The human factors and their interaction with other factors play an important role in the flight safety of transport aircraft.In this paper,a paradigm of risk assessment for transport aircraft interacting with piloting...The human factors and their interaction with other factors play an important role in the flight safety of transport aircraft.In this paper,a paradigm of risk assessment for transport aircraft interacting with piloting behaviors is proposed,with focus on landing which is the most accident-prone flight stage in aviation safety statistics.Model-based flight simulation serves as our data source for landing risk analysis under uncertainties.A digital pilot in the loop that reflects the human piloting behaviors is employed to facilitate simulation efficiency.Eight types of unsafe events in landing are identified from statistics.On this basis,the landing safety boundary is extracted via stochastic simulation to divide safety and hazardous flight status domains,which con-tributes to flight status management and risk warning.The simulation results indicate that appro-priate piloting behavior,which is active response and fast target acquisition with minimum overshoot and fluctuation,shows benefit to landing safety.The subset simulation technique is employed to further refine the boundary with less computational workload.Furthermore,the effect of airspeed,windspeed,and other factors on landing risk is also discussed.The proposed risk assess-ment method would help optimize operation procedure and develop targeted pilot training program.展开更多
To decode the pilot’s behavioral awareness,an experiment is designed to use an aircraft simulator obtaining the pilot’s physiological behavior data.Existing pilot behavior studies such as behavior modeling methods b...To decode the pilot’s behavioral awareness,an experiment is designed to use an aircraft simulator obtaining the pilot’s physiological behavior data.Existing pilot behavior studies such as behavior modeling methods based on domain experts and behavior modeling methods based on knowledge discovery do not proceed from the characteristics of the pilots themselves.The experiment starts directly from the multimodal physiological characteristics to explore pilots’behavior.Electroencephalography,electrocardiogram,and eye movement were recorded simultaneously.Extracted multimodal features of ground missions,air missions,and cruise mission were trained to generate support vector machine behavior model based on supervised learning.The results showed that different behaviors affects different multiple rhythm features,which are power spectra of theθwaves of EEG,standard deviation of normal to normal,root mean square of standard deviation and average gaze duration.The different physiological characteristics of the pilots could also be distinguished using an SVM model.Therefore,the multimodal physiological data can contribute to future research on the behavior activities of pilots.The result can be used to design and improve pilot training programs and automation interfaces.展开更多
This Excessive sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and low health literacy skills have emerged as two public health concerns in the United States (US);however, there is limited research on how to effectively ad...This Excessive sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and low health literacy skills have emerged as two public health concerns in the United States (US);however, there is limited research on how to effectively address these issues among adults. As guided by health literacy concepts and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this randomized controlled pilot trial applied the RE-AIM framework and a mixed methods approach to examine a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intervention (SipSmartER), as compared to a matched-contact control intervention targeting physical activity (Move-More). Both 5-week interventions included two interactive group sessions and three support telephone calls. Executing a patient-centered developmental process, the primary aim of this paper was to evaluate patient feedback on intervention content and structure. The secondary aim was to understand the potential reach (i.e., proportion enrolled, representativeness) and effectiveness (i.e. health behaviors, theorized mediating variables, quality of life) of SipS- martER. Twenty-five participants were randomized to SipSmartER (n = 14) or MoveMore (n = 11). Participants’ intervention feedback was positive, ranging from 4.2 - 5.0 on a 5-point scale. Qualitative assessments reavealed several opportuneties to improve clarity of learning materials, enhance instructions and communication, and refine research protocols. Although SSB consumption decreased more among the SipS-martER participants (?256.9 ± 622.6 kcals), there were no significant group differences when compared to control participants (?199.7 ± 404.6 kcals). Across both groups, there were significant improvements for SSB attitudes, SSB behavioral intentions, and two media literacy constructs. The value of using a patient-centered approach in the developmental phases of this intervention was apparent, and pilot findings suggest decreased SSB may be achieved through targeted health literacy and TPB strategies. Future efforts are needed to examine the potential public health impact of a large-scale trial to address health literacy and reduce SSB.展开更多
美国联邦航空管理局(FAA,Federal Aviation Administration)委派机械系统协调工作组(MSHWG,Mechanical Systems Harmonization Working Group)制定一套新的基于人体核心温度的座舱内可接受高温环境标准。为探究该标准对中国飞行人员生...美国联邦航空管理局(FAA,Federal Aviation Administration)委派机械系统协调工作组(MSHWG,Mechanical Systems Harmonization Working Group)制定一套新的基于人体核心温度的座舱内可接受高温环境标准。为探究该标准对中国飞行人员生理指标和行为能力的影响,本文通过人工气候室模拟驾驶舱高温环境,选用18~25岁的健康男性飞行学员和普通大学生进行对照实验,采用无线生理设备监测不同人体核心温度-时间下人体生理指标的变化,并采用神经行为评估系统测评人体行为能力指标的变化。实验结果表明:随着环境温度的升高,人体核心温度、皮肤温度和心率增加,但均在人体生理耐限范围内;随着环境温度的升高,动静脉血氧饱和度下降,无统计学差异;人体在不同人体核心温度-时间下各项行为能力除视觉保留能力外均没有明显改变,差异无统计学意义;MSHWG给出的人体核心温度限制值对于飞行人员的生理负荷和行为能力的影响均在安全范围内。展开更多
目的分析飞行员在模拟飞行转弯与着陆阶段中的视觉信息获取与认知加工行为特点。方法选取42名男性飞行员在同一台飞行模拟器上执行特定飞行任务,利用德国SMI眼动仪记录转弯和着陆过程中的飞行员眼动数据,并对不同阶段各兴趣区(area of i...目的分析飞行员在模拟飞行转弯与着陆阶段中的视觉信息获取与认知加工行为特点。方法选取42名男性飞行员在同一台飞行模拟器上执行特定飞行任务,利用德国SMI眼动仪记录转弯和着陆过程中的飞行员眼动数据,并对不同阶段各兴趣区(area of interest,AOI)的注视持续时间进行统计分析。结果在转弯阶段中,受试者对图形AOI的注视时间多于数字(Z=-2.737,P=0.006);受试者对下方AOI的注视时间多于上方(P=0.043)和右侧(P<0.001),对中间AOI的注视时间多于右侧(P=0.015);受试者对舱外跑道与舱内仪表区的第1个注视点的注视时间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);受试者在转回舱内仪表区的第1个注视点与其他舱内仪表AOI的注视时间的差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.036,P=0.002)。在着陆阶段中,受试者对对中跑道的注视时间多于仪表(P=0.008)。结论飞行员在转弯阶段更关注于图形AOI、下方AOI、中间AOI和转回舱内仪表区的第1个注视点,飞行员在着陆阶段更关注于对中跑道,提示能够以飞行阶段为切入点优化人机交互界面设计。展开更多
The phenomenological theory of sedimentation-thickening processes predicts the settling behavior of a flocculated suspension in dependence of two functions, the batch flux density function and the effective solid stre...The phenomenological theory of sedimentation-thickening processes predicts the settling behavior of a flocculated suspension in dependence of two functions, the batch flux density function and the effective solid stress. These functions were determined using batch settling tests. The governing equations for sedimentation were then solved numerically for these functions and the predictions were compared to the experimental results from pilot scale thickener tests. Firstly, the continuous tests were performed in the plexiglass pilot thickener at different feed flow rates and discharge rates and the solid volume fraction of discharge, the bed height and the time were recorded for each condition. These tests were also simulated and it was observed that there is a good agreement between the results of continuous tests and the results of dynamic simulation. Secondly, the discontinuous tests were performed in the plexiglass pilot thickener at different feed flow rates with a discharge rate of zero. The bed formation rate was determined for each condition. These tests were also simulated and it was observed that there is a good agreement between the results of discontinuous tests and the results of simulation.展开更多
基金supported by the Airworthiness Technology Research Center of Beihang University,China.
文摘The human factors and their interaction with other factors play an important role in the flight safety of transport aircraft.In this paper,a paradigm of risk assessment for transport aircraft interacting with piloting behaviors is proposed,with focus on landing which is the most accident-prone flight stage in aviation safety statistics.Model-based flight simulation serves as our data source for landing risk analysis under uncertainties.A digital pilot in the loop that reflects the human piloting behaviors is employed to facilitate simulation efficiency.Eight types of unsafe events in landing are identified from statistics.On this basis,the landing safety boundary is extracted via stochastic simulation to divide safety and hazardous flight status domains,which con-tributes to flight status management and risk warning.The simulation results indicate that appro-priate piloting behavior,which is active response and fast target acquisition with minimum overshoot and fluctuation,shows benefit to landing safety.The subset simulation technique is employed to further refine the boundary with less computational workload.Furthermore,the effect of airspeed,windspeed,and other factors on landing risk is also discussed.The proposed risk assess-ment method would help optimize operation procedure and develop targeted pilot training program.
文摘To decode the pilot’s behavioral awareness,an experiment is designed to use an aircraft simulator obtaining the pilot’s physiological behavior data.Existing pilot behavior studies such as behavior modeling methods based on domain experts and behavior modeling methods based on knowledge discovery do not proceed from the characteristics of the pilots themselves.The experiment starts directly from the multimodal physiological characteristics to explore pilots’behavior.Electroencephalography,electrocardiogram,and eye movement were recorded simultaneously.Extracted multimodal features of ground missions,air missions,and cruise mission were trained to generate support vector machine behavior model based on supervised learning.The results showed that different behaviors affects different multiple rhythm features,which are power spectra of theθwaves of EEG,standard deviation of normal to normal,root mean square of standard deviation and average gaze duration.The different physiological characteristics of the pilots could also be distinguished using an SVM model.Therefore,the multimodal physiological data can contribute to future research on the behavior activities of pilots.The result can be used to design and improve pilot training programs and automation interfaces.
文摘This Excessive sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and low health literacy skills have emerged as two public health concerns in the United States (US);however, there is limited research on how to effectively address these issues among adults. As guided by health literacy concepts and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this randomized controlled pilot trial applied the RE-AIM framework and a mixed methods approach to examine a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intervention (SipSmartER), as compared to a matched-contact control intervention targeting physical activity (Move-More). Both 5-week interventions included two interactive group sessions and three support telephone calls. Executing a patient-centered developmental process, the primary aim of this paper was to evaluate patient feedback on intervention content and structure. The secondary aim was to understand the potential reach (i.e., proportion enrolled, representativeness) and effectiveness (i.e. health behaviors, theorized mediating variables, quality of life) of SipS- martER. Twenty-five participants were randomized to SipSmartER (n = 14) or MoveMore (n = 11). Participants’ intervention feedback was positive, ranging from 4.2 - 5.0 on a 5-point scale. Qualitative assessments reavealed several opportuneties to improve clarity of learning materials, enhance instructions and communication, and refine research protocols. Although SSB consumption decreased more among the SipS-martER participants (?256.9 ± 622.6 kcals), there were no significant group differences when compared to control participants (?199.7 ± 404.6 kcals). Across both groups, there were significant improvements for SSB attitudes, SSB behavioral intentions, and two media literacy constructs. The value of using a patient-centered approach in the developmental phases of this intervention was apparent, and pilot findings suggest decreased SSB may be achieved through targeted health literacy and TPB strategies. Future efforts are needed to examine the potential public health impact of a large-scale trial to address health literacy and reduce SSB.
文摘美国联邦航空管理局(FAA,Federal Aviation Administration)委派机械系统协调工作组(MSHWG,Mechanical Systems Harmonization Working Group)制定一套新的基于人体核心温度的座舱内可接受高温环境标准。为探究该标准对中国飞行人员生理指标和行为能力的影响,本文通过人工气候室模拟驾驶舱高温环境,选用18~25岁的健康男性飞行学员和普通大学生进行对照实验,采用无线生理设备监测不同人体核心温度-时间下人体生理指标的变化,并采用神经行为评估系统测评人体行为能力指标的变化。实验结果表明:随着环境温度的升高,人体核心温度、皮肤温度和心率增加,但均在人体生理耐限范围内;随着环境温度的升高,动静脉血氧饱和度下降,无统计学差异;人体在不同人体核心温度-时间下各项行为能力除视觉保留能力外均没有明显改变,差异无统计学意义;MSHWG给出的人体核心温度限制值对于飞行人员的生理负荷和行为能力的影响均在安全范围内。
文摘目的分析飞行员在模拟飞行转弯与着陆阶段中的视觉信息获取与认知加工行为特点。方法选取42名男性飞行员在同一台飞行模拟器上执行特定飞行任务,利用德国SMI眼动仪记录转弯和着陆过程中的飞行员眼动数据,并对不同阶段各兴趣区(area of interest,AOI)的注视持续时间进行统计分析。结果在转弯阶段中,受试者对图形AOI的注视时间多于数字(Z=-2.737,P=0.006);受试者对下方AOI的注视时间多于上方(P=0.043)和右侧(P<0.001),对中间AOI的注视时间多于右侧(P=0.015);受试者对舱外跑道与舱内仪表区的第1个注视点的注视时间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);受试者在转回舱内仪表区的第1个注视点与其他舱内仪表AOI的注视时间的差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.036,P=0.002)。在着陆阶段中,受试者对对中跑道的注视时间多于仪表(P=0.008)。结论飞行员在转弯阶段更关注于图形AOI、下方AOI、中间AOI和转回舱内仪表区的第1个注视点,飞行员在着陆阶段更关注于对中跑道,提示能够以飞行阶段为切入点优化人机交互界面设计。
文摘The phenomenological theory of sedimentation-thickening processes predicts the settling behavior of a flocculated suspension in dependence of two functions, the batch flux density function and the effective solid stress. These functions were determined using batch settling tests. The governing equations for sedimentation were then solved numerically for these functions and the predictions were compared to the experimental results from pilot scale thickener tests. Firstly, the continuous tests were performed in the plexiglass pilot thickener at different feed flow rates and discharge rates and the solid volume fraction of discharge, the bed height and the time were recorded for each condition. These tests were also simulated and it was observed that there is a good agreement between the results of continuous tests and the results of dynamic simulation. Secondly, the discontinuous tests were performed in the plexiglass pilot thickener at different feed flow rates with a discharge rate of zero. The bed formation rate was determined for each condition. These tests were also simulated and it was observed that there is a good agreement between the results of discontinuous tests and the results of simulation.
