow rate of 28.0 m^(3)/h,an O_(2) flow rate of 4.0 m^(3)/h,and a temperature of 900℃ in both the suspension furnace and fluidized reactor,the vanadium-bearing mica underwent dehydroxylation and transformed into illite-montmorillonite.These changes disrupted the crystal structure of mica,facilitating vanadium extraction.Compared to direct acid leaching,curing-leaching demonstrates better performance in vanadium extraction.Under the conditions of curing temperature of 130℃,acid dosage of 40 wt.%,curing time of 6 h,and leaching time of 3 h,a V_(2)O_(5) leaching efficiency of 83.92% was achieved.
文摘In this paper,an interference cancellation based neural receiver for superimposed pilot(SIP)in multi-layer transmission is proposed,where the data and pilot are non-orthogonally superimposed in the same time-frequency resource.Specifically,to deal with the intra-layer and inter-layer interference of SIP under multi-layer transmission,the interference cancellation with superimposed symbol aided channel estimation is leveraged in the neural receiver,accompanied by the pre-design of pilot code-division orthogonal mechanism at transmitter.In addition,to address the complexity issue for inter-vendor collaboration and the generalization problem in practical deployments,respectively,this paper also provides a fixed SIP(F-SIP)design based on constant pilot power ratio and scalable mechanisms for different modulation and coding schemes(MCSs)and transmission layers.Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed schemes on the performance of block error rate and throughput compared with existing counterparts.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (Nos.2020YFC1908702 and 2021YFC3200700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52192684 and 52192680).
文摘Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt,China,generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system,which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits in conventional anaerobic digestion(CAD).Therefore,this paper is on a pilot scale,a bio-thermophilic pretreatment anaerobic digestion(BTPAD)for low organic sludge(volatile solids(VS)of 4%)was operated with a long-term continuous flow of 200 days.The VS degradation rate and CH_(4) yield of BTPAD increased by 19.93%and 53.33%,respectively,compared to those of CAD.The analysis of organic compositions in sludge revealed that BTPAD mainly improved the hydrolysis of proteins in sludge.Further analysis of microbial community proportions by high-throughput sequencing revealed that the short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment was enriched in Clostridiales,Coprothermobacter and Gelria,was capable of hydrolyzing acidified proteins,and provided more volatile fatty acid(VFA)for the subsequent reaction.Biome combined with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis showed that the number of bacteria with high methanogenic capacity in BTPAD was much higher than that in CAD during the medium temperature digestion stage,indicating that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could provide better methanogenic conditions for BTPAD.Furthermore,the greenhouse gas emission footprint analysis showed that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could reduce the carbon emission of sludge anaerobic digestion system by 19.18%.
基金supported by the Yunnan Provincial Education Department Scientific Research Fund Project(Grant No.2022J0525).
文摘Before nationwide implementation of waste classification programs in rural areas,identifying suitable pilot regions is crucial.This study develops a comprehensive framework for assessing and selecting these pilot regions.Data were collected through 654 valid questionnaires and interviews with respondents from rural areas in six provinces across China.Primary assessment criteria included disposal methods for kitchen waste,recyclables,hazardous waste,and residual waste,as well as farmers’willingness to separate hazardous waste when offered compensation and the impact of centralized waste treatment in villages.Secondary criteria focused on disposal methods for agrochemical packages and other hazardous waste.Using the weighted sum of squares method,the study evaluated the suitability of six regions as pilot areas for waste classification.The results identified villages in Jiangsu province and Hebei province as the most suitable pilot regions.Based on the findings,the study provides recommendations to address weaknesses in these regions to enhance the effectiveness of future trials and offers tailored suggestions for other regions to improve their waste classification initiatives.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2101204)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2025ZNSFSC0926)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023SCU12080 and 20822041B4013)。
文摘A pilot plant integrating pervaporation membrane bioreactor and mechanical vapor compression for bioethanol production was designed and constructed in the study,with a bioethanol production of 300 t·a^(-1).Key equipment in the process were designed based on bench test data.A pilot-scale fermenter with 20 m^(3) in volume,4 m in height and 2.5 m in diameter was designed based on geometric similarity criterion and power equality criterion.An integrated plate-frame membrane module with 105 plates was newly developed.Compared with conventional batch fermentation,the improvement of equipment utilization efficiency and the cell utilization efficiency can be expected as 1.5-2.0 times and 2-10 times,respectively,with waste water reduced by 70% to 85%.The high-exergy energy requirement for pilot plant was 57.5 k W,of which the broth preheater occupied 85.7%,following by the compressor 1.1%,pump1.9% and fermenter agitator 0.3%.The total energy requirement including distillation for producing 1 kg ethanol(95%(mass)) achieved an energy surplus of 15.6 MJ.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662020DKPY008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.31772797)。
文摘The clinical application of solid lipid particles(SLPs)is hampered due to the need for advanced nano/micro-suspension production technology.This research aims to establish a pilot-scale production line employing high-speed shears as emulsification equipment.The primary purpose is to manufacture nano/micro-suspensions using solid lipid particles(SLPs).The study also exhaustively introduces and analyzes the regulatory schemes for process parameters and formulations at various stages of production.The process and formulation endured optimization through orthog-onal or single-factor tests at various production steps:laboratory research,small-scale trial production,and pilot production.Quality standards for the product were determined,and key parameters were obtained at each stage.The laboratory research demonstrated that the optimal SLPs comprised 15 mL 3%polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)per 1.0 g tilmicosin and 2.5 g carnauba wax(WAX).During small-scale production,modifications were made to the volume of the aqueous phase,emulsifier concentration,and emulsification strength,setting them to 16 mL,5%,and 2200 r/min,respectively.In the pilot production stage,the shear time was considered optimal at eight min.The impurity,content,polydispersion coefficient(PDI),and size of the pilot product were<3%,5%,0385 and 2.64μm,respectively.Among the several parameters studied,heating temperature,drug-lipid ratio,and emulsifier concentration were identified as the main factors affecting product quality,and they were regulated at 100℃,1:3,and 5%,respectively.A novel hot melt emulsification shear method aided the development of a new solid lipid-based suspension from its preliminary stages in the laboratory to pilot production.This innovation is expected to enhance solid lipid-based suspensions'industrial evolution extensively.
基金supported by the Military Medical Science and Technology Youth Cultivation Program of the Chinese PLA(17QNP023)the Key Projects of Medical Service Scientific Research of the Navy Medical Center(20M2302)the Military Logistics National Military Standard General Project of Chinese PLA(BHJ22B002).
文摘Dear Editor,In recent years,there has been a significant upward trend in the detection rate of thyroid diseases among military flight personnel[1].Thyroid diseases not only pose a serious threat to the health of flight personnel but also have negative impacts on the aviation safety and combat effectiveness of troops.It has been confirmed that the occurrence and progression of thyroid diseases are closely linked to dietary iodine intake.Studies have manifested that long-term excessive or insufficient iodine intake can lead to thyroid diseases[2,3].
文摘Hydrogen storage-a key hurdle for clean energy-has advanced with a pilot plant producing 150 tons of magnesium hydride annually since January 10,2025.Developed by a research team at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the project uses a novel“one-pot”method to synthesize magnesium-based materials that store hydrogen safely and efficiently.
基金supported by the Yunnan University Research Foundation Program(Grant No.KC-23233830).
文摘This research analyzes the effects of various environmental regulatory strategies on ecological technology diffusion efficiency(ETDE)across 30 Chinese provinces.It explores the roles of market type(MER),command control type(CER),and environmental protection type(EER)environmental regulations,alongside the moderating influences of industrial agglomeration(Agg),low-carbon pilot policy(Lcp),fiscal decentralization(FD),and official corruption(Cor)on ETDE.Results show that EER positively affects ETDE,whereas MER and CER tend to inhibit its improvement.The study underscores the complex interplay between these regulations and the significant impact of Agg and Lcp in enhancing ER's effectiveness.Additionally,it highlights the critical mediating roles of FD and Cor,suggesting that the quality of government operations profoundly influences the success of environmental regulations in promoting ecological technology diffusion.These findings emphasize the necessity for tailored environmental regulation strategies that take into account regional economic,population,and digital economy differences,to effectively foster ecological technology diffusion and support China's green development goals.The study also proposes actionable insights for policymakers.
文摘Have you ever wondered what it takes to be an astronaut?Let's hear about retired astronaut Scott Kelly's experiences in space to get the answer to that question.Kelly graduated from college with an engineering degree in 1987.He was later accepted into Navy flight school,and selected to attend the United States Naval Test Pilot School.
文摘Cross-border e-commerce has emerged as a new growth point in foreign trade.While the Dalian comprehensive pilot zone has made some progress,its development is constrained by issues such as the global economic slowdown,the relatively small scale of cross-border e-commerce,a high concentration of export commodities,imperfect information mechanisms,and high overall costs.To address these challenges,this paper explores the importance of the construction of the Dalian comprehensive pilot zone for cross-border e-commerce to the transformation and upgrading of exports.Based on my research project,“Research on Path Optimization of Financial Support for the Development of Advanced Manufacturing Clusters in Dalian,”this paper analyzes the current challenges and limiting factors and proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
基金sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2024YFC3500314)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82405403)+3 种基金the Shanghai 2022‘Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan’Medical Innovation Research Special Project(No.22Y11922200)the Key Discipline Construction Project of Shanghai’s Three Year Action Plan for Strengthening the Construction of Public Health System(No.GWVI-11.1-24)the Clinical Research plan of Shanghai Shenkang HospitalDevelopment Center(No.SHDC22022302)the High-level Chinese Medicine Key Discipline Construction Project(Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine Clinic)of National Administration of TCM(No.zyyzdxk-2023065).
文摘Background:Atopic eczema is the most common type of skin disorder in both children and adults.It is characterized by erythema,pruritus,papules,xeransis,and lichenification.The KangminⅠdecoction,a Chinese herbal medicine prepared with several ingredients and used to treat eczema,was formulated according to traditional Chinese medicine theory.Objectives:To investigate the efficacy and safety of KangminⅠdecoction for treating atopic eczema compared to that of loratadine.Methods:90 patients were enrolled at the Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and randomly divided into the KangminⅠdecoction treatment group(n=45)and loratadine control group(n=45).Clinical efficacy was evaluated using the Eczema Area and Severity Index(EASI),Dermatology Life Quality Index(DLQI),adverse events(AEs),and recurrence rates,which were compared between the groups.Results:Compared to the loratadine control group(51.16%,18.60%),the KangminⅠdecoction group(7.72%,4.55%)displayed a significantly reduced effective rate(x^(2)=8.324,P=0.040)and recurrence rate(x^(2)=4.225,P=0.040).The incidence of AEs was similar between the groups(P=0.502).Conclusions:These results support further development of KangminⅠdecoction for the treatment of eczema.The KangminⅠdecoction showed good efficacy with a low recurrence rate and tolerable AEs.The main limitations of this study include the small sample size and the short treatment and follow-up periods.Larger controlled studies are needed to more adequately evaluate both safety and efficacy.
基金result of the“Research on ESG Supply Chain Governance and Labor Rights Protection”(Project Number SUFE-ESG-20250315)a general subject project of the Fullgoal Institute for ESG Research,SUFE in 2025.
文摘Labor provisions have become a fundamental trade rule in regional and bilateral trade agreements.Although China’s legislation on pilot Free Trade Zones includes content related to labor protection,it primarily aligns with labor indicators in“Doing Business”,the assessment of business situations issued by the World Bank.It differs from the labor rights protection focus emphasized in trade agreements.The latest strategic documents issued by the State Council of China have addressed this issue to fully achieve the goal of aligning Free Trade Zones with high-standard trade agreements.Building on the development of Free Trade Zone legislation and domestic labor law governance,China should proactively explore a tailored approach to labor provisions in Free Trade Agreements.In this approach,it should explicitly define the“baseline”and“ceiling”for labor provisions during negotiations and,within this framework,establish benchmarks for labor rights protection,enforcement mechanisms,and cross-border regulatory mechanisms suited to the specific conditions of the agreement parties.
