This study aimed(1)to describe the experience of adolescents and adults using FitSpirit asynchronous virtual(V)exercise videos that target adolescent girls,(2)to compare physical activity(PA)levels and exercise-relate...This study aimed(1)to describe the experience of adolescents and adults using FitSpirit asynchronous virtual(V)exercise videos that target adolescent girls,(2)to compare physical activity(PA)levels and exercise-related selfperception variables among groups(2019 in-person[IP],2021 IP,and 2021 V)of adolescent girls,and(3)to assess the association between the adolescents’PA levels and their exercise-related self-perception in response to IP(pre-pandemic and during pandemic)and V(during pandemic)FitSpirit exercise modes.Regarding the first aim,28 adolescent girls([15.5±0.8]years old)and 29 adult women([33.0±10.3]years old)experienced the V exercise mode.For the second and third aims,376 girls([15.3±1.7]years old)participated IP in 2019(prepandemic),339 girls([14.9±1.6]years old)participated IP in 2021(during the pandemic),and 27 girls([15.5±0.8]years old)watched V FitSpirit exercise videos in 2021(during the pandemic).Data was collected using online questionnaires.Chi-square(χ^(2))and Pearson tests were performed.Adults(76%)had a significantly higher intention to use FitSpirit exercise videos again than adolescents(14%)(p<0.001).For IP exercise mode,we observed significant correlations between PA levels and being proud(r?0.08,p?0.046),feeling good(r=0.14,p<0.001),and being disappointed(r=-0.12,p<0.001).For the V exercise mode,there were no significant correlations.In conclusion,better exercise-related self-perception was only correlated to PA levels when IP training was offered.These first findings support IP training for adolescent girls when the pandemic situation allows it.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are promisingcandidates for next-generation energy storagegiven their high energy density and potential low cost.Chemically activated carbon(CAC)is often used fortheir cathodes,because ...Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are promisingcandidates for next-generation energy storagegiven their high energy density and potential low cost.Chemically activated carbon(CAC)is often used fortheir cathodes,because it has a high specific surfacearea for sulfur loading.We have developed a pressurizedphysical activation(PPA)method that producedan activated carbon(PPAC)with a high specific surfacearea comparable to that of CAC.The pore structure of PPAC could be changed and its use as a cathode material for Li–Sbatteries was investigated.Battery tests at different capacity rates(C-rates)showed that it had a much improved high-rate performancewith a discharge capacity of 900 mAh/(g of sulfur)at 1 C,in contrast to only 600 mAh/(g of sulfur)for CAC.Porestructure analyses showed that PPAC prepared at a high activation temperature(1000℃)had unusual channel-like mesoporesbetween the microdomains that are the basic structural units of artificial carbon materials.These are connected to microporesdeveloped in each microdomain,and deliver ions from the surroundings to the internal pores and vice versa.The well-developedmicropores and mesopores of PPAC respectively ensured the high adsorption of lithium polysulfides and a high rate ofion diffusion.Compared to CAC,PPAC is a high-performance,low-cost cathode material that is promising for use in futureLi–S batteries.展开更多
To maintain soil quality under long-term saline water irrigation,the influence of manure on soil physical properties was examined.Long-term saline irrigation has been conducted from 2015 to 2024 at the Nanpi Eco-Agric...To maintain soil quality under long-term saline water irrigation,the influence of manure on soil physical properties was examined.Long-term saline irrigation has been conducted from 2015 to 2024 at the Nanpi Eco-Agricultural Experimental Station of Chinese Academy Sciences in the Low Plain of the North China Plain,comprising four irrigation treatments:irrigation once at the jointing stage for winter wheat with irrigation water containing salt at fresh water,3,4 and 5 g·L^(–1),and maize irrigation at sowing using fresh water.Manure application was conducted under all irrigation treatments,with treatments without manure application used as controls.The results showed that under long-term irrigation with saline water,the application of manure increased the soil organic matter content,exchangeable potassium,available phosphorus,and total nitrogen content in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 46.8%,117.0%,75.7%,and 45.5%,respectively,compared to treatments without manure application.The application of manure reduced soil bulk density.It also increased the proportion of water-stable aggregates and the abundance of bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes in the tillage soil layer compared to the controls.Because of the salt contained in the manure,the application of manure had dual effects on soil salt content.During the winter wheat season,manure application increased soil salt content.The salt content was significantly reduced during the summer maize season,owing to the strong salt-leaching effects under manure application,resulting in a smaller difference in salt content between the manure and non-manure treatments.During the summer rainfall season,improvements in soil structure under manure application increased the soil desalination rate for the 1 m top soil layer.The desalination rate for 0–40 cm and 40–100 cm was averagely by 39.1%and 18.9%higher,respectively,under manure application as compared with that under the nomanure treatments.The yield of winter wheat under manure application was 0.12%lower than that of the control,owing to the higher salt content during the winter wheat season.In contrast,the yield of summer maize improved by 3.9%under manure application,owing to the increased soil nutrient content and effective salt leaching.The results of this study indicated that manure application helped maintain the soil physical structure,which is important for the long-term use of saline water.In practice,using manure with a low salt content is suggested to reduce the adverse effects of saline water irrigation on soil properties and achieve sustainable saline water use.展开更多
In 2025,I had the honor of delivering keynote speeches at the conferences of the International Society for Diet and Activity Methods in Toronto,Canada,and the International Society of Behavioural Nutrition and Physica...In 2025,I had the honor of delivering keynote speeches at the conferences of the International Society for Diet and Activity Methods in Toronto,Canada,and the International Society of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity in Auckland,Aotearoa,New Zealand.These opportunities prompted deep reflection on scientific research in general,and on physical activity and health research specifically.展开更多
Background:Although light-intensity physical activity(LPA)has been suggested to be associated with a lower risk of mortality,the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA remain unclear.We aimed to examine the minimal and op...Background:Although light-intensity physical activity(LPA)has been suggested to be associated with a lower risk of mortality,the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA remain unclear.We aimed to examine the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA associated with the risks of mortality and disease incidence(i.e.,cardiovascular diseases and cancer).Methods:Data were derived from the population-based UK Biobank cohort study,including 69,492 adults aged 43-78 years.Accelerometermeasured LPA was defined using a validated,published machine learning-based Random Forest activity method,which was categorized into 4 quartile groups.All-cause and cause-specific mortality(cardiovascular disease-and cancer-specific)were determined according to the International Classification of Diseases,10th version codes.Disease incidence was defined based on primary care,hospitalization,or death records.Results:During a median follow-up period of 8.04 years,2024 adults died from all causes,539 from cardiovascular disease,and 1175 from cancer.For all-cause mortality,compared with participants in the lowest quartile of LPA(<3.9 h/day),the hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were 0.82(95%CI:0.73-0.93)for those with 3.9 to<5.0 h/day,0.75(95%CI:0.66-0.85)for those with 5.0 to<6.1 h/day,and 0.77(95%CI:0.68-0.88)for those with≥6.1 h/day,respectively.There was an inverse non-linear dose-response association between LPA and all-cause mortality,with an optimal dose of 5.72 h/day(95%CI:5.45-6.41;HR=0.63,95%CI:0.56-0.71)and a minimal dose of 3.59 h/day(95%CI:3.53-8.56;HR=0.81,95%CI:0.78-0.86),with the 5th percentile as the reference.Similar patterns were observed for cause-specific mortality and disease incidence(cardiovascular disease and cancer).Conclusion:Engaging in LPA for~3.5 h/day was conservatively associated with lower risk of mortality and disease incidence,with further risk reductions observed up to an optimal dose of~6.0 h/day.These findings suggest that sufficient LPA offers important health benefits,which can inform the development of future PA guidelines.展开更多
Glassy polymers are widely used in biomedical applications in a solvent environment,yet their long-term performance is governed by the competing effects of physical aging and solvent-induced plasticization.Here,we dev...Glassy polymers are widely used in biomedical applications in a solvent environment,yet their long-term performance is governed by the competing effects of physical aging and solvent-induced plasticization.Here,we develop a constitutive model that explicitly couples the solvent concentration,structural relaxation,and mechanical response.This framework is built on a multiplicative decomposition of deformation and an Eyring-type flow rule,with structural evolution described by an effective temperature.A generalized shift factor is introduced to quantify how the solvent concentration and effective temperature jointly affect the relaxation time,thereby integrating physical aging and plasticization.The model is subsequently applied to methacrylate(MA)-based copolymer networks immersed in phosphate-buffered saline for up to nine months.Simulations accurately capture key experimental features,including the strong softening of highly swellable networks,the partial recovery due to aging,and the mitigating role of hydrophobic crosslinking in reducing solvent uptake.While the current single-mode description cannot reproduce the full relaxation spectrum,it establishes an efficient framework for predicting the long-term mechanical performance under coupled environmental and mechanical loading.This study provides a constitutive description of solvent-swollen glassy polymers,offering mechanistic insight into the interplay between plasticization and aging.Beyond biomedical MA networks,this framework establishes a foundation for predicting the long-term performance of polymer glasses under coupled aqueous environmental and mechanical loading.展开更多
Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss...Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.展开更多
Objective:We assessed the risk for physical inactivity due to inadequate health literacy using multivariable analysis in a large middleaged population.Methods:This cross-sectional mail survey using a self-administered...Objective:We assessed the risk for physical inactivity due to inadequate health literacy using multivariable analysis in a large middleaged population.Methods:This cross-sectional mail survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted in 2020 and included 33,902 community residents aged 40-64 years from 5 cities in Osaka Prefecture,Japan.Of these,12,446(36.7%)agreed to participate in the survey.After exclusion of those with regular visits to medical institutions and those with missing data,the analysis included 3742 participants.Health literacy was measured by the communicative and critical health literacy(CCHL)scale,and participants were classified into 3 groups(low,medium,and high health literacy groups)by the tertiles of the CCHL scale score.Physical inactivity was defined as not completing at least 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity throughout the week.Results:After adjustment for age,gender,education level,occupation,economic status,living alone,and stages of health behavior change,the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios(ORs)for physical inactivity were 1.36(95% confidence interval[CI]:1.16-1.59,P<0.001)in the medium health literacy group and 1.70(95%CI:1.36-2.11,P<0.001)in the low health literacy group compared with the high health literacy group.Conclusions:This large-scale study provides compelling evidence that those with inadequate health literacy are at higher risk for physical inactivity among middle-aged adults.展开更多
Background:Health benefits have been reported for many physical activity(PA)interventions for improving fundamental movement skills(FMS)and cognitive function(CF),but the most effective type of PA interventions for em...Background:Health benefits have been reported for many physical activity(PA)interventions for improving fundamental movement skills(FMS)and cognitive function(CF),but the most effective type of PA interventions for emhancing FMS and CF in early childhood remain unknown.Thus,the study aimed to determine the effects of PA interventions in enhancing FMS and CF among young children and to establish the optimal types of PA interventions.Methods:Six electronic databases(PubMed,OVID,SPORTDiscus,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane)were searched for studies from inception to March 17,2024.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were included in this study if they reported outcomes related to FMS,CF,or both associated with PA interventions.Effect sizes were calculated and performed as Hedges'g.The hierarchy of competing interventions was established using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).Risk of bias was independently assessed using the Cochrane Riskof-Bias 2.Results:This analysis included 38 studies with 5237 young children,with sample sizes ranging from 32 to 897 participants.The types of PA interventions analyzed included active play/free play/unstructured PA(AP),general structured PA(GSPA),FMS-targeted PA programs(FMSprograms),cognitively-engaging PA programs(CPA),multilevel PA interventions(MPA),and exergaming.PA interventions had a large,pooled effect size for total FMS(g=0.96;95%CI:0.45-1.46;p<0.01;I^(2)=94%).For CF,a small-to-moderate pooled effect size was found(g=0.39;95%CI:0.18-0.60;p<0.01;I^(2)=88%).PA interventions longer than 3 months showed fewer benefits for FMS(p<0.01).The network meta-analysis showed that FMS-programs(standardized mean difference((SMD)=1.55,95%CI:0.98-2.11,SUCRA=98.3%)and GSPA(SMD=0.94,95%CI:0.05-1.85,SUCRA=69.8%)significantly improved total FMS compared to AP.For locomotor skills(LMS),exergaming ranked highest(SUCRA=79.3%),followed by FMS-programs(75.9%)and GSPA(61.6%).However,despite its top ranking,exergaming's effect estimate was not statistically significant(SMD=1.38,95%CI:-0.08 to 2.85).For object control skills(OCS),exergaming again ranked highest(SUCRA=91.9%)and showed the largest significant effect(SMD=2.38,95%CI:0.96-3.80),followed by FMS-programs(SUCRA=78.5%)and GSPA(SUCRA=53.7%).FMS-programs,GSPA,MPA,and UC also significantly improved OCS compared to AP.While no significant differences were observed across PA interventions for most CF domains,exergaming had a significant positive effect on working memory(SMD=1.41,95%CI:0.07-2.75).The certainty of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusion:These findings emphasize the importance of PA interventions in improving FMS and CF in early childhood.FMS-programs and GSPA appear to be the most effective approaches for enhancing total FMS,while exergaming showed the highest ranking for LMS and OCS,with a significant impact on OCS but uncertainty in LMS improvements.Additionally,exergaming had a positive effect on working memory,suggesting its potential cognitive benefits.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the impact of maternal-infant separation on the physical and mental state of high-risk pregnancy patients and explore the clinical efficacy of targeted nursing interventions.Methods:A total of 80 ...Objective:To analyze the impact of maternal-infant separation on the physical and mental state of high-risk pregnancy patients and explore the clinical efficacy of targeted nursing interventions.Methods:A total of 80 high-risk pregnancy patients treated in our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the study subjects.These patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group(40 cases each)using a random number table.The control group received routine high-risk pregnancy nursing care,while the observation group received specialized maternal-infant separation nursing interventions in addition to routine care.The psychological and physiological states and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared before and after the intervention.Results:The SAS scores,SDS scores,and sleep quality scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,with statistically significant differences(p<0.05).The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the initiation time of lactation was significantly earlier than that in the control group,with both differences being statistically significant(p<0.05).The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(80%vs.32/40),with a statistically significant difference(p<0.05).Conclusion:Maternal-infant separation exacerbates anxiety and depression in high-risk pregnancy patients,reduces sleep quality,increases the risk of postpartum hemorrhage,and delays the initiation of lactation.Specialized nursing interventions for maternal-infant separation can improve the physical and mental state of high-risk pregnancy patients,reduce the incidence of postpartum complications,and enhance nursing satisfaction,making them worthy of clinical application and promotion.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for it...Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity,particularly in aging brains.However,the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear.Adiponectin,a cell-secreted protein hormone,has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise.Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.Here,we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment.We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease,focusing on its impact on energy metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammation.We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory.Finally,we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exerciseenhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Background:The topic of this review is the study of the gut microbiota(GM),and the use of probiotics,especially in humans,as a new frontier in the field of prevention and health in general.The beneficial effects and f...Background:The topic of this review is the study of the gut microbiota(GM),and the use of probiotics,especially in humans,as a new frontier in the field of prevention and health in general.The beneficial effects and functions performed by probiotics in the GM are increasingly at the centre of both scientific,medical,and pharmaceutical interest.It is now known that diet and probiotics can modify the GM,although in these situations there is a need for greater and more in-depth research regarding the methods and timing of treatment.However,the relationship between physical activity,GM,and probiotics is still largely unclear,as regards certain mechanisms between physical exercise and probiotics in humans.Discussion:In this study,we tried to demonstrate whether and how physical exercise was able to alter the composition of the microbiota and how probiotics can facilitate it.Therefore,alteration of the microbiota was considered in terms of both diversity and composition.Conclusions:The ones examined propose vastly different physical exercises,both in terms of timing and type of intervention itself,and the use of probiotics.展开更多
Background:Depression is prevalent among female college students,with eating behavior potentially related to this issue.This study examines the relationship between eating behavior and depression,focusing on the role ...Background:Depression is prevalent among female college students,with eating behavior potentially related to this issue.This study examines the relationship between eating behavior and depression,focusing on the role of social appearance anxiety and physical activity.Methods:We recruited 2161 female college students from nine universities in China via convenience sampling.Data was collected via an online questionnaire.Eating behavior was assessed via the Eating Behavior Scale short form(EBS-SF),depression was measured via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),social appearance anxiety was evaluated via the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale,and physical activity was assessed via a single-item question.Descriptive statistics were analyzed via SPSS 26.0,and moderated mediation analysis was conducted via PROCESS version 3.5.Results:Unhealthy eating behavior was significantly associated with higher levels of depression(β=0.285,p<0.001).Social appearance anxiety mediated this relationship,accounting for 46%of the total effect(β=0.132,95%CI=[0.108,0.158]).The interaction effect between eating behavior and physical activity was significantly and negatively correlated with depression(β=−0.052,p<0.01).The association between eating behavior and depression was stronger under conditions of low physical activity(β=0.210,p<0.001)than under conditions of high physical activity(β=0.105,p<0.001).Conclusions:Integrating nutritional guidance,body image acceptance training,and exercise promotion into campus mental health programs is crucial for addressing depression in female college students.Future research should use longitudinal designs and broader participant ranges to increase the general applicability of the findings.展开更多
In this paper,we analyze the physical layer security(PLS)performance of a free-space optical(FSO)communication system composed of a transmitting satellite and ground users.Specifically,the FSO fading channels follow t...In this paper,we analyze the physical layer security(PLS)performance of a free-space optical(FSO)communication system composed of a transmitting satellite and ground users.Specifically,the FSO fading channels follow the Málaga distribution.Further,we scrutinize the influence of non-zero boresight pointing errors and angle-of-arrival fluctuations on the PLS performance for the first time.We derived the probability density function and cumulative density function of the FSO link,followed by the closed-form expressions of the secrecy outage probability(SOP)and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity(SPSC).The asymptotic SOP expression at the high signal-to-noise ratio regime and diversity order are also provided to reveal the physical mechanism of the PLS of the considered system.Finally,Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to verify the correctness of the analytical expressions.The results afford helpful insights for the future design of satellite FSO communication systems.展开更多
White matter injury is a key factor impacting stroke recovery.Physical exercise can promote white matter repair.Immune cells,especially regulatory T(Treg)cells,contribute to strengthening white matter integrity,yet li...White matter injury is a key factor impacting stroke recovery.Physical exercise can promote white matter repair.Immune cells,especially regulatory T(Treg)cells,contribute to strengthening white matter integrity,yet little is known about the underlying mechanism.To examine this,we established a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion male mouse model.We found that physical exercise elevated brain Treg cells,thereby enhancing neurological recovery,reducing neuroinflammation,promoting myelin debris clearance,and accelerating white matter repair.Depletion of Treg cells caused a decrease in these positive effects of physical exercise.Mechanistically,the rise in osteopontin triggered by physical exercise is dampened when Treg cells are depleted.In addition,Treg-conditioned medium reduced oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation-induced microglial inflammation and enhanced phagocytosis,which could be blocked by osteopontin antibodies.Importantly,although Treg infusion could mimic the protective effects of physical exercise,osteopontin blockade partially countered the effects of physical exercise and Treg cells.Finally,our sequencing data revealed a marked upregulation of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12)mRNA expression subsequent to physical exercise,which was confirmed at the protein level.Stimulation of Treg cells with stroke brain lysates increased C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)expression,indicating a potential role for the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in recruiting Treg cells.These findings suggest that physical exercise promotes white matter repair after ischemic stroke by Treg cells.展开更多
In a series of experiments,Phelps et al.1provided novel data linking moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA),gut microbiota composition changes and the release of the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) formate,and en...In a series of experiments,Phelps et al.1provided novel data linking moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA),gut microbiota composition changes and the release of the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) formate,and enhanced antitumor immunity via the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in cytotoxic CD8+T cells.These data support the growing awareness that the clinical benefits of MVPA are achieved at least in part through enhanced immunity with support from the gut microbiome.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)has become one of the most serious and common chronic diseases around the world,leading to various complications and a reduction in life expectancy.Increased sedentary behavior(SB)and decreased ph...Diabetes mellitus(DM)has become one of the most serious and common chronic diseases around the world,leading to various complications and a reduction in life expectancy.Increased sedentary behavior(SB)and decreased physical activity(PA)are important contributors to the rising prevalence of DM.This article reviews the research progress on the pathogenesis of DM,the effects of SB and PA on the risk of DM,aiming to explore the influence of different PA intensities,amounts,frequencies,durations and types on the incidence of DM.Research has shown that blood glucose levels tend to increase with the prolongation of SB.Within a certain range,PA intensity and PA amount are negatively correlated with the risk of DM;Performing PA for more than 3 days per week maintains normal glucose tolerance and lower blood pressure;Engaging in 150–300 min of moderate intensity exercise or 75–150 min of high-intensity exercise per week reduces the risk of DM;PA during leisure time reduces the risk of DM,while PA during work increases the risk of DM;Both aerobic training and resistance training reduce the risk of DM,and the combination of the two training methods produces better benefits;Various types of exercises,such as cycling,soccer,aerobics,yoga,tai chi,all reduce the risk of DM.In summary,prolonged SB increases the risk of DM,while appropriate PA reduces the risk of DM.As the intensity,amount,and frequency of PA increase,the effect of reducing DM risk becomes more significant.Different exercise methods have different effects on reducing DM risk.展开更多
The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activit...The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary habits, sleep patterns) within the 24-h cycle of daily life. Wearables are applied in research, clinical practice, and as lifestyle devices;most obvious, they promise to be a key element for increasing human physical activity, one of the biggest health challenges nowadays.展开更多
Physical inactivity remains a pressing global public health concern.Prolonged periods of sedentary behavior have been linked to heightened risks of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 ...Physical inactivity remains a pressing global public health concern.Prolonged periods of sedentary behavior have been linked to heightened risks of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes,while engaging in any form of physical activity can elicit favorable effects on health.Nevertheless,epidemiological research indicates that people often struggle to meet recommended physical activity guidelines,citing time constraints,lack of exercise equipment,and environmental limitations as common barriers.Exercise snacks represents a time-efficient approach with the potential to improve physical activity levels in sedentary populations,cultivate exercise routines,and enhance the perception of the health benefits associated with physical activity.We review the existing literature on exercise snacks,and examine the effects of exercise snacks on physical function and exercise capacity,while also delving into the potential underlying mechanisms.The objective is to establish a solid theoretical foundation for the application of exercise snacks as a viable strategy for promoting physical activity and enhancing overall health,particularly in vulnerable populations who are unable to exercise routinely.展开更多
基金co-funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada and the FitSpirit organization.
文摘This study aimed(1)to describe the experience of adolescents and adults using FitSpirit asynchronous virtual(V)exercise videos that target adolescent girls,(2)to compare physical activity(PA)levels and exercise-related selfperception variables among groups(2019 in-person[IP],2021 IP,and 2021 V)of adolescent girls,and(3)to assess the association between the adolescents’PA levels and their exercise-related self-perception in response to IP(pre-pandemic and during pandemic)and V(during pandemic)FitSpirit exercise modes.Regarding the first aim,28 adolescent girls([15.5±0.8]years old)and 29 adult women([33.0±10.3]years old)experienced the V exercise mode.For the second and third aims,376 girls([15.3±1.7]years old)participated IP in 2019(prepandemic),339 girls([14.9±1.6]years old)participated IP in 2021(during the pandemic),and 27 girls([15.5±0.8]years old)watched V FitSpirit exercise videos in 2021(during the pandemic).Data was collected using online questionnaires.Chi-square(χ^(2))and Pearson tests were performed.Adults(76%)had a significantly higher intention to use FitSpirit exercise videos again than adolescents(14%)(p<0.001).For IP exercise mode,we observed significant correlations between PA levels and being proud(r?0.08,p?0.046),feeling good(r=0.14,p<0.001),and being disappointed(r=-0.12,p<0.001).For the V exercise mode,there were no significant correlations.In conclusion,better exercise-related self-perception was only correlated to PA levels when IP training was offered.These first findings support IP training for adolescent girls when the pandemic situation allows it.
文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are promisingcandidates for next-generation energy storagegiven their high energy density and potential low cost.Chemically activated carbon(CAC)is often used fortheir cathodes,because it has a high specific surfacearea for sulfur loading.We have developed a pressurizedphysical activation(PPA)method that producedan activated carbon(PPAC)with a high specific surfacearea comparable to that of CAC.The pore structure of PPAC could be changed and its use as a cathode material for Li–Sbatteries was investigated.Battery tests at different capacity rates(C-rates)showed that it had a much improved high-rate performancewith a discharge capacity of 900 mAh/(g of sulfur)at 1 C,in contrast to only 600 mAh/(g of sulfur)for CAC.Porestructure analyses showed that PPAC prepared at a high activation temperature(1000℃)had unusual channel-like mesoporesbetween the microdomains that are the basic structural units of artificial carbon materials.These are connected to microporesdeveloped in each microdomain,and deliver ions from the surroundings to the internal pores and vice versa.The well-developedmicropores and mesopores of PPAC respectively ensured the high adsorption of lithium polysulfides and a high rate ofion diffusion.Compared to CAC,PPAC is a high-performance,low-cost cathode material that is promising for use in futureLi–S batteries.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1900104)。
文摘To maintain soil quality under long-term saline water irrigation,the influence of manure on soil physical properties was examined.Long-term saline irrigation has been conducted from 2015 to 2024 at the Nanpi Eco-Agricultural Experimental Station of Chinese Academy Sciences in the Low Plain of the North China Plain,comprising four irrigation treatments:irrigation once at the jointing stage for winter wheat with irrigation water containing salt at fresh water,3,4 and 5 g·L^(–1),and maize irrigation at sowing using fresh water.Manure application was conducted under all irrigation treatments,with treatments without manure application used as controls.The results showed that under long-term irrigation with saline water,the application of manure increased the soil organic matter content,exchangeable potassium,available phosphorus,and total nitrogen content in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 46.8%,117.0%,75.7%,and 45.5%,respectively,compared to treatments without manure application.The application of manure reduced soil bulk density.It also increased the proportion of water-stable aggregates and the abundance of bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes in the tillage soil layer compared to the controls.Because of the salt contained in the manure,the application of manure had dual effects on soil salt content.During the winter wheat season,manure application increased soil salt content.The salt content was significantly reduced during the summer maize season,owing to the strong salt-leaching effects under manure application,resulting in a smaller difference in salt content between the manure and non-manure treatments.During the summer rainfall season,improvements in soil structure under manure application increased the soil desalination rate for the 1 m top soil layer.The desalination rate for 0–40 cm and 40–100 cm was averagely by 39.1%and 18.9%higher,respectively,under manure application as compared with that under the nomanure treatments.The yield of winter wheat under manure application was 0.12%lower than that of the control,owing to the higher salt content during the winter wheat season.In contrast,the yield of summer maize improved by 3.9%under manure application,owing to the increased soil nutrient content and effective salt leaching.The results of this study indicated that manure application helped maintain the soil physical structure,which is important for the long-term use of saline water.In practice,using manure with a low salt content is suggested to reduce the adverse effects of saline water irrigation on soil properties and achieve sustainable saline water use.
文摘In 2025,I had the honor of delivering keynote speeches at the conferences of the International Society for Diet and Activity Methods in Toronto,Canada,and the International Society of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity in Auckland,Aotearoa,New Zealand.These opportunities prompted deep reflection on scientific research in general,and on physical activity and health research specifically.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan:Real-Time Intelligent Active Intervention on Integration of Ten Important Chronic Diseases(2020YFC2003504-2,to BX)。
文摘Background:Although light-intensity physical activity(LPA)has been suggested to be associated with a lower risk of mortality,the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA remain unclear.We aimed to examine the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA associated with the risks of mortality and disease incidence(i.e.,cardiovascular diseases and cancer).Methods:Data were derived from the population-based UK Biobank cohort study,including 69,492 adults aged 43-78 years.Accelerometermeasured LPA was defined using a validated,published machine learning-based Random Forest activity method,which was categorized into 4 quartile groups.All-cause and cause-specific mortality(cardiovascular disease-and cancer-specific)were determined according to the International Classification of Diseases,10th version codes.Disease incidence was defined based on primary care,hospitalization,or death records.Results:During a median follow-up period of 8.04 years,2024 adults died from all causes,539 from cardiovascular disease,and 1175 from cancer.For all-cause mortality,compared with participants in the lowest quartile of LPA(<3.9 h/day),the hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were 0.82(95%CI:0.73-0.93)for those with 3.9 to<5.0 h/day,0.75(95%CI:0.66-0.85)for those with 5.0 to<6.1 h/day,and 0.77(95%CI:0.68-0.88)for those with≥6.1 h/day,respectively.There was an inverse non-linear dose-response association between LPA and all-cause mortality,with an optimal dose of 5.72 h/day(95%CI:5.45-6.41;HR=0.63,95%CI:0.56-0.71)and a minimal dose of 3.59 h/day(95%CI:3.53-8.56;HR=0.81,95%CI:0.78-0.86),with the 5th percentile as the reference.Similar patterns were observed for cause-specific mortality and disease incidence(cardiovascular disease and cancer).Conclusion:Engaging in LPA for~3.5 h/day was conservatively associated with lower risk of mortality and disease incidence,with further risk reductions observed up to an optimal dose of~6.0 h/day.These findings suggest that sufficient LPA offers important health benefits,which can inform the development of future PA guidelines.
基金the funding support from the Smart Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Innovation Project of Ningbo University(No.ZHYG003)。
文摘Glassy polymers are widely used in biomedical applications in a solvent environment,yet their long-term performance is governed by the competing effects of physical aging and solvent-induced plasticization.Here,we develop a constitutive model that explicitly couples the solvent concentration,structural relaxation,and mechanical response.This framework is built on a multiplicative decomposition of deformation and an Eyring-type flow rule,with structural evolution described by an effective temperature.A generalized shift factor is introduced to quantify how the solvent concentration and effective temperature jointly affect the relaxation time,thereby integrating physical aging and plasticization.The model is subsequently applied to methacrylate(MA)-based copolymer networks immersed in phosphate-buffered saline for up to nine months.Simulations accurately capture key experimental features,including the strong softening of highly swellable networks,the partial recovery due to aging,and the mitigating role of hydrophobic crosslinking in reducing solvent uptake.While the current single-mode description cannot reproduce the full relaxation spectrum,it establishes an efficient framework for predicting the long-term mechanical performance under coupled environmental and mechanical loading.This study provides a constitutive description of solvent-swollen glassy polymers,offering mechanistic insight into the interplay between plasticization and aging.Beyond biomedical MA networks,this framework establishes a foundation for predicting the long-term performance of polymer glasses under coupled aqueous environmental and mechanical loading.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health for the Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research(award No.P20GM144269)support from the Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.KL2TR002367)supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.TL1TR002368)。
文摘Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.
基金supported by the Fund for Health Promotion from Osaka Prefecture。
文摘Objective:We assessed the risk for physical inactivity due to inadequate health literacy using multivariable analysis in a large middleaged population.Methods:This cross-sectional mail survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted in 2020 and included 33,902 community residents aged 40-64 years from 5 cities in Osaka Prefecture,Japan.Of these,12,446(36.7%)agreed to participate in the survey.After exclusion of those with regular visits to medical institutions and those with missing data,the analysis included 3742 participants.Health literacy was measured by the communicative and critical health literacy(CCHL)scale,and participants were classified into 3 groups(low,medium,and high health literacy groups)by the tertiles of the CCHL scale score.Physical inactivity was defined as not completing at least 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity throughout the week.Results:After adjustment for age,gender,education level,occupation,economic status,living alone,and stages of health behavior change,the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios(ORs)for physical inactivity were 1.36(95% confidence interval[CI]:1.16-1.59,P<0.001)in the medium health literacy group and 1.70(95%CI:1.36-2.11,P<0.001)in the low health literacy group compared with the high health literacy group.Conclusions:This large-scale study provides compelling evidence that those with inadequate health literacy are at higher risk for physical inactivity among middle-aged adults.
文摘Background:Health benefits have been reported for many physical activity(PA)interventions for improving fundamental movement skills(FMS)and cognitive function(CF),but the most effective type of PA interventions for emhancing FMS and CF in early childhood remain unknown.Thus,the study aimed to determine the effects of PA interventions in enhancing FMS and CF among young children and to establish the optimal types of PA interventions.Methods:Six electronic databases(PubMed,OVID,SPORTDiscus,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane)were searched for studies from inception to March 17,2024.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were included in this study if they reported outcomes related to FMS,CF,or both associated with PA interventions.Effect sizes were calculated and performed as Hedges'g.The hierarchy of competing interventions was established using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).Risk of bias was independently assessed using the Cochrane Riskof-Bias 2.Results:This analysis included 38 studies with 5237 young children,with sample sizes ranging from 32 to 897 participants.The types of PA interventions analyzed included active play/free play/unstructured PA(AP),general structured PA(GSPA),FMS-targeted PA programs(FMSprograms),cognitively-engaging PA programs(CPA),multilevel PA interventions(MPA),and exergaming.PA interventions had a large,pooled effect size for total FMS(g=0.96;95%CI:0.45-1.46;p<0.01;I^(2)=94%).For CF,a small-to-moderate pooled effect size was found(g=0.39;95%CI:0.18-0.60;p<0.01;I^(2)=88%).PA interventions longer than 3 months showed fewer benefits for FMS(p<0.01).The network meta-analysis showed that FMS-programs(standardized mean difference((SMD)=1.55,95%CI:0.98-2.11,SUCRA=98.3%)and GSPA(SMD=0.94,95%CI:0.05-1.85,SUCRA=69.8%)significantly improved total FMS compared to AP.For locomotor skills(LMS),exergaming ranked highest(SUCRA=79.3%),followed by FMS-programs(75.9%)and GSPA(61.6%).However,despite its top ranking,exergaming's effect estimate was not statistically significant(SMD=1.38,95%CI:-0.08 to 2.85).For object control skills(OCS),exergaming again ranked highest(SUCRA=91.9%)and showed the largest significant effect(SMD=2.38,95%CI:0.96-3.80),followed by FMS-programs(SUCRA=78.5%)and GSPA(SUCRA=53.7%).FMS-programs,GSPA,MPA,and UC also significantly improved OCS compared to AP.While no significant differences were observed across PA interventions for most CF domains,exergaming had a significant positive effect on working memory(SMD=1.41,95%CI:0.07-2.75).The certainty of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusion:These findings emphasize the importance of PA interventions in improving FMS and CF in early childhood.FMS-programs and GSPA appear to be the most effective approaches for enhancing total FMS,while exergaming showed the highest ranking for LMS and OCS,with a significant impact on OCS but uncertainty in LMS improvements.Additionally,exergaming had a positive effect on working memory,suggesting its potential cognitive benefits.
文摘Objective:To analyze the impact of maternal-infant separation on the physical and mental state of high-risk pregnancy patients and explore the clinical efficacy of targeted nursing interventions.Methods:A total of 80 high-risk pregnancy patients treated in our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the study subjects.These patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group(40 cases each)using a random number table.The control group received routine high-risk pregnancy nursing care,while the observation group received specialized maternal-infant separation nursing interventions in addition to routine care.The psychological and physiological states and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared before and after the intervention.Results:The SAS scores,SDS scores,and sleep quality scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,with statistically significant differences(p<0.05).The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the initiation time of lactation was significantly earlier than that in the control group,with both differences being statistically significant(p<0.05).The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(80%vs.32/40),with a statistically significant difference(p<0.05).Conclusion:Maternal-infant separation exacerbates anxiety and depression in high-risk pregnancy patients,reduces sleep quality,increases the risk of postpartum hemorrhage,and delays the initiation of lactation.Specialized nursing interventions for maternal-infant separation can improve the physical and mental state of high-risk pregnancy patients,reduce the incidence of postpartum complications,and enhance nursing satisfaction,making them worthy of clinical application and promotion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82072529(to HWHT)Key Laboratory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes,No.2021KSYS009(to HWHT)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2022M720907(to HHG)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity,particularly in aging brains.However,the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear.Adiponectin,a cell-secreted protein hormone,has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise.Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.Here,we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment.We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease,focusing on its impact on energy metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammation.We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory.Finally,we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exerciseenhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.
文摘Background:The topic of this review is the study of the gut microbiota(GM),and the use of probiotics,especially in humans,as a new frontier in the field of prevention and health in general.The beneficial effects and functions performed by probiotics in the GM are increasingly at the centre of both scientific,medical,and pharmaceutical interest.It is now known that diet and probiotics can modify the GM,although in these situations there is a need for greater and more in-depth research regarding the methods and timing of treatment.However,the relationship between physical activity,GM,and probiotics is still largely unclear,as regards certain mechanisms between physical exercise and probiotics in humans.Discussion:In this study,we tried to demonstrate whether and how physical exercise was able to alter the composition of the microbiota and how probiotics can facilitate it.Therefore,alteration of the microbiota was considered in terms of both diversity and composition.Conclusions:The ones examined propose vastly different physical exercises,both in terms of timing and type of intervention itself,and the use of probiotics.
文摘Background:Depression is prevalent among female college students,with eating behavior potentially related to this issue.This study examines the relationship between eating behavior and depression,focusing on the role of social appearance anxiety and physical activity.Methods:We recruited 2161 female college students from nine universities in China via convenience sampling.Data was collected via an online questionnaire.Eating behavior was assessed via the Eating Behavior Scale short form(EBS-SF),depression was measured via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),social appearance anxiety was evaluated via the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale,and physical activity was assessed via a single-item question.Descriptive statistics were analyzed via SPSS 26.0,and moderated mediation analysis was conducted via PROCESS version 3.5.Results:Unhealthy eating behavior was significantly associated with higher levels of depression(β=0.285,p<0.001).Social appearance anxiety mediated this relationship,accounting for 46%of the total effect(β=0.132,95%CI=[0.108,0.158]).The interaction effect between eating behavior and physical activity was significantly and negatively correlated with depression(β=−0.052,p<0.01).The association between eating behavior and depression was stronger under conditions of low physical activity(β=0.210,p<0.001)than under conditions of high physical activity(β=0.105,p<0.001).Conclusions:Integrating nutritional guidance,body image acceptance training,and exercise promotion into campus mental health programs is crucial for addressing depression in female college students.Future research should use longitudinal designs and broader participant ranges to increase the general applicability of the findings.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62271202,62027802)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LZ25F010004)。
文摘In this paper,we analyze the physical layer security(PLS)performance of a free-space optical(FSO)communication system composed of a transmitting satellite and ground users.Specifically,the FSO fading channels follow the Málaga distribution.Further,we scrutinize the influence of non-zero boresight pointing errors and angle-of-arrival fluctuations on the PLS performance for the first time.We derived the probability density function and cumulative density function of the FSO link,followed by the closed-form expressions of the secrecy outage probability(SOP)and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity(SPSC).The asymptotic SOP expression at the high signal-to-noise ratio regime and diversity order are also provided to reveal the physical mechanism of the PLS of the considered system.Finally,Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to verify the correctness of the analytical expressions.The results afford helpful insights for the future design of satellite FSO communication systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82172546(to XH),82172547(to ZZ)the Natural ScienceFoundation of Guangdong Province,Nos.2023A1515012695(to XH),2024A1515010419(to ZZ)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangzhou,Nos.202201020413(to ZZ),2023A04J1099(to ZZ).
文摘White matter injury is a key factor impacting stroke recovery.Physical exercise can promote white matter repair.Immune cells,especially regulatory T(Treg)cells,contribute to strengthening white matter integrity,yet little is known about the underlying mechanism.To examine this,we established a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion male mouse model.We found that physical exercise elevated brain Treg cells,thereby enhancing neurological recovery,reducing neuroinflammation,promoting myelin debris clearance,and accelerating white matter repair.Depletion of Treg cells caused a decrease in these positive effects of physical exercise.Mechanistically,the rise in osteopontin triggered by physical exercise is dampened when Treg cells are depleted.In addition,Treg-conditioned medium reduced oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation-induced microglial inflammation and enhanced phagocytosis,which could be blocked by osteopontin antibodies.Importantly,although Treg infusion could mimic the protective effects of physical exercise,osteopontin blockade partially countered the effects of physical exercise and Treg cells.Finally,our sequencing data revealed a marked upregulation of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12)mRNA expression subsequent to physical exercise,which was confirmed at the protein level.Stimulation of Treg cells with stroke brain lysates increased C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4)expression,indicating a potential role for the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in recruiting Treg cells.These findings suggest that physical exercise promotes white matter repair after ischemic stroke by Treg cells.
文摘In a series of experiments,Phelps et al.1provided novel data linking moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA),gut microbiota composition changes and the release of the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) formate,and enhanced antitumor immunity via the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in cytotoxic CD8+T cells.These data support the growing awareness that the clinical benefits of MVPA are achieved at least in part through enhanced immunity with support from the gut microbiome.
基金Key Project of Undergraduate Teaching Reform Research of Shandong Normal University(No.2024ZJ12)sixth batch of"Sports and Health"special topic of Education Research of Chinese Society of Education。
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)has become one of the most serious and common chronic diseases around the world,leading to various complications and a reduction in life expectancy.Increased sedentary behavior(SB)and decreased physical activity(PA)are important contributors to the rising prevalence of DM.This article reviews the research progress on the pathogenesis of DM,the effects of SB and PA on the risk of DM,aiming to explore the influence of different PA intensities,amounts,frequencies,durations and types on the incidence of DM.Research has shown that blood glucose levels tend to increase with the prolongation of SB.Within a certain range,PA intensity and PA amount are negatively correlated with the risk of DM;Performing PA for more than 3 days per week maintains normal glucose tolerance and lower blood pressure;Engaging in 150–300 min of moderate intensity exercise or 75–150 min of high-intensity exercise per week reduces the risk of DM;PA during leisure time reduces the risk of DM,while PA during work increases the risk of DM;Both aerobic training and resistance training reduce the risk of DM,and the combination of the two training methods produces better benefits;Various types of exercises,such as cycling,soccer,aerobics,yoga,tai chi,all reduce the risk of DM.In summary,prolonged SB increases the risk of DM,while appropriate PA reduces the risk of DM.As the intensity,amount,and frequency of PA increase,the effect of reducing DM risk becomes more significant.Different exercise methods have different effects on reducing DM risk.
基金funded in part by the German Research Foundation(Grant reference:496846758).
文摘The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary habits, sleep patterns) within the 24-h cycle of daily life. Wearables are applied in research, clinical practice, and as lifestyle devices;most obvious, they promise to be a key element for increasing human physical activity, one of the biggest health challenges nowadays.
文摘Physical inactivity remains a pressing global public health concern.Prolonged periods of sedentary behavior have been linked to heightened risks of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes,while engaging in any form of physical activity can elicit favorable effects on health.Nevertheless,epidemiological research indicates that people often struggle to meet recommended physical activity guidelines,citing time constraints,lack of exercise equipment,and environmental limitations as common barriers.Exercise snacks represents a time-efficient approach with the potential to improve physical activity levels in sedentary populations,cultivate exercise routines,and enhance the perception of the health benefits associated with physical activity.We review the existing literature on exercise snacks,and examine the effects of exercise snacks on physical function and exercise capacity,while also delving into the potential underlying mechanisms.The objective is to establish a solid theoretical foundation for the application of exercise snacks as a viable strategy for promoting physical activity and enhancing overall health,particularly in vulnerable populations who are unable to exercise routinely.
